1.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
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Aaron Shikler
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Aaron Abraham Shikler was an American artist noted for portraits of American statesmen and celebrities like Jane Engelhard and Sister Parish. Shikler was born in Brooklyn, New York on March 18,1922 and his parents were Eastern European immigrants who came to the United States before World War I. After graduating from The High School of Music & Art in 1940, Shikler studied at the Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia and he married Barbara Lurie who he met at Tyler, and had two children, Cathy and Clifford, with her. Barbara was diagnosed with cancer and died in 1998. He also painted the official White House portraits of First Ladies Jacqueline Kennedy and Nancy Reagan, Shikler was elected a centennial fellow of Temple University in 1985, an academician of the National Academy of Design in 1965 and an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1962. Shikler received the Louis Comfort Tiffany Award in 1957 and the Thomas B. Clarke Prize in 1958,1960, and 1961. In 1976, he received the State Department Traveling Grant, a Certificate of Honor at the Tyler School of Art, Shikler continued to paint in his studio at home until he died of kidney failure on November 12,2015, surrounded by his friends and family. He was survived by his two children, oil Portrait of John F. Kennedy Brief biography at the Davis & Langdale gallery Renowned Painter Aaron Shikler Reveals Stories behind Famous White House Portraits
3.
List of presidents of the United States
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The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is elected to a four-year term by the people through an Electoral College. Since the office was established in 1789,44 people have served as president, the first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two terms in office, and is counted as the nations 22nd and 24th president. Thus the incumbent, Donald Trump, is the nations 45th president, there are currently five living former presidents. The most recent death of a president was on December 26,2006 with the death of Gerald Ford. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office, dying 31 days after taking office in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes, four were assassinated, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tylers precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this Provision when he appointed Gerald Ford to the office, later, Ford became the second to do so when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him. Previously, a vacancy was left unfilled. Throughout most of its history, politics of the United States have been dominated by political parties, the Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington Administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and he was, and remains, the only U. S. president never to be affiliated with a political party. Since Washington, every president has been affiliated with a party at the time they assumed office. Four presidents held other high U. S. federal offices after leaving the presidency, several presidents campaigned unsuccessfully for other U. S. state or federal elective offices after leaving the presidency. Additionally, one president, John Tyler, served in the government of the Confederate States during the American Civil War
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President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
5.
PT 109 (film)
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The film was adapted by Vincent Flaherty and Howard Sheehan from the book PT109, John F. Kennedy in World War II by Robert J. Donovan, and the screenplay was written by Robert L. Breen. Cliff Robertson stars as Kennedy, with featured performances by Ty Hardin, James Gregory, Robert Culp, PT109 was the first commercial theatrical film about a sitting United States President released while he was still in office and still alive. It was released in the United States on June 19,1963, Kennedy lobbies for command of a PT boat, and is assigned to the 109, a badly damaged boat that is in dire need of repair and overhaul. The crew includes Kennedys executive officer, Ensign Leonard J. Thom, on one mission, the PT109 is sent to evacuate paramarines after their Raid on Choiseul. Kennedy successfully takes aboard the survivors, but barely gets out of range of Japanese mortars before running out of fuel, the tide starts to carry the boat back toward the island. Kennedy, his crew, and the rescued Marines face the prospect of a fight for their lives. While on patrol one, dark, moonless night in August 1943, Kennedy, having survived the collision, searches for survivors, despite suffering from a back injury. When Kennedy and his men are presumed dead by nearby allies, Kennedy leads the survivors in swimming to a deserted island, after a few days, Kennedy encounters two natives and gives them a carved message on a coconut. Fortunately for the sailors, they take it to an Australian coastwatcher, who sends more natives to the island who take Kennedy with them and the coastwatcher arranges for a rescue. Afterward, Kennedy is eligible to transfer back to the U. S. but is assigned command of another PT boat that has been modified as a gunboat, PT59, and elects to stay in the fight. Cliff Robertson as LTJG John F. Kennedy Ty Hardin as ENS Leonard J. Thom James Gregory as CDR C. R, the film was made under the personal supervision of Warners head of production, Jack L. Warner. The White House had full approval of casting and other aspects of the film, contract stars Edd Byrnes, Peter Brown, Chad Everett, and Roger Smith. Kennedy selected Robertson after viewing the screen tests, in his autobiography Kookie, No More Edd Byrnes said he was told President John F. Kennedy didnt want to be played by Kookie. Kennedy also vetoed Raoul Walsh as the director of the film after screening Walshs Marines Lets Go, milestone was replaced by Leslie Martinson, a television director with little experience making films. The exteriors were filmed at Little Palm Island, now a resort in the Florida Keys, power and fresh water were run out to the island for the film, allowing the resort to be built years later. The building of the sets for the film, and the bringing in of boats and other paraphernalia, former WW II era USAAF85 crash boats were converted to resemble the 80 Elco PT boats. These crash boats were designed by Dair N, long in 1944 and their use as movie props were ideal because they possessed performance and profiles similar to the Elco PT boats. Similarly, American AT-6 Texan training planes stood in for Japanese Zeroes, U. S. Navy support also included a Landing Ship Tank, the destroyer USS Saufley, and smaller vessels such as landing craft and motor whaleboats from nearby Naval Station Key West
6.
