In architecture, a cupola is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome.
White marble cupolas cap minarets at the Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore, Pakistan
Cupolas on the towers of Montefiascone Cathedral, Italy.
Interior of cupola ceiling in the old Synagogue of Győr, Hungary.
An oculus is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. Originating in antiquity, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture. It is also known as an œil-de-bœuf from the French, or simply a "bull's-eye".
Renaissance oculus on the west facade of the Cour Carrée of the Louvre Palace, with figures of war and peace, sculpted by Jean Goujon and designed by Pierre Lescot, 1548
The Ancient Roman oculus of the Pantheon, Rome, Italy
Islamic oculus opening into a cupola in the Hasht Behesht, Isfahan, Iran
Romanesque oculus of the Église Sainte-Anne de Gassicourt [fr], Mantes-la-Jolie, France