1.
Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
Songwriter
–
Songwriter and singer
Chris de Burgh.
2.
Billboard (magazine)
–
Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
Billboard (magazine)
–
An 1896 issue of Billboard
Billboard (magazine)
–
Cover of Billboard (January 26, 2013).
3.
Rex Allen
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Rex Elvie Allen was an American film and television actor, singer and songwriter, known as the Arizona Cowboy and as the narrator of many Disney nature and Western productions. For contributions to the industry, Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Allen was born to Horace E. Allen and Luella Faye Clark on a ranch in Mud Springs Canyon, as a boy he played guitar and sang at local functions with his fiddle-playing father until high-school graduation when he toured the Southwest as a rodeo rider. He got his start in business on the East Coast as a vaudeville singer, then found work in Chicago as a performer on the WLS-AM program. He left the show in 1949 and moved to Hollywood, in 1948 he signed with Mercury Records where he recorded a number of successful country music albums until 1952, when he switched to the Decca label where he continued to make records into the 1970s. He also recorded one album for Buena Vista in the 1960s, when singing cowboys such as Roy Rogers and Gene Autry were very much in vogue in American film, in 1949 Republic Pictures in Hollywood gave him a screen test and put him under contract. Beginning in 1950, Allen starred as himself in 19 of Hollywoods Western movies, Allens comic-relief sidekick in his first few pictures was Buddy Ebsen and then character actor Slim Pickens. One of Allens most successful singles was Dont Go Near The Indians and it features The Merry Melody Singers. The song is a tale of a man who disobeys his fathers advice stated in the title. The other secret, His son cannot marry Nova Lee because shes the biological sister. Allen was married three times, all three ended in divorce. First, on August 25,1946, he married Bonnie Linder and his first marriage was to Doris Winsor, with whom he had one child. His final marriage was to Virginia Hudson, on November 25,1992 and his five children included Rex Allen Jr. who became a singer like his father. Allen wrote and recorded songs, a number of which were featured in his own films. Late in coming to the industry, his career was relatively short as the popularity of westerns faded by the mid 1950s. Allen has the distinction of making the last singing western in 1954, in 1961 he was one of five rotating hosts for NBC-TVs Five Star Jubilee. The work earned him the nickname, The Voice of the West, most notably, perhaps, he narrated the original 1963 version of The Incredible Journey. He also was the voice of the father on Walt Disneys Carousel of Progress, a 1993 renovation replaced Allen with Jean Shepherd as the voice of the father, but Allen was given a cameo as the grandfather in the final scene
Rex Allen
–
Allen and Koko, 1952
Rex Allen
–
Poster for Shadows of Tombstone, 1953
4.
Ella Fitzgerald
–
Ella Jane Fitzgerald was an American jazz singer often referred to as the First Lady of Song, Queen of Jazz and Lady Ella. She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing and intonation, Fitzgeralds rendition of the nursery rhyme A-Tisket, A-Tasket helped boost both her and Webb to national fame. Taking over the band after Webb died, Fitzgerald left it behind in 1942 to start a career that would last effectively the rest of her life. With Verve she recorded some of her more noted works. These partnerships produced recognizable songs like Dream a Little Dream of Me, Cheek to Cheek, Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall, in 1993, Fitzgerald capped off her sixty-year career with her last public performance. Three years later, she died at the age of 79, Fitzgerald was born on April 25,1917, in Newport News, Virginia, the daughter of William Fitzgerald and Temperance Tempie Fitzgerald. Her parents were unmarried but lived together for at least two and a years after she was born. Initially living in a room, her mother and Da Silva soon found jobs. Her half-sister, Frances Da Silva, was born in 1923, by 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School Street, then a predominantly poor Italian area. She began her education at the age of six and proved to be an outstanding student. Fitzgerald had been passionate about dancing from third grade, being a fan of Earl Snakehips Tucker in particular, Fitzgerald and her family were Methodists and were active in the Bethany African Methodist Episcopal Church, and she regularly attended worship services, Bible study, and Sunday school. The church provided Fitzgerald with her earliest experiences in music making. During this period Fitzgerald listened to recordings by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby. Fitzgerald idolized the Boswell Sisters lead singer Connee Boswell, later saying, My mother brought home one of her records, in 1932, her mother died from serious injuries she received in a car accident when Fitzgerald was 15 years of age. This left her at first in the care of her stepfather but before the end of April 1933, following these traumas, Fitzgerald began skipping school and letting her grades suffer. During this period she worked at times as a lookout at a bordello, Ella Fitzgerald never talked publicly about this time in her life. When the authorities caught up with her, she was first placed in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverdale, in the Bronx. However, when the orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New York Training School for Girls in Hudson, New York, eventually she escaped and for a time she was homeless
Ella Fitzgerald
–
Fitzgerald in November 1946
Ella Fitzgerald
–
A young Fitzgerald, photographed by
Carl Van Vechten in 1940
Ella Fitzgerald
–
Fitzgerald performing with
Dizzy Gillespie,
Ray Brown,
Milt Jackson and
Timme Rosenkrantz in September 1947, New York
Ella Fitzgerald
–
Fitzgerald shakes hands with
President Ronald Reagan after performing in the
White House, 1981
5.
June Valli
–
June Valli, the stage name of June Foglia, was an American singer and television personality. Born in the Bronx, Vallis father was Italian, and her mother was Austrian and she worked as a bookkeeper after her high school graduation. Her singing of Stormy Weather at a wedding reception led to an appearance on Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts. She subsequently appeared on Perry Comos and Ed Sullivans TV shows, Valli was one of the stars of the 1950s television shows Stop the Music and Your Hit Parade. She sang on the show during the its 1952–1953 season. At the start of the 1953–1954 season, she was replaced by singer Gisele MacKenzie, donald Swerdlow and his 12-year-old Bronx friends, students at Public School 6 were asked by Junes manager to start a fan club for her. In 1957, Valli and Andy Williams were co-hosts of The Andy Williams-June Valli Show, a newspaper article noted, Its her first chance in three years to settle down in one place. Valli recorded a number of hit songs, including Strange Sensation, A Shoulder to Cry On, Crying in the Chapel, Why Dont You Believe Me. throughout her career, she sang with various stars of the time, including Mel Torme and Fats Domino. Valli was also the voice in a series of commercials for Chiquita Bananas. Valli was married to famed WIND Chicago disc jockey Howard Miller for two years—a union that she called my biggest mistake, Valli died of cancer May 12,1993, at her home in Fort Lee, New Jersey
June Valli
–
Valli in 1966
6.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
7.
RCA Victor Records
–
RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
RCA Victor Records
–
Label of an RCA Victor 78 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA manufactured 78s alongside the 45 until 1958.
RCA Victor Records
–
RCA Records logo 1968–87; revived as of 2015
RCA Victor Records
–
Label of an RCA Victor 45 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA used this label for its 45 RPM records from 1954 to at least 1964.
RCA Victor Records
–
RCA used this label for its American 45 RPM records during the Dynagroove era.
8.
Elvis Presley
–
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
Elvis Presley
–
Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 film
Jailhouse Rock
Elvis Presley
–
Presley's birthplace in
Tupelo, Mississippi
Elvis Presley
–
Presley in a
Sun Records promotional photograph, 1954
Elvis Presley
–
The "iconic cover" of
Presley's 1956 debut album featuring a photo taken July 31, 1955, in Tampa, Florida
9.
RCA Victor
–
RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
RCA Victor
–
Label of an RCA Victor 78 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA manufactured 78s alongside the 45 until 1958.
RCA Victor
–
RCA Records logo 1968–87; revived as of 2015
RCA Victor
–
Label of an RCA Victor 45 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA used this label for its 45 RPM records from 1954 to at least 1964.
RCA Victor
–
RCA used this label for its American 45 RPM records during the Dynagroove era.
10.
His Hand in Mine
–
His Hand in Mine is the twelfth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2328, in November 1960. It was the first of three music albums that Presley would issue during his lifetime. Recording sessions took place on October 30 and 31,1960, at RCA Studio B in Nashville and it peaked at #13 on the Top Pop Albums chart. It was certified Gold on April 9,1969 and Platinum on March 27,1992 by the Recording Industry Association of America. Presley had a lifelong, fundamental love of music, and often used it to rehearse and loosen up before concerts. Presley had earlier devoted an extended play single, Peace in the Valley, to his love for gospel songs, and was eager to record a full album of this music. This fit well with the plans of Presleys manager, Colonel Tom Parker, all the selections for His Hand In Mine were completed in one fourteen-hour session. The songs Surrender and Crying in the Chapel were recorded during the session, Surrender would be his first single of 1961 and top the chart, but Crying in the Chapel would wait until April 1965 to be issued, going to #3 on the chart. Presley later re-recorded Swing Down Sweet Chariot for the soundtrack of his 1969 film, in 1976, RCA reissued the album in its Pure Gold series, with new cover art under a new catalogue number ANL1-1319. It contains the tracks as the original release. The Presley fan-club label Follow That Dream issued an extended two-disc version the same year, the song In My Fathers House was arranged and adapted by Elvis Presley which was published by Elvis Presley Music. J
His Hand in Mine
–
His Hand in Mine
11.
Easter
–
It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. In Western Christianity, Eastertide, or the Easter Season, begins on Easter Sunday and lasts seven weeks, ending with the coming of the fiftieth day, Pentecost Sunday. In Eastern Christianity, the season of Pascha begins on Pascha and ends with the coming of the fortieth day, the Feast of the Ascension. The First Council of Nicaea established two rules, independence of the Jewish calendar and worldwide uniformity, which were the rules for Easter explicitly laid down by the council. No details for the computation were specified, these were worked out in practice and it has come to be the first Sunday after the ecclesiastical full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March, but calculations vary. Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, in many languages, the words for Easter and Passover are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church. The Easter lily, a symbol of the resurrection, traditionally decorates the area of churches on this day. Additional customs that have associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades. There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally, however, it is possible that Bede was only speculating about the origin of the term since there is no firm evidence that such a goddess actually existed. In Greek and Latin, the Christian celebration was, and still is, called Πάσχα, Pascha, the word originally denoted the Jewish festival known in English as Passover, commemorating the Jewish Exodus from slavery in Egypt. In most of the non-English speaking world, the feast is known by names derived from Greek, Pascha is also a name by which Jesus himself is remembered in the Orthodox Church, especially in connection with his resurrection and with the season of its celebration. The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus, which Easter celebrates, is a foundation of the Christian faith, the resurrection established Jesus as the powerful Son of God and is cited as proof that God will judge the world in righteousness. For those who trust in Jesus death and resurrection, death is swallowed up in victory, any person who chooses to follow Jesus receives a new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Through faith in the working of God those who follow Jesus are spiritually resurrected with him so that they may walk in a new way of life and receive eternal salvation. Easter is linked to the Passover and Exodus from Egypt recorded in the Old Testament through the Last Supper, sufferings and crucifixion of Jesus that preceded the resurrection. According to the New Testament, Jesus gave the Passover meal a new meaning, as in the room during the Last Supper he prepared himself. He identified the matzah and cup of wine as his soon to be sacrificed
Easter
–
Icon of the Resurrection, with Christ, having kicked down the gates of Hades and pulling Adam and Eve out of the tombs. Christ is flanked by saints, and Satan, depicted as an old man, is bound and chained. (See
Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art.)