The Missiles of October
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The Missiles of October is a 1974 docudrama made-for-television play about the Cuban Missile Crisis. The teleplay introduced William Devane as John F. Kennedy and cast Martin Sheen as United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, the script is based on Robert Kennedys book Thirteen Days, A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the play, Kennedy compares events in the book to the crisis with the Soviet Union. Staged as a two and an hour television play, the production eschews physical action and detailed sets and wardrobes, in favor of emphasis on dialogue, emotion. Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson, and former Secretary of State Dean Acheson in the crisis and it details US attempts to give the Soviets room to negotiate without appearing to capitulate, and also periodically depicts Khrushchev reporting progress of the events to his Communist Party cohorts. Johnson, who was a member of EXCOMM, is not portrayed by any actor in the docudrama, the play was directed by Anthony Page with writing credits given to Stanley R. Greenberg and Robert Kennedy. Chief of Naval Operations James Hong as U Thant, U. N. Secretary General John Randolph as George Ball, Undersecretary of State Wright King as Richard Russell Jr. Senator Byron Morrow as J. William Fulbright, Senator] Arthur Franz as Charles A. Halleck, Congressman Ron Feinberg as Charles de Gaulle and that same year Greenberg won the Humanitas Prize in the 90-minute category. In 1997 the play won a Producers Guild of America Hall of Fame award
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Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy
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Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy is a 1977 television movie that originally aired on ABC. Based upon the biography by Hank Searls called The Lost Prince, Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy, Young Joe stars Peter Strauss in the titular role and was directed by Richard T. Heffron. The production was filmed in Seattle, reviews of the film were mixed. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette columnist Win Fanning gave it a positive review. Author Lawrence J. Young Joe received three nominations at the 1978 Primetime Emmy Awards, including one for Outstanding Special - Drama or Comedy, greenway Sam Chew, Jr. Jack Kennedy Patrick Labyorteaux. English Major List of television films produced for American Broadcasting Company Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Kennedy (miniseries)
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Kennedy is a 1983 American-British five-hour television miniseries written by Reg Gadney and directed by Jim Goddard. The miniseries is a biography of the 1961-1963 presidency of John F. Kennedy, the series was originally broadcast on NBC, and was also sold to 50 countries, with 27 of them broadcasting the series simultaneously. The series was nominated for 3 Golden Globes and 4 BAFTA, in the scene before Jackie goes into labor with baby Patrick, she mentions Marilyn Monroe performing at Jacks birthday gala in New York, but the year is 1963. Monroe had already been dead for over a year by then, in another scene before baby Patrick is born, Martin Luther King, Jr. gives his I Have a Dream speech, which the Kennedy family see on TV. In reality that event did not occur until two weeks and five days after the death of baby Patrick, who died prematurely on August 9, in the movie it is the other way around. The moon-shots happened before the racial tensions in reality, the Kennedys The Kennedys Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database
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Prince Jack
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Although primarily a dramatic narrative, Prince Jack also uses satire and black humor, especially with regard to the Kennedy brothers complicated relationship with Lyndon B. Johnson. Prince Jack covers the period from the Democratic National Convention in July 1960 to the autumn of 1963, the film was written and directed by Bert Lovitt. Robert J. Hogan - John F. Kennedy James F. Kelly - Robert F. Kennedy Lloyd Nolan - Joseph P. Kennedy, James F. Kelly portrayed Robert F. Kennedy a total of seven times in different productions between 1981 and 1997. He also portrayed John F. Kennedy once, Prince Jack was available on VHS but does not appear to have been released in DVD format. The Kennedys The Kennedys Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Prince Jack at the Internet Movie Database
10.
The Kennedys of Massachusetts
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The Kennedys of Massachusetts is a 1990 TV miniseries that aired on ABC. Focusing mainly on the fifty-four year marriage of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. the events depicted in the series are based upon the book by Doris Kearns Goodwin titled The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, An American Saga. The series aired across three nights, and earned an Emmy and a Golden Globe, the series begins in Boston in 1906, prior to John F. Fitzgerald being sworn in as city mayor. The Kennedys, as well as Fitzgeralds daughters, most notably Rose attend the swearing in ceremony, Joe Kennedy is shown to be smitten with Rose. The first episode covers their courtship, education, marriage and growth of their family, although Rose briefly leaves Joe, John persuades his daughter to return to her husband. The second episode focuses on the eldest Kennedy children Joe Jr, Jack and Kathleen, Joe Jrs academic success and his fathers favouritism bothers Jack, who feels he is equally as intelligent as his brother
11.
JFK (film)
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JFK is a 1991 American conspiracy-thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It examines the events leading to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the film was adapted by Stone and Zachary Sklar from the books On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison and Crossfire, The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs. Stone described this account as a counter-myth to the Warren Commissions fictional myth, the film became embroiled in controversy. After a slow start at the box office, the film picked up momentum. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was the most successful of three films Stone made about American presidents, followed by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush. The film opens with footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This is followed by a summary of John F. Kennedys years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stones thesis and this builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22,1963. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison subsequently learns about potential links to the assassination in New Orleans, Kennedys suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation. The investigation is reopened in 1966 after Garrison reads the Warren Report, Garrison and his staff interrogate several witnesses to the Kennedy assassination, and others involved with Oswald, Ruby, and Ferrie. One such witness is Willie OKeefe, a male prostitute serving five years in prison for soliciting, as well as briefly meeting Oswald, OKeefe was romantically involved with a man called Clay Bertrand. Garrisons staff also test the single bullet theory by aiming an empty rifle from the window through which Oswald was alleged to have shot Kennedy and they conclude that Oswald was too poor a marksman to make the shots, indicating someone else, or multiple marksmen, were involved. In 1968, Garrison meets a figure in Washington D. C. who identifies himself as X. X explains that the President was killed because he wanted to pull the United States out of the Vietnam War, X encourages Garrison to keep digging and prosecute New Orleans-based international businessman Clay Shaw for his alleged involvement. Upon interrogating Shaw, the businessman denies any knowledge of meeting Ferrie, OKeefe or Oswald, some of Garrisons staff begin to doubt his motives and disagree with his methods, and leave the investigation. Garrisons marriage is strained when his wife Liz complains that he is spending time on the case than with his own family. After a sinister phone call is made to their daughter, Liz accuses Garrison of being selfish, in addition, the media launches attacks on television and in newspapers attacking Garrisons character and criticizing the way his office is spending taxpayers money. Some key witnesses become scared and refuse to testify while others, before his death, Ferrie tells Garrison that he believes people are after him, and reveals there was a conspiracy around Kennedys death
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Thirteen Days (film)
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Thirteen Days is a 2000 American historical political thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson, dramatizing the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, seen from the perspective of the US political leadership. It is the second docudrama made about the crisis, the first being 1974s The Missiles of October, the 2000 film contains some newly declassified information not available to the earlier production, but takes greater dramatic license, particularly in its choice of ODonnell as protagonist. In October 1962, U-2 aerial surveillance photos reveal that the Soviet Union is in the process of placing intermediate-range ballistic missiles carrying nuclear weapons in Cuba, President John F. Kennedy and his advisers must come up with a plan of action to prevent their activation. Kennedy is determined to show that the United States will not allow a missile threat, the Joint Chiefs of Staff advise immediate U. S. military strikes against the missile sites followed by an invasion of Cuba. However, Kennedy is reluctant to attack and invade because it would likely cause the Soviets to invade Berlin. War appears to be almost inevitable, the Kennedy administration tries to find a solution that will remove the missiles but avoid an act of war. They settle on a less than a blockade, which is formally regarded as an act of war. They settle on what they describe as a quarantine. They announce that the U. S. naval forces will stop all ships entering Cuban waters, the Soviet Union sends mixed messages in response. Off the shores of Cuba, the Soviet ships turn back from the quarantine lines, secretary of State Dean Rusk says, Were eyeball to eyeball and I think the other fellow just blinked. John A. S. that it will never invade Cuba, a long message in the same tone as the informal communication from Fomin, apparently written personally by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, is received. This is followed by a second, more hard line cable in which the Soviets offer a deal involving U. S removal of its Jupiter missiles from Turkey. The Kennedy administration interprets the second as a response from the Politburo, offensive missile is also carried out without the Presidents knowledge. An Air Force U-2 reconnaissance plane is sent over Cuba to gather intelligence for the attack, bobby reiterates the demand that the Soviets remove their missiles from Cuba, and in return promises not to invade or assist in the invasion of Cuba. Dobrynin insists that the U. S. must also remove all Jupiter missiles from Turkey, the Soviets announce on Sunday that they will remove their missiles from Cuba, averting a war that could have escalated to the use of nuclear weapons. Bruce Greenwood as President John F. Kennedy Steven Culp as Attorney General Robert F. Johnson Christopher Lawford as RF-8 Crusader pilot, Commander William Ecker, the Department of Defense cooperated to some extent, allowing the producers to film on several bases. In order to keep the film in period filming took place on ships from the time of the crisis that still existed in the active fleet, aircraft that still exist from the period were refurbished to appear operational as well. The RF-8 Crusader plus the scenes of Cuba were shot in the Philippines, at the time of the shooting, the F-8 was still in the inventory of the Philippine Air Force, but no longer operational
13.
