1.
Disorder in the Court
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Disorder in the Court is the 15th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1936 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, the Stooges are key witnesses at a murder trial. Their friend and colleague, Gail Tempest, is a dancer at the Black Bottom cafe where the Stooges are musicians and she is accused of killing Kirk Robin. When the Stooges are called to the stand, they are nowhere to be found. The defense attorney goes out into the only to find the Stooges playing jacks. After considerable mutual frustration, the court finally swears in Curly and he offers to show the court exactly what happened, and the Stooges break into their musical routine, with Larry on violin, Moe harmonica, and Curly on spoons. Gail Tempest shrugs off her coat and reveals her dancer costume, after everything is brought under control, Moe and Curly re-enact the actual murder. Moe then looks at the parrot, who was at the murder scene and he opens the parrot cage, and the parrot flies out. The Stooges eventually capture the bird by shooting water at it through a fire hose, Moe then reads the letter out loud and reveals that it is a confession from the real murderer, Buck Wing, which proves Gails innocence. The note also said that Buck Wing will disappear, just when they are going to get their picture taken at the front page, the water hose explodes, causing everyone to get wet. Disorder in the Court was filmed six days on April 1-6,1936. The film title is a play on the stereotypical judges cry, a colorized version of this film was released in 2006 as part of the DVD collection Stooges on the Run. Sol Horwitz, the father of Moe, Curly, and Shemp Howard and this is the first Stooge short in which Curly is spelled C-U-R-L-Y in the opening titles instead of the previous C-U-R-L-E-Y. The title card also has the Stooges inverted reading from left to right, Curly-Larry-Moe, as opposed to Moe-Larry-Curly in previous shorts, in addition, the Columbia theme now uses a more upbeat theme, featuring a brass introduction. Disorder in the Court is one of four Stooge shorts that fell into the domain after the copyright lapsed in the 1960s. As such, these four shorts frequently appear on cheaply produced DVD or video compilations, the presumed perpetrator is a dancer named Buck Wing, a reference to the buck-and-wing dance common in vaudeville and minstrel shows. The classic swearing in routine was borrowed verbatim from Buster Keatons 1931 film Sidewalks of New York, directed by Stooge veteran. A shot of the trio performing in court was used by Hersheys in an 1980s ad campaign
2.
Bensonhurst, Brooklyn
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Bensonhurst is a large, multiethnic neighborhood in the southwestern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, in the United States. It is well known as a Little Italy of Brooklyn due to its large Italian-American population, Bensonhurst has the largest population of residents born in China of any neighborhood in New York City and is now home to Brooklyns second Chinatown. The neighborhood accounts for 9. 5% of the 330,000 Chinese-born residents of the city, Bensonhurst derives its name from Egbert Benson, whose lands were sold by his children and grandchildren to James D. Lynch, a New York Real Estate developer. Lynch bought the old farmlands of the Benson family in mid 1880s, the first sale of lands in The New Seaside Resort area was advertised in July 24,1888 issue of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Bensonhurst has a population of over 151,000 inhabitants as of the 2010 United States Census, in the early 20th century, many Italians and Jews moved into the neighborhood, and prior to World War II the neighborhood was about equally Jewish and Italian. With a large Italian-American population, Bensonhurst is usually considered the main Little Italy of Brooklyn, the Italian-speaking community remains over 20,000 strong, according to the census of 2000. But, the Italian-speaking community is becoming increasingly elderly and isolated, with the small, 86th Street is another popular local thoroughfare, lined by the arches of the BMT West End Line. Around 1989, an influx of immigrants from China and the former USSR began to arrive, mainly from Southern China, Russia, Ukraine, in the 1990s Bensonhurst rapidly grew in cultural diversity. In 2000, the New York City Department of City Planning determined that just over half of the residents were born in another country, Bensonhurst has long been well-known as a Little Italy of Brooklyn, containing a large Italian-American and Italian immigrant population. The annual Festa di Santa Rosalia, is held on 18th Avenue from Bay Ridge Parkway to 66th Street in late August or early September, the Feast is presented by Bensonhurst resident and marketer Franco Corrado, as well as by the Santa Rosalia Society, on 18th Avenue. Born in Rome in 1955, Corrado has been a social member of the Italian-American community for the past 20 years. St. Rosalia is the saint of the city of Palermo and is sometimes venerated as the patron for the entire island of Sicily. The annual end-of-summer celebration attracts thousands, bensonhurt also hosts a Columbus Day parade. Like Lower Manhattans Little Italy, Bensonhursts Little Italy is declining with its Italian American population, with Bensonhursts Chinatown, below the West End Line, served by the D train along on 86th Street between 18th Avenue and Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue, now emerging another Brooklyn Chinatown. Overall, the Chinatown section of Bensonhurst remains heavily mixed with Italian, Jewish, within recent years, most new businesses opening within this portion of Bensonhursts 86th Street, especially between 20th Avenue and 25th Avenue, have been Chinese. Chinese grocery stores, salons, bakeries, and other types of Chinese businesses are also expanding swiftly on this street, the N W trains stations are also located in these sections as well. This means Bensonhurst has much higher proportion of Chinese than the Homecrest/Sheepshead Bay area, however, there are small numbers of Fuzhou and Mandarin speakers. According to the Daily News, Brooklyns Asian population, mainly Chinese, has grown not only in the Sunset Park area, but also in Bensonhurst, Dyker Heights
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
San Gabriel, California
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San Gabriel is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is named after the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, founded by Junípero Serra, the city grew outward from the mission and in 1852 became the original township of Los Angeles County. San Gabriel was incorporated in 1913, the citys motto is A city with a Mission and it is often called the Birthplace of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, the population was 39,718, prior to the arrival of the Spanish to Alta California, the area that is now San Gabriel was inhabited by the Tongva Native Americans, whom the Spanish called the Gabrieleño. The Tongva name for the San Gabriel region has been reconstructed as Shevaa and he was appointed as Californias governor twice, serving briefly in 1832 and again from 1845 through the Mexican-American War. Later in life, he was elected as a Los Angeles City councilman, the city of Pico Rivera was named to honor him as the last governor of California to be born in Mexico. In 1853, a company of Army Engineers, who included the geologist William P. Blake, Blake observed that the once great vineyards had fallen into wild disarray. Fences were in disrepair, and animals roamed freely through the property, but, the mission bells were ringing, and the church was still in use. In the first United States census made in California in 1860,586 people lived in San Gabriel, by the time of General Law Incorporation on April 24,1913, the citys population had grown to 1,500. San Gabriel is located at 34°5′39″N 118°5′54″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.1 square miles, virtually all of it land. The city is bordered on the north by San Marino, on the east by Temple City and Rosemead, to the south by Rosemead and this region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, San Gabriel has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that San Gabriel had a population of 39,718. The population density was 9,581.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of San Gabriel was 24,091 Asian,10,076 White,388 African American,220 Native American,43 Pacific Islander,3,762 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,189 persons. The Census reported that 39,266 people lived in households,34 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 481 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 76 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,121 households were made up of individuals and 800 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.13. There were 9,594 families, the family size was 3.47. The median age was 40.3 years, for every 100 females there were 93.2 males
5.
Moe Howard
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That group originally started out as Ted Healy and His Stooges, an act that toured the vaudeville circuit. Moes distinctive hairstyle came about when he was a boy and cut off his curls with a pair of scissors, producing a ragged shape approximating a bowl cut. Horwitz was born on June 19,1897, in the Brooklyn, New York City neighborhood of Bensonhurst to Solomon Horwitz and Jennie Gorovitz and he was named Moe when still very young and later called himself Harry. His parents were not involved in business, but Moe, older brother Shemp Howard. He loved to read as older brother Jack recalled, I had many Horatio Alger books and they started his imaginative mind working and gave him ideas by the dozen. I think they were instrumental in putting thoughts into his head to become a person of good character and this helped him in his acting career in later years, such as in memorizing his lines quickly and easily. His bowl cut hairstyle became his trademark, but Moes mother refused to cut his hair in childhood, finally he could not take his classmates years of teasing any longer, sneaked off to a shed in the back yard and cut his own hair. He was so afraid that his mother would be upset that he hid under the house for hours while causing a panic. He finally came out, and his mother was so glad to see him that she did not even mention the haircut, Moe began to develop an interest in acting to the point where his schoolwork suffered. He began playing hookey from school and going to the theater and he said, I used to stand outside the theater knowing the truant officer was looking for me. I would stand there til someone came along, and then ask them to buy my ticket and it was necessary for an adult to accompany a juvenile into the theater. When I succeeded Id give him my ten cents—thats all it cost—and Id go up to the top of the balcony where Id put my chin on the rail and watch, spellbound, I would usually select the actor I liked the most and follow his performance throughout the play. Despite his waning attendance, Horwitz graduated from P. S,163 in Brooklyn but dropped out of Erasmus Hall High School after only two months, ending his formal education. To please his parents, he took an electric shop course, but already in 1909, he had met a young man named Ernest Lea Nash, who was later to provide a significant boost for his career aspirations. In 1912, they held a summer job working in Annette Kellermans aquatic act as diving girls. In 1921, he joined Ernest Lea Nash, now established in show business as Ted Healy. In 1923, he caught sight of Shemp in the audience, the two brothers heckled each other, garnering a great response from the audience, and Healy immediately hired Shemp as a permanent part of the act. Moe retired in June 1925 after his marriage to Helen and went into real estate with his mother Jennie
6.
