1.
Terry Zwigoff
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Terry Zwigoff is an American filmmaker whose work often deals with misfits, antiheroes, and themes of alienation. Zwigoff was born in Appleton, Wisconsin to a Jewish family of dairy farmers, raised in Chicago, Zwigoff moved to San Francisco in the 1970s and met cartoonist Robert Crumb, who shared his interest in pre-war American roots music. Zwigoff, who plays cello and mandolin, joined Crumb’s string band R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders with whom he recorded several records. Zwigoff began his career making documentary films, starting with 1985s Louie Bluie. Zwigoff had been inspired to locate and interview him after listening to a 30s recording, State Street Rag, Zwigoff worked on a documentary about R. Additionally, critic Gene Siskel named Crumb the best film of 1995 as did over ten other major film critics. It appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists of important critics, Zwigoff’s first fiction feature film was the comedy-drama Ghost World, based on the comic book of the same name. For this, Zwigoff and co-writer Daniel Clowes were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Ghost World was also nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and two AFI awards. USA Today and The Washington Post called it the best film of the year, Ghost World appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists. Zwigoff’s next film was the 2003 black comedy Bad Santa whose star, the film cost $23 million to make and grossed over $76 million worldwide. His latest feature film was Art School Confidential whose best known stars are John Malkovich, Jim Broadbent, Art School Confidential was Zwigoff’s second collaboration with writer Daniel Clowes
2.
Robert Crumb
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Robert Dennis Crumb is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and he was additionally contributing to the East Village Other and many other publications, including a variety of one-off and anthology comics. Natural, and the images from his Keep on Truckin strip, sexual themes abounded in all these projects, often shading into scatological and pornographic comics. Much of his appeared in a magazine he founded, Weirdo. As his career progressed, his work became more autobiographical. In 1991, Crumb was inducted into the book industrys Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. He is married to cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb, with whom he has frequently collaborated and their daughter Sophie Crumb has also followed a cartooning career. Robert Crumb was born on August 30,1943, in Philadelphia to a Catholic household of English and Scottish ancestry and his father, Charles V. Crumb, authored the book Training People Effectively, and was a Combat Illustrator for 20 years in the United States Marine Corps. His mother Beatrice was a housewife who reportedly abused diet pills, Charles and Beatrices marriage was unhappy and the children were frequent witnesses to their parents arguments. The couple had four children, sons Charles Junior and Maxon. The family moved to Milford, Delaware, when Crumb was twelve, inspired by the works of Walt Kelly, Fleischer Brothers animation, and others, Crumb and his brothers drew their own comics. Crumbs cartooning developed as his older brother Charles pushed him and provided him with constant critical feedback on his work, in 1958 the brothers self-published three issues of Foo in imitation of Harvey Kurtzmans satirical Humbug and Mad. They sold them door-to-door with little success, souring the young Crumb on the comic-book business, at fifteen, Crumb became obsessed with collecting jazz and blues records from the 1920s to the 1940s. At age 16, he abandoned the Catholic faith, Crumbs father gave him $40 when he left home after high school. His first job, in 1962, was drawing novelty greeting cards for American Greetings in Cleveland, in Cleveland he met a group of young bohemians such as Buzzy Linhart, Liz Johnston, and Harvey Pekar. Dissatisfied with greeting card work, he tried to sell cartoons to comic book companies, in 1965, cartoonist Harvey Kurtzman printed some of Crumbs work in the humor magazine he edited, Help. Crumb moved to New York, intending to work with Kurtzman, Crumb briefly illustrated bubblegum cards for Topps before returning to Cleveland and American Greetings. Crumb married Dana Morgan in 1964, nearly destitute, the couple traveled in Europe, during which Crumb continued to produce work for Kurtzman and American Greetings, and Dana stole food
3.