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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The Kennedys is a Canadian-American television miniseries chronicling the lives of the Kennedy family, including key triumphs and tragedies it has experienced. It stars Greg Kinnear, Barry Pepper, Katie Holmes, and Tom Wilkinson among others, the series premiered in the United States in April 2011 on ReelzChannel and on History Television in Canada. Greg Kinnear as John F. Jack Kennedy Barry Pepper as Robert F, on February 16,2010 the website stopkennedysmears. com was registered by filmmaker Robert Greenwald as part of the critical response to The Kennedys. Ted Sorensen, former writer for John F. Kennedy. At the time of all of this criticism, the miniseries had not even been cast. In an interview published in The Los Angeles Times on June 17,2010, Joel Surnow addressed the complaints, saying and it was way too early for them to comment on it. However, as the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph put it, With Greg Kinnear as Mr Kennedy, Katie Holmes as his First Lady, now, it is widely considered a disaster on the eve of its airing on the ReelzChannel beginning on Sunday. The History Channel decided to drop the series from its schedule in January, there then followed a humiliating and very public quest to find another channel that would air it. Casting the main roles was announced on April 29,2010 by director Cassar via his Twitter account, the miniseries was filmed in Toronto, Canada between June and September 2010, and was produced by Canadian independent studio Muse Entertainment Enterprises and Joel Surnows production company. The Kennedys is the first original scripted series made for History Television, the budget for The Kennedys was $25 million though reports later described it as a $30 million production. The miniseries was written by Stephen Kronish, who previously worked with Surnow. Historians associated with the production were Steven M. Gillon, author of the book The Kennedy Assassination –24 Hours After, and Robert Dallek. On December 16,2010, Shaw Media announced that there would be a screening of the miniseries to be held on March 3,2011 in Toronto. The miniseries had been scheduled on History in two-hour segments at 9,00 pm beginning on March 6,2011 and continuing for three subsequent Sundays. John Doyle, television critic for The Globe and Mail reported on January 26,2011 that The Kennedys will be shown on History Television starting on March 9,2011. On February 1,2011 Shaw Media announced its schedule for the miniseries. On January 7,2011, the cable channel History announced that it would not show The Kennedys in the United States, furthermore, our Errors and Omissions Insurers attorneys reviewed all the scripts and edited episodes – and they have cleared all of the episodes for broadcast. Joel Surnow, the executive producer, attributed the cancellation to pressure exerted by the Kennedys on the board of Historys owners, A&E Television Networks
14.
The Butler
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The Butler is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and produced by Lee Daniels and written by Danny Strong. It was the last film produced by Laura Ziskin, who died in 2011, the film was theatrically released by The Weinstein Company on August 16,2013, to mostly positive reviews and grossing over $176 million worldwide against a budget of $30 million. In 2009, an elderly Cecil Gaines recounts his story while waiting at the White House to meet the newly inaugurated president. In 1926, at the age of seven, Gaines is raised on a plantation in Macon. When the farms owner rapes Cecils mother, Cecils father confronts him and is killed, Cecil is taken in by the estates caretaker, who trains Cecil as a house servant. In 1937, at age eighteen, Cecil leaves the plantation, desperately hungry, he breaks into a hotel pastry shop. The elderly master servant, Maynard, takes pity on Cecil, Cecil learns advanced serving and interpersonal skills from Maynard, who later recommends Cecil for a position in a Washington, D. C. hotel. While working there, Cecil meets and marries Gloria, and the couple has two sons, Louis and Charlie, in 1957, Cecil is hired by the White House during Dwight D. Eisenhowers administration. White House maître dhôtel Freddie Fallows introduces Cecil to head butler Carter Wilson, Cecil witnesses Eisenhowers reluctance to use troops to enforce school desegregation, then his resolve to uphold the law by racially integrating Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. Louis, the son, becomes a university student at Fisk University in Tennessee. Louis joins a student program led by Southern Christian Leadership Conference activist James Lawson, which leads to a nonviolent sit-in at a segregated diner, Gloria, who feels that Cecil puts his job ahead of her, descends into alcoholism. In 1961, after John F. Kennedys inauguration, Louis and others are attacked by members of the Ku Klux Klan while on a ride to Birmingham. As a goodwill gesture, Jackie Kennedy gives Cecil one of the former presidents neckties, Louis participates in the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement, which inspires Johnson to demand that Congress enact the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965. Johnson also gives Cecil a tie bar, in the late 1960s, after civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. s assassination, Louis tells his family that he has joined the Black Panthers. Cecil orders Louis and his girlfriend to leave his house, Cecil becomes aware of President Richard Nixons plans to suppress the Black Panthers. Charlie confides to Louis that he plans to join the war in Vietnam, after enlisting, Charlie is killed and buried at Arlington National Cemetery. When the Black Panthers resort to violence, Louis leaves the organization and returns to college, earning his masters degree in political science, Cecil repeatedly confronts his supervisor at the White House over the unequal pay and career advancement provided to the black White House staff. With President Ronald Reagans support, Cecil prevails, his growing to the point that he
15.
