1.
Crosby, Stills & Nash (album)
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Crosby, Stills & Nash is the first album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, released in 1969 on the Atlantic Records label. The album itself peaked at #6 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart and it was certified four times platinum by the RIAA for sales of over 4,200,000. The album was a strong debut for the band, instantly lifting them to stardom. Crosby, Stills & Nash presented a new wrinkle in building upon rocks roots, utilizing folk, blues, the album features some of their best known songs, Helplessly Hoping, Long Time Gone, Suite, Judy Blue Eyes and Wooden Ships. Stills dominated the recording of the album, apart from drums, handled by Dallas Taylor, he played nearly all of the instruments on the album. Nash played acoustic guitar on two tracks and Crosby rhythm guitar on a few, Stills played all the bass, organ, and lead guitar parts, as well as acoustic guitar on his own songs. The other guys wont be offended when I say that one was my baby, david Crosby bristled over the plan for Long Time Gone as he thought he should at least play rhythm guitar on his own song. Stills convinced him to go home for a while and when he returned Crosby was won over by the track that Stills. In a more recent interview, Crosby contradicted his earlier statement, the group performed songs from the album at the Woodstock Festival in August 1969. In late 1969 the group appeared on the Tom Jones TV show and this album proved very influential on many levels to the dominant popular music scene in America for much of the 1970s. Strong sales, combined with the emphasis on personal confession in its writing. On December 6,2011, a compact disc edition of the album was released on the Audio Fidelity label. On the cover the members are, left to right, Nash, Stills, and Crosby, for no particular reason, the photo was taken by their friend and photographer Henry Diltz before they came up with a name for the group. A few days later they decided on the name Crosby, Stills, and Nash. To prevent confusion, they went back to the house a day or so later to re-shoot the cover in the correct order, Dallas Taylor can be seen looking through the window of the door on the rear of the sleeve. In the expanded edition, however, he is absent, the original vinyl LP was released in a gatefold sleeve that depicted the band members in large fur parkas with a sunset in the background on the gatefold, as well as the iconic cover art. A long folded page inside displayed the credits, lyrics, track listing. Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic in The Village Voice, I have written elsewhere that this album is perfect, only Crosbys vocal on Long Time Gone saves it from a special castrati award
2.
Neil Young
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Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960, in 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield. From his early albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums. Youngs often-distorted electric guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career, Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk, rock, blues and other musical styles. Known to rip up live set lists, Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and his gritty guitar work, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname Godfather of Grunge and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real, Young directed films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past, Rust Never Sleeps, Human Highway, Greendale, and CSNY/Déjà Vu. He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia and Dead Man, Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice, as a solo artist in 1995, in 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock n roll artist. He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship and he was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14,2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30,2009. Young was born on November 12,1945, in Toronto and his father, Scott Alexander Young, was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction. His mother, Edna Blow Ragland Rassy Young was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. Youngs parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and their first son, shortly after Youngs birth in 1945, his family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a sleepy little place. Young suffered from polio in 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, after his recovery, the Young family vacationed in Florida. During that period, Young briefly attended Chisolm Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, in 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Winnipeg for a year, before relocating to Toronto and Pickering. Young became interested in music he heard on the radio. When Young was twelve, his father, who had several extramarital affairs and his mother asked for a divorce which was granted in 1960. Young went to live with his mother, who moved back to Winnipeg, during the mid-fifties, Young listened to rock n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop
3.
David Crosby
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David Van Cortlandt Crosby is an American singer-songwriter. In addition to his career, he was a founding member of both the Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash. He wrote or co-wrote Lady Friend, Why, and Eight Miles High with the Byrds and Guinnevere, Wooden Ships, Shadow Captain and he wrote Almost Cut My Hair and the title track Déjà Vu for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Youngs 1970 album. He is known for his use of guitar tunings and jazz influences. Crosby has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, once for his work in the Byrds, five albums he contributed to are included in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, three with the Byrds and two with CSN. He has been depicted as emblematic of the 1960s counterculture, David Van Cortlandt Crosby was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents were Aliph Van Cortlandt Whitehead and Floyd Crosby, an Academy Award–winning cinematographer and he is also the younger brother of musician Ethan Crosby. At Crane, he starred in HMS Pinafore and other musicals but was asked not to return because of his lack of academic progress and he graduated from the Cate School in Carpinteria, completing his secondary studies by correspondence. In 1960, his parents divorced, and his father remarried Betty Andrews Crosby, Crosby briefly studied drama at Santa Barbara City College before dropping out to pursue a career in music. He moved toward the Greenwich Village scene, with the help of producer Jim Dickson, Crosby recorded his first solo session in 1963. Crosby joined Jim McGuinn and Gene Clark, who were named the Jet Set. They were augmented by drummer Michael Clarke, at which point Crosby attempted, unsuccessfully, late in 1964, Chris Hillman joined as bassist, and Crosby relieved Gene Clark of rhythm guitar duties. The song turned into a hit, reaching number one in the charts in the United States. While McGuinn originated the Byrds trademark 12-string guitar sound, Crosby was responsible for the soaring harmonies, in 1966, Gene Clark, who then was the bands primary songwriter, left the group because of stress. This placed all the groups songwriting responsibilities in the hands of McGuinn, Crosby, Crosby took the opportunity to hone his craft and soon became a prolific songwriter. His early Byrds efforts included the 1966 hit Eight Miles High, because Crosby felt responsible for and was widely credited with popularizing the song Hey Joe, he persuaded the other members of the Byrds to record it on Fifth Dimension. By Younger Than Yesterday, the Byrds 1967 album, Crosby clearly began to find his trademark style, friction between Crosby and the other Byrds came to a head in mid-1967. Tensions were high after the Monterey Pop Festival in June, when Crosbys onstage political diatribes between songs elicited rancor from McGuinn and Hillman
4.
Graham Nash
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Graham William Nash, OBE is an English singer-songwriter and musician. Nash is known for his tenor voice and for his songwriting contributions as a member of the English pop group The Hollies. Nash became an American citizen on 14 August 1978 and holds citizenship of the United Kingdom. Nash is a collector and a published photographer. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1997, Nash was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2010 Birthday Honours List for services to music and to charity. Graham William Nash was born in 1942 in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, his mother having been evacuated there from the Nashes hometown of Salford, Lancashire, the family subsequently returned to Salford, where Nash grew up. In the early 1960s he co-founded The Hollies, one of the UKs most successful pop groups, credited on the first album as Group Leader, he occasionally took the lead vocals. Nash was featured vocally on Just One Look in 1964, and he then progressed to often singing featured bridge vocals on Hollies recordings, So Lonely, Ive Been Wrong, Pay You Back With Interest. Also by 1966 Nash was providing a few lead vocals on Hollies albums & then from 1967 also on B-sides to singles, notably On a Carousel. Nash encouraged The Hollies to write their own songs, initially with Clarke, then with Clarke, from 1964 to mid-1966 they wrote under the alias L. Ransford. Their own names were credited on songs from Stop Stop Stop from October 1966 onwards, in 1965, Nash with Allan Clarke & guitarist, Tony Hicks, formed Gralto Music Ltd, a publishing company which handled their own songs and later signed the young Reg Dwight. Nash was pivotal in the forging of a sound and lyrics, often writing the verses on Clarke, however, Nash also composed songs by himself under the team banner, for example, Fifi the Flea, Clown, Stop Right There, Everything is Sunshine. The Butterfly album included several of his songs that had less group participation and he was disappointed when this new style did not register with their audience, especially King Midas in Reverse. Nash initially met both David Crosby and Stephen Stills in 1966 during a Hollies US tour, on a subsequent visit to the US in 1968, he was more formally introduced to Crosby by mutual friend Cass Elliott in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles. Nash left the Hollies to form a new group with Crosby, a trio at first, Crosby, Stills & Nash later became a quartet with Neil Young, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Nash, nicknamed Willy by his mates, has been described as the glue that keeps their often fragile alliances together. Nash became politically active after moving to California, as reflected in Nashs songs Military Madness and his song Immigration Man, Crosby & Nashs biggest hit as a duo, arose from a tiff he had with a US Customs official while trying to enter the country. In 1972, during CSNYs first hiatus, Nash teamed with Crosby and they have worked in this configuration on and off ever since, yielding four studio albums and a few live and compilation albums
5.
