1.
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
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Cuyahoga County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2016 census estimates, the population was 1,249,352 and its county seat is Cleveland. The county is named after the Iroquoian word Cuyahoga, which means crooked river. The name is assigned to the Cuyahoga River, which bisects the county. Cuyahoga County is included in the Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, former U. S. President James A. Garfield was born in what was Cuyahoga Countys Orange Township. After the discovery of the New World, the land that became Cuyahoga County was originally part of the French colony of Canada, which was ceded in 1763 to Great Britain and renamed Province of Quebec. In the late 18th century the land part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory. Cuyahoga County was created on June 7,1807 and organized on May 1,1810 and it was later reduced by the creation of Huron, Lake, and Lorain Counties. It was named after the Cuyahoga River, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,246 square miles, of which 457 square miles is land and 788 square miles is water. It is the second-largest county in Ohio by total area, a portion of Cuyahoga Valley National Park is located in the southeastern portion of the county. Lake County Geauga County Summit County Medina County Lorain County Portage County As of the 2010 Census, there were 1,280,122 people,571,457 households, the population density was 2,800 people per square mile. There were 621,763 housing units at a density of 1,346 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 63. 6% White,29. 7% African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 6% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 8% from other races, and 2. 1% from two or more races. 4. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16. 5% were of German,12. 8% Irish,8. 8% Italian,8. 1% Polish,5. 9% English,3. 7% Slovak and 3. 1% Hungarian, ancestries. There are also numbers of Russians, French, Arabs, Ukrainians. 88. 4% spoke English,3. 7% Spanish, and 4. 9% some other Indo-European language,7. 3% of the population were foreign-born. 32. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.06. In the county, the population was out with 25. 00% under the age of 18,8. 00% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,22. 20% from 45 to 64
2.
Public library
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A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public and is generally funded from public sources, such as taxes. It is operated by librarians and library paraprofessionals, who are civil servants. There are five fundamental characteristics shared by public libraries, Public libraries exist in many countries across the world and are often considered an essential part of having an educated and literate population. Public access to books is not new, romans made scrolls in dry rooms available to patrons of the baths, and tried with some success to establish libraries within the empire. In the middle of the 19th century, the push for public libraries, paid for by taxes. Public libraries were started with a donation, or were bequeathed to parishes, churches. These social and institutional libraries formed the base of many academic and public collections of today. The establishment of circulating libraries in the 18th century, by booksellers and publishers provided a means of gaining profit, the circulating libraries not only provided a place to sell books, but also a place to lend books for a price. These circulating libraries provided a variety of including the increasingly popular novels. Circulating libraries were not exclusively lending institutions and often provided a place for other forms of commercial activity and this was necessary because the circulating libraries did not generate enough funds through subscription fees collected from its borrowers. As a commerce venture, it was important to consider the factors such as other goods or services available to the subscribers. The Malatestiana Library, also known as the Malatesta Novello Library, is a public library dating from 1452 in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna and it was the first European civic library, i. e. belonging to the Commune and open to everybody. It was commissioned by the Lord of Cesena, Malatesta Novello, the works were directed by Matteo Nuti of Fano and lasted from 1447 to 1452. In the early years of the 17th century, many famous collegiate, norwich City library was established in 1608 and Chethams Library in Manchester, which claims to be the oldest public library in the English-speaking world, opened in 1653. Claude Sallier, the French philologist and churchman, operated an early form of library in the town of Saulieu from 1737 to 1750. He wished to make culture and learning accessible to all people, the Załuski Library was built in Warsaw 1747–1795 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops. The library was open to the public and indeed was the first Polish public library, at the start of the 18th century, libraries were becoming increasingly public and were more frequently lending libraries. The 18th century saw the switch from closed parochial libraries to lending libraries, before this time, public libraries were parochial in nature and libraries frequently chained their books to desks
3.