Killing Kennedy (film)
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It premiered in the US and Canada on National Geographic Channel on November 10,2013, followed by the various European National Geographic channels a few days later. It was first shown on terrestrial TV in the UK by Channel 4 on November 23, the movie dramatizes the presidency and assassination of Kennedy, as well as the life of Lee Harvey Oswald in the years leading up to the assassination. In 1959, Oswald meets with Snyder in Moscow and announces his renunciation of his American citizenship, next, Oswald courts Marina in Minsk. The 1961 invasion of Cuba turns into a fiasco as John Kennedy refuses to air support. The viewership broke the previously held by Killing Lincoln which averaged 3,351,000 viewers. Killing Kennedy received mixed reviews but was nominated for several awards and it has a 56% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and 6/10 on IMDb. Rob Lowes performance was received but the movie was described as having a not brilliant screenplay. Official website Killing Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database
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Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
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Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment is a 1963 cinéma vérité documentary film directed by Robert Drew. The film centers on the University of Alabamas Stand in the Schoolhouse Door integration crisis of June 1963, the film first aired on ABC television four months after the incident. In 2011, it was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress and they come up with a plan to quickly federalize the Alabama National Guard and return later the same day, if Wallace indeed refuses to step out of the way despite the court order. The plan works, Wallace steps aside under orders from General Henry V. Graham, president Kennedy later gives a speech on equality on national television, and a third black student, Dave McGlathery, enrolls without incident. Although opinions on Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment were sharply divided after the October 1963 broadcast, it is now considered among the films of cinéma vérité. Peter von Bagh rated it ahead of Drews earlier work Primary, considering it the most touching and intimate portrait of the Kennedy brothers on film. Fred Kaplan, in a review of the films 2009 DVD release for The New York Times and he dubbed it the first movie that Barack Obama should watch in the White House screening room. In 2011, this film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, the Academy Film Archive preserved Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment in 1999. List of American films of 1963 Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy African-American Civil Rights Movement in popular culture Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment at the Internet Movie Database
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The Making of the President, 1960
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The book won the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and was the first in a series of books by White about American presidential elections. The book traces the 1960 campaign from the primaries to the conclusion of the election contest against Richard Nixon. Much of the narrative is written in an almost novelistic style, describing politicians looks, but it also contains thought-provoking discussions of various trends in American life and politics. The Making of the President,1960 was a huge success, critics and journalists hailed it as a new way of looking at its subject. It had a impact on political reporting and even on American politics itself. As White noted, it was a look at a leader under the pressure of circumstances. Its literary-journalistic book brought a point of view on the world of politics and its strategies, victories. One chapter was devoted to detailing the reasons behind Americans ways of voting, whites book, and its successor volumes, inspired a trend toward campaign books and toward a more personality-driven approach to political reporting. White in later years would bemoan the changes he had helped create, david L. Wolper produced a film version of The Making of the President,1960 which was finished shortly before President Kennedys November 1963 assassination. The Making of the President,1960 on Open Library at the Internet Archive
18.
Forrest Gump
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Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, the film differs substantially from Winston Grooms novel, including Gumps personality and several events that were depicted. Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes. A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen and its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over twelve million copies worldwide. In 1995 it won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay for Eric Roth, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing. It also garnered other awards and nominations, including Golden Globes, Peoples Choice Awards. Since the films release varying interpretations have made of the films protagonist. In 1996, a restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company. The scene of Gump running across the country is referred to when real-life people attempt the feat. In 2011, the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The plot is delivered in a number of flashbacks in the narrative of Forrest Gump as he sits at a bus stop with a suitcase full of mementos in Savannah. He initiates conversation with a stranger and recalls his childhood in Greenbow, Forrest is raised by a single mother who runs a bed and breakfast for travelling folk including at one point a young Elvis Presley, and has to wear leg braces to fix a crooked back. Despite having a diminished intellect, Forrest is admitted to school after his mother agrees to have sex with the principal. On his first day of school, Forrest meets Jenny Curran, the children bond, finding in each other a confidante and kindred spirit. With Jennys encouragement, Forrest runs away from a group of bullies, struggling until his leg braces break off and he features in the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door and listens to George Wallace. He then meets President John F. Kennedy as a member of the NCAA All-American team and they are sent to Vietnam under Lieutenant Dan Taylor. After four months of patrolling in rain, Bubba is killed during their first encounter, Lieutenant Dan sustains major injuries and loses both his legs. Forrest is wounded in the buttocks while saving members of his platoon—including Lieutenant Dan—and is awarded the Medal of Honor, while recovering from his wounds, Forrest discovers an aptitude for ping-pong, eventually playing against the Chinese in ping-pong diplomacy
19.
Bubba Ho-Tep
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Bubba Ho-Tep is a 2002 American comedy horror film written, co-produced and directed by Don Coscarelli. It stars Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley — now a resident in a nursing home. The film also stars Ossie Davis as Jack, a man who claims to be John F. Kennedy, explaining that he was patched up after the assassination, dyed black. It is based on the novella by Joe R. Lansdale. Originally the film was roadshowed by the director across the country, only 32 prints were made and circulated around various film festivals, though these garnered critical success. By the time it was released on DVD, it had already achieved cult status due to reviews, lack of access. The film also features a cameo by Reggie Bannister from Coscarellis Phantasm series, an elderly man at The Shady Rest Retirement Home in East Texas is known to the staff as Sebastian Haff, but claims to be Elvis. He explains that during the 1970s, Elvis Presley grew tired of the demands of his fame and he claims it was Haff who eventually died in 1977, while he, the real Elvis, lived in quiet, happy anonymity and made a living pretending to be himself. After a propane explosion destroyed documentation which was the proof that he was actually Elvis. A hip injury during a performance causes him to get an infection, twenty years later and living at the retirement home as the film opens, he is contemplating his age, frailty, loss of dignity, impotence, and A growth on pecker. Initially skeptical of Jacks story, Elvis does spot a mysterious scar on the back of Jacks head and it could be from the head wound seen in the Zapruder film, but then it might not be. The mummy strangely takes on the garb of a cowboy and feeds on the souls of the residents of the home and it is dubbed Bubba Ho-Tep by Elvis, who is given a telepathic flashback of the mummys life and death when he looks into its eyes. The slow, plodding mummy is a real and credible threat, as instead of going against young adults who could potentially outrun or overpower it, Jack and Elvis lack mobility and need a motorized wheelchair and a walker to get around the grounds. Elvis and Jack create a plan to destroy the mummy. Destruction of the mummy would release the souls of their dead friends. Elvis and Jack battle the mummy in the middle of the night, with Jack in an electric wheelchair, Jack is knocked out of his wheelchair by the mummy and is about to have his soul sucked. Elvis hops in the wheelchair, zooms into the mummy to save Jack, Jack dies from a heart attack. Elvis becomes committed to getting rid of the mummy, and he throws the gasoline on him and then throws matches at him, Elvis lies on a hill near the river bank, dying from the blood loss from the gash and broken ribs
20.