Charles Crumb
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Charles Vincent Crumb, Jr. was the older brother of American cartoonist Robert Crumb. Robert has created works, adapted from things that he and Charles did as children. As Charles entered adulthood, he began showing signs of mental illness, according to his own testimony, Charles Crumb never succumbed to his urges, and remained determined not to. Throughout the years, he remained constantly terrified that his sexual tendencies would be discovered by his mother, during his adult life, he never left his family home, and rarely ventured outside, where he lived with his mother. His artwork, including filled with tiny gestural marks that suggest handwriting, has been published and exhibited. In the film Crumb, R. Crumb describes how Charles would often react to things by saying How perfectly goddamned delightful it all is and it was a catch-phrase of his. Robert remarks, Whenever he said that, it took the wind out of my sails. Charles Crumb committed suicide in February 1992 and he reportedly died as a result of an overdose. The producer of the film, David Lynch, said he considered writing a screenplay for a film for Charles to star in, after Charles committed suicide, his mother threw out a great deal of his artwork as she thought No one would be interested in it. The film Crumb was dedicated to his memory, Crumb Family Comics The Complete Crumb Comics Your Vigor for Life Appalls Me, Robert Crumb Letters 1958-1977 Charles Crumb at the Internet Movie Database
4.
Sony Pictures Classics
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Sony Pictures Classics is a film production and distribution studio division of Sony Pictures founded in 1992 by former Orion Classics heads Michael Barker, Tom Bernard, and Marcie Bloom. It distributes, produces and acquires specialty films such as documentaries, independent and art films in the United States, as of 2015, Barker and Bernard are co-presidents of the division. Sony Pictures Classics was founded on January 1,1992, by Michael Barker, Tom Bernard, the model of the company is to produce, acquire and/or distribute independent films from the United States and internationally. Sony Pictures Classics has a history of making investments for small films. It has a history of not overspending and its largest commercial success of the 2010s is Woody Allens Midnight in Paris, which grossed over $56 million in the U. S. becoming Allens highest-grossing film ever in the United States. Leviathan Love Is Strange The Lunchbox Magic in the Moonlight Mr
5.
The Criterion Collection
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The Criterion Collection, Inc. is an American home video distribution company which focuses on licensing important classic and contemporary films and selling them to film aficionados. Criterion is noted for helping to standardize the format for widescreen films, bonus features, commentary tracks. The Criterion Collection company was founded in 1984 by Robert Stein, Aleen Stein, and Joe Medjuck, in 1985, the Steins, William Becker, and Jonathan B. Turell founded the Voyager Company, to publish educational multimedia CD-ROMs, in March 1994, Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH bought 20 percent of Voyager for US$6.7 million, the 4 founders each retained a 20 percent owner’s share. Robert Stein sold 42 Voyager titles to LTI from his Voyager–Criterion company share, on November 4,2013, it was announced that Sony Pictures Home Entertainment will now handle distribution. In 1986, Charles Benton founded Home Vision Entertainment, the division of Public Media Inc. which he had previously founded in 1968. In 2005, Image Entertainment bought HVE, thus it became the distributor of Criterion Collection products. The Criterion Collection began to provide video-on-demand in partnership with MUBI in 2008, in February 2011, Criterion began switching its VOD offerings exclusively to Hulu Plus. In November 2016, FilmStruck, a streaming service from Turner Classic Movies. Criterion also maintains a YouTube channel with which it markets its films, in response, other users in YouTube have used the Three Reasons format to promote their own nominations. As of July 2016, no new Three Reasons video has released by Criterion since June 30,2015. On March 4,2016, British film magazine Sight & Sound revealed in their April 2016 issue that Criterion would be expanding its releases to the United Kingdom, the first six titles were released on April 18,2016. These ideas and the features introduced by the Criterion Collection have been highly influential. Thereafter, Criterion made letterboxing the standard presentation for all its releases of films shot in widescreen aspect ratios, the Criterion Collections second catalog title, King Kong, was the debut of the scene-specific audio commentary contained in a separate analog channel of the laserdisc. It featured US film historian Ronald Haver reporting about the production, cast, screenplay, production design and he also is the commentator for the Casablanca, Here Comes Mr. Jordan, Singin in the Rain, and The Wizard of Oz laserdiscs. The Criterion Collection began in 1984 with the releases of Citizen Kane and King Kong on laserdisc, originally, the Criterion company released art, genre, and mainstream movies on laserdisc. For example, Halloween, Ghostbusters, Bram Stokers Dracula, Armageddon, increasingly, the Criterion Collection has focused on releasing World cinema, mainstream cinema classics, and critically successful obscure movies. Using the best available materials, the company produced technologically improved
6.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
7.