Easter
–
One of the earliest known depictions of the
crucifixion and
resurrection of Jesus (
Rabbula Gospel illuminated manuscript, 6th century)
Easter
–
The
Last Supper celebrated by Jesus and his disciples. The early Christians too would have celebrated this meal to commemorate Jesus' death and subsequent resurrection.
Easter
–
A stained glass window depicting the
Passover Lamb, a concept integral to the foundation of Easter
12.
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard logo
13.
How Great Thou Art (Elvis Presley album)
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How Great Thou Art is the twenty-eighth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in mono and stereo in February 1967. Recording sessions took place at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 25,26,27 and it peaked at No.18 on the Top Pop Albums chart. It was certified Gold on February 16,1968, Platinum and 2x Platinum on March 27,1992, the title song won the 1967 Grammy Award for Best Sacred Performance. His previous gospel album His Hand in Mine had been a solid catalog seller for RCA, so, recording sessions were arranged with the purpose of producing a Christmas single and a follow-up LP to His Hand in Mine. It also introduced producer Felton Jarvis to Presley on the singers second non-soundtrack sessions since May 1963, Jarvis would continue to work with Presley for the remainder of his career. As the sessions progressed, Elvis rejected many of the songs for which Freddy Bienstock had obtained publishing deals, and began picking favorites of his own. The five songs in the domain were credited as arranged by Elvis Presley. Twelve tracks were completed for the album, including the standards In the Garden from 1912 popularized by Billy Sunday, the 13th track, Crying in the Chapel, had been recorded during the sessions for His Hand in Mine and released as a single in 1965. The sessions also produced the single Love Letters, two b-sides, and two songs that would be added to the Spinout album. The Christmas single would be completed, a composition by Memphis Mafia mainstay Red West If Every Day Was Like Christmas, the church and its steeple featured on the cover is that of the First Church of Christ, located in Sandwich, Massachusetts. In 2008, Sony Music reissued for compact disc a remastered version of the album with three bonus tracks, the album was re-released in 2010 on the Follow That Dream label as a two-disc set with outtakes. Crying in the Chapel was released as a single on April 6,1965, youll Never Walk Alone was released as a single in March 1968 and reached position 90. Its B-side is We Call On Him, carl Boberg, author of the Swedish poem O Store Gud LSP-3758 How Great Thou Art Guide part of The Elvis Presley Record Research Database Elvis Presley Discography
How Great Thou Art (Elvis Presley album)
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How Great Thou Art
14.
RIAA
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
RIAA
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Recording Industry Association of America
15.
The Wailers
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Bob Marley and the Wailers were a Jamaican reggae band led by Bob Marley which developed from the earlier ska vocal group, the Wailers, created by Marley with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer in 1963. By late 1963 singers Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith had joined the Wailers, by the early 1970s, Marley and Bunny Wailer had learned to play some instruments and brothers Aston Family Man Barrett and Carlton Barrett, had joined the band. After Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh left the band in 1974 and his new backing band included the Barrett brothers, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl Wya Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin Seeco Patterson on percussion. The I Threes, consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, the Wailers were formed when self-taught musician Hubert Winston McIntosh met the singers Neville Livingston, and Robert Nesta Marley in 1963. The lineup was known variously as the Teenagers, the Wailing Rudeboys, the original lineup featured Junior Braithwaite on vocals, Bob Marley on guitar, Peter Tosh on keyboard, Neville Livingston on drums, and Cherry Smith and Beverley Kelso on backing vocals. By 1966 Braithwaite, Kelso and Smith had left the band, some of the Wailers most notable songs were recorded with Lee Scratch Perry and his studio band the Upsetters. In 1964, the Wailers topped the Jamaican charts with Simmer Down, during the early 1970s the Upsetters members Aston Family Man Barrett and his brother Carlton Barrett, formed the Wailers Band, providing instrumental backing for The Wailers. The Wailers recorded groundbreaking ska and reggae songs such as Simmer Down, Trenchtown Rock, Nice Time, War, Stir It Up and Get Up, Stand Up. An attempt at creating a full overview of all the music made by The Wailers prior to their signing to Island Records was made by the Roots Reggae Library, the original Wailers line-up disbanded in 1974 due to Tosh and Livingstons refusal to play freak clubs. The pair believed doing so would violate their Rastafarian faith, Bob Marley formed Bob Marley and the Wailers with himself as guitarist, songwriter and main singer, the Wailers Band as the backing band, and the I Three as backup vocalists. The I Three consisted of Bob Marleys wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and these changes caused a major dispute between Marley and Perry, when the former saw the albums, six months after their publication, in the Half Way Road in England. Bob Marley and the Wailers, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Wailer all enjoyed success as reggae music continued to gain popularity during the 1970s and 1980s. One of the last performances that included Marley was in 1980 at Madison Square Garden, several of the groups members have died subsequent to Marleys death in 1981, Carlton Barrett and Tosh in 1987, Braithwaite in 1999, and Smith in 2008. Bunny Wailer and Beverley Kelso are the surviving members of the groups original line-up. The I Three, commonly called I Threes, were formed in 1974 to support Bob Marley, the three members were Marleys wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and Marcia Griffiths. Their name is intended as a spin on the Rastafarian I and I concept of the Godhead within each person. W, norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-08117-6 Official website 45cat Bob Marley discography www. MusicGonnaTeach. com - The Wailers
The Wailers
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Bob Marley and the Wailers performing at Crystal Palace, London (1980)
16.
Bob Marley
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Robert Nesta Bob Marley, OM was a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim, blending mostly reggae, ska and rocksteady in his compositions. Starting out in 1963 with the group the Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting, the Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee Scratch Perry. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks and it included four UK hit singles, Exodus, Waiting in Vain, Jamming, and One Love. In 1978 he released the album Kaya, which included the hit singles Is This Love, diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma in 1977, Marley died on 11 May 1981 in Miami at age 36. He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality and he is credited with popularising reggae music around the world and served as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. Marley has also evolved into a symbol and inspired numerous items of merchandise. Bob Marley was born 6 February 1945 on the farm of his grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley. Norval Marley was a white Jamaican originally from Sussex, England, Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Royal Marines, at the time of his marriage to Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old, he was employed as a plantation overseer. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child but seldom saw them as he was often away, Bob Marley attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment area of Saint Ann. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of an attack at the age of 70. Marleys mother went on to marry Edward Booker, an American civil servant, the relationship brought Marley two American brothers, Richard and Anthony. Marley and Neville Livingston had been friends in Nine Mile. They had started to play together while at Stepney Primary. Marley left Nine Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trenchtown, Cedella Booker and Thadeus Livingston had a daughter together whom they named Claudette Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. The move to Trenchtown was proving to be fortuitous, and Marley soon found himself in a group with Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso. Joe Higgs, who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson, resided on 3rd St. and his singing partner Roy Wilson had been raised by the grandmother of Junior Braithwaite. Higgs and Wilson would rehearse at the back of the houses between 2nd and 3rd Streets, and it wasnt long before Marley, Junior Braithwaite and the others were congregating around this successful duo. Marley and the others didnt play any instruments at this time, in February 1962, Marley recorded four songs, Judge Not, One Cup of Coffee, Do You Still Love Me. and Terror, at Federal Studio for local music producer Leslie Kong
Bob Marley
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Marley performing in 1980
Bob Marley
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Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London.
Bob Marley
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Bob Marley & The Wailers live at
Crystal Palace Park in south-east London, during the
Uprising Tour
Bob Marley
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Marley in concert in 1980, Zurich, Switzerland
17.
Bunny Wailer
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A three-time Grammy award winner, he is considered one of the longtime standard-bearers of reggae music. The young Livingston spent his earliest years in the village of Nine Mile in St. Ann Parish and it was there that he first met Bob Marley, and the two toddlers became fast friends. The boys both came from one parent families, Livingston was being brought up by his father, Marley by his mother, later, Bunnys father Thaddeus Toddy Livingston lived with Bob Marleys mother Cedella Booker and had a daughter with her named Pearl Livingston. Peter Tosh had a son, Andrew Tosh, with another of Bunnys sisters, Shirley, Bunny had originally gone to audition for Leslie Kong at Beverleys Records in 1962, around the same time Bob Marley was cutting Judge Not. Bunny had intended to sing his first composition, Pass It On, however, Bunny was late getting out of school, missed his audition, and was told he wasnt needed. A few months later, in 1963, he formed The Wailing Wailers with his stepbrother Bob Marley and friend Peter Tosh, and his music was very influenced by gospel and the soul of Curtis Mayfield. In 1967, he recorded This Train, based on a standard, for the first time. He was arrested on charges of possession of cannabis in June 1967, as the Wailers regularly changed producers in the late 1960s he continued to be underused as a writer and lead vocalist, though was a key part of the groups distinctive harmonies. He sang lead on Dreamland, Riding High, Brainwashing and on one verse of the Wailers Impressions-like Keep On Moving, by 1973, each of the three founding Wailers operated their own label, Marley with Tuff Gong, Tosh with H. I. M. Intel Diplo, and Bunny Wailer with Solomonic and he sang lead vocals on Reincarnated Souls, the B-side of the Wailers first Island single of the new era, and on two tracks on the Wailers last trio LP, Burnin, Pass it On and Hallelujah Time. By now he was recording singles in his own right, cutting Searching For Love, Life Line, Bide Up, Arab Oil Weapon, Bunny Wailer toured with the Wailers in England and the United States, but soon became reluctant to leave Jamaica. He and Tosh became more marginalized in the group as the Wailers became an international success, after leaving the Wailers, Bunny became more focused on his spiritual faith. He identified with the Rastafari movement, as did the other Wailers and he has also written much of his own material as well as re-recording a number of cuts from the Wailers catalogue. Bunny Wailer has recorded primarily in the style, in keeping with his often political and spiritual messages. He and Tosh would frequently sing each others background vocals in the start of their solo careers and he experimented with disco on his album Hook Line & Sinker. He has also had success recording in the apolitical, more pop. He has outlived his contemporaries in a culture where death by violence is commonplace, the album produced by Bunny Wailer, was recorded at Harry J Studio. Some of these tracks are re-worked classic Wailers tracks, another classic is Dancing Shoes, first recorded in the mid-1960s as a driving ska/soul classic with Bunny Wailer as lead vocal
Bunny Wailer
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Bunny Wailer in 2008
Bunny Wailer
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This
biographical article needs additional
citations for
verification. Please help by adding
reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially
libelous or harmful. (November 2008)
18.