Timequest (film)
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Timequest is a 2000 science-fiction film directed by Robert Dyke. It stars Victor Slezak as John F. Kennedy, Caprice Benedetti as Jacqueline Kennedy, Vince Grant, and popular B-movie actor Bruce Campbell. After premiering on April 13,2000, the film had a theatrical release in the United States, followed shortly by distribution on VHS and DVD to the United States, Canada. Timequest explores the science theme of altering the present day by traveling back in time. In this particular film, on the morning of November 22,1963, the Time Traveler shows Jackie future television footage of the assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy. The Time Traveler, knowing Bobbys ways, wont state his name or his birthplace, the Time Traveler asks Jackie to dance with him, she does. The Time Traveler and the three Kennedys drink a toast in the hotel suite just before 12,30 pm, which is the time history is definitely changed. At 12,30 the Time Traveler turns into nothingness, Bobby finds a piece of glass with the Time Travelers fingerprint on it. Lee Harvey Oswald is captured, and Jack Ruby is killed before he can shoot Oswald, clint Hill and Bobby Kennedy head to the grassy knoll and Hill takes out two gunman. Oswald is taken to Washington, D. C. and interrogated by the Warren Commission, as a result, when Hoover caves in and agrees to hand over the tapes, Robert Kennedy also demands Hoover hand in his letter of resignation. Similar to a situation, John and Jackie Kennedy appear on television. John reveals his infidelities and asks for forgiveness from both his wife and the nation, Jackie stands with her husband and asks the country to do the same. As it turns out, the Time Traveler is Raymond Mead, at sixteen he commits a burglary, is arrested and put on a prison bus, his fingerprinting enables President Bobby Kennedy to know the Time Travelers name. President Bobby has the teenager pulled off the bus, he talks to the kid, years later in 1994, when Mead has become an artist and is now married, an elderly Jackie buys many of his paintings. In 2001, after JFK dies of old age, their youngest son James Robert Kennedy explains to Mead why the Kennedy family has been so generous to him and reveals a portrait of his older self. Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Timequest at the Internet Movie Database Timequest at AllMovie
21.
An American Affair
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The film was produced in 2008, written by Alex Metcalf, directed by William Olsson and produced by Kevin Leydon. Its soundtrack was created by Dustin OHalloran, the assassination plan was influenced by a Cuban national in which America was having a revolutionary threat from Fidel Castro. Catherine kept a diary which entries were about the secrets of the President and this diary was secretly stolen from Catherine by Adam Stafford when she fell asleep. The contents of this diary was the caused of her murder done by the CIA, the Catherine Caswell character and the events not involving the wholly fictional Adam Stafford are based on Mary Pinchot Meyer. The Unsolved Murder of JFKs Georgetown Mistress, an American Affair at the Internet Movie Database
22.
Watchmen (film)
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Watchmen is a 2009 American superhero film directed by Zack Snyder, based on the 1986–87 DC Comics limited series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. It stars an ensemble cast of Malin Åkerman, Billy Crudup, Matthew Goode, Carla Gugino, Jackie Earle Haley, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and Patrick Wilson. The parent company of Watchmen publisher DC Comics, with producer Joel Silver and director Terry Gilliam, where Snyder was hired to direct, Paramount remained as its international distributor whereas Warner Bros. would distribute the film in the United States. However, Fox sued Warner Bros. for copyright violation arising from Gordons failure to pay a buy-out in 1991, Fox and Warner Bros. settled this before the films release, with Fox receiving a portion of the gross. Principal photography began in Vancouver, September 2007, as with his previous film 300, Snyder closely modelled his storyboards on the comic, but chose not to shoot all of Watchmen using green screens and opted for real sets instead. The films reception has been mixed between positive and negative reactions, although critical standing has been positive in subsequent years. A directors cut with 24 minutes of footage was released in July 2009. The Minutemen, a team of costumed crime fighters, was formed in 1939 in response to a rise in costumed gangs and criminals, growing anti-vigilante sentiment leads to masked crime-fighters being outlawed. While many of the heroes retire, Dr Manhattan and The Comedian operate as government-sanctioned agents, while investigating the murder of government agent Edward Blake, Rorschach discovers that Blake was the Comedian, and theorizes that someone may be attempting to eliminate former costumed heroes. He warns his retired comrades— Daniel Dreiberg, Dr Manhattan, Dr Manhattan ignores Rorschach, and Dreiberg is skeptical, but relays this information to vigilante-turned-billionaire Adrian Veidt, who also dismisses it. Following a backlash, Dr Manhattan exiles himself to Mars, giving the Soviet Union the confidence to invade Afghanistan, Rorschachs theory appears to be justified when Veidt narrowly avoids an assassination attempt, and Rorschach finds himself framed for the murder of a former villain named Moloch. When Rorschach is arrested, his identity is revealed to be Walter Kovacs, Jupiter goes to stay with Dreiberg after breaking up with Manhattan. The two become lovers and decide to out of retirement. After helping Rorschach break out of prison, Jupiter is confronted by Manhattan, as he probes her memories, he discovers that she is Blakes daughter, and realizes the miracle of her life, created in spite of her parents turbulent relationship. He then returns to Earth with her, investigating the conspiracy, Rorschach and Dreiberg discover that Veidt is behind everything. Rorschach records his suspicions in his journal, which he drops off at the office of the New Frontiersman. Rorschach and Dreiberg confront Veidt at his Antarctic retreat, Veidt admits to being responsible for Blakes murder, Manhattans exile, Rorschachs framing, and his own assassination attempt, which he staged to divert suspicion. He explains that his plan is to unify the United States, Jupiter and Manhattan arrive in a destroyed New York City and determine that Veidt is responsible
23.
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
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Transformers, Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the Transformers toy line. First released on June 23,2011, it is the installment of the live-action Transformers film series. The film stars Shia LaBeouf, Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, Tyrese Gibson, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Patrick Dempsey, Kevin Dunn, Julie White, John Malkovich, the script was written by Ehren Kruger, who also collaborated on the narrative of Revenge of the Fallen. Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras, with filming locations in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Milwaukee, Moscow, the film was rendered specifically for 3-D, and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render. In May 2011, it was announced that Paramount would move Transformers, exclusive early premieres in select 3-D and IMAX theaters took place June 28,2011, one night before worldwide release in 2-D and 3-D formats—each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound. But despite the reviews, Dark of the Moon grossed US$1, like the 2007 film, it was nominated for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards. A sequel, Transformers, Age of Extinction was released on June 27,2014, a fifth film Transformers, The Last Knight is set to be released in 2017. A sixth film serving as a Bumblebee spin-off is scheduled for a 2018 release, a seventh film, serving as the sixth main entry Transformers 6 is scheduled for a 2019 release. The crash is detected on Earth by NASA, and President John F. Kennedy authorizes a mission to put a man on the Moon as a cover for investigating the spacecraft, in 1969, the crew of Apollo 11 lands on the Moon. In the present, the Autobots assist the United States military in preventing major conflicts around the globe, during a mission to Chernobyl to investigate suspected alien technology, Optimus Prime finds a fuel cell from the Ark, discovering that it had survived its journey from Cybertron. The Autobots are then attacked by Shockwave, who manages to escape, after learning of the top-secret mission to the Moon, the Autobots travel there to explore the Ark. They discover a comatose Sentinel Prime – Optimus predecessor as leader of the Autobots –, after returning to Earth, Optimus uses the energy of his Matrix of Leadership to revive Sentinel Prime. Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky is frustrated that he is unable to work with the Autobots or find a job and he also becomes envious of the close relationship between his new girlfriend, Carly Spencer, and her boss Dylan Gould. After finding work, Sam is provided information by his eccentric co-worker Jerry Wang about the Ark and they locate two surviving Russian cosmonauts, who reveal satellite photos of hundreds of Pillars being stockpiled on the Moon. Sentinel uses the Pillars to transport hundreds of concealed Decepticons from the Moon to Earth, Carly is later captured by Gould, who is revealed to be in service of the Decepticons. The Decepticons, led by Megatron and Sentinel, seize Chicago as their agents place Pillars around the world, Gould reveals to Carly that the Decepticons plan to transport their homeworld of Cybertron to the Solar System, then to enslave humanity and use Earths resources to rebuild their world. Sam confronts Gould as he reactivates the Control Pillar, and knocks Gould into the Pillar, Bumblebee and Ratchet arrive and destroy the Control Pillar, permanently disabling the Bridge and causing the partially transported Cybertron to implode. Optimus and Sentinel fight while Carly convinces Megatron that he will be replaced by Sentinel as leader of the Decepticons, Sentinel severs Optimus right arm, and is about to execute him when Megatron intervenes, incapacitating Sentinel
24.