Underground comix
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Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books which are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including drug use, sexuality. They were most popular in the United States between 1968 and 1975, and in the United Kingdom between 1973 and 1974, Robert Crumb, Gilbert Shelton, and numerous other cartoonists created underground titles that were popular with readers within the counterculture scene. Punk had its own comic artists like Gary Panter, often referred to as Tijuana bibles, these books are often considered the predecessors of the underground comix scene. Early underground comix appeared sporadically in the early and mid-1960s, the first underground comix were personal works produced for friends of the artists, in addition to reprints of comic strip pages which first appeared in underground newspapers. The United States underground comics scene emerged in the 1960s, focusing on subjects dear to the counterculture, recreational use, politics, rock music. These titles were termed comix in order to them from mainstream publications. The X also emphasized the X-rated contents of the publications, the underground comix scene had its strongest success in the United States between 1968 and 1975, with titles initially distributed primarily though head shops. Underground comix often featured covers intended to appeal to the drug culture, Crumb stated that the appeal of underground comix was their lack of censorship, People forget that that was what it was all about. We didnt have anybody standing over us saying No, you cant draw this or You cant show that and we could do whatever we wanted. American comix were strongly influenced by EC Comics and especially magazines edited by Harvey Kurtzman, kurtzmans Help. magazine featured the works of artists who would later become well known in the underground comix scene, including Crumb and Shelton. Other artists published work in magazines before becoming known in the underground scene. Perhaps the earliest of the comic strips was Frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, begun in 1962. It has been credited as the first underground comic, sheltons own Wonder Wart-Hog appeared in the college humor magazine Bacchanal #1-2 in 1962. Jack Jacksons God Nose, published in Texas in 1964, has also given that title. One guide lists two other underground comix from that year, Vaughn Bodēs Das Kampf and Charles Plymells Robert Ronnie Branaman, joel Beck began contributing a full-page comic each week to the underground newspaper the Berkeley Barb and his full-length comic Lenny of Laredo was published in 1965. In 1968, Crumb, in San Francisco, self-published his first solo comic, the title was financially successful, and developed a market for underground comix. By the end of the 1960s, there was recognition of the movement by a major American museum when the Corcoran Gallery of Art staged an exhibition, The Phonus Balonus Show
8.
Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic series of pictures called modern moral subjects. Much of his work poked fun at politics and customs. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account, while never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with having the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast introduced other familiar American political symbols, during the 20th century, numerous magazines carried single-panel gag cartoons by such freelance cartoonists as Charles Addams, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Clyde Lamb, and John Norment. These were almost always published in black and white, although Colliers often carried cartoons in color, the debut of Playboy introduced full-page color cartoons by Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, and others. Single-panel cartoonists syndicated to newspapers included Dave Breger, Hank Ketcham, George Lichty, Fred Neher, Irving Phillips, comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates such as the Universal Press Syndicate, United Media, or King Features. Sunday strips go to a company such as American Color before they are published. Some comic strip creators publish in the press or on the Internet. Comic strip artists may also work in book-length form, creating graphic novels. Both vintage and current strips receive reprints in book collections, the major comic book publishers utilize teams of cartoonists to produce the art. When a consistent artistic style is wanted among different cartoonists, character model sheets may be used as reference, animated cartooning is created for short films, advertising, feature films and television. It is also used in live-action films for dream sequences or opening titles. An animation artist is referred to as an animator rather than a cartoonist. They create motion pictures as well, Animation studios such as DreamWorks Animation, Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Blue Sky Studios create CGI or computer-animated films that are more three-dimensional. There are many books of cartoons in both paperback and hardcover, such as the collections of cartoons from The New Yorker, prior to the 1960s, cartoons were mostly ignored by museums and art galleries
9.