Accel-KKR
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Accel-KKR is a technology-focused private equity firm with $4 billion in capital under management. The firm invests primarily in software and technology-enabled services businesses, the company has offices in Menlo Park, California, Atlanta, Georgia, and London, UK. The firm was founded in February 2000 as a partnership venture capital firm Accel Partners and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, one of the oldest and largest leveraged buyout firms. However, the firm operates independently of either firm since the mid-2000s, the firms Founding Partner is Tom Barnds, who is based in Menlo Park. Tom, and his co-Managing Partner Rob Palumbo, were both All-American lacrosse players at Princeton University, Accel-KKR raised $4 billion of investor commitments. The company is investing from its fifth buyout fund, a $1.3 billion fund raised in 2015, and its second minority equity fund. Companies owned by Accel-KKR include, KKR and Accel Open Atlanta Office, new York Times, July 31,2006 Accel-KKR
4.
State Library of Ohio
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The State Library is governed by a five-member board. The Board members are appointed by the State Board of Education, under the Ohio Revised Code, section 3375.01, the State Library Board is responsible for the State Library of Ohio and a statewide program of development and coordination of library services. The State Library of Ohio was established in 1817 by Governor Thomas Worthington and it was established with the purchase of 509 books. Initially it was not used by the public but by legislators, the public was able to use the library beginning in 1853. However it was not until 1896 that people were allowed to borrow materials, in June 1927, a lack of funds caused the library to close. Due to volunteer efforts it reopened a few months later but did not have state funding until the next year, in December 2000, the State Library moved from the Ohio Departments Building into the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, a converted factory that produced mining machinery. Today the State Library of Ohio collaborates with state agencies. The SEO Library Center houses, maintains and supports a centralized shared catalog database that includes over 6 million items with a database of 700. The power of this consortium resides in resource sharing among consortia members allowing small and rural library systems to have access to millions of items for their patrons free of charge
5.
Westerville Public Library
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The Westerville Public Library is a public library that serves the community of Westerville, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, Ohio. As a school library, its geographic boundaries are defined by the Westerville City School District which straddles both Franklin County and Delaware County. All Ohio residents can apply for a Westerville Public Library card. As of December,2014, the library had 118,720 registered borrowers, circulated 2,102,171 items and saw 81,475 people attending library programs, the library is located at 126 South State Street, in the heart of Uptown Westerville. To access the parking lot, turn onto Library Rd from Walnut St. The library hosts events and programs for patrons of all ages, including story times, computer classes, book clubs, there were 2,343 events held in 2015. Students, faculty and staff of the schools can all receive library materials, except for art prints. 1930, The Westerville Public Library was established on December 15,1930 and was located on the first floor of the residence of Purley Baker, cora Bailey was the librarian, and within several weeks it contained 3,062 volumes and 885 registered borrowers. 1932, The library expanded to the floor of the municipal building. 1952, Jane Willson Bradford became director,1954, A new building was constructed on the current site. It boasted 41,000 volumes and 4,000 borrowers,1973, The sole trustee of the Anti-Saloon League donated to the library their headquarters, land and extensive 200,000 volume temperance collection. 1979, A levy was passed and 17,820 square feet of space was added to the library, including a meeting room. 1980s, The librarys catalog became an online computerized system in the 1980s 1988,1991 Implemented Dial-up internet access to the librarys catalog. Circulation was over 1.2 million and holdings over 200,000 volumes,1993, Westerville patrons became the first in the state to use self check-out machines. 1994, Westerville became the first public library in Ohio to offer full Internet access to patrons via the World Wide Web. 1995, Voters passed a levy by 63% for a project which added 27,000 square feet to the facility, providing space for an expanding collection, increased seating. 1997, The library was recognized as a leader in technology in 1997,1998, Two 1998 Builders Exchange Craftsmanship Awards were earned for outstanding exterior masonry work and the meticulously paneled two-story birch wall in the atrium. The expanded area included a gift shop operated by the Friends of the Library,1999, Patrons were given the ability to reserve items through the Internet and pick them up through a drive-up window
6.
Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County
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Mahoning County is located 65 miles southeast of Cleveland, Ohio and 62 miles northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 2005, the library loaned more than 1.8 million items to its 122,000 cardholders, also at all branches there are computers to use, but only in certain locations are there color printing. Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County website
7.