Peter Tosh
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Peter Tosh, OM was a Jamaican reggae musician. Along with Bob Marley and Bunny Wailer, he was one of the members of the band The Wailers, after which he established himself as a successful solo artist. He was baptized by Ethiopian Orthodox Church and he was murdered in 1987 during a home invasion. Tosh was born in Westmoreland, the westernmost parish of Jamaica and he was abandoned by his parents and shuffled among relatives. When McIntosh was fifteen, his aunt died and he moved to Trench Town in Kingston and he first picked up a guitar by watching a man in the country play a song that captivated him. He watched the man play the song for half a day. He then picked up the guitar and played the back to the man. The man then asked McIntosh who had him to play. During the early 1960s Tosh met Robert Nesta Marley and Neville OReilly Livingston and went to vocal teacher Joe Higgs and he then changed his name to become Peter Tosh and the trio started singing together in 1962. Higgs taught the trio to harmonize and while developing their music, in 1964 Tosh helped organize the band The Wailing Wailers, with Junior Braithwaite, a falsetto singer, and backup singers Beverley Kelso and Cherry Smith. Initially, Tosh was the one in the group who could play musical instruments. According to Bunny Wailer, Tosh was critical to the band because he was a self-taught guitarist and keyboardist, and thus became an inspiration for the other band members to learn to play. The Wailing Wailers had a major ska hit with their first single, Simmer Down, Marley spent much of 1966 in Delaware in the United States with his mother, Cedella Marley-Booker, and for a brief time was working at a nearby Chrysler factory. He then returned to Jamaica in early 1967 with a renewed interest in music, Tosh and Bunny were already Rastafarians when Marley returned from the U. S. and the three became very involved with the Rastafari faith. Soon afterwards, they renamed the musical group The Wailers, Tosh would explain later that they chose the name Wailers because to wail means to mourn or to, as he put it. express ones feelings vocally. He also claims that he was the beginning of the group, the latter claim may very well be true, for according to Bunny Wailer, the early Wailers learned to play instruments from Tosh. Rejecting the up-tempo dance of ska, the band slowed their music to a rocksteady pace, the collaboration had given birth to reggae music and later, bassist Aston Family Man Barrett and his brother, drummer Carlton Barrett would join the group in 1970. The band signed a contract with Chris Blackwell and Island Records company and released their debut, Catch a Fire, in 1973
Peter Tosh
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Peter Tosh (left) on the Bush Doctor tour in 1978, with Al Anderson (guitar) and Robbie Shakespeare (bass)
Peter Tosh
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Peter Tosh with Robbie Shakespeare, 1978
19.
Nyabinghi rhythm
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Nyabinghi, also Nyahbinghi, Niyabinghi, Niyahbinghi, is a form of ritual drumming performed as a communal meditative practice in the Rastafarian tradition in Jamaica. Like many facets of Rastafari, it evolved from the ceremonies that enslaved African people of various ethnic groups brought with them to Jamaica. Nowadays, Nyabinghi is used mainly as a term for a sect of Rastas, as opposed to just the rhythm or the music. Various oral traditions exist that explain how Niyabinghi became a revered goddess, one account states that in 1700 AD two tribes inhabited the Uganda/Rwanda area, the Shambo and Bgeishekatwa. Queen Kitami, who is said to have possessed a sacred drum of phenomenal power, when Kitami died she was given immortal status and the name Niyabinghi. Another tradition states that Queen Niyabinghi ruled the Northwestern Tanzani kingdom of Karagwe, envious of the Queen’s power, the ruler ordered her death which is said to have brought “untold horrors to his kingdom”. After her death, her spirit continued to be praised and to possess her followers for the two centuries. The Bgeishekatwa tribe was defeated by the Shambo clan who adopted the Bgeishekatwa’s rituals for Niyabinghi. A century later the Shambo were defeated by the cultivating Kiga clan, once the Kiga tribe reigned over the land, Niyabinghi became known as a matriarchal power, and the Kiga’s century-rule is characterized as the reign of the Niyabinghi priestesses. Kiga women who received Niyabinghi’s blessings and were said to be possessed by Niyabinghi came to be called bagirwa, eventually the revered bagirwa gained political dominion and became governors of the Kiga people living a dual life of political and spiritual leadership. The bagirwa, including Muhumusa, remained governors of the Kiga people until 1930 after losing their land to British, German, and Belgian imperialists, the singular form of the word bagirwa is mugirwa. At some point, men became Niyabinghi priests as well, so African warrior Queen Nyabinghi was believed to be the reincarnation of the leonine Kemetic warrior goddess Sekhmet. Queen Nyabinghi was known for playing her powerful, mystical trance drum and her Ugandan female followers, called bagiwas, were so fearsome in victory that the invading colonialists had them branded as witches performing rituals with the drum. The Nyabinghi rhythms of resistance have long played a role in Rastafarian culture. The Niyabinghi resistance inspired a number of Jamaican Rastafarians, who incorporated what are known as niyabinghi chants into their celebrations, the rhythms of these chants were eventually an influence of popular ska, rocksteady and reggae music. It is the music of the Rastafarian practice and it is used during reasoning sessions. Nyabingi music consists of a blend of 19th century gospel music, Niyabinghi drumming is not exclusive to the Niyabinghi order, and is common to all Rastafarians. Its rhythms are the basis of Reggae music, through the influential ska band, recently, dancehall artist Sizzla, American roots-Reggae artists such as Groundation and Jah Levi, and Hip hop have used Niyabinghi drums extensively in their recordings
Nyabinghi rhythm
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Genres
20.
Haile Selassie
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Haile Selassie I,23 July 1892 –27 August 1975), born Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael, was Ethiopias regent from 1916 to 1930 and emperor from 1930 to 1974. He also served as Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity from 25 May 1963 to 17 July 1964 and 5 November 1966 to 11 September 1967 and he was a member of the Solomonic Dynasty. At the League of Nations in 1936, the emperor condemned the use of weapons by Italy against his people during the Second Italo–Ethiopian War. His regime was also criticized by rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch, as autocratic. Among the Rastafari movement, whose followers are estimated at two and four million, Haile Selassie is revered as the returned messiah of the Bible. Beginning in Jamaica in the 1930s, the Rastafari movement perceives Haile Selassie as a figure who will lead a future golden age of eternal peace, righteousness. Haile Selassie was an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian throughout his life and he is a defining figure in Ethiopian history. Haile Selassie died on 27 August 1975 at the age of 83, Haile Selassie was known as a child as Lij Tafari Makonnen. Lij is translated as child, and serves to indicate that a youth is of noble blood and his given name, Tafari, means one who is respected or feared. Like most Ethiopians, his personal name Tafari is followed by that of his father Makonnen and his Geez name Haile Selassie was given to him at his infant baptism and adopted again as part of his regnal name in 1930. As Governor of Harer, he known as Ras Teferi Makonnen listen. Ras is translated as head and is a rank of nobility equivalent to Duke, in 1916, Empress Zewditu I appointed him to the position of Balemulu Siltan Enderase. In 1928, she granted him the throne of Shoa, elevating his title to Negus or King, on 2 November 1930, after the death of Empress Zewditu, Ras Tafari was crowned Negusa Nagast, literally King of Kings, rendered in English as Emperor. Upon his ascension, he took as his regnal name Haile Selassie I, Haile means in Geez Power of and Selassie means trinity—therefore Haile Selassie roughly translates to Power of the Trinity. Haile Selassies full title in office was By the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, King of Kings of Ethiopia, Elect of God. This title reflects Ethiopian dynastic traditions, which hold that all monarchs must trace their lineage to Menelik I, who was the offspring of King Solomon, to Ethiopians, Haile Selassie has been known by many names, including Janhoy, Talaqu Meri, and Abba Tekel. The Rastafari movement employs many of these appellations, also referring to him as Jah, Jah Jah, Jah Rastafari, Haile Selassies royal line originated from the Amhara people, but he also had Oromo, and Gurage roots. He was born on 23 July 1892, in the village of Ejersa Goro and his mother was Woizero Yeshimebet Ali Abba Jifar, daughter of the renowned Oromo ruler of Wollo province Dejazmach Ali Abba Jifar
Haile Selassie
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Haile Selassie I in 1969
Haile Selassie
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Lij Teferi Makonnen at age 3
Haile Selassie
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Ras Makonnen Woldemikael and his son Lij Tafari Makonnen
Haile Selassie
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Dejazmatch Tafari, as governor of Harar
21.
Bruno Blum
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Bruno Blum is a French singer songwriter, guitar player, music producer and musicologist sometimes nicknamed Doc Reggae. He is mostly known for his work in the reggae, rock music and African musics fields, a fully bilingual vegetarian and ecologist, he has lived without drugs or alcohol for over twenty years. As a teenager bass player he was part of the late seventies London punk movement and was later the first French musician to record and release dub music and he has released several French songs albums in a wide variety of styles. He produced a new mix of Serge Gainsbourgs Gainsbourg Et Cætera Palace live album in 2006, in 2015 two Super DeLuxe triple CD sets were released in the form of books, Gainsbourg and the Revolutionaries and Gainsbourg in Dub, which contains 50 previously unreleased dubs. Blum also performs steadily with his rock/soul/blues and reggae bands as a singer and his abounding, dense world often includes a touch of humour, and his art complements his Jamaica, Nigeria and USA-inspired music. Influenced by the electric, genuine analog sound and militant spirit of the 1970s, his wide array of works melt into a coherent whole, where different styles are approached in true eclectic fashion. Alternatively playing blues, dub, rock, jazz, afrobeat, reggae, etc. he is playing Organic music guaranteed to be played without machines by live and his successful French and English versions of Bob Marleys War recorded with The Wailers gave him some international exposure and recognition. He also created Human Race Records, a record label in Jamaica. His own French songs output often displays puzzling double-entendre lyrics, in 2015, he formed Cabaret Végane, the first all-vegan group, releasing an album of mostly original songs the following year and playing several shows in Paris, singing with Joy Gross. Besides his extensive work as a writer, Blum speaks worldwide on the history of reggae music, African musics and other rock. His reggae lectures come with his reggae photography exhibition, written in a lively style, several of his books on music history give him an authority status in the French-speaking world. These include Lou Reed, Bob Marley and John Lennon biographies, best-seller Le Reggae, a fully illustrated Jamaican travel journal autobiography and a major contribution to Le Dictionnaire du Rock. A musicology and music graduate, his documented music reissues including major Bob Marley & the Wailers reissues with U. S. partner Roger Steffens gave him international recognition. A prolific artist, besides photography, illustration and comic strips, as a reporter photographer he has accumulated archives published alongside his illustrations in several of his books. His photo exhibition Jamaica on the Reggae Tracks has been all over France since 2008. He has also directed Tenor Saws classic Ring the Alarm reggae video, a Spirou magazine reader and André Franquin fan, the song Les Élucubrations d’Antoine was a revelation for him at an early age. When advertising was permitted on French television from October 1,1968, his parents of humble origins Nicole, the company had opened offices in five countries as Tony Blum moved to Toronto in Canada, where his son joined him during the 1974 and 1975 summers. Aged fifteen, he was already bilingual after several stays in the UK, USA and his father produced the first feature film by Jérôme Savary Le boucher, la star et lorpheline
Bruno Blum
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Bruno Blum shows his Don't Drink and Drive, Smoke and Fly artwork picturing a sound engineer mixing
dub music. Click to enlarge.