Stephen Stills
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Stephen Arthur Stills is an American singer and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Beginning his professional career with Buffalo Springfield, he composed their only hit For What Its Worth, other notable songs he contributed to the band were Sit Down, I Think I Love You, Bluebird and Rock & Roll Woman. According to Richie Furay, he was the heart and soul of Buffalo Springfield, after Buffalo Springfield broke up, Stills began working with David Crosby and Graham Nash on their debut album. Stills, in addition to writing much of the album, played bass, guitar, the album sold over four million copies and at that point, had outsold anything from the three members prior bands, The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, and The Hollies. The album won the trio a Grammy Award for Best New Artist, Neil Young, formerly of Buffalo Springfield, joined CSN months later for their second concert at Woodstock and subsequent album Déjà Vu. The album found Stills again as a leader of the group, living up to his nickname Captain Many Hands he played bass, guitar and keyboard on the title track, and electric guitar and piano on Helpless. The album became a success and sold over eight million copies. In its wake all four members of CSNY released solo albums that reached the top 20, Stills first solo album Stephen Stills went gold and is the only album to feature both Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton. Its hit single, Love The One Youre With became his biggest solo hit peaking at No.14 in the Billboard Hot 100, a string of solo albums, and a band with Chris Hillman called Manassas followed in 1972. In the summer of 1974 Young reunited with CSN after a hiatus for a concert tour which was recorded and released in 2014 as CSNY1974. It was one of the first ever tours, and the largest tour the band has done to date. CSN reunited in 1977 for their album CSN which became the trios best selling record, CSN continued to have platinum albums through the 1980s. Stills solo career and bands have combined sales of over 35 million albums to date, Stills was ranked #28 in Rolling Stones 2003 list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and #47 in the 2011 list. Stills became the first person to be inducted twice on the night into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with CSN. According to Neil Young, Stephen is a genius, Stills was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Talitha Quintilla and William Arthur Stills. Raised in a family, he moved around as a child. He also attended Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida and Saint Leo College Preparatory School in Saint Leo, Stills is also an avid sailor. Stills dropped out of University of Florida a week after enrolling to pursue a career in the early 1960s
6.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
7.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
8.
Folk rock
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It has also been influential in those parts of the world with close cultural connections to Britain and gave rise to the genre of folk punk. By the 1980s the genre was in decline in popularity. When English bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s defined themselves as electric folk they were making a distinction with the existing folk rock. Folk rock was what they had already been producing, American or American style singer-songwriter material played on instruments, as undertaken by Bob Dylan. They drew the distinction because they were focusing on indigenous songs, the result of this hybridisation was an exchange of specific features drawn from Traditional music and Rock music. For example, electric folk groups, while using traditional material as their source for lyrics and tunes. In the same year, The Beatles began incorporating overt folk influences into their music, the Beatles and other British Invasion bands, in turn, influenced the Californian band The Byrds, who began playing folk-influenced material and Bob Dylan compositions with rock instrumentation. The Byrds recording of Dylans Mr Tambourine Man was released in April 1965 and reached #1 on the U. S. and UK singles charts, setting off the mid-1960s folk rock movement. The Beatles late 1965 album, Rubber Soul, contained a number of songs clearly influenced by the American folk rock boom, such as Nowhere Man and If I Needed Someone. Folk rock became an important genre among emerging English bands, particularly those in the London club scene towards the end of the 1960s. Like the American revival, it was often overtly left wing in its politics, most important among their responses were the foundation of folk clubs in major towns, starting with London where MacColl began the Ballads and Blues Club in 1953. These clubs were usually urban in location, but the songs sung in them often hearkened back to a rural pre-industrial past, in many ways this was the adoption of abandoned popular music by the middle classes. This meant that there were, by the later 1960s, a group of performers with musical skill and knowledge of a variety of traditional songs. The result was an interpretation of the song A Sailors Life. The rapid expansion of electric folk that followed in the wake of Liege, five Hand Reel a band formed out of the remnants of Spencers Feat proved to be one of the more successful and influential folk rock bands. Releasing 4 albums with Topic/RCA records they were popular in Europe. He then quit that and eventually formed the Albion Country Band, later the Albion Band, a much smaller group of English bands were formed in emulation of existing electric rock bands. Fiddlers Dram were often dismissed as one hit wonders for their single Day Trip to Bangor, most of their career, from that point until they disbanded in 1979, was one of declining profile and sales
9.
Country rock
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Country rock is subgenre of popular music, formed from the fusion of rock and country. It was developed by musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late-1960s and early-1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes, vocal styles, country rock began with Bob Dylan and The Byrds, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Emmylou Harris, the Eagles, Michael Nesmith, Poco and Pure Prairie League. Country rock also influenced artists in genres, including The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock, john Einarson states, From a variety of perspectives and motivations, these musicians either played rock & roll attitude, or added a country feel to rock, or folk, or bluegrass, there was no formula. Dylans lead was followed by The Byrds, who were joined by Gram Parsons in 1968. Parsons had mixed country with rock, blues and folk to create what he called Cosmic American Music. Earlier in the year Parsons had released Safe at Home with the International Submarine Band, the result of Parsons brief tenure in the Byrds was Sweetheart of the Rodeo, generally considered one of the finest and most influential recordings in the genre. Country rock was a popular style in the California music scene of the late 1960s. Some folk-rockers followed the Byrds into the genre, among them the Beau Brummels, one of the few acts to successfully move from the country side towards rock were the bluegrass band The Dillards. Former members of Ronstadts backing band went on to form the Eagles, however, the principal country influence in the Eagles came from Bernie Leadon of the Flying Burrito Brothers, and little country influence was left in the band after he left in late 1975. The genre declined in popularity in the late 1970s, but some established artists, List of country rock albums List of country rock musicians
10.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
11.
Reprise Records
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Reprise Records /rəˈpriz/ is an American major record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It was mostly inactive from 1976 to 1987 and it is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Bros. Reprise Records was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Hence, he garnered the nickname The Chairman of the Board, having left Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granzs Verve Records, the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding. As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel, the label still issues any Sinatra work recorded while on the label and, after his death in 1998, it had great success with his greatest hits collections. One of the founding principles under Sinatras leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists are distributed through other labels. In Martins case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records, in 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 20% interest in the label. Many of the artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label, warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster, as well, Franks own daughter Nancy Sinatra would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys. In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. an unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels. In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academys hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed with Warner Bros. labels bearing a Reprise logo,1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President and it was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies catalogs in the U. S. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise. In September 2011, several took place at Reprise Records
12.
Crosby & Nash
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After the success of Déjà Vu and the subsequent break-up of the quartet in the summer of 1970, all four members of CSNY released solo albums. Crosbys If I Could Only Remember My Name and Nashs Songs for Beginners appeared in 1971 and that autumn, the two good friends toured together as an acoustic duo to favorable reviews, one night from this tour would be released twenty-seven years later as Another Stoney Evening. Further work together later in 1972 was precluded by Crosbys participation in The Byrds reunion album recording sessions, after failing to complete an album, Crosby and Nash signed a contract with ABC Records. Presumably for contractual obligations to their old label, the cassette, recording activity yielded two albums in 1975 and 1976 respectively, Wind on the Water and Whistling Down the Wire. In 1976, Stephen Stills and Neil Young invited the duo to a session for their album Long May You Run. Crosby & Nash vowed not to work with either Stills or Young again, ABC released four albums by Crosby & Nash prior to its being bought by the MCA conglomerate in 1979. In addition to the two abovementioned studio albums, the concert document Crosby-Nash Live appeared in 1977, with a compilation The Best of Crosby & Nash in 1978. All four albums featured their backing band The Mighty Jitters, consisting of Craig Doerge, Tim Drummond, Danny Kortchmar, Russ Kunkel, and David Lindley. Depending upon availability of the members, the twosome would either tour as a full-blown electric-based aggregation or in a semi-acoustic format with Doerge. Crosby and Doerge continued to collaborate regularly until the early 1990s, in 1979, Crosby & Nash attempted a new album for Capitol Records, but sessions were dampened by Crosbys increased dependence upon freebase cocaine. Material from the sessions eventually appeared on Nashs Earth & Sky without any songs from Crosby, Crosbys problems during the 1980s with drugs, and his prison time, precluded any activity solely with Nash, the pair appearing on the CSN and CSNY albums of that decade. In 2004, Crosby & Nash released their first original studio record since 1976 with the double-album Crosby & Nash on Sanctuary Records, a single CD version was released in 2006 when CSNY began its Freedom of Speech 06 tour. Nash stated in March 2016 that he would never work with Crosby again due to strained relations between the two. In addition to their work, Crosby & Nash were the harmony vocalists of choice for a number of prominent singer-songwriters. Their most recognizable work includes the hit singles Free Man in Paris by Joni Mitchell in 1974, Mexico by James Taylor in 1975. They also appeared on albums by Dave Mason, J. D. Souther, Elton John, Art Garfunkel, Gary Wright, Carole King, John Mayer, see also discographies for Crosby Stills Nash & Young, and individually for David Crosby and Graham Nash
13.
