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Cultivation System
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The Cultivation System was a system of forced labor used to grow cash crops to pay taxes and for export. It was Dutch government policy from 1830 until 1870 in its Dutch East Indies colony, requiring
Sorting tobacco leaves in Java during colonial period, in/before 1939.
Sorting tobacco leaves in Java during colonial period, in/before 1939.
Collecting natural rubbers in plantation in Java. Rubber tree was introduced by the Dutch from South America.
Collecting natural rubbers in plantation in Java. Rubber tree was introduced by the Dutch from South America.
Nicolaes Visscher Indiae Orientalis
Nicolaes Visscher Indiae Orientalis
Indigofera
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Indigofera is a large genus of over 750 species of flowering plants belonging to the pea family Fabaceae. They are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Cultivation System
…VOC regime. The cultivation system is linked to famines and epidemics in the 1840s, firstly in Cirebon and then Central Java, as cash crops such as indigo and sugar had to be grown instead of rice. By the late 18th century, the business model of the old Dutch East India Company, reliant on monopolies and…
Indigofera tinctoria 1
Indigofera tinctoria 1