22.
Dub music
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Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s, and is commonly considered a subgenre, though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae. Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo, reverb, panoramic delay, Dub was pioneered by Osbourne King Tubby Ruddock, Lee Scratch Perry, Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s. Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub, and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre, similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy. These producers, especially Ruddock and Perry, looked upon the mixing console as an instrument, manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different. Dub has influenced many genres of music, including rock, pop, hip hop, disco, and later house, techno, ambient, electronic dance music, the verb dub is defined as making a copy of one recording to another. The term dub had multiple meanings in Jamaica around the time of the musics origin, in concert, the order dub this one. Meant put an emphasis on bass and drums, drummer Sly Dunbar points to a similar interpretation, relating the term dubwise to using only drums and bass. Another possible source was the term dub plate, as suggested by Augustus Pablo, the word duppy also relates to dub through Jamaicas history of intra-racial terror, violence, and murder that is often overlooked in favor of Jamaican ideologies of racial solidarity. The ghosts of these victims, or duppies, are thought to be captured best within the dub instrumentals, a version is a record with the vocals removed, the alternative cut of a song made for the DJ to toast over. These versions were used as the basis of new songs by rerecording them with new elements, the instrumental tracks are typically drenched in sound effects such as echo, reverberation, with instruments and vocals dropping in and out of the mix. Another hallmark of the dub sound is the prominent use of bass guitar, the music sometimes features other noises, such as birds singing, thunder and lightning, water flowing, and producers shouting instructions at the musicians. It can be augmented by live DJs. There is usually an organic feel to the music, even though the effects are electronically created. Often these tracks are used for toasters rapping heavily rhymed and alliterative lyrics, in forms of sound system based reggae, the performer using a microphone is referred to as the DJ or deejay, and the person choosing the music and operating the turntables is called the selector. A major reason for producing multiple versions was economic, a producer could use a recording he owned to produce numerous versions from a single studio session. A version was also an opportunity for a producer or remix engineer to experiment, Dub music and toasting introduced a new era of creativity in reggae music. From their beginning, toasting and dub music developed together and influenced each other, in 1968, Kingston, Jamaica sound system operator Rudolph Ruddy Redwood went to Duke Reids Treasure Isle studio to cut a one-off dub plate of The Paragons hit On The Beach. Engineer Byron Smith left the track out by accident, but Redwood kept the result
Dub music
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Lee "Scratch" Perry was an early pioneer of the genre
23.
American Graffiti
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Suzanne Somers and Joe Spano have cameos. Set in Modesto, California in 1962, the film is a study of the cruising and rock, the film is told in a series of vignettes, telling the story of a group of teenagers and their adventures over a single evening. The genesis of American Graffiti was in Lucas own teenage years in early 1960s Modesto. filming was initially set to take place in San Rafael, California, but the production crew was denied permission to shoot beyond a second day. American Graffiti premiered on August 2,1973 at the Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland and was released on August 11,1973 in the United States, the film received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Produced on a $777,000 budget, it has one of the most profitable films of all time. Since its initial release, American Graffiti has garnered an estimated return of well over $200 million in box office gross and home video sales, not including merchandising. In 1995, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, a sequel, More American Graffiti, was released in 1979. Curt and Steve are scheduled to travel the next morning to Northeastern United States to start college, despite receiving a $2,000 scholarship from the local Moose Lodge, Curt has second thoughts about leaving Modesto. Steve gives Toad his 1958 Chevrolet Impala to watch while hes away at college until he returns at Christmas, Steves girlfriend, Laurie, who is also Curts sister, arrives in her car. Steve suggests to Laurie, who is already glum about him going to college, though not openly upset, she is displeased with his proposal which affects their interactions the rest of the evening. Curt accompanies Steve, last years high school student class president, and Laurie, after leaving the hop, Curt is coerced by a group of greasers to participate in an initiation rite that involves hooking a chain to a police car and ripping out its back axle. The Pharaohs tell Curt that The Blonde is a wife or prostitute. Determined to get a message to the girl, Curt drives to the local radio station to ask DJ Wolfman Jack. Inside the radio station, Curt encounters a man who tells him that the voice of The Wolfman is pre-taped from afar. The man still accepts the message from Curt to see what he could do, as he is leaving the station, Curt sees the man talking into the microphone and hears the voice of The Wolfman, and realizes the man is the actual DJ himself. Sure enough, The Wolfman eventually reads the message on the radio for The Blonde to meet Curt or call him at a number which happens to be a telephone booth, Curt waits by the telephone booth and early the next morning, he is awakened by the phone ringing. It turns out to be The Blonde who says she knows him, Curt replies probably not, intimating that he decided to go to college and will be leaving that morning. Meanwhile The Toad, in Steves car, and John, in his yellow 1932 Deuce Coupé hot rod, Toad, who is normally socially inept with girls, successfully picks up a flirtatious, and somewhat rebellious, girl named Debbie
American Graffiti
–
Theatrical release poster by
Mort Drucker
24.
Swedish language
–
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken natively by more than 9 million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish, along with the other North Germanic languages, Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. It is currently the largest of the North Germanic languages by number of speakers, Standard Swedish, spoken by most Swedes, is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties descended from the rural dialects still exist. The standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages, V2, Swedish morphology is similar to English, that is, words have comparatively few inflections. There are two genders, no cases, and a distinction between plural and singular. Older analyses posit the cases nominative and genitive and there are remains of distinct accusative and dative forms as well. Adjectives are compared as in English, and are inflected according to gender, number. The definiteness of nouns is marked primarily through suffixes, complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles, the prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless velar fricative, a highly variable consonant phoneme. Swedish is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages, by many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered dialects of a common Scandinavian language. In the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had some changes. This language began to undergo new changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, the dialects of Old East Norse that were spoken in Sweden are called Runic Swedish while the dialects of Denmark are referred to as Runic Danish. The dialects are described as runic because the body of text appears in the runic alphabet. Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, from 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. An early change that separated Runic Danish from the dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to the monophthong é. This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain, there was also a change of au as in dauðr into a long open ø as in døðr dead
Swedish language
–
The initial page of the first complete copy of
Västgötalagen, the
law code of
Västergötland, from c. 1280. It is one of the earliest texts in Swedish written in the
Latin script.
Swedish language
–
Major Swedish-speaking areas
Swedish language
–
Front page of
Gustav Vasa 's Bible from 1541, using
Fraktur. The title translated to English reads: "The Bible / That is / The Holy Scripture / in Swedish. Printed in
Uppsala. 1541".
Swedish language
–
August Strindberg, one of the most influential writers in modern Swedish literature.
25.
Little Richard
–
Richard Wayne Penniman, known as Little Richard, is an American musician, singer and songwriter. His music also played a key role in the formation of popular music genres, including soul. Little Richard has been honored by many institutions and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of its first group of inductees in 1986. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and he is the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Little Richard was born Richard Wayne Penniman on December 5,1932, in Macon and he was the third eldest of the 12 children of Leva Mae and Charles Bud Penniman. His father was a deacon who sold bootlegged moonshine on the side and owned a nightclub. His mother was a member of Macons New Hope Baptist Church, initially, Little Richards first name was supposed to have been Ricardo but an error resulted in Richard instead. The Penniman children were raised in a neighborhood of Macon called Pleasant Hill, in childhood, he was nicknamed Lil Richard by his family, because of his small and skinny frame. A mischievous child who played pranks on neighbors, Little Richard began singing in church at a young age, possibly as a result of complications at birth, Little Richard had a slight deformity that left one of his legs shorter than the other. This produced an unusual gait, he was mocked for its allegedly effeminate appearance, Little Richards family was highly religious, joining various A. M. E. Baptist and Pentecostal churches, with family members becoming ministers. Little Richard enjoyed the Pentecostal churches the most, because of their charismatic worship and he had observed that people sang to feel their connection with God and to wash their trials and burdens away. Little Richards initial musical influences were gospel performers such as Brother Joe May, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, may, who as a singing evangelist was known as the Thunderbolt of the Middle West because of his phenomenal range and vocal power, inspired the boy to become a preacher. Little Richard attended Macons Hudson High School, where he was a below-average student and his musical talent, however, was recognized there when he learned to play the alto saxophone. His mother recalled how Richard was always musical and that when he was young, he would beat on the steps of the house. She also recalled that Richard was so quick at learning to play the saxophone that he was allowed to play with the marching band immediately. While in high school, Little Richard obtained a job at Macon City Auditorium for local secular. Little Richard sold Coca-Cola to crowds during concerts of star performers of the day, such as Cab Calloway, Lucky Millinder, on October 27,1947, Sister Rosetta Tharpe heard 14-year-old Little Richard singing two of her gospel recordings before her concert at Macon City Auditorium
Little Richard
–
Little Richard in 2007
Little Richard
–
"Good Golly, Miss Molly", 45 rpm recording on Specialty Records
Little Richard
–
Little Richard, interviewed during the 60th Annual Academy Awards, 1988
26.
Carol Fran
–
Carol Fran is an African American soul blues singer, pianist and songwriter. Fran is best known for her string of releases in the 1950s and 1960s. She has released five albums since 1992, her final collaboration with Hollimon being on JSP Records. Carol Anthony was born in Lafayette, Louisiana, United States, commencing her jump blues singing career with Don Conway, she subsequently relocated to New Orleans. There she married a saxophone player, Bob Francois, which allowed a simple abbreviation to arrive at her name of Carol Fran. Establishing a musical presence around Bourbon Street, New Orleans, Fran also undertook a tour of Mexico and her debut single was Emmitt Lee, recorded in 1957 and released by Excello Records. Three more singles ensued, but lack of success saw Fran singing with Guitar Slim, and after his death in 1959, she sang alongside Nappy Brown, Lee Dorsey. Lyric Records then offered a contract to Fran. Her next offerings were a pop version of The Great Pretender. Despite a subsequent reissue of the latter on Josie Records, her momentum was stalled by Elvis Presleys release of his own version. Her follow-up, You Cant Stop Me, was enhanced by an arrangement by Sammy Lowe, whilst the Bobby Darin penned A World Without You, after another effort, Any Day Love Walks In, she returned to the concert circuit. In 1967 she signed to Roulette Records and issued a version of Brook Bentons So Close, success still eluded her and many recordings remained unreleased. Downhearted she concentrated on performing in clubs back in Louisiana, in 1982, Fran met the session guitarist Clarence Hollimon, and they went on to marry a year later and relocated to Texas. After appearing together in concert, Black Top Records released their 1992 album Soul Sensation, elsewhere, in 1993, Fran contributed to Guitar Shortys album, Topsy Turvy. In 1996, Fran and Hollimon appeared at the Long Beach Blues Festival, see There. was her next album release, before another collaboration with Hollimon saw the issue of Its About Time. However, Hollimon died the year, and Fran moved back to Lafayette. She appears in the 2015 documentary film I Am the Blues, List of electric blues musicians List of soul-blues musicians
Carol Fran
–
Henry Gray and guest Carol Fran playing at the
Festival International in
Lafayette, Louisiana on April 24, 2010
27.