Long May You Run
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Long May You Run is an album credited to the Stills-Young Band, a collaboration between Stephen Stills and Neil Young, released in 1976 on Reprise Records, catalogue MS2253. It peaked at #26 on the Billboard 200 and certified gold in the U. S. by the RIAA, the album is the sole studio release by Stills and Young in tandem. Following the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young stadium tour of 1974, david Crosby and Graham Nash resumed their partnership as Crosby & Nash, while Stills and Young continued their independent careers. Crosby and Nash signed on as well, and briefly Long May You Run looked to be the awaited CSNY reunion album. Crosby and Nash vowed never to work with again, although less than a year later they would regroup with Stills for a new CSN album in 1977. The Stills-Young Band, comprising Stills current touring band behind the pair, the tour commenced in Clarkston, Michigan on June 23, but after nine dates Young dropped out after July 18 via a telegram to Stills, forcing Stills to complete the concert tour solo through October. The telegram read, Dear Stephen, funny how things that start spontaneously end that way. Young would later cite cryptic personal reasons for his departure, namely that the tour wasnt working, the albums advance single, Long May You Run, peaked at #71 on the UK singles chart. The song was an elegy for Neil Youngs first car, a 1948 Buick Roadmaster hearse that died in 1965 when its transmission blew in Blind River, Ontario
14.
Buffalo Springfield
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Buffalo Springfield was an American-Canadian rock band, formed in Los Angeles in 1966. Their original lineup included Stephen Stills, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Richie Furay, pioneering the folk rock genre, Buffalo Springfield, along with the Byrds, combined elements of folk and country music with British invasion influences into their early works. Their second studio album, Buffalo Springfield Again, marked their progression to psychedelia, with a name taken from a steamroller, the group signed to Atlantic Records in 1966 and released their debut single “Nowadays Clancy Can’t Even Sing - a regional hit in Los Angeles. The following January, the released the protest song they were most prominently known for, For What Its Worth. After various drug-related arrests and line-up changes, the decided to break up in 1968. Stephen Stills went on to form the rock supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash with David Crosby of the Byrds. Neil Young had launched his solo career and reunited with Stills in Crosby, Stills. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, Neil Young and Stephen Stills first crossed paths in 1965, at the Fourth Dimension in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Young was there with The Squires, a Winnipeg group he had been leading since February 1963, and Stills was on tour with The Company, a spin-off from the Au Go Go Singers. When The Company broke up at the end of tour, Stills moved to the West Coast. He had been in a band called Buffalo Fish with fellow Greenwich Village transplant Peter Tork, both agreed, although Koblun chose to leave before very long and joined the group 3s a Crowd. In early 1966 in Toronto, Young met Bruce Palmer, a Canadian who was playing bass for a called the Mynah Birds. In need of a lead guitarist, Palmer invited Young to join the group, the Mynah Birds were set to record an album for Motown Records when their singer Ricky James Matthews was tracked down and arrested by the U. S. Navy for being AWOL. With their record deal canceled, Young and Palmer headed for Los Angeles, the new group debuted on April 11,1966, at The Troubadour in Hollywood. A few days later, they began a tour of California as the opening act on a bill featuring The Dillards. Chris Hillman persuaded the owners of the Whisky a Go Go to give the band an audition, Buffalo Springfield essentially became the house band at the Whisky for seven weeks, from May 2 to June 18,1966. This series of concerts solidified the reputation for exhilarating live performances. It also brought an invitation from Friedman to Dickie Davis, who had been lighting manager for The Byrds, Friedman was fired, and Davis was made the groups tour manager
15.
The Byrds
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The Byrds /ˈbɜːrdz/ were an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn remaining the sole consistent member. Initially, they pioneered the genre of folk rock, melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary. As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock, raga rock. The bands signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinns jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar has continued to be influential on popular music up to the present day, among the bands most enduring songs are their cover versions of Bob Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man and Pete Seegers Turn. Turn. along with the originals, Ill Feel a Whole Lot Better, Eight Miles High, So You Want to Be a Rock n Roll Star, Ballad of Easy Rider. The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. However, this version of the band was relatively short-lived and by early 1966, Clark had left due to associated with anxiety. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby, McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn disbanded the current lineup in early 1973, to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds final album was released in March 1973, with the group disbanding soon afterwards. In the late 1980s, Gene Clark and Michael Clarke both began touring as the Byrds, prompting a legal challenge from McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman over the rights to the bands name. As a result of this, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman performed a series of concerts as the Byrds in 1989 and 1990. In January 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman still remain active but Gene Clark died of a heart attack in May 1991, and Michael Clarke died of liver failure in December 1993. The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music, with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s. McGuinn had also spent time as a songwriter at the Brill Building in New York City. By early 1964, McGuinn had become enamored with the music of the Beatles, soon after, David Crosby introduced himself to the duo at The Troubadour and began harmonizing with them on some of their songs. Impressed by the blend of their voices, the three formed a trio and named themselves the Jet Set, a moniker inspired by McGuinns love of aeronautics
16.
The Hollies
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The Hollies are an English pop/rock group, best known for their pioneering and distinctive three-part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s and it was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in 1962 as a Merseybeat type music group in Manchester, although some of the band members came from towns north of there. Graham Nash left the group in 1968 to form the supergroup Crosby and they enjoyed considerable popularity in many countries, although they did not achieve major US chart success until 1966 with Bus Stop. They are one of the few British pop groups of the early 1960s, along with The Rolling Stones and The Who, in recognition of their achievements, The Hollies were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. The Hollies originated as a duo formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash, eventually Clarke and Nash became a vocal and guitar duo modelled on The Everly Brothers under the names Ricky and Dane Young. Under this name, they teamed up with a band, the Fourtones, consisting of Pete Bocking, John Butch Mepham, Keith Bates. The Deltas first called themselves The Hollies for a December 1962 gig at the Oasis Club in Manchester, in 2009, Nash wrote, We called ourselves The Hollies, after Buddy and Christmas. Richards offered them an audition with Parlophone, but Steele did not want to be a professional musician and their second single, another cover of The Coasters, this time 1957s Searchin, hit No.12. They then scored their first British Top 10 hit in early 1964 with a cover of Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs Stay, which reached No.8 in the UK. It was lifted from the bands Parlophone debut album, Stay with the Hollies, released on 1 January 1964, a version of the album was released in the US as Here I Go Again, on the Hollies US label of the time, Imperial. The Hollies became known for doing cover versions, and they followed up with Just One Look, the hits continued with Here I Go Again. Like their Parlophone labelmates the Beatles, the Hollies albums released in North America would remain very different from their UK counterparts and this was followed by two more cover versions, Yes I Will, and finally the Clint Ballard, Jr. -penned Im Alive. Their second album, In The Hollies Style, did not chart and none of its tracks were released in the US, finally, The Hollies broke through in North America with an original song that they requested from Manchesters Graham Gouldman. Look Through Any Window broke the Hollies into the US Top 40 and into the Canadian top 10 and their third album, simply called Hollies, hit No.8 in the UK in 1965, but failed to chart in the US under the name Hear. Despite its inclusion of Look Through Any Window and Im Alive, the Hollies then returned to the UK Top 10 with I Cant Let Go, their fourth album, Would You Believe. Which included the hit, made it to No.16 in 1966, released in the US as Beat Group. It also failed to crack the US top 100, at this point, a dispute between The Hollies and their management broke out over what bass guitarist Eric Haydock contended were excessive fees being charged to the group by management. As a result, Haydock decided to take a leave of absence from the group, Calvert also played a tour of Yugoslavia with the band in May 1966
17.