Toledo-Lucas County Public Library
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Toledo-Lucas County Public Library is a public library located in Toledo, Ohio. It has the fifth largest collection in the state and has been ranked by the Hennen American Public Library Rating as one of the top libraries in the United States, dating back to 1838, the library was Ohios first public library founded using tax money. The main library on Michigan Avenue officially opened on September 5,1940, the current system was created when the Toledo Public, Lucas County, and Sylvania Public libraries merged. In 2001, the library had an expansion and restoration. Toledo-Lucas County Public Library is Ohios fifth largest public collection, because the main library holds 1.2 million reference materials, including books, DVDs, videos. The library uses AuthorityWorks cataloging and uses Federated Search to sort all of this material, however, it also contains photographs, genealogical resource materials, periodicals, family histories, obituaries, court records, and archives from the Toledo Blade. There is a floor layout with 750 thousand books resting on 95% open stacks. Almost one million resources are checked out every year by over 500 thousand patrons, currently, Toledo-Lucas County Public Library is working on setting a world record for the largest shared learning experience that involves children and adults. The system also gives tours of downtown Toledo
8.
Akron-Summit County Public Library
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The Akron-Summit County Public Library has over 3,000,000 books and items in its collection. The library also has 335,000 library cardholders, and over 6,000,000 items borrowed, the Akron-Summit County Public Library includes a Main Library,17 branch libraries and Mobile Services. The library’s history dates back to 1874, when the City Council passed an ordinance to provide a public library for the city of Akron. The library started on the floor of the Masonic Temple that was located on the corner of South Howard Street. The library then moved to second floor of the Everett Building on the corner of East Market Street, due to the library’s rapid growth, it was moved in 1904 to a new Carnegie library building funded by Andrew Carnegie on East Market Street. On October 10,2004, the expanded and renovated Main Library reopened on South High Street. Today, the Mobile Services department continues to extend library services beyond library buildings to children, two bookmobiles visit schools, daycare centers, Head Start programs, and neighborhoods during the school year and in the summer. A van serves many senior citizens’ housing facilities and apartments using carts of materials brought inside to residents, nursing homes and other residential facilities receive monthly deliveries of library materials. Mobile Services supports two libraries at the Summit County Jail and provides service to other correctional facilities for both adults and children. The Library Express Delivery Service provides library materials to the homebound via U. S. Postal Service, postage is paid both ways by the Library. East Branch Library was the first branch library, constructed in 1939, prior to that, branch libraries were in locations as diverse as the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company’s recreational hall, a department store, a church, and a local school. Most of the branch libraries underwent extensive renovation between 1999 and 2008 to accommodate the needs of current residents throughout Summit County. The library has a history of supporting artists by acquiring and installing their works at Main Library. As renovations took place, local artists were commissioned to create works of art that were designed and installed specifically at Main Library, teen Services throughout the system offer study resources, educational support and a wide range of activities for youth. Over the years, a variety of children’s programming has emerged throughout the system. Special attention has been paid to developing a Children’s Library at Main, caregivers and educators make use of a Lab and its equipment, and materials geared to assist in the education of young children. The Main Library is located at 60 South High Street, downtown Akron, Mobile Services is located at 60 South High Street, downtown Akron, in the lower level of the Main Library
9.
Bay Village, Ohio
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Bay Village is a city located west of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 15,651 at the 2010 census, Bay Village is located in Ohios 9th congressional district. Before the first white men explored the area around 1600, Erie Indians lived in Bay Village, the most important Indian trail in Ohio is present-day Lake Road, which is a main road in Bay Village. In that same century, what is now Bay Village, along with Avon Lake, Avon and this territory was later called by the whites in a native language, Xeuma, a term roughly meaning those who came before us. The area belonged to Connecticut until 1803, the year in which Ohio became a state, before 1803, the Connecticut Land Company sold and gave away land in the area to Connecticut citizens, who had lost their homes and farms during the Revolutionary War. Because many had lost their homes to fires during the war, one surveyor with the Connecticut Land Company was Moses Cleaveland. He came with his friends on horseback from Connecticut and stopped at the Cuyahoga River with his Indian guides in July 1796, the land was then divided into five townships. The area between the Cuyahoga River and The Firelands to the west was out in 1806. Joseph Cahoon settled the City of Bay Village in 1810, Bay Village was part of the original Dover Township. Bay Township split from Dover Township in 1901, in 1903, Bay Village was incorporated, and the first mayor and council were elected. In 1917, the last Cahoon descendent died, leaving the home and 115 acres of land to the city. John Huntington, one of the partners of Standard Oil Company. Bay Village became a city on January 1,1950, when it had reached a population of 6,917, Bay Village is located at 41°29′3″N 81°55′36″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.06 square miles. Bay Village is home to the Cleveland Metroparks Huntington Reservation, Lake Erie Nature & Science Center, Huntington Playhouse, and BAYarts are also located within the reservation. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,651 people,6,198 households, the population density was 3,424.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,436 housing units at a density of 1,408.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 0% White,0. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,0. 9% Asian,0. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population
10.