X-Men: First Class
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X-Men, First Class is a 2011 American superhero film, based on the X-Men characters appearing in Marvel Comics. It is the installment in the X-Men film series. A prequel to the franchise, the film was directed by Matthew Vaughn, the film co-stars Rose Byrne, January Jones and Oliver Platt. Singer, who had directed both X-Men and X2, became involved with the project in 2009, but he could only produce and co-write First Class due to other projects. Matthew Vaughn, who was attached to both X-Men, The Last Stand and Thor, became the director, and also wrote the final script with his writing partner Jane Goldman. First Class overtook a planned Magneto prequel that entered development hell, the tight schedule proved a challenge to the six companies responsible for the extensive visual effects, which included computer-generated sets and digital doubles for the actors. Locations included Oxford, the Mojave desert and Georgia, with work done in both Pinewood Studios and the 20th Century Fox stages in Los Angeles. The depiction of the 1960s drew inspiration from the James Bond films of the period. A sequel titled X-Men, Days of Future Past, also serving as a resolution to the original storyline, was released in May 2014, with Singer returning as director. Another sequel, X-Men, Apocalypse, was released on May 27,2016. In 1944, in a German death camp in Poland, Nazi scientist Dr. Klaus Schmidt witnesses a young Erik Lehnsherr bend a metal gate with his mind when the child is separated from his mother. In his office, Schmidt orders Lehnsherr to move a coin on his desk, in grief and anger, Lehnsherrs magnetic power manifests, killing two guards and destroying the room. Meanwhile, at a mansion in Westchester County, New York, child telepath Charles Xavier meets young shapeshifter Raven, whose form is blue-skinned. Overjoyed to meet someone else different, he invites her to live with his family as his foster sister, in 1962, Lehnsherr is tracking down Schmidt, while Xavier graduates from the University of Oxford. Threatened by Shaw and teleported by Azazel to the Joint War Room, Shaw, an energy-absorbing mutant whose powers have de-aged him, later kills Hendry. MacTaggert, seeking Xaviers advice on mutation, takes him and Raven to the CIA, another CIA officer sponsors the mutants and invites them to the secret Division X facility. MacTaggert and Xavier find Shaw as Lehnsherr is attacking him, and rescue Lehnsherr from drowning, Xavier brings Lehnsherr to Division X, where they meet young scientist Hank McCoy, a mutant with prehensile feet, who believes Ravens DNA may provide a cure for their appearance. Xavier uses McCoys mutant-locating device Cerebro to seek recruits against Shaw, Xavier and Lehnsherr recruit stripper Angel Salvadore, cabbie Armando Muñoz, Army prisoner Alex Summers, and runaway Sean Cassidy
25.
JFK: A Musical Drama
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JFK, A Musical Drama is a musical with music by Will Holt, and book and lyrics by Will Holt and Tom Sawyer. Based loosely on the life of John F. Kennedy and it premiered at the Olympia Theatre, Dublin on April 24th,1997 and New York City in 1998. The production was directed and choreographed by Larry Fuller and produced by Stewart F. Lane, the role of JFK was played by Maurice Clarke. It also starred Gary Raymond, Brian DeSalvo, Monica Ernesti, the musical was music directed by Aaron Hagan and orchestrated by Peter Matz. A cast album with some of the original 1993 Goodspeed Opera House at Chester cast including Rita Gardner, Michael Brian, Claudia Rose Golde, and William Zeffiro was recorded in 2007. Upon the early closure of the musical, Frank Kilfeather of the Irish Times quipped Can you remember where you where, cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Dublin try out for JFK musical - Irish Times,1997. JFK back in Dublin - Irish Times,1997, ambitious musical bites the dust - Irish Times,1997
26.
The First Family (album)
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Cadence president Archie Bleyer credited the albums success to radio airplay. By time of the release of The First Family - Volume Two, the First Family starred stand-up comedian and impersonator Vaughn Meader as Kennedy and Naomi Brossart as the First Lady. Brossart was an actress and model making her recording début. The album also featured the talent of Jim Lehner, Bradley Bolke, Chuck McCann, Bob McFadden. It was recorded in front of a studio audience. Meader later revealed, A lot of people dont know this, but we recorded The First Family on the night of October 22,1962, the audience was in the studio and had no idea of the drama that was taking place. But the cast had heard the speech and our throats almost dropped to our toes, because if the audience had heard the Cuban Missile Speech, although the comedy album boom was mushrooming by 1962, production of a record imitating the president met stiff opposition. After other rejections, Cadence Records agreed to take on the project, and within a month the record was appearing on store shelves, within two weeks it had sold more than 1 million copies, pushing past the debut album by Peter, Paul and Mary. Within weeks, many Americans could recite favorite lines from the record, including the rubber schwan is mine, with great vigah, the latter lampooning the Presidents own words. Kennedy himself was said to have copies of the albums as Christmas gifts. At one press conference, Kennedy was asked if the album had produced annoyment or enjoyment and he jokingly responded, I listened to Mr. Meaders record and, frankly, I thought it sounded more like Teddy than it did me. The First Family album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1963 and that March, most of the same cast recorded a follow-up album, The First Family Volume Two, a combination of spoken-word comedy and songs. The sequel was released in the spring of 1963, Volume Two peaked at #4 on the album chart in June 1963. Both albums remained out of print for years, until they were finally issued on CD together in 1999. In 1962, several albums were released, The Other Family spoofed Nikita Khrushchev and featured Buck Henry, Joan Rivers. The President Strikes Back. was a response of the President to the First Family record. Two other noted impressionists also appeared on the album - John Byner, fryes impression of Richard Nixon would later be featured on the Elektra Records albums I Am the President and Radio Free Nixon, among others. Interestingly, Will Jordans most famous impression - that of TV host, the Ed Sullivan impression heard on the album was done by Byner
27.