Shemp Howard
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Shemp Howard was an American comedian and actor. He was called Shemp because Sam came out that way in his mothers thick Litvak accent, between his times with the Stooges, Shemp had a successful film career as a solo comedian. Shemp was born in Manhattan, New York, and raised in Brooklyn and he was the third-born of the five Horwitz brothers, the sons of their Lithuanian Jewish parents, Solomon Horwitz and Jennie Horwitz. Moe Howard and Curly Howard were his younger brothers, Shemps brother, Moe Howard, started in show business as a youngster, on stage and in films. Eventually, Moe and Shemp tried their hands as minstrel-show-style blackface comedians with an act they called Howard, meanwhile, they also worked for a rival vaudeville circuit at the same time, appearing without makeup. By the 1920s, Moe had teamed up with boyhood-friend-turned-vaudeville star Ted Healy in a roughhouse act, one day Moe spotted his brother Shemp in the audience, and yelled at him from the stage. Quick-witted Shemp yelled right back, and walked onto the stage, from then on he was part of the act, usually known as Ted Healy and His Stooges. His original stooges were the Howard brothers, and others came and went during 1925 -1928, on stage, Healy would sing and tell jokes while his three noisy stooges would get in his way. He would retaliate with physical and verbal abuse, Shemp played a bumbling fireman in the Stooges first film, Soup to Nuts, the only film in which he plays one of Healys gang. After a disagreement with Ted in August 1930, Moe, Larry and Shemp left to launch their own act, Howard, Fine & Howard, the three premiered at Los Angeles Paramount Theatre on August 28,1930. 1931, they added Three Lost Soles to the acts name, Moe, Larry and Shemp continued until July 1932, when Ted Healy approached them to team up again for the Shuberts Broadway revue Passing Show of 1932, and they readily accepted the offer. In spite of any differences, Moe knew that an association with the nationally-known Ted Healy provided opportunities the three comics were not achieving on their own, on August 16,1932, in a contract dispute, Healy walked out on the Shuberts revue during rehearsals. Shemp regrouped to form his own act and played on the road for a few months and he landed at Brooklyns Vitaphone Studios for movie appearance opportunities in May 1933. When he split from Healy, Shemp was immediately replaced by his, Shemp Howard, like many New York-based performers, found work at the Vitaphone studio in Brooklyn. Originally playing bit roles in Vitaphones Roscoe Arbuckle comedies, showing off his goofy appearance, he was entrusted with speaking roles and supporting parts almost immediately. He was featured with Vitaphone comics Jack Haley, Ben Blue and Gus Shy, then co-starred with Harry Gribbon, Daphne Pollard and Johnnie Berkes, a Gribbon-Howard short, Art Trouble, also features then unknown James Stewart in his first film role. Shemp would seldom stick to the script, and would liven up a scene with ad-libbed incidental dialogue or wisecracks and this became a trademark of his performances. In late 1935, Vitaphone was licensed to produce short comedies based on the Joe Palooka comic strip, Shemp was cast as Knobby Walsh, and though only a supporting character became the comic focus of the series, with Johnny Berkes and Lee Weber as his foils
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Vaudeville
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Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment. It was especially popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s, a typical vaudeville performance is made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. A vaudeville performer is often referred to as a vaudevillian, Vaudeville developed from many sources, including the concert saloon, minstrelsy, freak shows, dime museums, and literary American burlesque. Called the heart of American show business, vaudeville was one of the most popular types of entertainment in North America for several decades, the origin of this term is obscure, but is often explained as being derived from the French expression voix de ville. A second speculation is that it comes from the songs on satire by poet Olivier Basselin. Some, however, preferred the term variety to what manager Tony Pastor called its sissy. Thus, vaudeville was marketed as variety well into the 20th century, with its first subtle appearances within the early 1860s, vaudeville was not initially a common form of entertainment. The form gradually evolved from the saloon and variety hall into its mature form throughout the 1870s and 1880s. This more gentle form was known as Polite Vaudeville, in the years before the American Civil War, entertainment existed on a different scale. Certainly, variety theatre existed before 1860 in Europe and elsewhere, in the US, as early as the first decades of the 19th century, theatregoers could enjoy a performance consisting of Shakespeare plays, acrobatics, singing, dancing, and comedy. As the years progressed, people seeking diversified amusement found a number of ways to be entertained. Vaudeville was characterized by traveling companies touring through cities and towns, a significant influence also came from Dutch minstrels and comedians. Vaudeville incorporated these various itinerant amusements into a stable, institutionalized form centered in Americas growing urban hubs, pastors experiment proved successful, and other managers soon followed suit. B. F. Keith took the step, starting in Boston. Later, E. F. Albee, adoptive grandfather of the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Edward Albee, circuits such as those managed by Keith-Albee provided vaudevilles greatest economic innovation and the principal source of its industrial strength. They enabled a chain of allied vaudeville houses that remedied the chaos of the booking system by contracting acts for regional and national tours. These could easily be lengthened from a few weeks to two years, Albee also gave national prominence to vaudevilles trumpeting polite entertainment, a commitment to entertainment equally inoffensive to men, women and children. Acts that violated this ethos were admonished and threatened with expulsion from the remaining performances or were canceled altogether
9.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
10.
Comedian
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A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, a comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and this normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e. g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh, Louis C. K. and Malcolm Hardee. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, often a comics career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award. Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, however, a comics stand-up success does not guarantee a films critical or box office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes and he wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes comedy style took the form of satyr plays, the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has an ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeares other plays. Charles Chaplin was the most popular comedian of the first half of the 20th century. He wrote comedic silent films such as Modern Times and The Kid and his films still have a major impact on comedy in films today. One of the most popular forms of comedy is stand-up comedy. Stand-up comedy is a monologue performed by one or more people standing on a stage. Bob Hope was the most popular comedian of the 20th century. Other noted stand-up comedians include George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Louis CK, another popular form of modern-day comedy is talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, Daniel Tosh, Chris Hardwick, Jimmy Fallon, David Letterman, a third form of modern-day comedy is television programs in which many comedians band together to make skits, such as Saturday Night Live. These shows often receive high ratings, likely because many comedians band together to create jokes, one of the most successful comedians is Ellen Degeneres, who has parlayed her comic career into film, television shows, and hosting major media events. In 1986, Ellen DeGeneres appeared for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson since she began gaining popularity as a comic in the 1980s. Johnny Carson, who launched many contemporary comics careers, would invite them to join him on the couch for one-on-one conversation after their set
11.
Farce
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In theatre, a farce is a comedy that aims at entertaining the audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, and thus improbable. Farce is also characterized by humor, the use of deliberate absurdity or nonsense. Farces have been written for the stage and film, furthermore, a farce is also often set in one particular location, where all events occur. M. C. P. C. David Croft & Jeremy Lloyd, Allo Allo, ken Friedman, Claptrap Andrew Norriss and Richard Fegen, Chance in a Million Miles Tredinnick, Laugh. Alan Ayckbourn, A Small Family Business Miles Tredinnick, It’s Now Or Never, tom Kempinski, Sex Please, Were Italian. Ray Cooney, Funny Money Robin Hawdon, Perfect Wedding Steven Moffat, Coupling Miles Tredinnick, La Farce de maître Pierre Pathelin The Liar Molière, Tartuffe Molière, The Miser Labiche, La Cagnotte and other plays. These plays are performed as comic relief during the long, serious Noh plays, following stage shows of Umer Shareef are extremely popular. Archer Chowder The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack Scooby-Doo, IMDB list of film and television farces Farce films at Allmovie
12.
The Three Stooges
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Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick. In films, the Stooges were commonly known by their first names of Moe, Larry, and Curly or Moe, Larry, there were a total of six stooges over the acts run, with only three active at any given time. Moe and Larry were always present during the era throughout the ensembles run of more than forty years. The act began as part of a vaudeville comedy act, billed as Ted Healy and his Stooges, consisting of Healy, Moe Howard, his brother Shemp Howard. The four made one film, Soup to Nuts, before Shemp left to pursue a solo career. He was replaced by his brother, Jerome Curly Howard. Two years later, the trio left Healy, and signed on to appear in their own short subject comedies for Columbia Pictures, from 1934 to 1946, Moe, Larry, and Curly produced over ninety short films for Columbia. It was during this period that they were at their peak popularity, Curly suffered a debilitating stroke in May 1946, and Shemp returned, reinstating the original lineup, until his death of a heart attack on November 22,1955. Film actor Joe Palma was used as a temporary stand-in to complete four Shemp-era shorts under contract, Columbia contract player Joe Besser joined as the third Stooge for two years, departing in 1958 to nurse his ailing wife. Columbia terminated its shorts division and released its Stooges contractual rights to the Screen Gems production studio, Screen Gems then syndicated the shorts to television, whereupon the Stooges became one of the most popular comedy acts of the early 1960s. Comic actor Joe DeRita became Curly Joe in 1958, replacing Besser for a new series of theatrical films. With intense television exposure, the act regained momentum throughout the 1960s as popular kiddie fare, Fine died in 1975, after a further series of strokes. Attempts were made to revive the Stooges with longtime supporting actor Emil Sitka in Larrys role in 1970, and again in 1975, but this attempt was cut short by Moes death on May 4,1975. The Three Stooges began in 1928 as part of a vaudeville act called Ted Healy and His Stooges Moe Howard joined Healys act in 1921. In 1928, violinist-comedian Larry Fine and xylophonist-comedian Fred Sanborn also joined the group, in the act, lead comedian Healy would attempt to sing or tell jokes while his noisy assistants would keep interrupting him, causing Healy to retaliate with verbal and physical abuse. Ted Healy and His Stooges appeared in their first Hollywood feature film, Soup to Nuts, the film was not a critical success, but the Stooges performances were singled out as memorable, leading Fox to offer the trio a contract minus Healy. This enraged Healy, who told studio executives that the Stooges were his employees, Howard, Fine, and Howard learned of the offer and subsequent withdrawal and left Healy to form their own act, which quickly took off with a tour of the theater circuit. Healy attempted to stop the new act with legal action, claiming that they were using his copyrighted material, Healy tried to save his act by hiring replacement stooges, but they were inexperienced and not as well-received as their predecessors
13.