Manassas (band)
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Manassas was an American rock band formed by Stephen Stills in 1971. Predominantly a vehicle for Stills’ artistic vision, the band released two albums during its tenure, 1972’s Manassas and 1973’s Down the Road. The band dissolved in October 1973, Manassas was formed in the fall of 1971, following Stills concert tour to support his album Stephen Stills 2. While Stephen Stills 2 was Stills’ second solo album, it was his first completed following the acrimonious 1970 breakup of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and was not critically well received. He subsequently contacted Hillman, asking him, along with Burritos’ guitarist Al Perkins and fiddler Byron Berline, Stills also invited several members of his touring band – drummer Dallas Taylor, bassist Calvin “Fuzzy” Samuels, keyboardist Paul Harris and vocalist/percussionist Joe Lala – to play at the session. The musicians quickly gelled in the studio, and within weeks had recorded enough material at Criteria to fill a double-LP album release. The band was capable of a musical range, with a repertoire including blues, folk, country, latin. Rolling Stones bassist Bill Wyman, a friend of both Hillman and Stills who visited Criteria during the sessions, was an fan of the band. The band’s first album Manassas, a double-LP sporting a photo from the shoot in Virginia, was released in April 1972. Upon returning to the U. S. Manassas then regrouped and quickly completed their second album, down the Road was completed in January 1973. After completing Down the Road, Manassas became dormant for several months, during the break, Stephen Stills married Véronique Sanson, whom he had met in Paris during Manassas’1972 European tour. As Hillman and Crosbys Byrds reunion album was readied for release in March 1973, when this did not materialize, two events occurred instead that effectively doomed Manassas. Shortly thereafter, Crosby and ex-CSNY mate Graham Nash joined Neil Young, the three contacted Stills, who, putting aside the differences that led to CSNYs initial demise, cut short his honeymoon break with Sanson to join the new project. CSNY worked for weeks in both Maui and Los Angeles on the project, Human Highway, but these sessions were ultimately aborted due to various disagreements within the band. Samuels would return to the band for the last leg of its 1973 tour, following the tour’s completion in October, Manassas’s dissolution was publicly announced. When later asked about this occurrence, Chris Hillman would comment “I could smell a CSNY reunion. ”CSNY would, in fact, Chris Hillman’s Souther-Hillman-Furay Band, which would also include Manassas members Al Perkins and Paul Harris, released its first album in early 1974. Manassas is best remembered for their first album, and for their excellence on stage, regarding their first album Manassas, Criteria Studios engineer Howard Albert has said “Manassas was one of the greatest and the most underrated bands of the seventies. That double album, along with Eric Clapton’s Layla – which me and both worked on – stand as the most important and best albums we’ve ever been a part of. ”Of the band’s prowess on stage, Stephen Stills has said “Manassas was such a terrific band
18.
Music of the United States
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The music of the United States reflects the countrys multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish, the United States has the worlds largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is known as the United States. Beginning in the 17th century, immigrants from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Germany, African slaves brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot. Much of modern music can trace its roots to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European, there are also strong African roots in the music tradition of the original white settlers, such as country and bluegrass. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, Modern day music is heavily influenced by previous and present African-American music genres. Some distinct aspects of American music, like the format, are derived from African techniques. Throughout the later part of American history, and into modern times, the Civil War, and the period following it, saw a general flowering of American art, literature and music. Amateur musical ensembles of this era can be seen as the birth of American popular music, Music author David Ewen describes these early amateur bands as combining the depth and drama of the classics with undemanding technique, eschewing complexity in favor of direct expression. If it was music, the words would be in English. In a way, it was part of the awakening of America that happened after the Civil War, a time in which American painters, writers. Music intertwines with aspects of American social and cultural identity, including through social class, race and ethnicity, geography, religion, language, gender, the relationship between music and race is perhaps the most potent determiner of musical meaning in the United States. The development of an African American musical identity, out of disparate sources from Africa, little documentation exists of colonial-era African American music, when styles, songs, and instruments from across West Africa commingled in the melting pot of slavery. In contrast, country music derives from both African and European, as well as Native American and Hawaiian, traditions and yet has long been perceived as a form of white music. Country music is also intertwined with identity, and is specifically rural in origin and function, other genres, like R&B. For much of American history, music-making has been a feminized activity, in the 19th century, amateur piano and singing were considered proper for middle- and upper-class women
19.
Counterculture of the 1960s
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Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. This embracing of creativity is particularly notable in the works of British Invasion bands such as the Beatles, in addition to the trendsetting Beatles, many other creative artists, authors, and thinkers, within and across many disciplines, helped define the counterculture movement. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from the movements of previous eras. Post-war affluence allowed many of the generation to move beyond a focus on the provision of the material necessities of life that had preoccupied their Depression-era parents. The counterculture era essentially commenced in earnest with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, poor outcomes from some of these activities set the stage for disillusionment with, and distrust of, post-war governments. In the US, President Dwight D, the Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the US along political and military lines. In the UK, the Profumo Affair also involved establishment leaders being caught in deception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a catalyst for liberal activism. The Cuban Missile Crisis, which brought the world to the brink of war in October 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in November 1963, many social issues fueled the growth of the larger counterculture movement. On college and university campuses, student activists fought for the right to exercise their constitutional rights, especially freedom of speech. The availability of new and more effective forms of control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution. With this change in attitude, by the 1990s the ratio of children out of wedlock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites. The end of censorship resulted in a reformation of the western film industry. Communes, collectives, and intentional communities regained popularity during this era, Some of these self-sustaining communities have been credited with the birth and propagation of the international Green Movement. The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual consciousness, yoga, occult practices, in 1957, 69% of US residents polled by Gallup said religion was increasing in influence. By the late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that belief, the Generation Gap, or the inevitable perceived divide in worldview between the old and young, was perhaps never greater than during the counterculture era. Ultimately, practical and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms of T-shirts, many began to live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from their governments. The confrontations between college students and law enforcement officials became one of the hallmarks of the era, many younger people began to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as fuzz and pig as derogatory epithets for police reappeared, and became key words within the counterculture lexicon
20.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
21.
Last Time Around
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Last Time Around is the third and final album by folk rock band Buffalo Springfield. Released 1968, it featured Neil Young, Stephen Stills, Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, and Jim Messina, who worked as producer. Last Time Around was released to fulfill contractual commitments, by the time it was completed the group had functionally disbanded, nowhere do all members appear together on any track, and even the cover photo of the group is a montage. Bruce Palmer appeared on six tracks, On the Way Home, Its So Hard to Wait, Pretty Girl Why, Uno Mundo, Merry-Go-Round and his face and name were both omitted from the album sleeve. The lyrics to The Hour of Not Quite Rain were the result of an August 1967 contest run by Los Angeles radio station KHJ, entrants would write a poem to be set to music and recorded by the Buffalo Springfield. The prize was $1000 plus publishing royalties, the winning entry was written by Micki Callen. The album did contain three songs that were important to the authors. Neil Young performed I Am a Child in live sets throughout his career. Kind Woman become one of Richie Furays best known tunes, he performed it with Poco, Stephen Stills merged Questions with another song to create Carry On, which appeared on Déjà Vu and was a major part of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Youngs concert repertoire. Side One On the Way Home –2,25 Recorded November 15-December 13,1967, Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, vocals, Richie Furay, Neil Young, bass, Bruce Palmer, piano, Neil Young. Its So Hard to Wait –2,03 Recorded March 9,1968, Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, lead vocals, Richie Furay, bass, Bruce Palmer. Pretty Girl Why –2,24 Recorded February 26 & May 1967, Sound Recorders, Hollywood and Atlantic Studios, lead vocals, Stephen Stills, bass, Bruce Palmer. Jim Fielder version recorded February 26,1967 at Atlantic Studios, NYC, was unfinished, four Days Gone –2,53 Recorded late 1967-early 1968. Carefree Country Day –2,35 Recorded late 1967-early 1968, special Care –3,30 Recorded January 3–20,1968. Lead vocals, Stephen Stills, drums, Buddy Miles, side Two The Hour of Not Quite Rain –3,45 Recorded late 1967-February 1968. Questions –2,52 Recorded February 16,1968, Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, lead vocals, Stephen Stills, bass, Bruce Palmer, drums, Jimmy Karstein. I Am a Child –2,15 Recorded February 5,1968, Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, lead vocals, Neil Young, bass, Gary Marker. Merry-Go-Round –2,02 Recorded February 16-March 1968, Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, lead vocals, Richie Furay, bass, Bruce Palmer, drums, Jimmy Karstein
22.