Impersonation
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An impersonator is someone who imitates or copies the behavior or actions of another. Especially popular objects of impersonation are Elvis, Michael Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, entertainers who impersonate multiple celebrities as part of their act, can be sorted into impressionists and celebrity impersonators. Crime, As part of an act such as identity theft. This is usually where the criminal is trying to assume the identity of another, in order to commit fraud, such as accessing confidential information, also known as social engineering and impostors. Decoys, used as a form of protection for political and military figures and this involves an impersonator who is employed to perform during public appearances, to mislead observers. Sowing discord, causing people to fight, or dislike each other for social, celebrity impersonators are entertainers who look similar to celebrities and dress in such a way as to imitate them. Impersonators are known as look-alikes, impressionists, imitators tribute artists, the interest may have originated with the need or desire to see a celebrity who has died. One of the most prominent examples of this phenomenon is the case of Elvis Presley, there are claimed to be more Elvis impersonators and tribute artists in the world than for any other celebrity. Edward Moss has appeared in movies and sitcoms, impersonating Michael Jackson, the ruling hinges on whether there was harm to the other person. Impressionist Look-alike Personation Police impersonation Soundboard, victim soundboard Tribute act Wannabe Shi, in the Chinese ancestor ritual, a figure impersonating ancestors
28.
Vaughn Meader
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Abbott Vaughn Meader, known professionally as Vaughn Meader, was an American comedian, impersonator, musician, and film actor. Meader began his career as a musician but later found fame in the early 1960s after the release of the 1962 comedy record The First Family. The album spoofed President John F. Kennedy – who was played by Meader –, at the peak of his popularity, he performed his Kennedy impersonation on variety shows and in nightclubs around the country and was profiled in several magazines. Meaders career came to an end after President Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963. He attempted to take his career in another direction by performing non-Kennedy related comedy and he eventually returned to his native Maine where he resumed playing music and managed a pub. Meader was born in Waterville, Maine during one of the worst floods ever to hit New England and he was the only child of Charles Vaughn Meader, a millworker, and Mary Ellen Abbott. A sometimes unruly and troubled child, Meader was sent to live with his mother in Boston at the age of five but she had become an alcoholic, after shuttling among several schools in Massachusetts and Maine, Meader eventually graduated from Brookline High School in 1953. Meader married the German-born Vera Heller in 1955, Meader began his career in entertainment as a singer and piano player. Upon his return from Germany, he began a comedy act in New York City, with his New England accent naturally close to Kennedys familiar, and often parodied, Harvard accent, he needed to adjust his voice only slightly to sound like the President. Meader also mastered the facial expressions that allowed him to bear a resemblance to Kennedy. On October 22,1962, Meader joined writers Bob Booker and Earle Doud, the First Family became the fastest-selling record in the history of the United States. It sold 1.2 million copies during the first two weeks of its release, and ultimately sold 7.5 million copies. Kennedy himself was said to have copies of the album as Christmas gifts. At one press conference, Kennedy was asked if the album had produced annoyment or enjoyment and he jokingly responded, I listened to Mr. Meaders record and, frankly, I thought it sounded more like Teddy than it did me. Kennedy told Benjamin Bradlee that parts of it were amusing, other sources, such as Thomas C. Still in his 20s, Meader was suddenly famous, rich and he was profiled in Time and Life magazines, appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, and played to packed houses in Las Vegas. The First Family won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1963, the sequel was released in the spring of 1963, and while not as successful as the first volume, still sold hundreds of thousands of copies. On July 1963, Meader left Cadence Records and Booker/Dowd to sign with MGM Records, Meader planned to record general satire and abandon his JFK impersonations
29.
Jimmy Dean
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Jimmy Ray Dean was an American country music singer, television host, actor, and businessman, best known today as the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand. He became a television personality starting on CBS in 1957. He rose to fame for his 1961 country crossover hit Big Bad John and his 1963 ABC television series, The Jimmy Dean Show and his acting career included a supporting role as Willard Whyte in the 1971 James Bond movie, Diamonds Are Forever. He lived near Richmond, Virginia, and was nominated for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2010, Dean was born in Plainview in Hale County in West Texas in 1928, the son of George Otto Dean, and his second wife, the former Ruth Taylor. Ruth Taylor taught Jimmy how to play piano at a young age and he attributed his interest in music to the Seth Ward Baptist Church. He dropped out of school and became a professional entertainer after serving in the United States Air Force in the late 1940s. Dean was 22 and just starting in business when he married his first wife Mary Sue in 1950. Dean had his first hit, Bummin Around, in 1953 on the 4 Star label and he had minor pop hits, such as Little Sandy Sleighfoot and Sing Along, later used as the theme for TVs Sing Along With Mitch. In 1954, Dean hosted the popular Washington, D. C. radio program Town and Country Time on WARL-AM, patsy Cline and Roy Clark got their starts on the show. Although Cline and Dean became good friends, Clark was eventually fired by the singer for what was explained as his chronic tardiness, Dean replaced Clark with Billy Grammer. In 1955, Town and Country Time moved to WMAL-TV on weekday afternoons, also during 1957 while he lived in Arlington, Virginia, Dean hosted Country Style on WTOP-TV, the local Washington, D. C. affiliate for CBS on weekday mornings. CBS picked up the show nationally from Washington for eight months in 1957 under the name, then from September 14,1958, to June 1959, CBS carried The Jimmy Dean Show on weekday and Saturday afternoons. Dean became best known for his 1961 recitation song about a heroic miner, recorded in Nashville, Tennessee, the record went to number one on the Billboard pop chart and inspired many imitations and parodies. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc, the track peaked at No.2 in the UK Singles Chart. The song won Dean the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording and he had several more Top 40 songs including a Top 10 in 1962 with PT-109, a song in honor of John F. Kennedys bravery in World War II. In the early 1960s, he hosted The Tonight Show on occasion and one night introduced Roy Clark, in the mid-60s, Dean helped bring country music into the mainstream with his 1963–66 ABC-TV variety series, The Jimmy Dean Show. It presented country music entertainers including Roger Miller, George Jones, Charlie Rich, Buck Owens, the program also featured comedy and a variety of popular music artists, and Deans sketches with one of Jim Hensons Muppets, Rowlf the Dog. Dean turned to acting after his series ended in 1966
30.