Larry Fine
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Louis Feinberg, known professionally as Larry Fine, was an American actor, comedian, violinist and boxer, who is best known as a member of the comedy act The Three Stooges. Fine was born to a Jewish family at 3rd and South Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 5,1902 and his father, Joseph Feinberg, and mother, Fanny Lieberman, owned a watch repair and jewelry shop. In his early childhood, Fines arm was burned with acid. His father used the acid to test jewelry for its gold content, on one occasion, the young Fine mistook the acid for a beverage and raised the bottle to his lips. Before he could drink any, his father knocked the bottle from Fines hand, splashing Fines forearm with acid and his parents later gave Fine violin lessons to help strengthen the damaged muscles in his forearm. He became so proficient on the violin that his parents wanted to him to a European music conservatory. However, that plan was thwarted by the outbreak of World War I, Fine later played the violin in the Stooge films. In scenes where all three Stooges are playing fiddles, only Larry is actually playing, while the two are pantomiming. To further strengthen his arm, Fine took up boxing in his teens. His father, opposed to Larrys fighting in public, put an end to his career as a boxer. At an early age, Fine started performing as a violinist in vaudeville, in March 1928, while starring as the master of ceremonies at Chicagos Rainbo Gardens, Fine met Shemp Howard and Ted Healy. At the time, Healy and Howard were performing in the Shubert Brothers A Night in Spain, since Howard was leaving the play for a few months, they asked him to be a replacement stooge. Fine joined Teds other stooges, Bobby Pinkus and Sam Moody Braun, Howard returned in September 1928 to finish Spains national tour. In early 1929, Healy signed a contract to perform in the Shuberts new revue A Night in Venice, Healy brought Fine, Shemp Howard, and Moe Howard together for the first time as a trio. Moe, Larry and Shemp, with Fred Sanborn, appeared in Venice from 1929 through March 1930. Fine, Shemp Howard, and Moe Howard toured as Ted Healy & His Racketeers that spring and summer, and then went to Hollywood in the summer to film Fox Studios Soup to Nuts. Fine and the Howard brothers broke up with Healy after Soup to Nuts and toured as Howard, Fine and Howard, in July 1932, Fine and Moe Howard teamed up with Healy again, adding Curly Howard to the group. The new lineup premiered at Clevelands RKO Palace Theatre on August 27,1932, Shemp Howard split off to pursue a solo career
14.
Hugh Herbert
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Hugh Herbert was a motion picture comedian. He began his career in vaudeville, and wrote more than 150 plays, born in New York City, Herbert had many serious roles, and for years was seen on major vaudeville circuits as a pathetic old Hebrew. The advent of talking pictures brought stage-trained actors to Hollywood, and his screen character was usually absent-minded and flustered. He would flutter his fingers together and talk to himself, repeating the phrases, hoo-hoo-hoo, wonderful, wonderful. So many imitators copied the catchphrase as woo woo that Herbert himself began to use woo woo rather than hoo hoo in the 1940s. Herberts earliest movies, like Wheeler & Woolseys 1930 feature Hook, Line and Sinker and he developed his own unique screen personality, complete with a silly giggle, and this new character caught on quickly. He played leads in B comedies, notably Sh, the Octopus, a 1937 comedy-mystery featuring an exceptional unmasking of the culprit. He was often caricatured in Warners Looney Tunes shorts of the 1930s/40s, such as The Hardship of Miles Standish, one of the minor characters in the Terrytoons short The Talking Magpies is also a recognizably Hugh Herbertesque bird. In 1939 Herbert signed with Universal Pictures, where, as at Warners, he played supporting roles in major films, one of his best-received performances from this period is in the Olsen and Johnson comedy Hellzapoppin, in which he plays a nutty detective. Herbert joined Columbia Pictures in 1943 and became a face in short subjects. He continued to star in comedies for the remainder of his life. Herbert wrote six screenplays, co-writing the screenplays for the films Lights of New York and Second Wife and contributing to The Great Gabbo and he acted in a few films co-written by the much more prolific screenwriter F. Hugh Herbert, Fashions of 1934, Were in the Money and he also directed one film, He Knew Women. Herbert has a star at 6251 Hollywood Boulevard on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and it was dedicated February 8,1960. Herbert was married to Anita Pan, Herbert died on March 12,1952 at the age of 66 from cardiovascular disease in North Hollywood, Los Angeles. Hughs brother, Tom Herbert, was a comedian who played mildly flustered roles. Fans of Laurel and Hardy and The Three Stooges may recall Tom Herbert as the nervous bartender confronted by Lupe Vélez in Hollywood Party, Tom Herbert is featured in the Warner Brothers short subject Double or Nothing as his brother Hughs movie double. Hugh Herbert at the Internet Movie Database Hugh Herbert at the Internet Broadway Database Hugh Herbert at Find a Grave
15.
Punch Drunks
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Punch Drunks is the second short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1934 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, struggling boxing manager Moe is having lunch with several associates when he notices their shy waiter goes into a violent fugue whenever he hears the song Pop Goes the Weasel. Moe also takes notice of a fiddler who happens to be playing the potent tune at the restaurant, seeing dollar signs in the uncontrollable waiter, Moe quickly recruits the two unsuspecting cohorts and preps them for the boxing world. Stradivarius, and with Larry in tow—playing Pop Goes the Weasel at every boxing match, Curly becomes the number-one contender for the heavyweight championship. Before the matches occur, while Curly is doing the rowing exercise under the supervision of Moe, on a road, They notice a young lady. Moe wants to help her out, at first not letting Curly get involved, stating that BOXING AND WOMEN DONT MIX, However, Moe asks him to help with the problem, and requests Larry to play the Weasel tune. When Larry does this again for the time, Curly does succeed in getting the car out of the ditch. Curly is found on the day of the big match with the lady in the room, causing Moe to hit him, telling him not to interfere with women. All goes well until the night of the highly anticipated World Championship match with Killer Kilduff, only a few moments into the first round, Kilduff plants a left hook at Curly, sending him into the crowd, landing on Larry and crushing his violin. Frantic, Larry scurries the streets, looking for anything that is playing Pop Goes the Weasel, Larry finds a radio playing the tune, takes it and heads back to the arena. Larry arrives at the arena a few later with the radio. Moe sends Larry back out to something else playing Pop Goes the Weasel. Larry manages to come across a politicians campaign truck blaring the tune from its speakers and race-drives it to the arena, Curly is just about ready to throw in the towel until he hears Pop Goes the Weasel. The wobbily boxer comes to his feet with renewed energy, and knocks out Kilduff in a matter of seconds, winning the fight. The song continues, however, and as they celebrate in the ring, Curly knocks out Larry and Moe, the script for Punch Drunks was written by the Stooges, credited as Jerry Howard, Larry Fine and Moe Howard. According to Moe, the treatment of the script was originated by Moe, on its strength. Filming was completed May 2–5,1934, Punch Drunks was originally titled A Symphony of Punches but was changed before its release. The title Punch Drunks comes from the punch drunk, referring to any fighter who has been hit so many times he is unsteady on his feet
16.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
17.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
18.
Lithuanian Jews
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Lithuanian Jews or Litvaks are Jews with roots in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The term is used to cover all Orthodox Jews who follow a Lithuanian style of life and learning. The area where Lithuanian Jews lived is referred to in Yiddish as Líta, Lithuania was historically home to a large and influential Jewish community that was almost entirely eliminated during the Holocaust. Before World War II, the Lithuanian Jewish population was some 160,000, Vilnius had a Jewish community of nearly 100,000, about 45% of the citys total population. There were over 110 synagogues and 10 yeshivas in Vilnius alone, about 2,000 Jews were counted in Lithuania during the 2005 census. Quoting the research done by H. G, using different sources Holocaust researchers claim there were between 60,000 and 65,000 Jewish soldiers in Polands independent army who identified themselves as Lithuanian Jews. The Yiddish adjective ליטוויש Litvish means Lithuanian, the noun for a Lithuanian Jew is Litvak. Of the main Yiddish dialects in Europe, the Litvishe Yiddish dialect was spoken by Jews in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and northeaster Poland, including Suwałki, Lomza, in modern Israel Litaim is often used for all Haredi Jews who are not Hasidim. Other expressions used for this purpose are Yeshivishe and Misnagdim, both the words Litvishe and Litaim are somewhat misleading, because there are also Hasidic Jews from greater Lithuania and lots of Lithuanian Jews who are not Haredim. The term Misnagdim on the hand is somewhat outdated, because the opposition between the two groups has lost much of its relevance. Yeshivishe is also problematic because Hasidim now make use of yeshivot as much as the Litvishe Jews, the characteristically Lithuanian approach to Judaism was marked by a concentration on highly intellectual Talmud study. Lithuania became the heartland of the traditionalist opposition to Hasidism, differences between the groups grew to the extent that in popular perception Lithuanian and misnagged became virtually interchangeable terms. However, a minority of Lithuanian Jews belong to Hasidic groups, including Chabad, Slonim, Karlin. The most famous Lithuanian institution of Jewish learning was Volozhin yeshiva, twentieth century Lithuanian yeshivas include Ponevezh, Telshe, Mir, Kelm, and Slabodka, which bear the names of their Lithuanian forebears. In theoretical Talmud study, the leading Lithuanian authorities were Chaim Soloveitchik, in the 19th century, the Orthodox Ashkenazi residents of the Holy Land, broadly speaking, were divided into Hasidim and Perushim, who were Lithuanian Jews influenced by the Vilna Gaon. In reality, both the ethnic makeup and the traditions of the misnagged communities are much more diverse. Customs of Lithuanian non Hasidic Jews consist of, Wearing of tefillin during non sabbath days of the days of the festival chol hamoed. The pronunciation of the holam as ej, although not widespread and uniform among Lithuanian Jews, the shin being pronounced the same way as sin
19.
Hebrew language
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Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
20.