Schooner
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A schooner /ˈskuːnər/ is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts, the foremast being shorter than the main and no taller than the mizzen if there is one. While the schooner was originally gaff-rigged, modern schooners typically carry a Bermuda rig, such vessels were first used by the Dutch in the 16th or 17th century. They were further developed in North America from the early 18th century, the most common type, with two masts, were popular in trades requiring speed and windward ability, such as slaving, privateering, blockade running, and offshore fishing. In the Chesapeake Bay area several distinctive schooner types evolved, including the Baltimore clipper, bugeye, schooners were also popular among pirates in the West Indies during the Golden Age of Piracy, for their speed and agility. They could also sail in shallow waters, and while being smaller than other ships of the time period. Schooners first evolved in the late 17th century from a variety of small two-masted gaff-rigged vessels used in the coast, most were working craft but some pleasure yachts with schooner rigs were built for wealthy merchants and Dutch nobility. Following the arrival of the Dutch monarch William of Orange on the British throne and this vessel, captured in a detailed Admiralty model, is the earliest fully documented schooner. Royal Transport was quickly noted for its speed and ease of handling, North American shipbuilders quickly developed a variety of schooner forms for trading, fishing and privateering. According to the language scholar Walter William Skeat, the term comes from scoon. The Dutch word schoone means nice, good looking, robinson replied, A schooner let her be. The launch is variously described as being in 1713 or 1745, naval architects such as Howard Chapelle have dismissed this invention story as a childish fable, but some language scholars feel that the legend may support a Gloucester origin of the word. Other sources state the etymology as unknown and uncertain, the first detailed definition of a schooner, describing the vessel as two-masted vessel with fore and aft gaff-rigged sails appeared in 1769 in William Falconers, Universal Dictionary of the Marine. Although a schooner may have up to four masts, the schooner has only two, with the foremast shorter than the mainmast. There may be a bowsprit to help balance the rig, the principal issue with a schooner sail plan is how to fill the space between the two masts most effectively. Traditional schooners were rigged, and the trapezoid shape of the foresail occupied the inter-mast space to good effect, with a useful sail area. A Bermuda rigged schooner typically has four sails, a mainsail, a main staysail abaft the foremast, plus a forestaysail. An advantage of the schooner is that it is easily handled and reefed by a small crew. The main staysail will not overlap the mainsail, and so little to prepare the wind for the mainsail
23.
Jefferson Airplane
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Jefferson Airplane was a rock band based in San Francisco, California, who pioneered psychedelic rock. Formed in 1965, the group defined the San Francisco Sound and was the first from the Bay Area to achieve commercial success. They were headliners at the three most famous American rock festivals of the 1960s—Monterey, Woodstock and Altamont —and the first Isle of Wight Festival in England and their 1967 break-out album Surrealistic Pillow ranks on the short list of most significant recordings of the Summer of Love. Two songs from album, Somebody to Love and White Rabbit, are among Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The classic lineup of Jefferson Airplane, from October 1966 to February 1970, was Marty Balin, Paul Kantner, Grace Slick, Jorma Kaukonen, Jack Casady, the group broke up in 1972 and split into two bands, Hot Tuna and Jefferson Starship. Jefferson Airplane was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and was presented with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016, in 1962, 20-year-old Marty Balin recorded two singles for Challenge Records, neither of which were successful. Balin then joined a group called The Town Criers from 1963 to 1964. After the Beatles-led British invasion of 1964, Balin was inspired by the success of the Byrds and Simon & Garfunkel in merging folk with rock to form a group in 1965 that would follow that lead. With a group of investors, Balin purchased a former pizza parlor on Fillmore Street, which he converted to a club, the Matrix. Balin met folk musician Paul Kantner at another club, the Drinking Gourd. Kantner, a native San Franciscan, had started out performing on the Bay Area folk circuit in the early 1960s, alongside fellow folkies Jerry Garcia, David Crosby, Kantner has cited folk groups like the Kingston Trio and the Weavers as strong early influences. He briefly moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1964 to work in a duo with future Airplane/Starship member David Freiberg. Balin and Kantner then recruited other musicians to form the band at the Matrix. After hearing female vocalist Signe Toly Anderson at the Drinking Gourd, Anderson sang with the band for a year and performed on their first album before departing in October 1966 after the birth of her first child. Kantner next recruited an old friend, blues guitarist Jorma Kaukonen, Kaukonen had moved to California in the early 1960s and met Kantner while at Santa Clara University in 1962. Kaukonen came up with the name, based on the name of a friends dog. A2007 press release quoted Kaukonen as saying, I had this friend in Berkeley who came up with names for people. His name for me was Blind Thomas Jefferson Airplane, when the guys were looking for band names and nobody could come up with something, I remember saying, You want a silly band name
24.
Paul Kantner
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Paul Lorin Kantner was an American rock musician. He is best known as the co-founder, rhythm guitarist, and occasional vocalist of Jefferson Airplane and he continued these roles as a member of Jefferson Starship, Jefferson Airplanes successor band. Jefferson Airplane formed in 1965 when Kantner met Marty Balin, Kantner eventually became the leader of the group and led it through its highly successful late 1960s period. In 1970, while active with Jefferson Airplane, Kantner and several Bay Area musicians recorded a one-off side project under the name Paul Kantner. Jefferson Airplane continued to record and perform until 1972, when the band officially broke up, Kantner revived the Jefferson Starship name and continued to record and perform with that band until his death in 2016. Kantner had the longest continuous membership with the band, with 19 years in the run of Jefferson Airplane. At times, he was the only founding Jefferson Airplane member to remain in Jefferson Starship and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Jefferson Airplane in 1996. Kantner was born on March 17,1941, in San Francisco, California, Kantner had a half-brother and a half-sister by his fathers first marriage, both much older than he. His father was of German descent, and his mother was of French and his mother died when he was eight years old, and Kantner remembered that he was not allowed to attend her funeral. His father sent him to the circus instead, after his mothers death, his father, who was a traveling salesman, sent young Kantner to Catholic military boarding school. At age eight or nine, in the library, he read his first science fiction book, finding an escape by immersing himself in science fiction. As a teenager he went into revolt against all forms of authority. He attended Saint Marys College High School, Santa Clara University and San Jose State College, during the summer of 1965, singer Marty Balin saw Kantner perform at the Drinking Gourd, a San Francisco folk club, and invited him to co-found a new band, Jefferson Airplane. When the group needed a lead guitarist, Kantner recommended Jorma Kaukonen, as rhythm guitarist and one of the bands singers, Kantner was the only musician to appear on all albums recorded by Jefferson Airplane as well as Jefferson Starship. Kantners songwriting often featured whimsical or political lyrics with a science-fiction or fantasy theme, usually set to music that had a hard rock and he also wrote, with David Crosby and Stephen Stills, the song Wooden Ships, though for contractual reasons he was not credited initially. With Jefferson Airplane, Kantner was among the performers at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1966 and the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and the Woodstock Festival in 1969. Recalling Woodstock 40 years later, Kantner stated, “We were due to be on stage at 10pm on the Saturday night but we actually get on until 7. 30am the following day. ”Later in 1969, the group also played at Altamont. Kantner appears in the film about the Altamont concert, Gimme Shelter
25.