The Platters
–
The Platters is an American vocal group. They were one of the most successful groups of the early rock. Their distinctive sound was a bridge between the pre-rock Tin Pan Alley tradition and the new genre. The act went through personnel changes, with the most successful incarnation comprising lead tenor Tony Williams, David Lynch, Paul Robi, Herb Reed. The group had 40 charting singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart between 1955 and 1967, including four no.1 hits. The Platters were one of the first African American groups to be accepted as a major group and were, for a period of time. The Platters formed in Los Angeles in 1952 and were managed by Federal Records A&R man. The original group consisted of Alex Hodge, Cornell Gunter, David Lynch, Joe Jefferson, Gaynel Hodge and Herb Reed, in June 1953, Gunter left to join the Flaires and was replaced by lead vocalist Tony Williams. The band then released two singles with Federal Records, under the management of Bass, but found little success, Bass then asked his friend music entrepreneur and songwriter Buck Ram to coach the group in hope of getting a hit record. Ram made some changes to the lineup, most notably the addition of female vocalist Zola Taylor, later, at Reeds urging, Hodge was replaced by Paul Robi. Under Rams guidance, the Platters recorded eight songs for Federal in the R&B/gospel style, scoring a few regional hits on the West Coast. One song recorded during their Federal tenure, Only You, originally written by Ram for the Ink Spots, was deemed unreleasable by the label, though copies of this early version do exist. Despite their lack of success, the Platters were a profitable touring group, successful enough that the Penguins, coming off their #8 single Earth Angel. With the Penguins in hand, Ram was able to parlay Mercury Records interest into a 2-for-1 deal, to sign the Penguins, Ram insisted, Mercury also had to take the Platters. The Penguins would never have a hit for the label, convinced by Jean Bennett and Tony Williams that Only You had potential, Ram had the Platters re-record the song during their first session for Mercury. Released in the summer of 1955, it became the groups first Top Ten hit on the pop charts, the Great Pretender was also the acts biggest R&B hit, with an 11-week run atop that chart. In 1956, the Platters appeared in the first major motion picture based around rock and roll, Rock Around the Clock and this latter release caused a small controversy after Kerns widow expressed concern that her late husbands composition would be turned into a rock and roll record. It topped both the American and British charts in a Platters-style arrangement, the Platters also differed from most other groups of the era because Ram had the group incorporated in 1956
The Platters
–
The Platters
The Platters
–
The Platters performing in their early years. From left to right: Reed, Williams, Taylor, Lynch (on his knee), and Robi
28.
Don McLean
–
Donald Don McLean III is an American singer-songwriter best known for the 1971 album American Pie, containing the songs American Pie and Vincent. McLeans grandfather and father were also named Donald McLean, the Buccis, the family of McLeans mother, Elizabeth, came from Abruzzo in central Italy. They left Italy and settled in Port Chester, New York and he has another extended family in Los Angeles and Boston. Though some of his musical influences included Frank Sinatra and Buddy Holly, as a teenager, McLean became interested in folk music. Childhood asthma meant that McLean missed long periods of school, particularly music lessons, by age 16 he had bought his first guitar and began making contacts in the music business, becoming friends with folk singers Erik Darling and Fred Hellerman, both members of the Weavers. Hellerman said, He called me one day and said, Id like to come and visit you and we became good friends - he has the most remarkable music memory of anyone Ive ever known. When McLean was 15, his father died, fulfilling his fathers request, McLean graduated from Iona Preparatory School in 1963, and briefly attended Villanova University, dropping out after four months. After leaving Villanova, McLean became associated with famed folk music agent Harold Leventhal for several months before teaming up with personal manager Herb Gart for 18 years and he attended night school at Iona College and received a bachelors degree in business administration in 1968. Later that year, with the help of a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts, McLean began reaching an audience, with visits to towns up. He learned the art of performing from his friend and mentor Pete Seeger, McLean accompanied Seeger on his Clearwater boat trip up the Hudson River in 1969 to raise awareness about environmental pollution in the river. During this time McLean wrote songs that would appear on his first album, McLean co-edited the book Songs and Sketches of the First Clearwater Crew with sketches by Thomas B. Allen for which Pete Seeger wrote the foreword. Seeger and McLean sang Shenandoah on the 1974 Clearwater album, McLean recorded Tapestry in 1969 in Berkeley, California, during the student riots. After being rejected 72 times by labels, the album was released by Mediarts, McLeans major break came when Mediarts was taken over by United Artists Records, thus securing the promotion of a major label for his second album, American Pie. The album spawned two No.1 hits in the song and Vincent. American Pies success made McLean an international star and piqued interest in his first album, which charted more than two years after its initial release. McLeans magnum opus, American Pie, is a sprawling, impressionistic ballad inspired partly by the deaths of Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, the song popularized the expression The Day the Music Died in reference to this event. The song was recorded on May 26,1971, and a month later received its first radio airplay on New Yorks WNEW-FM and WPLJ-FM to mark the closing of Fillmore East, the famous New York concert hall. American Pie reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 from January 15-February 5,1972, the single also topped the Billboard Easy Listening survey
Don McLean
–
Don McLean at the
Royal Albert Hall in 2012
Don McLean
–
Don McLean publicity photo, 1976
Don McLean
–
Don McLean at the
NYCB Theatre at Westbury in July 2013
Don McLean
–
McLean's autograph from a 1996 concert in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
29.
Christian rock
–
Christian rock is a form of rock music that promotes Jesus and is typically performed by self-proclaimed Christian individuals and bands whose members focus the lyrics on matters of Christian faith. The extent to which their lyrics are explicitly Christian varies between bands, many bands who perform Christian rock have ties to the contemporary Christian music labels, media outlets, and festivals, while other bands are independent. In 1952 Archibald Davison, a Harvard professor, summed up the sound of traditional Christian music, based upon Archibald Davisons statement it is easy to see how different these two genres of music are. Religious people in regions of the United States did not want their children exposed to music with unruly, impassioned vocals, loud guitar riffs and jarring. Rock and roll differed from the norm, and thus it was seen as a threat, often the music was overtly sexual in nature, as in the case of Elvis Presley, who became controversial and massively popular partly for his suggestive stage antics and dancing. However, Elvis was a person who even released a gospel album. Individual Christians may have listened to or even performed rock music in many cases and he Touched Me was a 1972 gospel music album by Elvis Presley which sold over 1 million copies in the US alone and earned Presley his second of three Grammy Awards. Not counting compilations, it was his third and final album devoted exclusively to gospel music, the song He Touched Me was written in 1963 by Bill Gaither, an American singer and songwriter of southern gospel and Contemporary Christian music. In the 1960s, rock music developed artistically, attained popularity and became associated with the radical counterculture. This further increased the Christian opposition to rock music, moreover, many saw the music as promoting a lifestyle of promiscuous sex, drugs and rock and roll, also reflected in the behavior of many rock stars. However, there was growing recognition of the musical and ideological potential of rock. One of his songs, Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music, summarized his attitude and his quest to pioneer Christian rock music. Another Christian rock pioneer, Randy Stonehill, released his first album in 1971, in the most common pressing of the album, side one is entirely a live performance. Another early Christian rock album was Mylon by Mylon LeFevre, son of members of the gospel group The LeFevres. He recorded the album with members of Classics IV and released it through Cotillion Records in 1970, petra and Resurrection Band, two of the bands who brought harder rock into the early CCM community, had their origins in the early to mid-1970s. They reached their height in popularity in the late eighties alongside other Christian-identifying hard rock such as Stryper. The latter had played on MTV, one being To Hell with the Devil. Christian rock has proved successful in the UK and Europe, although such artists as Bryn Haworth have found commercial success by combining blues
Christian rock
–
Randy Stonehill's "Welcome To Paradise" (1976)
Christian rock
–
Jars of Clay in concert, 2007.
Christian rock
–
Robert Pierre performing in 2008
30.
Karel Gott
–
Karel Gott is a Czech singer, and an amateur painter. He also gained fame in the German-speaking countries and is a fluent speaker of the language. Of his debut LP in Russia there were sold over 5.5 million copies, Gott was born in Pilsen, at that time Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, now Plzeň, Czech Republic), and has lived in Prague since age 6. His family was German Bohemian descent, but has assimilated into Czech national identity and he initially wanted to study art, but failed the exams at UMPRUM, the renowned School of Industrial Art, upon which he began training as an electrician. On completing his studies, he working as an electrician, but was soon fascinated by the new types of music flooding the city. He experimented with playing the bass and the guitar, but eventually decided to focus on singing, studying it privately, during the 1950s, he occasionally performed as an amateur singer and often participated in competitions. In 1958, he participated in a singing contest in the Prague Slavonic House. He utterly failed to impress the judges, but soon made a name for himself in Prague jazz circles, in 1960, he decided to undertake singing professionally. He studied opera at the Prague Conservatory under Konstantin Karenin, a student of the brilliant Russian bass Feodor Chaliapin, knowing of Gotts interest in current musical trends, Karenin instructed him not only in classical Italian pieces, but also in the hits of the day. It was at time that Gott traveled abroad for the first time with the Jazz Orchestra of the Czechoslovak Broadcast. In 1962, Gott released his first single with Supraphon, titled Až nám bude dvakrát tolik, it was a duet with the leading jazz singer, Vlasta Průchová. It was also at this time that Gott was voted into the Zlatý slavík viewers survey, placing 49th, shortly afterwards, in 1963, Gott left the conservatory to continue his studies privately until 1966. In 1963 Gott was offered a place at the recently founded Prague Semafor theater and this was his introduction to performance, where he learned how to communicate with an audience and move on a stage. In the same year, he released his first solo single, a Czech recording of Henry Mancinis Moon River, as well as his song Oči sněhem zaváté, shortly afterwards, Gott received the first of thirty-four awards, given to the most popular artist of the year. Gott established the Apollo Theater in 1965, along with two brothers who were with him in Semafor, Jiří and Ladislav Štaidl. At this point, he was already a star, appearing in the programs Pilgrimage for Two. He began composing his own songs, and toured Czechoslovakia and abroad with the Apollo Theater and that year, he released his first album, Karel Gott Sings with Supraphon to great acclaim. Songs from his Supraphon archives are currently being released by Sony Music Bonton and this first album was followed by an English export album titled The Golden Voice of Prague
Karel Gott
–
Karel Gott in 2014
Karel Gott
–
Karel Gott with German composer
Ralph Siegel in Prague, 2014
Karel Gott
–
Karel Gott during a concert in
Edmonton
Karel Gott
–
Karel Gott,
Filip Albrecht and
Helena Vondráčková in the studio, 2004
31.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
–
A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an
EAN-13 bar code
32.