Levi
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Levi was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Levi. Certain religious and political functions were reserved for the Levites and these scholars suspect that it may simply mean priest, either as a loan word from the Minaean lawiu, meaning priest, or by referring to those people who were joined to the ark of the covenant. In the Book of Jubilees 28, 14-15, it says that Levi was born in the new moon of the first month which means that he was born on 1 Nissan, in the narratives found in the Book of Genesis, Levi’s youth is marked by impetuosity. He and his brother, Simeon, exterminate the city of Shechem in revenge for the rape of Dinah, seizing the wealth of the city and killing the men. The brothers had earlier misled the inhabitants of Shechem by consenting to Dinahs rapist marrying her, in the Blessing of Jacob, Jacob is described as imposing a curse on the Levites, by which they would be scattered, in punishment for Levis actions in Shechem. Nevertheless, Isaac, Levis grandfather, give a special blessing about the lineage of priest of God, in the Book of Genesis, Levi is described as having fathered three sons—Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. The Masoretic Texts version of Levis genealogy thus implies that Levi also had a daughter, the names of Levis sons, and possible daughter, are interpreted in classical rabbinical literature as being reflections on their future destiny. In some apocryphal texts such as the Testament of Levi, and the Book of Jubilees, Levis wife, his childrens mother, is named as Milkah, a daughter of Aram. Some scholars attribute the genealogy to a hypothetical Book of Generations, some Biblical scholars suspect that the Elohist account offers both matrilinial and patrilinial descent from Levites in order to magnify the religious credentials of Moses. In accordance with his role as founder of the Levites, Levi is referred to as being particularly pious, in the Testament of Levi, Levi is described as having had two visions. The first vision covered eschatological issues, portraying the seven heavens, the Jewish Messiah, and Judgement Day. According to some scholars this is to be expected, since the Testament of Levi is believed to have been written during Maccabean rule. Levite Miscegenation Testament of Levi Tribe of Levi “The Tribe, The Cohen-Levi Family Heritage”
21.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
22.
George Raft
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George Raft was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s. His parents were married on November 17,1895, in Manhattan, georges elder sister, Eva, known as Katie, was born on April 18,1896. On the 1910 census, he is listed as being eight years old, a boyhood friend of gangsters Owney Madden and Bugsy Siegel, Raft acknowledged having narrowly avoided a life of crime. Raft became part of the act of flamboyant speakeasy hostess Texas Guinan, and his success led him to Broadway. He later made a film called Broadway about this period in which he plays himself. He had a success as a dancer in London in 1926. Fred Astaire, in his autobiography Steps in Time, says Raft was a lightning-fast dancer, vi Kearney, later a dancer in shows for Charles B. Cochran and André Charlot, was quoted as saying, Oh yes and we were in a big show together. Sometimes, to eke out our miserable pay, wed do an act after the show at a club. Hed tell me how he was going to be a big one day. I just laughed and said, Come on, Georgie, stop dreaming, were both in the chorus and you know it. But by that time Id decided to marry, how many times do I have to tell you. chorus girls dont go out with chorus boys. In 1929, Raft relocated to Hollywood and took small roles, in Taxi. starring James Cagney and Loretta Young, Raft has a colorful unbilled dancing role as Cagneys competitor in a dance contest, who wins only to be knocked down by Cagney. His big break came later that year as the nickel-flipping second lead alongside Paul Muni in Scarface. Rafts convincing portrayal and his friendships with Owney Madden, Bugsy Siegel. When Gary Coopers romantic escapades put him on one gangsters hit list and he was one of the three most popular gangster actors of the 1930s, with James Cagney and Edward G. Robinson, Raft ranked far above Humphrey Bogart in fame and box-office clout throughout the decade. Raft memorably dances into the picture in his opening scene wearing a derby, although Raft received third billing in Manpower, he played the lead. The years 1940 and 1941 proved to be Rafts career peak, Raft chose Raoul Walshs Manpower over The Maltese Falcon because the Falcons director, John Huston, had never directed before and a racier pre-Code version of the film already existed
23.
Ted Healy
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Ted Healy was an American vaudeville performer, comedian, and actor. Sources conflict on Healys precise birth name and birthplace, but according to records, he was born Ernest Lea Nash on October 1,1896 in Kaufman. He attended Holy Innocents School in Houston before the family moved to New York in 1908, while in New York, he attended high school at De La Salle Institute. Nash initially intended to follow in the footsteps of his father and pursue a career as a business executive. Nash made his first foray into business in 1912, at the age of 15. He and his childhood friend Moses Horwitz joined the Annette Kellerman Diving Girls, the work ended quickly after an accident on stage, and Nash and Howard went their separate ways. Nash developed an act and adopted the stage name Ted Healy. Healys act was a hit, and he expanded his role as a comedian. In the 1920s, he was the performer in vaudeville. He added performers to his show, including his new wife Betty Brown. When some of his acrobats quit in 1922, Moe Howard answered the advertisement for replacements, since Howard was not an acrobat, Healy cast his old friend as a stooge. In the routine, Howards appearance would end with Healy losing his trousers, Howards brother Shemp joined the act as a heckler in 1923, and Larry Fine was added in 1925. Healys vaudeville revues included the quartet under various names, such as Ted Healy, Moe Howard took a break from show business in July 1925 after his marriage to Helen. In late August 1930 the Stooges and Healy parted ways after a dispute over a movie contract and they began performing on their own, using such monikers as The Three Lost Souls and Howard, Fine and Howard, and often incorporated material from previous Healy shows. Healy hired replacement stooges, consisting of Eddie Moran, Jack Wolf and this group appeared in two Broadway plays, with Healy costarring in The Gangs All Here and Billy Roses Crazy Quilt. The original Stooges rejoined Healys act in July 1932, but Shemp left on August 19 to pursue a career and was replaced by his younger brother Curly Howard. In early 1934, Fine and the Howards permanently parted ways with Healy, Healy appeared in a succession of films for MGM from 1934 -1937, and was also loaned to 20th Century Fox and Warner Brothers for films by those companies, playing both dramatic and comedic roles. One of his films, Mad Holiday, featured stooge Dick Hakins as his sidekick, also, in the Technicolor short subject La Fiesta de Santa Barbara, Jimmy Brewster briefly appears to stooge with Healy
24.
Double act
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If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil. The term feed comes from the way a man is wont to set up jokes. Despite the names given to the roles, the straight man need not be humorless. Where the straight man serves no personal comic purpose but acts as a device to make the comic look good and this is sometimes considered a derogatory term. Most often, however, the humor in a double act comes from the way the two personalities play off other, rather than from the individuals themselves. In many successful acts the roles are interchangeable, the template for the modern double act began in the British music halls and the American vaudeville scene of the late nineteenth century. Here, the man was a necessity, as he would repeat the lines of the comic. This was done simply because the audience would be noisy, soon the dynamic developed so that the straight man became a more integral part of the act, setting up jokes to which the comic could then deliver the punchline. At various stages, acts such as George Burns and Gracie Allen, Abbott and Costello, Flanagan and Allen, Gallagher and Shean, the dynamic continued to develop, with Abbott and Costello using a modern and recognizable formula in routines such as Whos On First. In the 1930s and Flanagan and Allen using cross talking, by the 1920s, double acts were beginning to attract worldwide fame more readily through the silent era. However, because of the restrictions, the comedy was not derived from cross talk or clever verbal exchanges but through slapstick routines. The first double act to gain fame through film was Laurel. Before meeting, the pair had never worked together on stage, though both had worked in vaudeville—Stan Laurel with Charlie Chaplin as part of Fred Karnos Army and Oliver Hardy as a singer. Laurel could loosely be described as the comic, though the pair were one of the first not to fit the mold in the way that many double acts do, the pair first worked together as a double act in the 1927 film Duck Soup. The first Laurel and Hardy film was called Putting Pants on Philip though their characters had not yet been established. The first film both appeared in was Lucky Dog in 1917. Indeed, they were one of the few silent acts who made a successful transition to spoken word pictures in the 1930s. The year 1940 saw the release of Laurel and Hardys Saps at Sea, their film for long-term producer
25.
Rube Goldberg
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Reuben Garrett Lucius Rube Goldberg was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for his political cartooning in 1948 and the Banshees Silver Lady Award in 1959. Goldberg was a member and the first president of the National Cartoonists Society, and he is the namesake of the Reuben Award. He is the inspiration for various competitions, known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests. Goldberg was born July 4,1883, in San Francisco, California, to Jewish parents Max and he was the third of seven children, three of whom died as children. Goldberg began tracing illustrations when he was four years old, Goldberg married Irma Seeman on October 17,1916. They lived at 98 Central Park West in New York City and had two sons named Thomas and George, during World War II Goldbergs sons changed their surname, at Goldbergs insistence, because of the amount of hatred towards him stemming from the political nature of his cartoons. Thomas chose the surname of George for his brother, and George, wanting to keep a sense of family cohesiveness, Thomas and Georges children now run a company called RGI to maintain the Goldberg name. John George is assisted by his cousin Jennifer George and Johns son Joshua George to keep the name alive. Goldbergs father was a San Francisco police and fire commissioner, who encouraged the young Reuben to pursue a career in engineering. Rube graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1904 with a degree in Engineering and was hired by the city of San Francisco as an engineer for the Water and Sewers Department. After six months he resigned his position with the city to join the San Francisco Chronicle where he became a sports cartoonist. The following year, he took a job with the San Francisco Bulletin, rather than lose Goldberg to Hearst, the New York Evening Mail matched the salary offer and formed the Evening Mail Syndicate to syndicate Goldbergs cartoons nationally. Goldberg was syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate from 1922 until 1934, the cartoons that brought him lasting fame involved a character named Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. In that series, Goldberg drew labeled schematics of the inventions that would later bear his name. The popularity of Goldbergs cartoons was such that the term Goldbergian was in use in print by 1915, Rube Goldberg appeared in the Random House Dictionary of the English Language in 1966 meaning having a fantastically complicated improvised appearance, or deviously complex and impractical. The corresponding term in the UK was, and still is, Heath Robinson, after the English illustrator with a devotion to odd machinery. Rube Goldberg wrote a film featuring his machines and sculptures called Soup to Nuts, which was released in 1930 and starred Ted Healy
26.