The San Francisco Examiner
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The San Francisco Examiner is a longtime daily newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California. The Examiner is one of the pioneers in the industry and has published continuously since 1863. The San Francisco Examiner was sold to Black Press Group, a Canadian media publisher, as of 2014, The San Francisco Media Company LLC is held under, Oahu Publications Inc. a subsidiary of Black Press Group Ltd. In 1880, mining engineer, entrepreneur and US Senator George Hearst bought the Examiner, seven years later, after being elected to the U. S. Senate, he gave it to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who was then 23 years old. The elder Hearst was said to have received the paper as partial payment of a poker debt. William Randolph Hearst created the masthead with the Hearst Eagle and the slogan Monarch of the Dailies. After the great earthquake and fire of 1906 destroyed much of San Francisco, the Examiner and its rivals — the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Call — brought out a joint edition. The Examiner offices were destroyed on April 18,1906, but when the city was rebuilt, a new structure and it opened in 1909, and in 1937 the facade, entranceway and lobby underwent an extensive remodeling designed by architect Julia Morgan. Ultimately, circulation battles ended in a merging of resources between the two papers, the Examiner published the Sunday papers news sections and glossy magazine, and the Chronicle contributed the features. Circulation was approximately 100,000 on weekdays and 500,000 on Sundays, in its stylebook, the Examiner has traditionally referred to San Francisco as The City, capitalized, both in headlines and text of stories, and continues to do so. San Francisco slang has traditionally referred to the Examiner in abbreviated form as the Ex. When the Chronicle Publishing Company divested its interests, the Hearst Corporation purchased the Chronicle. However, on July 27,2000 a federal judge approved the Fangs assumption of the Examiner name, its archives,35 delivery trucks, from their side, the Fangs paid Hearst $100.00 for the Examiner. On February 24,2003, the Examiner became a daily newspaper and is now printed Sunday through Friday. On February 19,2004, the Fang family sold the Examiner and its printing plant and his new company, Clarity Media Group, launched The Washington Examiner in 2005 and published The Baltimore Examiner from 2006 to 2009. In 2006, Anschutz donated the archives of the Examiner to the University of California, Berkeley Bancroft Library, under Clarity ownership, the Examiner pioneered a new business model for the newspaper industry. Designed to be read quickly, the Examiner is presented in a compact and it focuses on local news, business, entertainment and sports with an emphasis on content relevant to local readers. It is delivered free to select neighborhoods in San Francisco and San Mateo counties, and to single-copy outlets throughout San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Alameda counties, California
10.
Maxon Crumb
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Maxon Crumb is an American artist. He is the brother of underground cartoonist Robert Crumb and Charles Crumb. He also had two sisters, Carol DeGennaro and Sandra Colorado, who was the widow of writer Marty Pahls and his parents are Charles Crumb and Beatrice Crumb. Maxon was featured in the documentary Crumb, Maxon initially started painting as a way to deal with his own personal demons. However, he has come to use it to support himself. Maxons early work can be found in such as Weirdo, Liquidator, Maxons Poe. His first published novel, HardCore Mother was a study of incest, since the publication of HardCore Mother his work has found a wider audience. Paintings and ink drawings can take weeks or months to complete, during this time Maxon says that he will enter into an intense creative state where the work becomes paramount, to the detriment of normal everyday concerns including eating. Maxons drawings are online as well as fine art limited edition prints. Maxon practices celibacy and has done so for years because, as he has explained in interviews, for him. While describing this situation, he remarks, Stakes is high, giving the album its name
11.