Johnny Ace
–
John Marshall Alexander, Jr. known by the stage name Johnny Ace, was an American rhythm-and-blues singer. He had a string of hit singles in the mid-1950s and he died of an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound at the age of 25. Alexander was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of a preacher, after serving in the U. S. Navy during the Korean War, he joined Adolph Duncans Band as a pianist. He then joined the B. B. King band, soon King departed for Los Angeles, and the bands singer, Bobby Bland, joined the army. Alexander took over duties and renamed the band the Beale Streeters. He also took over Kings radio show on WDIA and he began performing as Johnny Ace. He signed with Duke Records in 1952 and his first recording, My Song, an urbane heart ballad, topped the R&B chart for nine weeks in September. Ace began heavy touring, often with Willie Mae Big Mama Thornton. In the next two years, he had eight hits in a row, including Cross My Heart, Please Forgive Me, The Clock, Yes, Baby, Saving My Love for You and Never Let Me Go. In December 1954 he was named the Most Programmed Artist of 1954, Aces recordings sold very well for those times. Early in 1955, Duke Records announced that three of his 1954 recordings, along with Thorntons Hound Dog, had more than 1,750,000 copies. After touring for a year, Ace had been performing at the City Auditorium in Houston, Texas, during a break between sets, he was playing with a. 22-caliber revolver. Members of his said he did this often, sometimes shooting at roadside signs from their car. It was widely reported that Ace killed himself playing Russian roulette, however, Big Mama Thorntons bass player, Curtis Tillman, who witnessed the event, said, I will tell you exactly what happened. Johnny Ace had been drinking and he had this little pistol he was waving around the table and someone said ‘Be careful with that thing…’ and he said ‘It’s okay. Gun’s not loaded… see. ’ and pointed it at himself with a smile on his face, Big Mama ran out of the dressing room yelling ‘Johnny Ace just killed himself. Thornton said in a statement that Ace had been playing with the gun. According to Thornton, Ace pointed the gun at his girlfriend and another woman who were sitting nearby and he then pointed the gun toward himself, bragging that he knew which chamber was loaded
Johnny Ace
–
Johnny Ace, c. 1954
33.
Vaya con Dios (song)
–
Vaya con Dios is a popular song written by Larry Russell, Inez James, and Buddy Pepper, and first recorded by Anita ODay in December 1952. Les Paul and Mary Ford had a no.1 recording of the song in 1953, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. The most popular version of the song was recorded by Les Paul and this recording was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 2486 with Johnny as the flip side in May,1953. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 13,1953 and lasted 31 weeks on the chart, reaching number one on August 8, the song also reached number one on the Cash Box chart where it remained at no.1 for five weeks. The Les Paul and Mary Ford single reached no.7 in the UK backed with the Les Paul instrumental composition Deep in the Blues as the flip side, in 2005, the 1953 Les Paul and Mary Ford recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame. The song has been recorded by, Emile Ford and his band The Checkmates on his 1961 album Emile. Pat Boone On duet album Pat & Shirley Boone Side By Side Chuck Berry On album Fresh Berrys Bing Crosby - on his album Bing Sings the Hits Doris Troy On Apple album Doris Troy, song produced by Troy and Beatle George Harrison who also played guitar on it. Recorded in London on September 13,1953 and it was released by EMI on the His Masters Voice label as catalog number B10570. Recorded in London on October 13,1953 as the first melody of the medley Dancing to the piano – Hit medley of waltzes along with My Love, My Love, the medley was released by EMI on the His Masters Voice label as catalog number B10592. Madison, Wisconsin, Wisconsin Historical Society Press,2012, electric Guitar Man, The Genius of Les Paul
Vaya con Dios (song)
–
"Vaya con Dios"
Vaya con Dios (song)
–
1953 sheet music cover for the Les Paul and Mary Ford recording, Ardmore Music. New York.
34.
Sandie Shaw
–
Sandie Shaw is an English singer. One of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s, after a long and successful career, Shaw announced her retirement from the music industry in 2013. Sandra Ann Goodrich was born and brought up in Dagenham, Essex, on leaving school, she worked at the nearby Ford Dagenham factory, and did some part-time modelling before coming second as a singer in a local talent contest. As a prize, she appeared at a charity concert in London and he introduced her to his manager, Eve Taylor, who won her a contract with Pye Records in 1964 and gave her the stage name of Sandie Shaw. Taylor teamed Shaw with songwriter Chris Andrews, who wrote her first single, As Long as Youre Happy Baby, which failed to make the charts. However, for her second single Taylor gave her the Bacharach and David song Always Something There to Remind Me, which had been a No.49 US pop hit for singer Lou Johnson. Shaws version rose quickly to No.1 in the UK Singles Chart in the autumn of 1964, and also charted in the United States at No.52 on the Billboard Hot 100 early the following year. Id Be Far Better Off Without You was issued as the follow-up, but DJs preferred its B-side, Girl Dont Come, also written by Andrews, Girl Dont Come reached No.3 in the UK and became her biggest US hit, reaching No.42. It was followed by hits in the UK including Ill Stop at Nothing, Long Live Love, her second UK No.1 in 1965. The singles were produced by Taylor, Andrews and Shaw herself, Sandie Shaw was a regular on popular British TV programmes of the time such as Top of the Pops, Ready Steady Go. and Thank Your Lucky Stars. She was seen as epitomising the swinging Sixties, and her trademark barefoot performances endeared her to the public at large and she also recorded most of her hit singles in Italian, French, German and Spanish boosting her popularity in Europe. She was popular across South America, performed behind the Iron Curtain, Shaw also released several original albums in the 1960s, Sandie, Me, Love Me, Please Love Me, The Sandie Shaw Supplement and Reviewing the Situation. These albums generally consisted of Andrews-penned songs mixed with cover versions of songs made popular by other musicians, by 1967 Shaws record sales were declining and her manager decided on more of a cabaret appeal. She was invited by the BBC to represent the UK in that years Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna and it gave her a third UK No.1 single, a record for a female at the time. Puppet on a String also became a hit and the largest-selling single of the year in Germany, qualifying for a gold disc for one million plus sales in the UK. Her Eurovision success almost did not happen, the BBC wanted to drop her because she had been the woman in a divorce case. Fashion had become another of Shaws trademarks, and in 1968 she began the Sandie Shaw fashion label, selling her own brand of clothing, in the same year she hosted her own TV show, The Sandie Shaw Supplement, and issued an LP of the same title. Shaw was to have made her debut in Mrs. Brown, Youve Got a Lovely Daughter
Sandie Shaw
–
Sandie Shaw in 1967
35.
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
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The UK Singles Chart is the official record chart in the United Kingdom. The choice to use Record Retailer as the source for the 1960s has been contentious because NME had the biggest circulation of periodicals in the decade and was more widely followed. As well as the chart compilers mentioned previously, Melody Maker, Disc, due to the lack of any official chart the BBC aggregated results from all these charts to announce its own Pick of the Pops chart. One source explains that the reason for using the Record Retailer chart for the 1960s was that it was the chart to have as many as 50 positions for almost the entire decade. The sample size of Record Retailer in the early 1960s was around 30 stores whereas NME, in 1969, the first BMRB chart was compiled using postal returns of sales logs from 250 record shops. In terms of singles, The Beatles were the most successful group of the decade having seventeen singles reach the top spot. The Beatles song She Loves You became the single of all time in 1963. She Loves You was the song of the decade and one of fourteen songs believed to have sold over one million copies in the 1960s. The following artists achieved three or more hits during the 1960s. Cliff Richard achieved seven number ones, two solo and five with the Shadows, the Shadows had a total of ten number ones, five solo and five with Cliff Richard. Information about when a record was classified gold by Disc is not well documented, the awards relied on record companies correctly compiling and supplying sales information. This could lead to errors, such as The Archies Sugar, Sugar incorrectly being awarded a gold disc in January 1970, such inaccuracies led to the instigation of official classifications by the BPI. Nevertheless, following the introduction of music downloads in 2004, Sugar, Sugar passed the sales mark. The Shadows instrumental, Apache, is the first known song to being awarded Discs gold record, the awarding of fifteen gold records is documented and, notably, five were awarded to releases by The Beatles. No song is believed to have one million copies after 1967 – The Last Waltz by Engelbert Humperdinck –. Although The Righteous Brothers first released Unchained Melody in August 1965 it had success after being re-released in the 1990s reaching number one. Every Chart-Topper Tells a Story, The Sixties, edinburgh, Mainstream Publishing,1997 ISBN 1-85158-836-1, 288p. Archive of all UK Number One Singles of the 1960s with images of original packaging
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
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The Beatles had seventeen number-one singles in the 1960s, more than any other artist. Their single "
She Loves You " was the best-selling of the decade.
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
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Elvis Presley had eleven number-ones throughout the decade and "
It's Now or Never " spent an unsurpassed (but equalled) eight weeks at number one during the 1960s.
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
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Cliff Richard achieved seven of his number-one singles during the 1960s.
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)
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The Everly Brothers had the best-selling single of 1960 with "
Cathy's Clown ".
36.