Joni Mitchell
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Roberta Joan Joni Mitchell, CC is a Canadian singer-songwriter and painter. Drawing from folk, pop, rock and jazz, Mitchells songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance, confusion, disillusionment, Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatchewan and western Canada before busking in the streets and shoddy nightclubs of Toronto. In 1965, she moved to the United States and began touring, some of her original songs were covered by folk singers, allowing her to sign with Reprise Records and record her debut album in 1968. Settling in Southern California, Mitchell, with songs like Big Yellow Taxi and Woodstock, helped define an era. Her 1971 recording Blue was rated the 30th best album made in Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Mitchell switched labels and began moving toward jazz rhythms by way of lush pop textures on 1974s Court and Spark, her best-selling LP, featuring the radio hits Help Me, around 1975 her vocal range began to shift from mezzo-soprano to more of a wide-ranging contralto. She turned again toward pop, embraced electronic music, and engaged in political protest and she is the sole producer credited on most of her albums, including all her work in the 1970s. A blunt critic of the industry, she quit touring and released her 17th. With roots in art, Mitchell designed her own album covers. She describes herself as a painter derailed by circumstance, Mitchell was born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7,1943, in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada, the daughter of Myrtle Marguerite and William Andrew Anderson. Her mothers ancestors were Scottish and Irish, her father was from a Norwegian family and her father was a Royal Canadian Air Force flight lieutenant who instructed new pilots at RCAF Station Fort Macleod, where the Allied forces were gathering to learn to fly during World War II. During those years, she moved with her parents to various bases in western Canada, after the war, her father began working as a grocer, and his work took the family to Saskatchewan, to the towns of Maidstone and North Battleford. She later sang about her upbringing in Song for Sharon. In Maidstone they lived beside the track, where Mitchell waved at the only train that passed through each day. Many of the residents were First Nations people. Mitchell seemed athletic rather than academic, but still responded to her mothers love of literature and her fathers love of music, at age nine, Mitchell contracted polio in an epidemic, and was hospitalised for weeks. No longer athletic, she turned her thoughts to her creative talent, by nine, she was a smoker, she denies claims that smoking has affected her voice. At 11, she moved with her family to the city of Saskatoon and she responded badly to formal education, preferring a freethinking outlook, and was drawn to art, a pursuit often regarded as peripheral at the time
26.
Cass Elliot
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Cass Elliot, also known as Mama Cass, was an American singer and actress, best known as a member of The Mamas & the Papas. After the group broke up, she released five solo albums, in 1998, Elliot, John Phillips, Denny Doherty, and Michelle Phillips were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for their work as The Mamas & the Papas. Ellen Naomi Cohen was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the daughter of Philip Cohen, both her parents were the children of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire. Her father owned a business, and her mother was a trained nurse. Elliot had a brother Joseph and a younger sister Leah, who became a singer as a member of the Coyote Sisters. The Cohens later moved to Alexandria, Virginia, Elliot adopted the name Cass in high school, possibly borrowing it from actress Peggy Cass, as Denny Doherty tells it. She assumed the surname Elliot some time later, in memory of a friend who had died, Elliot attended George Washington High School, along with Jim Morrison of The Doors. While still attending George Washington High School, Elliot became interested in acting and was cast in a production of the play The Boy Friend. She left high school shortly before graduation and moved to New York City to further her acting career, americas folk music scene was on the rise when Elliot met banjoist and singer Tim Rose and singer John Brown, and the three began performing as The Triumvirate. In 1963, James Hendricks replaced Brown, and the trio was renamed The Big 3, Elliots first recording with The Big 3 was Winkin, Blinkin and Nod, released by FM Records in 1963. Tim Rose left The Big 3 in 1964, and Elliot and Hendricks teamed with Canadians Zal Yanovsky and this group lasted eight months, after which Cass performed as a solo act for a while. In the meantime, Yanovsky and John Sebastian co-founded The Lovin Spoonful, while Doherty joined The New Journeymen, in 1965, Doherty persuaded Phillips that Elliot should join the group, which she did while she and the group members were vacationing in the Virgin Islands. Elliot confirmed the story in a 1968 interview with Rolling Stone magazine, saying, Its true, I did get hit on the head by a pipe that fell down and they were tearing this club apart in the islands, revamping it, putting in a dance floor. Workmen dropped a thin metal plumbing pipe and it hit me on the head, I had a concussion and went to the hospital. I had a bad headache for two weeks and all of a sudden I was singing higher. With two female members, The New Journeymen needed a new name, according to Doherty, Elliot had the inspiration for the bands new name, as written on his website, Were all just lying around vegging out watching TV and discussing names for the group. The New Journeymen was not a handle that was going to hang on this outfit, John was pushing for The Magic Cyrcle. Eech, but none of us could come up with anything better, then we switch the channel and, hey, and the first thing we hear is, Now hold on there, Hoss
27.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
28.
Apple Records
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Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968, as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as an outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger. In practice, by the mid-1970s, the roster had become dominated with releases by the former Beatles as solo artists, Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973. It was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and he retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones. At this time, the Beatles were contracted to EMIs Parlophone label in the United Kingdom, in a new distribution deal, EMI and Capitol agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1975, while EMI retained ownership of the Beatles recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number, Apple 1, was a pressing of Frank Sinatra singing Maureen Is a Champ to the melody of The Lady Is a Tramp for Ringo Starrs then-wife Maureen. BeatlesandBeyond Radio presenter Pete Dicks reports that the title is actually Lady is a Champ, in 1969, the Beatles were in need of financial and managerial direction and Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, manager of the Rolling Stones at the time. Klein went on to manage Apple, by virtue of his support from the Beatles. McCartney had suggested his then new father-in-law Lee Eastman for the job, after Klein took control of Apple, several sub-divisions, including Apple Electronics, were shut down, and some of Apple Records artistic roster effectively dropped. Thereafter, new signings were not so numerous, and tended to arrive through the actions of ex-Beatles. McCartney had little input into Apple Records roster after 1970, Klein managed Apple Corp. until March 1973 when his contract expired. In May 1971, the Beatles entire pre-Apple catalogue on the American Capitol label were re-issued on the Apple label, after Kleins departure, Apple was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and their heirs. Apple Records distribution contract with EMI expired in 1976 and control of the Beatles catalogue, including solo recordings to date by George Harrison, John Lennon and Ringo Starr, reverted to EMI. The original UK versions of the Beatles albums were released worldwide on compact disc in 1987 and 1988 on the Parlophone label, previously, Abbey Road had been issued on CD by the EMI-Odeon label in Japan in the early 1980s. Although this was a release, it was not authorised by the Beatles. Following the settlement of Apples ten-year lawsuit against EMI in 1989, new projects began to forward, including the Live at the BBC album. It was after the Anthology project that the company resumed making large profits again
29.
Ahmet Ertegun
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Ahmet Ertegun (/ˈɑːmɛt ˈɛərtəɡən/, Turkish spelling, Ahmet Ertegün, was a Turkish-American businessman, songwriter and philanthropist. He was best known as the co-founder and president of Atlantic Records and he also wrote classic blues and pop songs, and served as the chairman of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and museum, located in Cleveland, Ohio. Ertegun has been described as one of the most significant figures in the recording industry. He was also a significant figure in fostering ties between the U. S. and Turkey, his birthplace and he served as the chairman of the American Turkish Society for over 20 years until his death. He also co-founded the New York Cosmos soccer team of the original North American Soccer League. Born in Istanbul in 1923 to an aristocratic Turkish family, Ertegun and his family, including elder brother Nesuhi, moved to Washington, D. C. in 1935, with their father, Munir. Munir served as the second Ambassador of the then-young Republic of Turkey to the United States of America. Prior to his appointment as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Turkey to Washington, Erteguns mother was Hayrünnisa, an accomplished musician who played keyboard and stringed instruments. She bought the records of the day, to which Ertegun. His older brother Nesuhi introduced him to music, taking him at the age of nine to see the Duke Ellington. When Ahmet was 14, his mother bought him a record-cutting machine, although he attended Landon School, an affluent all-male private school in Bethesda, Maryland, Ahmet would joke I got my real education at Howard—Howard University being a historically black college. Despite his affluent upbringing, Ertegun began to see a different world from his affluent peers, Ahmet and Nesuhi staged concerts by Lester Young, Sidney Bechet and other jazz giants, often at the Jewish Community Center. In this period of segregation, it was the only place that would allow an ethnically mixed audience. They also traveled to New Orleans and to Harlem to listen to music, Ertegun graduated from St. Johns College in Annapolis in 1944. In November of the year, Munir Ertegun died. In 1946 President Harry Truman ordered the battleship USS Missouri to return his body to Turkey as a demonstration of friendship between the USA and Turkey and this act also served as a show of support to counter the Soviet Unions potential political demands on Turkey. At the time of his fathers death, Ahmet was taking courses in Medieval philosophy at Georgetown University. Soon afterward, the returned to Turkey to stay
30.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
31.