Beachwood, Ohio
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Beachwood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Cleveland. The population was 11,953 at the 2010 census, the area which became Beachwood dates back to the formation of the Connecticut Western Reserve. Before becoming an independent city, the area was a part of Warrensville Township, in 1915, Beachwood seceded from Warrensville after the Township voted to close a nearby Beachwood-area school. A petition was organized, and on June 26,1915, Beachwood attained full city status in 1960. Beachwood was named for the numerous Beech trees that grew throughout the village, the origin of the spelling of the City is disputed. Upon incorporation, the Citys name was spelled, Beechwood. One popular theory is that a village hall clerk misspelled the name on some official documents. Beachwood is located at 41°28′56″N 81°30′14″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.34 square miles, of which 5.33 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,186 people,5,074 households, the population density was 2,307.5 people per square mile. There were 5,447 housing units at a density of 1,031.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city is 86. 50% White,9. 08% African American,0. 08% Native American,3. 21% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 15% from other races, and 0. 97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 78% of the population, there were 5,074 households out of which 24. 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 56. 0% were married couples living together,5. 1% had a householder with no husband present. 35. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 23. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.86. In the village the population was out with 19. 7% under the age of 18,3. 0% from 18 to 24,17. 2% from 25 to 44,24. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 52 years, for every 100 females there were 78.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $65,406, and the median income for a family was $86,632. Males had an income of $71,829 versus $35,375 for females
11.
Bedford, Ohio
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Bedford is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,074 at the 2010 census and it is an eastern suburb of Cleveland. Bedford is located at 41°23′33″N 81°32′04″W, according to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 5.40 square miles, of which 5.35 square miles is land and 0.05 square miles is water. Bedford began as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in 1797 and was surveyed Seth Pease, the area was originally marked as Lot 46 of the Western Reserve Survey and after the survey it was labeled as Range II Township 6 which would eventually become Bedford Township. The area attracted many enterprising settlers as it had both an abundance of forests and Tinkers Creek, which had waterfalls that were conducive for building mills. The first settlers to the area started to arrive in 1813, in 1816, the Taylor Chair Company was created by Benjamin Franklin Fitch along the banks of Tinkers Creek. The original workshop site was located at the corners of Libby Rd and Warrensville-Center Rd in Bedford, the company is still in existence today and is considered to be the longest running, single family owned company in the US. Bedford Township was officially founded in 1823 and Township 6 was renamed Bedford Township by Daniel Benedict, originally a native of Bedford, from the 1830s to 1890s, industries spring up along Tinkers Creek, using the fast-flowing water as a source of power to operate numerous mills. In 1834, the First Baptist Church was established to meet the religious needs of the growing population in the area. In 1892, the moved into its first dedicated building located on the Bedford Commons. The old First Baptist Church is a stone building done in the Late Gothic Revival style and was designed by architect Jacob Snyder, in 1968, the First Baptist Church moved to its present location at the corner of Turney Road and West Glendale Avenue. The old stone still stands though and is owned by the Bedford Historical Society. It currently serves as a community building and a rental hall, the deed for the land stated the property was to be used as a public square forever. 1861 -1865 Bedford sends over 280 of its sons to fight in the Civil War, a monument to these men was erected in 1886 to commemorate their sacrifices. 1890s - Bedford becomes a train isthmus for the railroad network, in 1889, the Bedford Depot for passengers awaiting trains is built. 1905 - A new Bedford Central High School is opened 1915 - The village of Maple Heights splits from Bedford Township, the village of Maple Heights left Bedford Township in 1915. 1921 - Saint Marys Parish becomes Bedfords first Catholic parish, in 1927, the Bedford Municipal Hospital was built. The original hospital still stands, though it has been added onto since it was first constructed
12.