The Hollies
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The Hollies are an English pop/rock group, best known for their pioneering and distinctive three-part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s and it was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in 1962 as a Merseybeat type music group in Manchester, although some of the band members came from towns north of there. Graham Nash left the group in 1968 to form the supergroup Crosby and they enjoyed considerable popularity in many countries, although they did not achieve major US chart success until 1966 with Bus Stop. They are one of the few British pop groups of the early 1960s, along with The Rolling Stones and The Who, in recognition of their achievements, The Hollies were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. The Hollies originated as a duo formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash, eventually Clarke and Nash became a vocal and guitar duo modelled on The Everly Brothers under the names Ricky and Dane Young. Under this name, they teamed up with a band, the Fourtones, consisting of Pete Bocking, John Butch Mepham, Keith Bates. The Deltas first called themselves The Hollies for a December 1962 gig at the Oasis Club in Manchester, in 2009, Nash wrote, We called ourselves The Hollies, after Buddy and Christmas. Richards offered them an audition with Parlophone, but Steele did not want to be a professional musician and their second single, another cover of The Coasters, this time 1957s Searchin, hit No.12. They then scored their first British Top 10 hit in early 1964 with a cover of Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs Stay, which reached No.8 in the UK. It was lifted from the bands Parlophone debut album, Stay with the Hollies, released on 1 January 1964, a version of the album was released in the US as Here I Go Again, on the Hollies US label of the time, Imperial. The Hollies became known for doing cover versions, and they followed up with Just One Look, the hits continued with Here I Go Again. Like their Parlophone labelmates the Beatles, the Hollies albums released in North America would remain very different from their UK counterparts and this was followed by two more cover versions, Yes I Will, and finally the Clint Ballard, Jr. -penned Im Alive. Their second album, In The Hollies Style, did not chart and none of its tracks were released in the US, finally, The Hollies broke through in North America with an original song that they requested from Manchesters Graham Gouldman. Look Through Any Window broke the Hollies into the US Top 40 and into the Canadian top 10 and their third album, simply called Hollies, hit No.8 in the UK in 1965, but failed to chart in the US under the name Hear. Despite its inclusion of Look Through Any Window and Im Alive, the Hollies then returned to the UK Top 10 with I Cant Let Go, their fourth album, Would You Believe. Which included the hit, made it to No.16 in 1966, released in the US as Beat Group. It also failed to crack the US top 100, at this point, a dispute between The Hollies and their management broke out over what bass guitarist Eric Haydock contended were excessive fees being charged to the group by management. As a result, Haydock decided to take a leave of absence from the group, Calvert also played a tour of Yugoslavia with the band in May 1966
The Hollies
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The Hollies in 1965 (L-R: Eric Haydock, Allan Clarke, Graham Nash, Tony Hicks, Bobby Elliott)
37.
Elvis Presley albums discography
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The Recording Industry Association of America first began tracking sales of Elvis Presley in 1958, who didnt receive his first Gold Album award until 1958. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, according to the latest data from the RIAA website, Elvis has a total of 90 gold,53 platinum and 25 multi-platinum album awards by the organization. According to Presleys record label, RCA, their estimation is the best selling artist of all time, notes A^ Half soundtrack album/half compilation of previously issued non-movie recordings. There is also the Movie Soundtrack Series usually released as a single CD, list of songs recorded by Elvis Presley Guralnick, Peter and Jorgensen, Ernst. Elvis, Day By Day - The Definitive Record of His Life, Elvis Presley, A Life In Music - The Complete Recording Sessions. ISBN 0-312-18572-3 Elvis Presley discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs Elvis The Music official music label site ElvisRecords. us The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
Elvis Presley albums discography
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Publicity photo for
Jailhouse Rock (1957)
38.
Elvis Presley singles discography
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The discography of Elvis Presley starts on July 19,1954, with the release of his first commercial single, and ends in February 1978. All other releases are included in the sections, and obviously all compact disc box sets were also released after Presleys death. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, according to Presleys record label, RCA, he is the best selling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats. Both of these claims were disputed by music historian Joel Whitburn, Whitburn lists Elvis as having 18 number 1 hits and 38 top ten hits. Elvis Presley Enterprises claims Elvis had 40 top ten hits, the differences depend on whether a double-sided hit single is counted as one hit single, or two hit songs. Before the age of compact discs and digital downloads, singles were released on vinyl 45 RPM records. Both songs of many Elvis singles became hits and were listed on the charts, Hound Dog / Dont Be Cruel was a double sided hit single that topped the Billboard Sales chart for 11 weeks in 1956. At the time, Hound Dog was listed as the number 1 A-side for the first five weeks, now Billboard lists it as a single double sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts, as well as rival music publications, Cash Box, another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. Elvis Presley Enterprises has disputed the RIAA’s claim, pointing out several omissions in the RIAA’s figures. The RIAA bases its claim on album sales only, and does not include sales in determining the highest selling solo artist. While Elvis’ album sales are significant, his sales were also significant as can be seen in the tables below. During much of Elvis’ career in the 1950s and 1960s, single sales were considered the market for the industry. It was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that albums became the market for the industry. RIAA does not certify sales of less than 500,000 units for albums, Elvis has had numerous albums and singles which have sold hundreds of thousands of units each but have not reached the 500,000 threshold. Taken together, these could add up to millions in sales that are not recognized by the RIAA. RIAA sales certifications are not automatic, the record company must pay a fee and request an audit from the RIAA in order to certify sales. During Elvis’ life, RCA submitted few of Elvis’ recordings for RIAA certification, instead of paying for RIAA certification, RCA and other companies would simply award their own “Gold Record” to artists based on their internal sales figures
Elvis Presley singles discography
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Publicity photo for
Jailhouse Rock (1957)
39.
Elvis Presley (album)
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Elvis Presley is the debut studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley. It was released on RCA Victor, in mono, catalogue number LPM1254, in March 1956. The recording sessions took place on January 10 and January 11 at the RCA Victor recording studios in Nashville, Tennessee, and on January 30 and January 31 at the RCA Victor studios in New York. Additional material originated from sessions at Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on July 5, August 19 and September 10 of 1954, in 2003, it was ranked number 56 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Elvis Presley was also one of three Presley albums to receive accolades in the reference book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die and it was certified Gold on November 1,1966 and Platinum on August 8,2011 by the Recording Industry Association of America. The original 1956 UK release called Rock n Roll on HMV Catalogue Number, at the urging of Parker, on November 21,1955, Sholes bought Presleys contract from Sam Phillips, the head of Sun Records and Studio, for the unprecedented sum of $35,000. Presley made appearances in four weeks on the Dorsey Brothers television program Stage Show in early 1956, on January 28, February 4, February 11. At the same time, there had only two series of Presley recording sessions for RCA Victor by the end of the Dorsey stint, after which Presley. Those two sessions yielded an additional eleven tracks, almost enough to fill an entire LP, although some tracks had singles potential. Phillips produced the sessions at Sun, and no producer was officially listed for the RCA Victor sessions, as the Sun tracks were mostly country-styled, Elvis and RCA leavened the selections with covers of recent rhythm and blues songs. Two of these, Money Honey by Jesse Stone, known to Elvis from a version by Clyde McPhatter, a third was the frenetic announcement to the world of the existence of Little Richard in 1955, Tutti Frutti. Instead, it was diverted into being the track on the album. RCA first issued the original 12 track album in reprocessed stereo on compact disc in 1984 and this issue was quickly withdrawn and the album was reissued in original monophonic sound. In 1999, it was reissued with a running order, adding on six bonus tracks from three non-album singles, including the chart-toppers Heartbreak Hotel and I Want You, I Need You. In 2005, the album was reissued again, remastered using DSD technology with the six bonus tracks appended in standard fashion, a two-disc set was released on the Follow That Dream collectors label on August 15,2006, with bonus tracks and numerous alternate takes. The cover is ranked number 40 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 greatest album covers, the photograph was taken at the Fort Homer Hesterly Armory in Tampa, Florida, on July 31,1955. Initially it was thought that Popsie Randolph took the iconic image featured on the front cover, however, in August,2002, Joseph A. Tunzi documented that the actual photographer was William V. Red Robertson of Robertson & Fresch, Tunzi was quoted in the Tampa Tribune as saying, Forget about Popsie
Elvis Presley (album)
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Elvis Presley
40.
Elvis (1956 album)
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Elvis / Elvis Presley No.2 is the second studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in October 1956 in mono. It spent four weeks at #1 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart that year and it was certified Gold on February 17,1960, and Platinum on August 10,2011, by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was originally released in UK in 1957 as Elvis Presley No.2 with a different front cover and it was also catalogued as Rock n Roll No.2. The latter two, contracted to Hill and Range, the company of Presleys manager, Colonel Tom Parker. Also included was the song with which Presley won second prize at a fair in Tupelo when he was ten years old, Red Foleys 1941 country song, Old Shep. With all but one track on the album recorded at a set of sessions over three days in September, Presley and his touring band of Scotty Moore, Bill Black. Fontana, along with The Jordanaires, managed to recreate the loose feel from Sun Studio days, mixing rhythm and blues and country and western repertoire items as they had on all of his Sun singles. The piano player on this album is not registered in the official RCA archives, except for the song So Glad Youre Mine, which was cut at a previous session in New York. In a 1984 interview conducted by Jan-Erik Kjeseth, Gordon Stoker of the Jordanaires stated that he was the player on most of the songs on the album. In an article written by Kjeseth for the Flaming Star magazine, it was argued that the player on Love Me, Old Shep. Ernst Jørgensen, writer of Elvis Presley - A Study in Music, Kjeseth also claims that Elvis played the piano on the single from this session, Playing for Keeps. Again, Jørgensen seems to be of the same opinion, Gordon Stoker played the piano on Rip it Up and Anyplace is Paradise. RCA first reissued the original 12-track album on Compact Disc in 1984 and this issue, in reprocessed stereo sound, was quickly withdrawn and the disc was reissued in original monophonic. RCA reissued an expanded edition of the album in 1999, for the 1999 reissue, six bonus tracks were added that were both sides of three singles, altering the running order. Four of the tracks were chart-toppers, Love Me Tender, Too Much, and the double-sided classic Hound Dog and Dont Be Cruel. Bonus tracks recorded on July 2 at RCA Studios in New York City, in September at Radio Recorders and these rock-nroll tapes are believed to have been among those ignobly dumped into the Delaware River near RCA Victors Camden, New Jersey plant in the late 1950s. J. Fontana – drums The Jordanaires - backing vocals Chart positions for LPM1382 from Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, the album tracks are presented in the same order as on the original LP, followed by the six bonus tracks that were included on the 1999 reissue. Elvis Presley, A Life In Music - The Complete Recording Sessions,1998, the Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll, revised first edition,1980
Elvis (1956 album)
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Elvis
41.
Peace in the Valley (EP)
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Peace in the Valley is an extended play single by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono, catalogue number EPA4054, in April 1957. The recordings included were taken from sessions on January 12,13 and it reached number three on the short-lived Billboard EP chart, and number three on the album chart, and number 39 on the singles chart. By the 1950s, Presleys hometown of Memphis, Tennessee had become a center for music in the United States. Presley grew up listening to music, and maintained an abiding love for gospel singing his entire life. This EP initiated Presleys commercial presentation of this interest, Presley would go on to make many more recordings of spiritual music, including the issue of the gospel albums His Hand In Mine, How Great Thou Art, and He Touched Me. All four selections are gospel classics, including two by Thomas A. Dorsey the father of black gospel, the four songs are all reverential in spirit, rather than celebratory, uptempo gospel songs. Six months after the appearance of this EP, the four songs issued here would be added to eight recordings of Christmas songs for his first holiday album, J. Fontana – drums Neal Matthews - Jordanaires group member Hugh Jarrett - Jordanaires group member
Peace in the Valley (EP)
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Peace in the Valley
42.