Phil Ochs
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He wrote hundreds of songs in the 1960s and 1970s and released eight albums. After years of writing in the 1960s, Ochss mental stability declined in the 1970s. He eventually succumbed to a number of problems including bipolar disorder and alcoholism, some of Ochss major musical influences were Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, Bob Gibson, Faron Young, and Merle Haggard. Phil Ochs was born in El Paso, Texas, to Jacob Jack Ochs, a physician who was born in New York on August 11,1910, and Gertrude Phin Ochs and his parents met and married in Edinburgh where Jack was attending medical school. After their marriage, they moved to the United States, Jack, drafted into the army, was sent overseas near the end of World War II, where he treated soldiers at the Battle of the Bulge. His war experiences affected his health and he received an honorable medical discharge in November 1945. Suffering from bipolar disorder and depression on his home, Jack was unable to establish a successful medical practice. As a result, the Ochs family moved frequently, to Far Rockaway, New York, when Ochs was a teenager, then to Perrysburg in western New York, where he first studied music, and then to Columbus, Ohio. Ochs grew up with a sister, Sonia, and a younger brother. The Ochs family was middle class and Jewish, but not religious and his father was distant from his wife and children, and was hospitalized for depression, he died on April 30,1963, from a cerebral hemorrhage, His mother died on March 9,1994. Ochs also spent a lot of time at the movies and he especially liked big screen heroes such as John Wayne and Audie Murphy. Later on, he developed an interest in movie rebels, including Marlon Brando, from 1956 to 1958, Ochs was a student at the Staunton Military Academy in rural Virginia, and when he graduated he returned to Columbus and enrolled in the Ohio State University. Unhappy after his first quarter, he took a leave of absence, so in a flash I decided — Ill be a writer and a major in journalism. Ochs returned to Ohio State to study journalism and developed an interest in politics, at Ohio State he met Jim Glover, a fellow student who was a devotee of folk music. Glover introduced Ochs to the music of Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, Glover taught Ochs how to play guitar, and they debated politics. Ochs began writing articles, often on radical themes. When the student paper refused to publish some of his more radical articles and his two main interests, politics and music, soon merged, and Ochs began writing topical political songs. Ochss parents and brother had moved from Columbus to Cleveland, and Ochs started to more time there
31.
Roger McGuinn
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James Roger McGuinn /məˈɡwɪn/ known professionally as Roger McGuinn and previously as Jim McGuinn, is an American musician. He is best known for being the singer and lead guitarist on many of the Byrds records. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with the Byrds and he was also part of an author/musician band Rock Bottom Remainders, a group of published writers doubling as musicians to raise proceeds for literacy charities. In July 2013, McGuinn co-authored an interactive ebook, Hard Listening, McGuinn was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, James and Dorothy, were involved in journalism and public relations and he attended The Latin School of Chicago. He became interested in music after hearing Elvis Presleys Heartbreak Hotel, around the same time, he was also influenced by country artists and/or groups such as Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Gene Vincent, and The Everly Brothers. In 1957, he enrolled as a student at Chicagos Old Town School of Folk Music and he also played guitar and sang backup harmonies for Bobby Darin. Soon after, he relocated to the West Coast, eventually Los Angeles, in 1962, after he ended his association with the Chad Mitchell Trio, McGuinn was hired by Darin to be a backup guitarist and harmony singer. Unfortunately, about a year and a half after McGuinn began to play guitar and sing with Darin, Darin became ill, Music in New York Citys Brill Building, hiring McGuinn as a songwriter for $35 a week. During 1963, just one year before he co-founded The Byrds, he was a musician in New York City, recording with Judy Collins. At the same time, he was hearing of The Beatles, by the time Doug Weston gave McGuinn a job at the The Troubadour in Los Angeles, McGuinn had included Beatles songs in his act. He gave rock style treatments to traditional tunes and thereby caught the attention of another folkie Beatle fan, Gene Clark. Together they formed the beginning of what was to become The Byrds, during his time with The Byrds, McGuinn developed two innovative and very influential styles of electric guitar playing. The first was jingle-jangle – generating ringing arpeggios based on banjo finger picking styles he learned while at the Old Town School of Folk – which was influential in the rock genre. While tracking The Byrds first single, Mr. Tambourine Man, at Columbia studios, the Ric by itself is kind of thuddy, he notes. But if you add a compressor, you get that long sustain, to be honest, I found this by accident. The engineer, Ray Gerhardt, would run compressors on everything to protect his precious equipment from loud rock and he compressed the heck out of my 12-string, and it sounded so great we decided to use two tube compressors in series, and then go directly into the board. Thats how I got my jingle-jangle tone and its really squashed down, but it jumps out from the radio
32.
The Byrds
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The Byrds /ˈbɜːrdz/ were an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn remaining the sole consistent member. Initially, they pioneered the genre of folk rock, melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary. As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock, raga rock. The bands signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinns jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar has continued to be influential on popular music up to the present day, among the bands most enduring songs are their cover versions of Bob Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man and Pete Seegers Turn. Turn. along with the originals, Ill Feel a Whole Lot Better, Eight Miles High, So You Want to Be a Rock n Roll Star, Ballad of Easy Rider. The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. However, this version of the band was relatively short-lived and by early 1966, Clark had left due to associated with anxiety. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby, McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn disbanded the current lineup in early 1973, to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds final album was released in March 1973, with the group disbanding soon afterwards. In the late 1980s, Gene Clark and Michael Clarke both began touring as the Byrds, prompting a legal challenge from McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman over the rights to the bands name. As a result of this, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman performed a series of concerts as the Byrds in 1989 and 1990. In January 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman still remain active but Gene Clark died of a heart attack in May 1991, and Michael Clarke died of liver failure in December 1993. The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music, with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s. McGuinn had also spent time as a songwriter at the Brill Building in New York City. By early 1964, McGuinn had become enamored with the music of the Beatles, soon after, David Crosby introduced himself to the duo at The Troubadour and began harmonizing with them on some of their songs. Impressed by the blend of their voices, the three formed a trio and named themselves the Jet Set, a moniker inspired by McGuinns love of aeronautics
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List of Presidents of the United States
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The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is elected to a four-year term by the people through an Electoral College. Since the office was established in 1789,44 people have served as president, the first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two terms in office, and is counted as the nations 22nd and 24th president. Thus the incumbent, Donald Trump, is the nations 45th president, there are currently five living former presidents. The most recent death of a president was on December 26,2006 with the death of Gerald Ford. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office, dying 31 days after taking office in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes, four were assassinated, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tylers precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this Provision when he appointed Gerald Ford to the office, later, Ford became the second to do so when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him. Previously, a vacancy was left unfilled. Throughout most of its history, politics of the United States have been dominated by political parties, the Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington Administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and he was, and remains, the only U. S. president never to be affiliated with a political party. Since Washington, every president has been affiliated with a party at the time they assumed office. Four presidents held other high U. S. federal offices after leaving the presidency, several presidents campaigned unsuccessfully for other U. S. state or federal elective offices after leaving the presidency. Additionally, one president, John Tyler, served in the government of the Confederate States during the American Civil War