Vitaphone
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Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone was the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the one which was widely used. The soundtrack was not printed on the film itself, but issued separately on phonograph records, the discs, recorded at 33 1⁄3 rpm and typically 16 inches in diameter, would be played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film was being projected. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer, used the Vitaphone system, the name Vitaphone derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for living and sound. The Vitaphone trademark was later associated with cartoons and other subjects that had optical soundtracks. Wente had created in 1916 and greatly improved in 1922, the business was established at Western Electrics Bell Laboratories in New York City and acquired by Warner Bros. in April 1925. Warner Bros. introduced Vitaphone on August 6,1926 with the release of their silent feature Don Juan, the feature was preceded by a program of short subjects with live-recorded sound, nearly all featuring classical instrumentalists and opera stars. Don Juan was able to draw huge sums of money at the box office, after its financial failure, Paramount head Adolph Zukor offered Sam Warner a deal as an executive producer for Paramount if he brought Vitaphone with him. Harry eventually agreed to accept Sams demands, dance band leader Henry Halstead is given credit for starring in the first Vitaphone short subject filmed in Hollywood instead of New York. Carnival Night in Paris featured the Henry Halstead Orchestra and a cast of hundreds of costumed dancers in a Carnival atmosphere, from the perspective of the cast and crew on the sound stage, there was little difference between filming with Vitaphone and a sound-on-film system. In the early years of sound, the cameras and their operators were enclosed in soundproofed booths with small windows made of thick glass. Cables suspended the microphones in fixed positions just above camera range, the recording machines were usually located in a separate building to completely isolate them from sound stage floor vibrations and other undesirable influences. The audio signal was sent from a monitoring and control booth to the recording room over a heavy shielded cable. Synchronization was maintained by driving all the cameras and recorders with synchronous electric motors powered from a common source, except for the unusual disc size and speed, the physical record-making process was the same one employed by contemporary record companies to make smaller discs for home use. The recording lathe cut an audio-signal-modulated spiral groove into the surface of a thick round slab of wax-like material rotating on a turntable. If problems were found, the scene could then be re-shot while everything was still in place, a Vitaphone-equipped theater had normal projectors which had been furnished with special phonograph turntables and pickups, a fader, an amplifier, and a loudspeaker system. The projectors operated just as motorized silent projectors did, but at a speed of 24 frames per second. When the projector was started, it rotated the linked turntable, the Vitaphone process made several improvements over previous systems, Amplification – The Vitaphone system used electronic amplification based on Lee De Forests Audion tube
27.
Joe Palooka
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Joe Palooka was an American comic strip about a heavyweight boxing champion, created by cartoonist Ham Fisher in 1921. The strip debuted in 1930 and was carried at its peak by 900 newspapers, in 1980, a mountain in Pennsylvania was named for the character. In his home town of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Fisher devised the character in 1921 after he met a boxer, Pete Latzo, I ran back to the office, drew a set of strips and rushed to the newspaper syndicates. Many rejections followed before Fishers strip was syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate after Fisher, while employed as a McNaught salesman. It debuted April 19,1930, and by 1948, it was ranked as one of the five most popular comic strips. Like Ozark Ike McBatt in baseball, Joe Palooka was intended to exemplify the sports hero in an age when uprightness of character was supposed to matter most. The character was part of an effort among top newspaper cartoonists to sell WWII-era Series E bonds to the public as a wartime financing initiative, the strip garnered much publicity when cheese heiress Ann Howe and Joe were married on June 24,1949. Fisher received formal acceptances from Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, at the time, the strip was carried in 665 American newspapers and 125 foreign papers. After Fisher committed suicide in 1955, his assistant Moe Leff drew the strip for four years, lank Leonard recommended Tony DiPreta, who stepped in to illustrate Morris Weiss scripts. DiPreta stayed with the strip for 25 years until it ended its run November 24,1984, when it had dropped to only 182 newspapers. DiPreta then moved on to draw Rex Morgan, M. D. Found in print as early as 1923, of uncertain origins, the word may originally have derived from the ethnic slur polack. Over decades, Joe Palooka appeared in books from several comic book publishers. Early comic books offered strip reprints, but eventually the character was seen in comic book stories. Secondary characters Little Max and Humphrey Pennyworth each had their own Harvey comic book series, on radio Joe Palooka was broadcast on CBS from April 12 to August 18,1932. With Teddy Bergman in the role, the 15-minute series was heard on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Elmira Roessler, Elsie Hitz and Mary Jane Higby played Ann Howe, Knobby Walsh was portrayed by Frank Readick and Hal Lansing. Others in the cast, Karl Swenson and Norman Gottschalk, the announcer was Harry von Zell. Joe Palooka made his debut in Palooka with Stuart Erwin in the title role, Jimmy Durante as Knobby, Lupe Velez as Nina Madero
28.
Short film
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A short film, is a cinema format, denoting any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. The term featurette originally applied to a longer than a short subject. The increasingly rare term short subject means approximately the same thing and it is an industry term which carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film. Short is an abbreviation for either term, Short films are often screened at local, national, or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers for non profit, either with a low budget or no budget at all. They are usually funded by grants, non profit organizations. Short films are used by filmmakers to gain experience or prove their talent in order to gain funding for future films from private investors, entertainment companies. Longer and shorter films coexisted with similar popularity throughout the days of film. However, comedy films were produced in large numbers compared to lengthy features such as D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation. By the 1920s, a ticket purchased a varied program including a feature and several supporting works from such as second feature, short comedy, 5–10 minute cartoon, travelogue. Short comedies were popular, and typically came in a serial or series. Even though there was no set release schedule, these series could be considered somewhat like a modern TV sitcom – lower in status than feature films. Animated cartoons came principally as short subjects, in the 1930s, the distribution system changed in many countries owing to the Great Depression. Instead of the cinema owner assembling a program of their own choice, the studios sold a package centered on a main and supporting feature, with the rise of the double feature, two reel shorts went into decline as a commercial category. Hal Roach, for example, moved Laurel and Hardy full-time into feature films after 1935, by the mid-1950s, with the rise of television, the commercial live-action short was virtually dead, The Three Stooges being the last major series of 2-reelers, ending in 1959. Short films had become a medium for student, independent and specialty work, cartoon shorts had a longer life, due in part to the implementation of lower-cost limited animation techniques, but also declined in this period. Warner Bros. one of the most prolific of the golden era, the Pink Panther was the last regular theatrical cartoon short series, having begun in 1964 and ended in 1980. By the 1960s, the market for animated shorts had largely shifted to television, a few animated shorts continue within mainstream commercial distribution. For instance, Pixar has screened a short along with each of its feature films during its theatrical run since 1995
29.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
30.
Jules White
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Jules White was a Hungarian-born American film director and producer best known for his short-subject comedies starring The Three Stooges. White began working in pictures in the 1910s, as a child actor, for Pathé Studios. He appears in a role as a Confederate soldier in the landmark silent feature The Birth of a Nation. By the 1920s his brother Jack White had become a successful comedy producer at Educational Pictures, Jules became a director in 1926, specializing in comedies. In 1930 White and his boyhood friend Zion Myers moved to the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio and they conceived and co-directed M-G-Ms gimmicky Dogville Comedies, which featured trained dogs in satires of recent Hollywood films. White and Myers co-directed the Buster Keaton feature Sidewalks of New York, in 1933, Jules White was appointed head of Columbia Pictures short-subject division, which became the most prolific comedy factory in Hollywood. In contrast, by 1938 Columbias two-reel-comedy department was so busy that White split it into two units, White produced for the first unit and Hugh McCollum for the second. The Columbia comedy stars alternated between the White and McCollum units, with McCollum shouldering some of the administrative burden, White was free to pursue his first love, directing. He began directing the Columbia shorts in 1938 and would become the departments most prolific director and his sound films were made using an approach that was rooted in silent comedy. Visual action was paced very fast, and actors were coached to gesture broadly and this emphasis on cartoonish slapstick worked well in the right context, but could become blunt and shocking when stretched too far. White was generally under pressure to finish his productions within a few days, so very often White the producer did not tone down White the director, still, moviegoers loved these slam-bang short comedies, and Columbia produced more than 500 of them over a quarter-century. Physical comedy was the norm for Whites short features, some of his personal favorite gags were used repeatedly over the years, a comedian being arrested always protests, Im gonna get myself a cheap lawyer. Or the star comedian accidentally collides with the villain and apologizes, Sorry, mister, Whites most familiar gag is probably the one where an actor is stuck in the posterior by a sharp object, and then yells, Help, help. Whites style is most evident in his string of two-reelers starring comics Wally Vernon, Vernon and Quillan were old pros whose dancing skills made them especially agile comedians. These comedies were pet projects for White, he kept making Vernon, by the 1950s, White was working so quickly and economically that he could film a new short comedy in a single day. His standard procedure was to borrow footage from films and shoot a few new scenes, often using the same actors, sets. A new 15-minute comedy could contain clips from as many as three vintage comedies, in 1956, when other studios had abandoned short-subject production, Jules White had the field to himself and experimented with new ideas. Many of his Stooge comedies now consisted of material, featuring science-fiction or musical themes
31.