For LP Fans Only
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For LP Fans Only is the seventh album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor in February 1959. The album reached number 19 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, a recording session was arranged for two days in June, which yielded enough items for five more single sides, singles being the commercial focus for rock and roll in the 1950s. Four of those tracks would be issued on 45s in 1958 and 1959 during his absence while doing military service, Presley, however, also did well in the albums market. Each of his previous six LPs charted no lower than three, and RCA wished to continue to release albums by their hot commodity given his sales record. Much of Presleys material had been issued on records, not on LP. For this album, RCA Victor collected nine tracks previously available in form only. Four of the tracks had been issued on Sun Records with limited release, however all 5 Sun singles were reissued by RCA in November 1955 and remained in print through the 1970s. This album was the release of Elvis first commercial recording Thats All Right in the United Kingdom. It was never issued as a single there during Presleys lifetime, RCA reissued For LP Fans Only on compact disc in 1989. Audiophile CD recordings are available on import in the United States, the album is included in a 25 disc package, The Perfect Blues Collection, released by Sony in 2011. Elvis Presley – vocals, guitar Scotty Moore – guitar Chet Atkins – guitar Floyd Cramer – piano Shorty Long – piano Gordon Stoker – piano, Elvis Presley, A Life In Music - The Complete Recording Sessions. ISBN 0-312-18572-3 LPM-1990 For LP Fans Only Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
For LP Fans Only
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For LP Fans Only
43.
A Date with Elvis
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A Date with Elvis is the eighth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued on RCA Victor Records in July 1959. It is a selection of unreleased material from an August 1956 recording session at 20th Century Fox Stage One. The album reached #32 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, a recording session was arranged for two days in June, which yielded enough items for five more single sides, singles being the commercial focus for rock and roll in the 1950s. Four of those tracks would be issued on 45s in 1958 and 1959 during his absence while doing military service, much of Presleys material had not been released on LP, and for this album RCA collected material previously unavailable on album. Like its predecessor For LP Fans Only, this album featured tracks that had issued on Sun Records with limited release. However all 5 Sun singles were reissued by RCA in November 1955, the remaining five tracks derived from three different EPs issued in 1956 and 1957. RCA would squeeze one more album in 1959 out of previously issued material, the singles collection. Presley would return from overseas in 1960 to commence proper recording again and this album also folds out to be a calendar for the year 1960. A different version of the album, duplicating six tracks from the American release, RCA issued the original 10-track album on compact disc in 1989. Audiophile CD recordings are available on import in the United States, in 1986, The Cramps released an otherwise unrelated album also entitled A Date with Elvis. Elvis Presley – vocals, guitar Scotty Moore – guitar Dudley Brooks – piano Mike Stoller – piano, backing vocals Bill Black – bass D
A Date with Elvis
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A Date with Elvis
44.
Elvis Is Back!
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Elvis Is Back. is the tenth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley. It was released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo in April 1960, recorded over two sessions in March and April, the album marked Presleys return to recording after his discharge from the U. S. Army. In 1957, as Presleys fame was soaring, he received a notice from the Memphis Draft Board. During Presleys two-year military service in Germany, RCA Victor and Paramount Pictures progressively released material he had completed prior to enlistment, during his last months in the Army, Presley experimented with new sounds and worked on further improving his performance. He also prepared material for his first session in Nashville, which was scheduled to take place upon his return, Presley returned to the United States on March 2,1960. The singer reunited with his original band The Blue Moon Boys, the first session was held on March 20–21 and the second session was held on April 3–4, completing the album. Topped the UK Albums Chart and reached two in Billboards Top LPs. Initially, the release received mixed reviews, but over subsequent years its critical reception became more positive. The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1999, following his third and last appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show, Presley received a notice from the Memphis draft board on January 8,1957. The board announced his 1A classification and his draft before the end of the year. During the first half of 1957, Presley had three number one hits with Too Much, All Shook Up, and Teddy Bear and his second film, Loving You, opened on July 30 to box office success. His Christmas album was released on October 15 and his film, Jailhouse Rock. On December 20, Presley received his draft notice and he was granted a deferment so he could finish the forthcoming film King Creole, which had already received an investment of $350,000 from Paramount Pictures and producer Hal Wallis. At the beginning of 1958, Presleys single Dont topped the charts, Presley was inducted into the Army on March 24,1958. Soon after starting basic training at Fort Hood, Texas, he received a visit from Eddie Fadal, according to Fadal, Presley firmly believed his career was finished. After completing training, he joined the 3rd Armored Division in Friedberg, Germany, media reports echoed Presleys concerns about his career, but RCA producer Steve Sholes and Freddy Bienstock of Hill and Range had carefully prepared for his two-year absence. Prepared with unreleased material, they kept up a stream of regular, RCA also released four albums compiling old material during this period, most successfully Elvis Golden Records and 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Cant Be Wrong. During his final months in the Army, Presley started to experiment with new material and thinking ahead to his anticipated return to recording
Elvis Is Back!
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Elvis Is Back!
Elvis Is Back!
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Presley (left) in May 1960, soon after the album release
45.
Something for Everybody
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Something for Everybody is the thirteenth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2370, in June 1961. Recording sessions took place on November 8,1960, at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, in the United States, it peaked at number 1 on Billboards Top Pop LPs chart. It was certified Gold on July 15,1999 by the Recording Industry Association of America, after his military discharge from the army in March 1960, any doubts about Presleys ability to recapture the momentum of his career in the 1950s had been laid to rest. During that year his three singles had all topped the charts, and his first album, Elvis Is Back, had gone to number 2 on the albums chart. Blues had been successful, its soundtrack album also going to number 1. Pressing on, he entered the familiar Studio B in Nashville and recorded eleven of the tracks for this album in one twelve-hour session, in addition to the single I Feel So Bad. Another track that had appeared in the film but not released commercially on records, I Slipped, I Stumbled, I Fell, became the final track for the album. The July 13,1999, compact disc reissue included six tracks, four singles and two b-sides recorded over the span of a year and issued in 1961 and 1962. All of the made the Top 40 at a time when Billboard charted B-sides as well. Surrender had been recorded at the sessions for Presleys gospel album of 1960, His Hand in Mine, the entirety of the 1999 reissue appeared on the Legacy Edition reissue of Elvis Is Back. Bonus tracks were all recorded at Studio B in Nashville, in 2006 Something for Everybody was reissued on the Follow That Dream label as a special 2-disc CD collection containing the original tracks along with numerous alternate takes
Something for Everybody
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Something for Everybody
46.
Pot Luck (Elvis Presley album)
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Pot Luck with Elvis is the fifteenth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2523, in June 1962. Recording sessions took place on March 22,1961, at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, and on June 25 and October 15,1961 and it peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Top LPs chart. The album is dominated by the team of Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman, who had written the chart-topping Surrender. The tracks Kiss Me Quick and Suspicion would be pulled off for a Top 40 single almost two years later in April 1964, following a hit version of the latter song by Terry Stafford. Thats Someone You Never Forget, with concept and title by Presley, was written in conjunction with Red West and possibly in memory of Elvis deceased mother, Gladys Presley. The song would go to number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1967 as the B-side to the single Long Legged Girl. Another song from sessions, Youll Be Gone, written by Presley and West. The song Steppin Out of Line is a track from the sessions for Blue Hawaii. Blues and Blue Hawaii, a pattern that would continue to hold for Presley through the mid-1960s, as a result, Presley would concentrate on his movie career, and not make another non-soundtrack, non-gospel studio album for another seven years, until From Elvis in Memphis. The three single sides had been recorded at the sessions that yielded the balance of the album on March 18 and 19,1962, one single had both sides written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, while Youll Be Gone had been issued as a b-side in 1965. The bonus tracks were all recorded at Studio B in Nashville, pot Luck was reissued on the Follow That Dream label in 2007 in a deluxe 2-disc CD collection containing the original album along with numerous alternate takes from the original recording sessions
Pot Luck (Elvis Presley album)
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Pot Luck with Elvis
47.
Elvis for Everyone!
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Is the twenty-third album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP3450, in August 1965. Recording sessions took place over a span at Sun Studio in Memphis, RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee. It peaked at number 10 on the Top Pop Albums chart, sessions in late May 1963 failed to coalesce into his fifth studio album of the 1960s, and by 1965 Presleys musical output had been focused exclusively on his movie career and soundtrack output. He had not released a studio album since Pot Luck in June 1962. RCA Victor invented the concept of an Anniversary Album to celebrate Presleys tenth year with the label, the albums cover depicting Presley standing next to the RCA Victor trademark Nipper the dog, sitting atop a cash register. Since May 1963, Presley had only made one non-movie session in January 1964 that yielded a mere three tracks, two of which had already been issued as sides for singles. Bereft of new material, RCA Victor assembled this album from unused tracks going all the way back to the Sun Records years, from sessions for both soundtracks and regular commercial releases. Possibly owing to its assembly from scraps and rejects, although it made the top ten on the LP chart, several tracks had appeared on film, but had not been issued on record before. In My Way had appeared in the 1961 film Wild in the Country, Sound Advice in the 1962 film Follow That Dream, the remaining eight tracks had been unissued in any form. RCA had intended to include the unreleased Sun Records track Tennessee Saturday Night, in 2014 Elvis for Everyone was reissued on the Follow That Dream label in a special 2-disc edition that contained the original album tracks along with numerous alternate takes
Elvis for Everyone!
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Elvis for Everyone!
Elvis for Everyone!
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Malaysian release
48.
From Elvis in Memphis
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From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley, released on RCA Records. It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band, informally known as The Memphis Boys. Presleys entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record album at American Sound. The reason for going to Momans studio was for the sound of the house band. The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the soul style. This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements, in any case, the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound. From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews. The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200, number two on the charts and number one in the United Kingdom, and its single In the Ghetto reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970, in later years, it garnered further favorable reviews, while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazines 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. After Presleys 1960 return from service, his manager, Colonel Tom Parker, shifted the focus of the singers career from live music and albums to films. In March 1961, he performed what would become his last live concert for the eight years. After 1964, Parker decided that Presley should only record soundtrack albums and he viewed the films and soundtracks as complementary, with each helping to promote the other. As it turned out, the success of Presleys films and soundtracks steadily diminished. From 1964 to 1968, Presley had just one hit, Crying in the Chapel. Only one LP of new material by Presley was issued, the gospel album How Great Thou Art, in 1968, Colonel Parker arranged a deal with NBC for a Christmas television special starring Presley in front of a live audience. Parker originally planned to have Presley sing Christmas carols only, the high ratings received by the special and the success of its attendant LP re-established Presleys popularity. During the making of the special, Presley said to Binder, Ill never sing another song that I dont believe in, as part of his decision to refocus on music rather than film, Presley decided to record a new album. Presley left his usual musicians and studios, recording new material in Memphis, after the special he approached Scotty Moore and D. J. Fontana, who had played with Presley during his early hit-making career, and who rejoined him on the television show
From Elvis in Memphis
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From Elvis in Memphis