Fritz the Cat
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Fritz the Cat is a comic strip created by Robert Crumb. Set in a supercity of anthropomorphic animals, the focuses on Fritz. Crumb began drawing this character in comic books when he was a child. Fritz became one of his most famous characters, thanks largely to the motion picture adaptation by Ralph Bakshi, the strip appeared in Help. and Cavalier magazines. It subsequently gained prominence in publications associated with the underground comix scene between 1965 and 1972, Fritz the Cat comic compilations elevated the strip into one of the most iconic features of the underground scene. The strip received further attention when it was adapted into a 1972 animated film with the same name, the directorial debut of animator Bakshi, it became a worldwide success. It was the first animated film to receive an X rating in the United States. Crumb ended the strip in 1972 due to disagreements with the filmmakers and he published a story in which Fritz was murdered by an ex-girlfriend. A second animated film, The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat, was produced in 1974 without the involvement of either Bakshi or Crumb. Fritz the Cat was created in 1959 by Robert Crumb in a comic book story called Cat Life, based on the experiences of Fred. The characters next appearance was in a 1960 story entitled Robin Hood, by this point, the cat had become anthropomorphic and had been renamed Fritz, a name derived from a minor unrelated character who appeared briefly in Cat Life. Fritz appeared in the early 1960s Animal Town strips drawn by Charles, sometimes Fritz was accompanied by Fuzzy the Bunny, who served as an alter ego for Charles, his creator. Fritz the Cat is set in a supercity of millions of animals. Stories begin simply and become chaotic and complex as the narrative responds to uncontrollable forces. The look of Fritz the Cat comics was characterized by the use of the Rapidograph technical pen, Crumb states that much of the comic books he enjoyed as a child were funny animal comics, particularly those of Carl Barks. The characters talked to other and nothing much happened. Just a lot of takes place. Robert Crumb stated of his work, I can express something that is different from what I put into my work about humans
12.
Kathy Goodell
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Kathy Goodell is an American contemporary artist based in New York City. She works in sculptural objects, installation, drawing and photography and she is a professor of painting and drawing at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Goodell received the National Endowment for the Arts Grants in 1979 and 1983, Goodell was born in San Francisco. She took admission at Sacramento State University, where she studied with Jim Nutt, however, in her third year of college, she transferred to San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied from Gregory Bateson and Jay DeFeo. She holds a B. F. A. and M. F. A from the San Francisco Art Institute, Goodells first gallery representation was when she was 21 at the Berkeley Gallery in San Francisco. While Goodell was in San Francisco, she taught at San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco State University, California College of the Arts, in 1994, she appeared in the movie Crumb, a biographical documentary about the artist Robert Crumb, in which she played herself. She launched her work Mesmer Eyes in 2012, which featured artwork consisting of several thousand small ink paintings, Goodell works in sculptural objects, drawing and photography and often combines these forms into installations. According to her, she has influenced by Lee Bontecou, Eva Hesse, Jannis Kounellis, Mario Merz, Kurt Schwitters. Peggy Cyphers of Arts Magazine said of her work, ethereal in their implication of a space that is inhabited by the unseen, baroque and constructivist devices merge in Goodells works, their efficacious natures obsessively hand-made and exacting in their symmetry and biological patterning. Most particularly they, and we, see the drawings, which represent what is written, artInfo reviewed Mesmer Eyes and wrote that as the lenses rotated around eye-height, they distorted the view of the painting into an ever-changing array of abstractions. These visions were also captured in photographs taken by the artist of the installation, the work played with the mutability of perception and the literal forms of the biological tools we use to see. In 2014, Hyperallergic wrote about Mesmer that Goodell’s works are miniscule strokes and takes on Rothko’s twin but separated chapels in Texas, like Rothko’s masterworks, Goodell’s little jewels trigger degrees of color perception and color separation that no single drawing is likely to reveal
13.