A Plumbing We Will Go
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A Plumbing We Will Go is the 46th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1940 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, after being acquitted on a charge of chicken stealing, the Stooges attempt to catch a live fish from a pet store aquarium tank. A beat cop catches them in action and gives chase, forcing the boys to pose as plumbers to avoid being incarcerated, the Stooges manage to destroy the entire plumbing system in the home in grand fashion. Curly attempts to repair a leak in the bathroom and ends up constructing a maze of pipes that traps him. Larry digs up the front lawn in search of the shutoff valve. In addition, Moe and Curly end up connecting a water pipe with another nearby pipe housing electrical wires, when a hostess invites her guests to watch Niagara Falls on her new television set, the whole company gets doused with water. The homeowner arrives to see his house in shambles and accidentally undoes the Stooges convoluted repair work, a Plumbing We Will Go was filmed on December 13–18,1939. It was the last Stooge short filmed in the 1930s and it was a remake of Sidney & Murrays 1934, short Plumbing for Gold and would be remade again with El Brendel and Shemp Howard as Pick a Peck of Plumbers in 1944. The Stooges remade A Plumbing We Will Go as Vagabond Loafers, interestingly, the original story in Plumbing for Gold involved searching for a lost ring which the Stooges did not use until Scheming Schemers. Curly would recreate the maze-of-pipes gag six year later in Swing Parade of 1946, Shemp Howard attempted it as well in Vagabond Loafers and Scheming Schemers, while Joe DeRita also attempted the gag in Have Rocket, Will Travel. The chicken-stealing segment that opens the film was reworked in Listen. Aside from the aforementioned reworked films, footage from A Plumbing We Will Go also reappeared in the 1960 compilation feature film Stop, like A Ducking They Did Go, the title is a play on the childrens song, A-Hunting We Will Go. At the time of short, television sets had been on the market for a few years. The set being demonstrated appears to be a DuMont model that would have cost $445, using the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics formula, adjusting for inflation, the same television would cost over $7,600 in 2015. A Plumbing We Will Go is considered a quintessential Three Stooges film, ranking as a consistent fan favorite, the film was also a favorite of star Curly Howard. As of 2010, A Plumbing We Will Go is the highest-rated Three Stooges film on the Internet Movie Database, Three Stooges Filmography A Plumbing We Will Go at the Internet Movie Database A Plumbing We Will Go at AllMovie A Plumbing We Will Go at threestooges. net
32.
We Want Our Mummy
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We Want Our Mummy is the 37th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1939 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, the Stooges check the basement and help a man take a box onto a truck, not aware that Tuttle is bound and gagged inside. They are then told by the curators to find the tomb and bring back the mummy and they hail a taxicab in New York City, and inform the bewildered driver they are bound for Egypt. They begin to investigate, but end up separated, as Curly runs afoul with a living mummy and he takes off running, and he and his pals reunite. Upon their arrival, the Stooges learn that Tuttle is being held hostage by a group of thieves, they have him bound, Curly finds what the Stooges believe to be the mummy of Rootin Tootin in a secret room, activated by a trap door. When Curly tries to pick it up, he drops it. They then hear gang boss Jackson threatening the professor in the hopes of getting him to tell the crooks where the mummy is, the frightened professor tells them, and is warned that if the mummy is not there, he and the Stooges will be killed. The Stooges realize they will be killed if Jackson discovers the crushed mummy, Curly responds by stating, I cant be a mummy, Im a daddy. But he relents when warned of the alternative and he lies on the stone slab in disguise when the crooks arrive. Jackson decides to search for the jewels by cutting Curly open, Jackson then searches in Curlys jacket, pulls a newspaper out and reads Yanks win World Series — can you beat that. Curly blows his cover by replying, Yeah, and I won five bucks. Realizing he has been tricked, Jackson charges Curly, but in the process of chasing the Stooges, he and his cronies fall into a well Curly had fallen into earlier and hid using a carpet. He holds up a mummy case, containing the real mummy of Rootin Tootin. An alligator crawls into the room no one is looking. Curly spots the still alligator and believes it to be another mummy, when Curly bends over to grab some rope, the alligator bites Curly on the behind. When Curly tells Moe, Larry & the professor what happened, the four run frightened out of the tunnels and back to the waiting cab outside. We Want Our Mummy is the first Stooge film to employ Three Blind Mice as the Stooges official theme song and this version of Three Blind Mice, often known as the sliding strings version, would be used regularly up to and including 1942s Whats the Matador. An alternate version of the sliding strings version would be used for a period starting with 1945s If a Body Meets a Body
33.
An Ache in Every Stake
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An Ache in Every Stake is the 57th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1941 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, the Stooges are icemen that have fallen asleep in their delivery wagon. Curly finds his face and head embedded in a block of ice after having used it for a pillow. Moe and Larry break him out of it, and they begin their ice block deliveries, after several deliveries they are called to make a delivery at a house atop a long, high staircase. Its so high that every time they go up, the ice melts to a cube and they make several attempts including relaying it successfully to the top, only to have Curly drop it. Its during these attempts and arguments that they bump into Mr. Lawrence, when the Stooges antics cause the servants at their customers house to quit, they volunteer to replace them and prepare dinner for her husbands birthday party. Unknown to them, her husband is Mr. Lawrence, whose cakes they had wrecked earlier in the day, moe interrupts Curly and tells him to go back to stuffing the turkey, which Curly does by incorrectly following the stuffing directions. When dinner is served, one of the finds a ring. But the ring & watch turn out to belong to Curly, when the birthday cake they prepare is finished, it is accidentally pierced, and it deflates. The boys re-inflate the cake using town gas through the gas stoves connection, during the party, the Stooges sing a Happy Birthday song to the tune of London Bridge is Falling Down, when Mr. Lawrence blows out the candles, the gas-filled cake explodes. Mr. Lawrence angrily realizes who the new help are, the long staircase is not the same one used in Laurel and Hardys lost film Hats Off nor the Academy Award-winning film The Music Box. The stairs —147 steps in length — are approximately two miles northeast, located at Fair Oak View Terrace and Edendale Place in the Silver Lake district of Los Angeles, unlike the stairs in The Music Box, this stairway begins from a cul-de-sac. Filming was completed March 26-29,1941, curlys turkey-stuffing scene was performed earlier by Shemp Howard in the 1934 film A Peach of a Pair and again by Shemp in the Stooges 1952 film Listen, Judge. The plot device of carrying ice up a flight of stairs derives from the Billy Bevan silent film Ice Cold Cocos, according to the SilentEra website, Ice Cold Cocos used the same staircase as Hats Off and The Music Box. This is one of several Stooge shorts in which a sofa spring attached to someones backside. This gag was used in Hoi Polloi, Three Little Sew and Sews, Hugs and Mugs and Have Rocket. The film marked the appearance of supporting actress Bess Flowers with the Stooges. An Ache in Every Stake is considered a quintessential Three Stooges film, ranking as a consistent fan favorite, a colorized version was released in 2004 as part of the DVD collection Stooged & Confoosed
34.
Cactus Makes Perfect
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Cactus Makes Perfect is the 61st short subject released by Columbia Pictures in 1942 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, the film opens with the Stooges mother attempting to wake up her three boys without success. Get out of bed you lazy loafers, finally, she yanks a rope that leads from the kitchen to the bed where the trio is sleeping soundly. This causes the bed to spin vertically until they are expelled, Curly receives a letter from the Inventors Association, who state that his Gold Collar Button Retriever is incomprehensible and utterly impractical. Naturally, Curly misinterprets this as a success, and the leave their mothers home to make their fortune. In transit, they are swindled into buying a map leading to a lost mine in the Old West, after actually finding a lost mine, the Stooges run afoul of two down-on-their-luck prospectors after Curly fires an arrow from his Gold Collar Button Retriever. The two then try to rob the boys out of their dough, moe and Larry flee to an abandoned hotel where Curly hid the gold in a safe. The miners show up, and they all take refuge in the safe room, the miners drill through the door, which Curly attributes to termites, and throw a stick of dynamite in. After a little back and forth, the stick fizzles out, believing it to be a dud, the boys burst out laughing and Curly chucks the dynamite, causing it to actually explode. Filmed on August 7-11,1941, the title Cactus Makes Perfect parodies the practice makes perfect. Curlys remark, I shoot an arrow into the air, where it lands I do not care, parodies Henry Wadsworth Longfellows poem The Arrow and the Song, which begins, I shot an arrow into the air/It fell to earth, I knew not where. Cactus Makes Perfect at the Internet Movie Database Cactus Makes Perfect at AllMovie
35.
New York accent
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New York City English, or Metropolitan New York English, is a regional dialect of American English spoken by many people in New York City and much of its surrounding metropolitan area. The origins of New York City English are diverse, and the sources of many features are not recoverable. New York City English, largely with the major pronunciation system popularly recognized today, was first reproduced in literature. It was then, and still mostly is, associated with ethnically diverse European-American native-English speakers and this non-rhotic aristocratic pronunciation can be heard, for instance, in recordings of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Today, most New York City English is variably rhotic, a remnant of the older non-rhotic pronunciation, grammatical structures, such as the lack of inversion in indirect questions, have the flavor of contact with an immigrant language. As stated above, many words common in the city are of immigrant roots, the Philadelphia dialect is now retreating away from many of the traditional features it once shared in common with New York City. Due to an influx of immigrants from New York City and neighboring New Jersey to Florida, unsurprisingly, some New York City dialect features also appear in New York Latino English. Documented loss of New York City accent features includes the loss of, the merger, non-rhoticity. The pronunciation system of New York City English, popularly known as a New York accent, is heard in New York City, western Long Island, see the article International Phonetic Alphabet for explanations of the phonetic symbols used, as indicated between square brackets. These sounds are kept distinct from the /ɑː/ in words like father, palm, wash. Labov concludes that speakers tend to display more accent features in a relaxed conversation. Father–bother variability, Conservative speakers retain three separate low back vowels, lot, palm, and thought, thus with no father-bother merger, in addition, the palm class contains a number of words that are lot in most US varieties. These include descendants of Middle English short O with final voiced consonants, /dʒ/, or /m/, however, Labov et al do report that which words fall into the lot class and which words fall into the palm class may vary from speaker to speaker. In the former set of words, historical /æ/ is raised and tensed to a gliding vowel of the type or even. The latter set of words, meanwhile, retains a lax, low-front, a strongly related split has occurred in the Philadelphia and Baltimore dialects. Although the lax and the reflexes of /æ/ are separate phonemes in these dialects. Click show below for details of this short-a system. Conservative /oʊ/ and /u/, /oʊ/ as in goat does not undergo fronting, instead, it remains and this groups New York with the North class of dialects rather than the Midland, in which /oʊ/ is fronted
36.