Berea, Ohio
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Berea is a city in Cuyahoga County in the U. S. state of Ohio and is a western suburb of Cleveland. The population was 19,093 at the 2010 census, Berea is home to Baldwin Wallace University, as well as the training facility for the Cleveland Browns and the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. Berea, Ohio, was established in 1836, henry O. Sheldon, a circuit rider, selected Berea and Tabor as possible names for the community. The townspeople decided to flip a coin, and Berea won. The first European settlers were originally from Connecticut, abram Hickox, a Revolutionary War veteran, bought the first plot in what is today Middleburg Heights and in 1808 traveled west from Connecticut to his new purchase. Dissuaded by the swampy and heavily forested land he decided to settle in Cleveland and he became successful as Clevelands first full-time blacksmith. His plot of land was sold to his nephew, Jared Hickox and they followed an ancient Indian highway down through the forest from Cleveland and then, at what is now the corner of Bagley and Pearl roads, began to hack their way directly west. About two miles in they found Grangers plot markers and set up their homestead, today this area is a strip mall on Bagley Road, just down the road from Berea. At the time Hickox discovered Grangers plot markers, the area was a lowland and, as fate would have it. The family farm was in dire straits, having been so severely depleted of male laborers, love came to the rescue, however, and the areas spirits were lifted by its first marriage, that of Jareds daughter Amy Hickox to a recent arrival, Abijah Bagley. Bagley ended up taking over the farm and managing it into a successful concern, today, Bereas largest street bears his name. In 1828, educator John Baldwin moved to Middeburg Township where he joined forces with James Gilbrith and this village was founded in 1837. Baldwin ran the Lyceum Village School for five years until June 1842, however, one day while walking home, he had an impulse to take a new route across the river on his farm. He noticed a grouping of exposed rocks which he judged would make superior grindstones and this was the beginning of the Berea quarrying industry. After the Big Four Railroad was built from Cleveland to Cincinnati and it was then that Baldwin and the others of the Lyceum Village tried to think of a name for their new town. After Gilbrith proposed Tabor, John Baldwin suggested Berea, citing the biblical Berea in the Acts 17, after a coin flip, Berea was chosen. In 1842, the Baldwin Institute opened on the side of town. The school was open to all, regardless of sex, race or religious creed, in 1852, it was renamed Baldwin University
13.
Brecksville, Ohio
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Brecksville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb in the Greater Cleveland area. The citys population was 13,656 at the 2010 census, Brecksville was founded in 1811, four years after several men — including Colonel John Breck — purchased the surrounding area. After the land was surveyed, Seth Payne, one of the surveyors, brought his family and settled in the area in June 1811, and he was soon followed by many other families. Although Colonel Breck never lived in Brecksville, his three sons did, and members of his continued to live in Brecksville until 1934. A comprehensive early historical account of Brecksville was written by William R. Coates, Brecksville was incorporated as a village in 1921, and it gained the status of city in 1960. Brecksville is located at 41°18′36″N 81°37′44″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.68 square miles, of which 19.57 square miles is land and 0.11 square miles is water. Brecksville is defined by its scenic wooded bluffs and ravines which are a result of the confluence of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. Many neighborhoods are adjacent to the Brecksville Reservation of the Cleveland Metroparks, the Brecksville Reservation consists of 2,500 acres. Along with the Cleveland Metroparks and Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Brecksville has a Human Resources and Community Center. As of July 1,2015, the per capita income for a household in the city was $126,033, the median household income is $97,013 and the average household income is $127,229. Of the citys population over the age of 25, 78% hold a degree or higher, 51% hold a bachelors degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,656 people,5,349 households, the population density was 697.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 5,623 housing units at a density of 287.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 3% White,1. 7% African American,0. 1% Native American,3. 4% Asian,0. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 4% of the population. 24. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 47.4 years. 22. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,18. 1% were from 25 to 44,36. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 9% male and 50. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $88,358, and the median income for a family was $104,347
14.