Trina Robbins
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Trina Robbins is an American cartoonist. She was an early and influential participant in the underground comix movement, both as a cartoonist and historian, Robbins has long been involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists. Robbins was an member of science fiction fandom in the 1950s. Her illustrations appeared in science fiction fanzines like the Hugo-nominated Habakkuk, Robbins first comics were printed in the East Village Other, she also contributed to the spin-off underground comic Gothic Blimp Works. In 1969, Robbins designed the costume for the Warren Publishing character Vampirella and she left New York for San Francisco in 1970, where she worked at the feminist underground newspaper It Aint Me, Babe. That same year she established the first all-woman comic book, the one-shot It Aint Me, wimmens Comix #1 featured Robbins Sandy Comes Out, the first-ever comic strip featuring an out lesbian. Robbins became increasingly outspoken in her beliefs, criticizing underground comix artist Robert Crumb for the misogyny of many of his comics. She said, Its weird to me how willing people are to overlook the hideous darkness in Crumbs work, what the hell is funny about rape and murder. In the early 1980s Robbins created adaptations of Sax Rohmers Dope, in the mid-1980s she wrote and drew Misty for the Marvel Comics childrens imprint Star Comics. The short-lived series was a reinterpretation of the long-standing character Millie the Model, now an adult running her own modeling agency, Robbins official involvement with Wonder Woman, a character she had long admired, began in 1986. At the conclusion of the first volume of the series, DC Comics published a limited series titled The Legend of Wonder Woman, written by Kurt Busiek. Robbins was the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics, the series paid homage to the characters Golden Age roots. She also appeared as herself in Wonder Woman Annual 2, in the mid-1990s, Robbins criticized artist Mike Deodatos bad girl art portrayal of Wonder Woman, calling Deodatos version of the character a barely clothed hypersexual pinup. In the late 1990s, Robbins collaborated with Colleen Doran on the DC Comics graphic novel Wonder Woman, The Once and Future Story, Robbins has been writing the comic book adventures of Honey West, notable as being one of popular fictions first female private detectives. In addition to her comics work, Robbins is an author of books on the history of women in cartooning. Her first book, co-written with Catherine Yronwode, was Women and the Comics, as one of the first books ever published on this subject, it was covered in the mainstream press, in addition to the fan press. Her most recent work, Pretty In Ink, published by Fantagraphics, Robbins was a co-founder of Friends of Lulu, a nonprofit formed in 1994 to promote readership of comic books by women and the participation of women in the comic book industry. Robbins is featured in the 2014 feminist history film Shes Beautiful When Shes Angry and she was intimately involved in the 1960s rock scene, where she was close friends with Jim Morrison and The Byrds
14.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
15.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
16.
Gene Siskel
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Eugene Kal Gene Siskel was an American film critic and journalist for Chicago Tribune. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted a series of review shows on television from 1975 to 1999. Siskel was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Ida and his parents were Russian Jewish immigrants. Siskel was raised by his aunt and uncle after both his parents died when he was ten years old and his first print review was for the film Rascal, which was written one month before he became the papers film critic. His review of the film was favorable but received no stars by default since the paper did not use a system for films at the time. For a time afterwards, Gene was acquainted with Playboy magazine publisher, in 1975, Siskel teamed up with Roger Ebert, film reviewer for Chicago Sun-Times, to host a show on the local Chicago PBS station WTTW which eventually became Sneak Previews. Sneak Previews gained an audience in 1977 WTTW offered it as a series to the PBS program system. Siskel and Ebert left WTTW and PBS in 1982 for syndication and their new show, At the Movies, was produced and distributed by Tribune Broadcasting, the parent company that owned the Chicago Tribune and WGN-TV. Sneak Previews continued on PBS for 14 more years with other hosts, in 1986, Siskel and Ebert left Tribune Broadcasting to have their show produced by the syndication arm of The Walt Disney Company. The new incarnation of the show was originally titled Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, at the Movies also continued a few more years with other hosts. A very early appearance of Siskel, taken from Coming Soon to a Theatre Near You, predecessor to Sneak Previews, is included in For the Love of Movies, The Story of American Film Criticism. In this 2009 documentary film he is debating with Ebert over the merits of the film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Normally, Siskel and Roger Ebert would refuse to guest star in movies or televisual series as they felt it would undermine their responsibility to the public. However, they both could not resist appearing on an episode of the television series The Critic, the title character of which was a film critic who hosted a television show. In the episode, Siskel and Ebert split and each wants Jay Sherman and they also once appeared in an episode of the childrens television series Sesame Street. Siskel also appeared as himself on an episode of The Larry Sanders Show, Siskel was diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumor on May 8,1998. He underwent brain surgery three days later, Siskel died from complications of another surgery at the age of 53 on February 20,1999. After Siskels death, the producers of Siskel & Ebert began using other film critics on a basis as an audition for a permanent successor