Jimmy Durante
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James Francis Jimmy Durante was an American singer, pianist, comedian, and actor. He often referred to his nose as the Schnozzola, and the word became his nickname, Durante was born on the Lower East Side of New York City. He was the youngest of four born to Rosa and Bartolomeo Durante. Bartolomeo was a barber, and his wife Rosa was the sister of a woman who lived in the boarding house. Young Jimmy served as a boy at Saint Malachys Roman Catholic Church. Durante dropped out of school in grade to become a full-time ragtime pianist. He first played with his cousin, whose name was also Jimmy Durante and it was a family act, but he was too professional for his cousin. He continued working the citys piano bar circuit and earned the nickname Ragtime Jimmy, before he joined one of the first recognizable jazz bands in New York, Durante was the only member not from New Orleans. His routine of breaking into a song to deliver a joke, with band or orchestra chord punctuation after each line, in 1920 the group was renamed Jimmy Durantes Jazz Band. By the mid-1920s, Durante had become a star and radio personality in a trio called Clayton, Jackson. Lou Clayton and Eddie Jackson, Durantes closest friends, often reunited with Durante in subsequent years, Jackson and Durante appeared in the Cole Porter musical The New Yorkers, which opened on Broadway on December 8,1930. Earlier that same year, the team appeared in the movie Roadhouse Nights, by 1934, Durante had a major record hit with his own novelty composition, Inka Dinka Doo, with lyrics by Ben Ryan. It became his theme song for the rest of his life, a year later, Durante starred on Broadway in the Billy Rose stage musical Jumbo. A scene in which an officer stopped Durantes character—who was leading a live elephant across the stage—to ask. Followed by Durantes reply, What elephant and this comedy bit, also reprised in his role in Billy Roses Jumbo, likely contributed to the popularity of the idiom the elephant in the room. Durante also appeared on Broadway in Show Girl, Strike Me Pink and Red, Hot, during the early 1930s, Durante alternated between Hollywood and Broadway. His early motion pictures included an original Rodgers & Hart musical The Phantom President and he was initially paired with silent film legend Buster Keaton in a series of three popular comedies for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- Speak Easily, The Passionate Plumber, and What. No Beer. -- which were hits and a career springboard for the distinctive newcomer
37.
Lou Costello
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Louis Francis Lou Cristillo, known by the stage name Lou Costello, was an American actor and comedian best remembered for the comedy double act of Abbott and Costello, with Bud Abbott. He was known for the catchphrases Heeeeyyy, Abbott. and Im a baaaaad boy, Costello was born Louis Francis Cristillo on March 6,1906, in Paterson, New Jersey, the son of Helen Rege and Sebastiano Cristillo. His father was Italian and his mother was an American of Italian, French and he attended School 15 in Paterson and was considered a gifted athlete. He excelled in basketball and reportedly was once the New Jersey state free throw champion and he also fought as a boxer under the name Lou King. He took his name from actress Helene Costello. On January 30,1934, Costello married Anne Battler, a burlesque dancer and their first child, Patricia Paddy Costello, was born in 1936, followed by Carole on December 23,1938, and Lou Jr. on November 6,1942. On August 15,1947, their last child, Christine, was born, as a young man Costello was a great admirer of silent movie great Charlie Chaplin. In 1927 he went to Hollywood to become an actor, but could find work as a laborer or extra at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Brothers. His athletic skill brought him work as a stunt man. He can also be spotted sitting ringside in the Laurel and Hardy film The Battle of the Century, in 1930, discouraged by his lack of success, he hitchhiked back home but ran out of money in Saint Joseph, Missouri during the Great Depression. There he changed his name to Costello, after actress Helene Costello. Soon after that he went back to New York and began working in vaudeville, Costello crossed paths with a talented straight man named Bud Abbott. In 1935 they first worked together at the Eltinge Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City when Costellos partner failed to show, Abbott and Costello formally teamed up in 1936. Reportedly their first disagreement was over a booking in a show at the Steel Pier in Atlantic City. Costello wanted to take the gig, but Abbott was resistant, Costello offered to give Abbott a larger split of their salary, and Abbott agreed. Years later, in the flush of their Hollywood success, Costello reversed the salary split, 60-40 in his favor. Abbott and Costello were signed by the William Morris talent agency, which succeeded in landing them featured roles and national exposure on The Kate Smith Hour, the teams signature routine, Whos On First. Made its radio debut on Smiths show that year, many of the teams sketches were further polished by John Grant, who was hired soon after the team joined the radio show
38.
Abbott and Costello
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Abbott and Costello were a comedy double act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema. The team was composed of William Bud Abbott and Lou Costello whose work in vaudeville and on stage, radio, film and television made them the most popular team during the 1940s. Their patter routine Whos on First, is one of the best-known comedy routines of all time and set the framework for many of their best-known comedy bits. Bud Abbott was a veteran burlesque entertainer from a business family. He worked at Coney Island and ran his own burlesque touring companies and he first worked as a straight man with his wife Betty, then with veteran burlesque comedians like Harry Steppe and Harry Evanson. When he met his partner in comedy, Abbott was performing in Minskys Burlesque shows. Lou Costello had been a burlesque comic since 1930, after failing to break into acting and working as a stunt double. He appears briefly in the 1927 Laurel and Hardy silent two-reeler, The Battle of the Century, the two men first worked together in 1935, at the Eltinge Burlesque Theater on 42nd Street—now the lobby of the AMC Empire movie complex in New York City. This first performance together occurred due to Costellos regular partner being ill, when AMC moved the old theater 168 ft further west on 42nd Street to its current location, giant balloons of Abbott and Costello were rigged to appear to pull it. Other performers in the show, including Abbotts wife Betty, advised a permanent pairing, the teams first known radio appearance was on The Kate Smith Hour in February 1938. The similarities between their voices made it difficult for listeners to tell them apart during their rapid-fire repartee. To solve the problem, Costello began affecting a high-pitched, childish voice, was first performed for a national radio audience the following month. They performed on the program as regulars for two years, while also landing roles in a Broadway revue, The Streets of Paris, in 1940, Universal Studios signed them for the film One Night in the Tropics. Cast in supporting roles, they stole the show with several classic routines, the same year they were a summer replacement on radio for Fred Allen. Two years later, they had their own NBC program, The Abbott, Universal then signed them to a long-term contract, and their second film, Buck Privates, in 1941 made them box-office stars and saved Universal from imminent bankruptcy. The singing sisters became good friends with Costello during this period, enjoying many barbecues, in 1945, the two acts traded guest appearances on each others top-rated radio shows. Bud and Lou made 36 films together between 1940 and 1956 and they were among the most popular and highest-paid entertainers in the world during World War II. Other film successes included Keep Em Flying, Who Done It, pardon My Sarong, The Time of Their Lives, Buck Privates Come Home, Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man, and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein
39.
Harry Cohn
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Harry Cohn was the American president and production director of Columbia Pictures Corporation. Cohn was born to a working-class Jewish family in New York City and his mother, Bella Joseph, was from Russia, and his father, Joseph Cohen, was a tailor from Germany. After working for a time as a conductor, and then as a promoter for a sheet music printer, he got a job with Universal Pictures. In 1919, Cohn joined his brother and Joe Brandt to found CBC Film Sales Corporation, the initials officially stood for Cohn, Brandt, and Cohn, but Hollywood wags noted the companys low-budget, low-class efforts and nicknamed CBC Corned Beef and Cabbage. Harry Cohn managed the film production in Hollywood, while his brother managed its finances from New York. Most of Columbias early work was action fare starring rock-jawed leading man Jack Holt, Columbia was unable to shake off its stigma as a Poverty Row studio until 1934, when director Frank Capras Columbia comedy It Happened One Night swept the Academy Awards. Exhibitors who formerly wouldnt touch Columbia product became steady customers, as a horizontally integrated company that only controlled production and distribution, Columbia had previously been at the mercy of theater owners. Columbia expanded its scope to offer moviegoers a regular program of economically made features, short subjects, serials, travelogues, sports reels, Columbia would release a few class productions each year, but depended on its popular budget productions to keep the company solvent. During Cohns tenure, the studio always turned a profit, Cohn did not build a stable of movie stars like other studios. Instead, he generally signed actors who worked for more expensive studios to attract a pre-sold audience. Columbias own stars generally rose from the ranks of small-part actors, some of Columbias producers and directors also graduated from lesser positions as actors, writers, musicians, and assistant directors. Cohn was known for his autocratic and intimidating management style, when he took over as Columbias president, he remained production chief as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He respected talent above any personal attribute, but he made sure his employees knew who was boss, writer Ben Hecht referred to him as White Fang. An employee of Columbia called him as absolute a monarch as Hollywood ever knew and it was said he had listening devices on all sound stages and could tune in any conversation on the set, then boom in over a loudspeaker if he heard anything that displeased him. Throughout his tenure, his most popular moniker was King Cohn, moe Howard of the Three Stooges recalled that Cohn was a real Jekyll-and-Hyde-type guy. Socially, he could be very charming, Cohn was known to scream and curse at actors and directors in his office all afternoon, and greet them cordially at a dinner party that evening. There is some suggestion that Cohn deliberately cultivated his reputation as a tyrant, Cohn is said to have kept a signed photograph of Benito Mussolini, whom he met in Italy in 1933, on his desk until the beginning of World War II. Cohn also had a number of ties to organized crime and he had a long-standing friendship with Chicago mobster John Roselli, and New Jersey mob boss Abner Zwillman was the source of the loan that allowed Cohn to buy out his partner Brandt
40.