Clive Davis
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Clive Jay Davis is an American record producer, A&R executive and music industry executive. He has won five Grammy Awards and is a member of the Rock, from 1967 to 1973, Davis was the president of Columbia Records. He was the founder and president of Arista Records from 1975 through 2000 until founding J Records, from 2002 until April 2008, Davis was the chairman and CEO of the RCA Music Group, chairman and CEO of J Records, and chairman and CEO of BMG North America. Currently Davis is the chief officer of Sony Music Entertainment. He currently plays a part in the careers of TLC, Rod Stewart, Air Supply, Alicia Keys, Barry Manilow, Christina Aguilera, Carlos Santana, Kelly Clarkson, Leona Lewis, Davis is also credited with bringing Whitney Houston and Barry Manilow to prominence. Davis was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family and his father was an electrician and salesman. Davis was raised in the neighborhood of Crown Heights, Brooklyn. His mother died at age 47, and his father died the year when Davis was only a teenager. He then moved in with his sister in Bayside, Queens, New York City. He received a scholarship to New York University College of Arts and Science. He received a scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he was a member of the Board of Student Advisers. Davis practiced law in a firm in New York, then moved on to the firm of Rosenman, Colin, Kaye, Petschek. Davis was subsequently hired by a colleague at the firm, Harvey Schein, to become assistant counsel of CBS subsidiary Columbia Records at age 28. As part of a reorganization of Columbia Records Group, group president Goddard Lieberson appointed Davis as administrative vice president, in 1966, CBS formed the Columbia-CBS Group which reorganized CBSs recorded music operations into CBS Records with Davis heading the new unit. The next year, Davis was appointed president and became interested in the newest generation of rock and rock. One of his earliest pop signings was the British folk-rock musician Donovan, in June 1967, at the urging of his friend and business associate Lou Adler, Davis attended the Monterey Pop Festival. The company, which had previously avoided rock music, doubled its share in three years. One of the most commercially successful recordings released during Davis tenure at Columbia was Lynn Andersons Rose Garden and it was Davis who insisted Rose Garden be the country singers next single release
32.
Richie Furay
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His best known song was Kind Woman, which he wrote for his wife, Nancy. Before Buffalo Springfield, Furay performed with Stills in the group, the Au Go Go Singers. In the late 1960s he formed the rock band Poco with Jim Messina. This band, while influential to many country rock acts. Furays bes- known songs, Pickin Up The Pieces and Good Feelin To Know, however, have reached classic status, Furay left Poco in 1974 to form the Souther Hillman Furay Band. It was during this time that Al Perkins, the pedal steel guitar player. His newfound faith helped him rebuild his troubled marriage, to support the release of this album Furay formed an alliance with David Geffen and Asylum Records. Furay assured Geffen that his album would be Christian influenced but would not be an attempt to preach his newfound beliefs, ive Got a Reason did, however, establish Furay as a pioneer in Christian Rock. The title track of his album, the secular I Still Have Dreams. Overall, his albums charted unsatisfactorily, and, compounded with the strain of touring wearing on him and his family, he hung up his rock, in 1983 Furay became senior pastor of the Calvary Chapel in Broomfield, Colorado, a non-sectarian Christian church in the Denver area. He continues to perform as a solo artist, and very occasionally with Poco and he toured as an opening act for America and Linda Ronstadt during the Summer of 2006. The 2006 release of his CD The Heartbeat of Love returned Furay to his country rock roots with a contemporary flair. In 2007 he toured with a new formation of the Richie Furay Band, at the Boulder and Bluebird Theatres in Colorado they recorded a double live CD ALIVE. The ALIVE set covers 29 songs of Furays career, the Richie Furay band continued to tour through 2008 and 2009. Furay appeared with Poco for several shows in early 2009, schmit reuniting the Poco lineup that achieved the most critical acclaim. Richie regrouped with Buffalo Springfield for a 2011 tour, headlining 2011 Bonnaroo with them, in July 2011, Furay announced on his Facebook page that he would be touring with Buffalo Springfield in early 2012, ending speculation there would be a 2011 fall tour with them. From 2011 to 2015 Furay collaborates with The Piedmont Brothers Band as lead vocalist of some songs recorded in the album PBB III, Back to the Country, Richie appears on the April 2013 Carla Olson album Have Harmony, Will Travel. They sing the Gene Clark Byrds classic She Dont Care About Time with Richard Podolor on mandolin, in 2015 he released his latest CD Hand in Hand
33.
Poco
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Poco is a Southern California country rock band originally formed by Richie Furay, Jim Messina and Rusty Young. Formed following the demise of Buffalo Springfield in 1968, Poco was part of the first wave of the West Coast country rock genre, the title of their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is a reference to the break-up of Buffalo Springfield. Throughout the years Poco has performed in various groupings, and is still active, during recording of Buffalo Springfields third and final album, Last Time Around, lead singers Stephen Stills, Neil Young and Richie Furay each recorded songs without the other members present. One of Furays solo efforts was the country-influenced ballad Kind Woman, when Buffalo Springfield split up, Furay, Messina and Rusty Young decided to start their own group oriented toward such songs. Its original lineup was Furay, Messina, Rusty Young, George Grantham, the group was signed to a recording contract with Epic Records, which acquired the rights to Furay from the Springfields Atlantic Records label in return for those to Graham Nash of The Hollies. Originally, the new group was named Pogo, after the Pogo comic strip character and their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is considered a seminal album of the country rock genre. However, the album performed weakly, peaking at No.63 on Billboard album chart, the bands lineup proved to be a problem throughout its career. During the recording of the album, Meisner left the group as a result of a conflict with Furay. After a stint playing with Ricky Nelsons Stone Canyon Band, Meisner later became a member of the Eagles. Messina briefly took over on bass until Timothy B, Schmit joined the band in September 1969. Their second studio album Poco again resulted in low sales, peaking at No.58, the bands next album, Deliverin, picked up moderate airplay, Furays Cmon hitting No.69. Deliverin’ became Pocos first album to reach the Top 40 on the Billboard 200, Messina chose to leave the band in October 1970, feeling Furay exhibited too much control over the groups sound and left the band to return to studio production. At the recommendation of Peter Cetera of Chicago, Messina selected guitarist/singer Paul Cotton, the realigned Poco, now on its third lineup on just its fourth album, hired Steve Cropper as producer and released From the Inside. Again, poor sales were the result as the release landed at No.52, the band and its management were dissatisfied with Croppers production and hired Jack Richardson, who oversaw the next three albums, beginning with A Good Feelin to Know. The band built the LP around the track, a popular concert tune. The album itself peaked at No.69, as a result, Furay became increasingly discouraged with Pocos prospects, especially since ex-bandmates Stills, Young, Meisner and Messina were so successful with their respective groups. In an April 26,1973 Rolling Stone magazine interview with Cameron Crowe he vented that Poco was still an act and had not increased its audience. The next album, Crazy Eyes, reached No.38 but Furay departed at its release and joined with J. D. Souther, Poco decided not to replace Furay and continued as a quartet
34.
