Cruise control
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Cruise control is a system that automatically controls the speed of an automobile. The system is a servomechanism that takes over the car's throttle to maintain a steady speed set by the driver.
Cruise command push button on the left of the dashboard of a 1967 AMC Ambassador
Cruise control on a Citroën Xsara
Cruise control on a 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee steering wheel
Cruise control unit in the speedometer-cable and vacuum valve
PID controller
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A proportional–integral–derivative controller, or three-term controller, is a feedback-based control loop mechanism commonly used to manage machines and processes that require continuous control and a
Cruise control
…A vehicle with adaptive cruise control is considered an Level 1 autonomous car, as defined by SAE International. Proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID), a fundamental control concept used in car cruise control Lane centering…
Early PID theory was developed by observing the actions of helmsmen in keeping a vessel on course in the face of varying influences such as wind and sea state.
Pneumatic PID (three-term) controller. The magnitudes of the three terms (P, I and D) are adjusted by the dials at the top.
Typical setup for temperature controlling process. From left to right: resistance thermometer, Delta DTK4848V01 temperature controller with PID function, a solid-state relay
Response of PV to step change of SP vs time, for three values of Kp (Ki and Kd held constant)