Laurel and Hardy
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Laurel and Hardy were a comedy double act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema. The team was composed of thin Englishman Stan Laurel and heavyset American Oliver Hardy and they became well known during the late 1920s through the mid-1940s for their slapstick comedy, with Laurel playing the clumsy and childlike friend of the pompous Hardy. The duos signature tune is known variously as The Cuckoo Song, Ku-Ku and it was played over the opening credits of their films and has become as emblematic of the duo as their bowler hats. Prior to their being teamed up, both actors had well-established film careers, Laurel had appeared in over 50 films while Hardy had been in more than 250 productions. The two comedians had previously worked together as cast members on the film The Lucky Dog in 1921. However, they were not a team at that time and it was not until 1926 that they appeared in a movie short together. Laurel and Hardy officially became a team in 1927 when they appeared together in the silent short film Putting Pants on Philip and they remained with the Roach studio until 1940 and then appeared in eight B movie comedies for 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1941 to 1945. After finishing their movie commitments at the end of 1944, they concentrated on performing in shows and embarked on a music hall tour of England, Ireland. In 1950, before retiring from the screen, they made their last film and they appeared as a team in 107 films, starring in 32 short silent films,40 short sound films, and 23 full-length feature films. They also made 12 guest or cameo appearances included the Galaxy of Stars promotional film of 1936. On December 1,1954, the pair made one American television appearance when they were surprised and interviewed by Ralph Edwards on his live NBC-TV program This Is Your Life. Since the 1930s, the works of Laurel and Hardy have been released in numerous theatrical reissues, television revivals, 8-mm and 16-mm home movies, feature-film compilations, in 2005, they were voted the seventh-greatest comedy act of all time by a UK poll of fellow comedians. The official Laurel and Hardy appreciation society is known as The Sons of the Desert which was named after a fictitious fraternal society featured in the Laurel, Stan Laurel was born Arthur Stanley Jefferson in Ulverston, Lancashire, England into a theatrical family. His father Arthur Joseph Jefferson was an entrepreneur and theatre owner in northern England and Scotland who. Arthur Jefferson secured Laurel his first acting job with the theatrical company of Levy and Cardwell. In 1909, Laurel was employed by Britains leading comedy impresario Fred Karno as a supporting actor, Laurel said of Karno, There was no one like him. In 1912, Laurel left England with the Fred Karno Troupe to tour the United States, Laurel had expected the tour to be merely a pleasant interval before returning to London, however, he migrated to the U. S. during the trip. In 1917, Laurel was teamed with Mae Dahlberg as an act for stage and film, they were living as common law husband
41.
Marx Brothers
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The Marx Brothers were an American family comedy act that was successful in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in motion pictures from 1905 to 1949. Five of the Marx Brothers thirteen feature films were selected by the American Film Institute as among the top 100 comedy films and they are widely considered by critics, scholars, and fans to be among the greatest and most influential comedians of the 20th century. The brothers were included in AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars list of the 25 greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood cinema, the group are almost universally known today by their stage names, Chico, Harpo, Groucho, Gummo, and Zeppo Marx. The core of the act was the three brothers, Chico, Harpo, and Groucho. Each developed a highly distinctive stage persona, Harpo and Chico more or less retired after 1949, while Groucho went on to begin a second career in television. The two younger brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, did not develop their characters to the same extent. The two eventually left the act to pursue careers at which they were successful, as well as a large theatrical agency for a time. Gummo was not in any of the movies, Zeppo appeared in the first five films in relatively straight roles, the performing lives of the brothers were brought about by their mother Minnie Marx, who also acted as their manager. The Marx Brothers were five brothers born to U. S. immigrants Miene Minnie Schoenberg, the brothers are best known by their stage names, Another brother, Manfred, the first-born son of Sam and Minnie, was born in 1886 and died in infancy. Family lore told privately of the son, Manny, born in 1886. Even some members of the Marx family wondered if he was pure myth. A death certificate of the Borough of Manhattan reveals that he died, aged seven months, on 17 July 1886, of enterocolitis, with asthenia contributing, i. e. probably a victim of influenza. He is buried at New Yorks Washington Cemetery, beside his grandmother, Fanny Sophie Schönberg, the Marx Brothers also had an older sister, actually a cousin, born in January 1885 who had been adopted by Minnie and Frenchie. Her name was Pauline, or Polly, Groucho talked about her in his 1972 Carnegie Hall concert. Minnie Marx came from a family of performers and her mother was a yodeling harpist and her father a ventriloquist, both were funfair entertainers. Around 1880, the family emigrated to New York City, where Minnie married Sam in 1884, Minnie also acted as the brothers manager, using the name Minnie Palmer so that agents did not realize that she was also their mother. Gummo and Zeppo both became successful businessmen, Gummo gained success through his activities and a raincoat business. The Marx Brothers were born in New York City, the sons of Jewish immigrants from Germany and their mother Minnie Schönberg was from Dornum in East Frisia, and their father Simon Marx was a native of Alsace and worked as a tailor
42.
Idle Roomers (1944 film)
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Idle Roomers is the 80th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1944 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, the Stooges are bellhops at Hotel Snazzy Plaza, and pound each other in order to get some face time with an attractive woman. Unfortunately, she has an evil mean-tempered husband who happens to excel in knife throwing, the husband is also secretly importing Lupe the Wolf Man who goes berserk when he hears music. Later on, when Curly is cleaning their room, he snaps on the radio, filmed on November 17-20,1943, the title Idle Roomers is a pun on idle rumors. The plot device of bellhops pursuing the affections of an attractive female hotel guest would be used in the 1953 Woody Woodpecker cartoon Belle Boys, Idle Roomers marked the first appearance of regular Stooge co-star Christine McIntyre who would predominantly work with the team during the Shemp Howard era. Curly Howards voice begins to deepen with this film, since his 1940 divorce from Elaine Ackerman, Curly had lived a wild life, making merry on a regular basis, and drinking until the wee hours of the morning. Columbia cinematographer Henry Freulich stated in a 1984 interview that it was not unusual to see Curly stumbling into work looking like he had himself a heluva time, by 1944, the effects of Curlys lifestyle began to have an effect on his performances. Idle Roomers marks the first time his acting seems a little slower, the deeper voice confirms this assessment. List of American films of 1944 Idle Roomers - The Three Stooges Online Filmography Idle Roomers at the Internet Movie Database Idle Roomers at AllMovie
43.
Booby Dupes
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Booby Dupes is the 84th short film starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The trio made a total of 190 shorts for Columbia Pictures between 1934 and 1959, the Stooges are fish peddlers who decide to cut out the middleman by catching the fish themselves. They then go about purchasing fishermen uniforms and a boat, while searching for their wardrobe, Curly manages to swipe a navy captains uniform from the same guy whose girl Curly decides to overly flirt with. After the debacle with the lady, the gents reconvene, and go about trading in their car, No sooner are the Stooges on the ocean when their boat starts to sink. They climb aboard their spare dinghy, and signal some passing planes for help, unfortunately, they signal using a white rag with a large red paint-splatter in the center, making it resemble the flag of Japan. The planes overhead turn out to be bombers who believe the Stooges are Japanese marines, amidst the bombing, Moe creates a makeshift motor out of a rotor and Curlys victrola, and the trio make a mad dash out of there. Filmed on September 27-30,1944, Booby Dupes is a remake of the 1932 Laurel. In addition, the gag of a victrola acting as a car appeared in the duos 1932 film Busy Bodies. The title is a play on the line boop-oop-a-doop from the song I Wanna Be Loved by You, made famous by singer Helen Kane and by the Fleischer Studios cartoon character Betty Boop. This is one of a few shorts in which one of the boys call themselves the Stooges, screamed by Moe as the bomber tries to sink their boat. During World War II, the Stooges released a handful of comedies that engaged in propaganda against on the then-enemy Japanese, including Spook Louder, No Dough Boys, Booby Dupes, Curly Howards mannerisms and reactions had been starting to slow down. Booby Dupes at the Internet Movie Database Booby Dupes at AllMovie Booby Dupes at threestooges. net
44.
Idiots Deluxe
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Idiots Deluxe is the 85th short film released by Columbia Pictures in 1945 starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges. The comedians released 190 short films for the studio between 1934 and 1959, Moe is on trial for assaulting Larry and Curly. Moe appeals to the judge, claiming he is a man who was instructed by his doctor to maintain peace. This peace is broken by Larry and Curly who are loudly rehearsing their The Original Two-Man Quartet routine, Moe cracks, and wraps Curlys trombone slide around the quartets necks. Realizing Moe is in bad shape, Larry and Curly decide to take their ailing leader on a trip to relieve his stress. Moe agrees, and the Stooges start packing, no sooner do they arrive in an empty cabin when a hungry bear devours some eggs and potatoes while Moe has his back turned. His nerves double frayed, Moe asks Larry and Curly to pursue the bear, with a fear of bears, he uses his sickness as an excuse not to help. Larry and Curly set the trap, but Curly gets caught in the trap. Larry tells him that it was only the trap and they find Moe, thinking he is the bear, and shoot him. Then they find out it is actually Moe, Curly drives them to the bears cave, and eventually, Moe helps them hunt the bear. Larry spots some boulders and decides to barricade the cave and suffocate the bear, Larry and Curly take him back to the Stooges car. Then, they get back to work, blocking the cave, Larry accidentally throws a rock at the bear. Curly finds him knocked out, thinking he is dead and calls Larry, Moe has revived and is frightened to see the bear in the car, so he escapes. Back in the courtroom, Moe ends his story by concluding that he must go back to bed for six additional months, the judge takes pity on him, and finds him not guilty. The judge then returns Moes axe, and Larry and Curly, Idiots Deluxe was filmed on October 5-9,1944, the last film produced that year. The title is a satire on Idiots Delight, a play by Robert E. Sherwood and later an MGM movie of the title with Norma Shearer. Idiots Deluxe marks a change in the title screens, most notably featuring the Greco-Roman comic mask of the Muse Thalia in the upper left-hand corner. This new format would remain in place for the remainder of the Stooges shorts run at Columbia Pictures, the film is a remake of Oh, My Nerves, starring Monte Collins and Tom Kennedy