Suite: Judy Blue Eyes
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Suite, Judy Blue Eyes is a suite of short songs written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash. It appeared on the groups self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, the song is ranked #418 on Rolling Stone′s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In Canada, Suite, Judy Blue Eyes peaked at number 11, the title is a play on words for Sweet Judy Blue Eyes. The song is a suite in the classical sense, the recording features an acoustic guitar tuned to EEEEBE vs. the standard EADGBE tuning. This style of tuning would later be used for the Déjà Vu songs 4+20, CSN performed Suite, Judy Blue Eyes at the Woodstock and Live Aid festivals, and their performance at the former is featured in the film Woodstock. Collins is known for her piercing blue eyes, during a July 15,2007 interview for the National Public Radio program Just Roll Tape, Stills revealed that Collins was present in the studio when the demo tapes were recorded. Collins had advised Stills not to all night. Stills later commented that the breakup was imminent. we were too large for one house. Stills said that he liked parts of this version of Suite. Collins and Stills had met in 1967 and dated for two years, in 1969, she was appearing in the New York Shakespeare Festival musical production of Peer Gynt and had fallen in love with her co-star Stacy Keach, eventually leaving Stills for him. Stills was devastated by the breakup and wrote the song as a response to his sadness. And of course it has lines in it that referred to my therapy, and so he wove that all together in this magnificent creation. So the legacy of our relationship is certainly in that song, the final section of the song is included on 4 Way Street, the CSNY live album. It fades in on the opening of one of the album. Suite, Judy Blue Eyes has four distinct sections, the timings below are for the full album version. The first section is a pop song with four verses, featuring a chorus of I am yours, you are mine. Running at approximately 2,56, the vocal is performed by Stills, with Crosby. This section runs from 2,56 to 4,43, the third section is more upbeat and features poetic lyrics, lasting from 4,43 to 6,25
35.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
36.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
37.
Steve Winwood
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Stephen Lawrence Steve Winwood is an English musician whose genres include rock, blue-eyed soul, rhythm and blues, blues rock, pop rock, and jazz. Though primarily a vocalist and keyboardist, Winwood also plays guitar, drums, acoustic and electric guitar, mandolin, violin. Winwood was a key member of The Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, Blind Faith and Go. He also had a solo career with hits including While You See a Chance, Valerie, Back in the High Life Again. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Traffic in 2004, in 2005, Winwood was honoured as a BMI Icon at the annual BMI London Awards for his enduring influence on generations of music makers. In 2008, Rolling Stone ranked Winwood #33 in its 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, Winwood has won two Grammy Awards. He was nominated twice for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist,1988 and 1989, like Eric Clapton, he has been part of many bands, including Traffic, The Spencer Davis Group, and Blind Faith. Stephen Lawrence Winwood was born in Handsworth, Birmingham and his father, Lawrence, a foundryman by trade, was a semi-professional musician, playing mainly the saxophone and clarinet. Young Winwood became interested in swing and Dixieland jazz as a boy, began playing piano at age four and he first performed with his father and older brother, Muff, in the Ron Atkinson Band at the age of eight. Winwood was a choirboy at St Johns Church of England, Perry Barr and he later admitted to having sneaked a few plays of the organ there. While he was young the family moved from Handsworth to the semi-rural suburb of Great Barr at the northern edge of the city. Winwood attended the Great Barr School which was one of the first comprehensive schools and he also attended the Birmingham and Midland Institute of Music to develop his skills as a pianist, but did not complete his course. B. At this time, Winwood was living on Atlantic Road in Great Barr, Winwood modelled his singing after Ray Charles. Winwood joined the Spencer Davis Group at age 14, along with his brother, Muff. Steves distinctive high tenor singing voice and vocal style drew comparisons to Ray Charles, at the end of 1965 the group had their first number one single with Keep On Running and the money from this success allowed Winwood to buy his own Hammond B-3 organ. During this time Winwood joined forces with guitarist Eric Clapton as part of the one-off group Eric Clapton, songs were recorded for the Elektra label, but only three tracks made the compilation album, Whats Shakin. Winwood co-wrote and recorded the hits Gimme Some Lovin and Im a Man before leaving the Spencer Davis Group, Winwood met drummer Jim Capaldi, guitarist Dave Mason, and multi-instrumentalist Chris Wood when they jammed together at The Elbow Room, a club in Aston, Birmingham. After Winwood left the Spencer Davis Group in April 1967, the quartet formed Traffic, soon thereafter, they rented a cottage near the rural village of Aston Tirrold, Berkshire to write and rehearse new music
38.
Blind Faith
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Blind Faith was an English blues rock band, composed of Eric Clapton, Ginger Baker, Steve Winwood, and Ric Grech. The band, which was one of the first super-groups, released their album, Blind Faith. They were stylistically similar to the bands in which Winwood, Baker and they helped to pioneer the genre of blues/rock fusion. The beginnings of Blind Faith begin in mid-1968, with the break-up of Cream, despite that success, the band was crumbling from within because of frequent animosity between Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker, with Eric Clapton doing his best to mediate. In addition, Clapton had tired of playing blues and hoped to move forward with a new, experimental. Steve Winwood was facing problems in The Spencer Davis Group. Winwood wanted to experiment with the sound by infusing jazz elements. That band split temporarily in 1969, and Winwood started to jam with his good friend Clapton in Claptons basement in Surrey, Winwood and Clapton had previously collaborated on the Powerhouse project. Clapton was pleased with the jam sessions, but was hesitant to start a serious group, Ginger Baker turned up again one day to sit in with them in 1969, and the band took near-final form. Clapton questioned letting Baker in the band, because he had promised Jack Bruce that, if they were to work with one another again, all three of them would play. Moreover, Clapton didnt want to reunite with Cream barely nine weeks after the break-up, by May 1969, Ric Grech, bassist with Family, was invited to join them. News of the formation created a buzz of excitement among the public and press. The group debuted at a concert at Londons Hyde Park on 7 June 1969. Clapton, knowing the band had not rehearsed enough and was unprepared, was reluctant to tour, because Steve Winwood was signed to Island Records, he had to be leased to Polydor Records. Possibly as part of deal, a promotional single was released by Island. It was a single announcing the fact that they were moving their offices, titled Change Of Address From 23 June 1969, the one-sided promo featured an instrumental jam by the group which was not mentioned on the label. Recorded at Olympic, probably sometime between March and May 1969, it is thought that around 500 copies of the single were pressed, mostly sent to UK disc jockeys and other music industry insiders. The track was released widely when it appeared as a bonus track on the two-CD Deluxe Edition of the Blind Faith album in 2000
39.
Crazy Horse (band)
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Crazy Horse is an American rock band best known for their association with Neil Young. They have also released six albums of their own, issued between 1971 and 2009. Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina have been the consistent members of the band. On four of Crazy Horses studio albums, Talbot and Molina serve as the section to an entirely different group of musicians. The latter two would become the members of Crazy Horse present in every incarnation of the band. In San Francisco as the Psyrcle, Sly Stone produced their 45 on Lorna and this lineup recorded the Rockets only album, a self-titled set released in 1968 on White Whale Records. With their album complete, the Rockets reconnected with Neil Young, credited to Neil Young with Crazy Horse, Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere includes the Top 100 pop hit Cinnamon Girl and the extended guitar workouts Down by the River and Cowgirl in the Sand. Crazy Horse toured with Young during the first half of 1969 and, with the addition of Jack Nitzsche on electric piano, the 1970 tour was showcased on the 2006 album Live at the Fillmore East. Young would later opine that some of the stuff, Nitzsche was in the way tonally, Crazy Horse was so good with the two guitars, bass and drums it didnt need anything else. Although Nitzsche disdained the rhythm section of Talbot and Molina, he retrospectively lauded Whitten as the black man in the band. When Young returned to his album in 1970, Crazy Horse found its participation more limited. Crazy Horse capitalized on its exposure and recorded its eponymous debut album for Reprise Records that year. Stewart would record the three times and score a hit with it on the same number of occasions—including a UK No.1 in 1977 as a double A-side with The First Cut Is the Deepest. In 1988 the song would become a hit in the UK again. Two songs from the album were covered by Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, Beggars Day appears on Nazareths Hair of the Dog, the band released two albums with different lineups in 1972, Loose and At Crooked Lake. After Whittens death and the reception accorded to both albums, Talbot and Molina were the only full-fledged members of the band. They let the Crazy Horse name go unused without retiring it altogether, in mid-1973, Young brought together a band comprising Talbot, Molina, Lofgren, and pedal steel guitarist Ben Keith to record Tonights the Night, the majority of which eventually saw release in 1975. It was great, Talbot would say of the coming together and it was the first time we heard the Horse since Danny Whitten died
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