Brook Park, Ohio
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Brook Park is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and a suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2010 Census, the city population was 19,212, Brook Park is located at 41°23′58″N 81°49′6″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.53 square miles. Brook Park became a city in 1950, the unit lost 48 Marines during the course of the deployment. On August 5, the city government printed and distributed American flags for every household in the city to display on their windows, on August 8, thousands of citizens from throughout Northeast Ohio attended a memorial service to show their support for the fallen Marines. Brook Park Mayor Thomas J. Coyne Jr. was recently re-elected on November 5,2013, after 12 years out of the office, Coyne had been the Mayor of Brook Park from 1981 to 2002. Coyne had originally came to Brook Park with his family at the age of nine from Cleveland around the time of the incorporation in 1960. He is an alumnus of St. Edwards in nearby Lakewood,93. 9% spoke English,1. 8% Spanish,1. 2% German, and 0. 6% Greek. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,212 people,7,799 households, the population density was 2,551.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,171 housing units at a density of 1,085.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 2% White,3. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 6% Asian,0. 9% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 4% of the population. 27. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 43.8 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 2% were from 25 to 44,28. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 19. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 0% male and 52. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 21,218 people,8,193 households, and 5,989 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,815.1 people per square mile, there were 8,370 housing units at an average density of 1,110.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 49% White,1. 95% African American,0. 23% Native American,1. 26% Asian,0. 77% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 99% of the population. 23. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06
15.
Brooklyn, Ohio
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Brooklyn is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Cleveland. The population was 11,169 at the 2010 census, Brooklyn is located at 41°26′7″N 81°44′40″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.29 square miles. 86. 2% spoke English,2. 8% Spanish,2. 5% Arabic,2. 0% Italian,1. 7% German, and 1. 4% Greek. As of the census of 2000, there were 11,586 people,5,348 households, the population density was 2,704.4 people per square mile. There were 5,521 housing units at a density of 1,288.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 66% White,1. 69% African American,0. 10% Native American,2. 28% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,1. 63% from other races, and 1. 62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 88% of the population,36. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the family size was 2.84. In the city the population was out with 18. 9% under the age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,28. 4% from 25 to 44,23. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $40,661, and the median income for a family was $46,696. The per capita income for the city was $21,439, about 5. 2% of families and 12. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 8% of those under age 18 and 6. 8% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,169 people,5,153 households, the population density was 2,628.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 5,506 housing units at a density of 1,295.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 84. 3% White,5. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,3. 9% Asian,4. 0% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 10. 4% of the population. 37. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 42.9 years
16.
Chagrin Falls, Ohio
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The village was established and has grown around a natural waterfall on the Chagrin River. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,113. The village was incorporated in 1844 from parts of three townships in two counties, neighboring Chagrin Falls Township was established in 1845. Chagrin Falls was laid out in 1837, the community takes its name from a waterfall on the Chagrin River in the middle of town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 2.14 square miles. As of the census of 2010,4,113 people,1,872 households, the population density was 1,977.4 inhabitants per square mile. The 2,042 housing units averaged 981.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 0% White,0. 4% African American 0. 8% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 1% from other races, hispanics or Latinos of any race were 0. 9% of the population. About 39. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.94. The gender makeup of the village was 46. 2% male and 53. 8% female, as of the census of 2000,4,024 people,1,862 households, and 1,100 families resided in the village. The population density was 1,943.2 people per square mile, the 2,041 housing units averaged 985.6 per square mile. In the village, the population was distributed as 22. 2% under age 18,3. 5% from 18 to 24,27. 8% from 25 to 44,26. 9% from 45 to 64, the median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.8 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.6 males. The median income for a household in the village was $62,917, males had a median income of $69,609 versus $36,319 for females. The per capita income for the village was $42,885, about 2. 4% of families and 3. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Chagrin Falls is in the Chagrin Falls Exempted Village School District, which serves the villages of Chagrin Falls, South Russell, and Bentleyville, Chagrin Falls High School was rated 97th in Newsweeks Complete List of the 1,200 Top U. S. This study was based largely on the ratio of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests taken to the number of graduating high school seniors, also in 2006, the Chagrin Falls district was given an Excellent rating for the sixth year in a row by Newsweek. On December 4,2008, Chagrin Falls High School was once ranked in the top 100 public high schools in the country
17.
Fairview Park, Ohio
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Fairview Park is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It borders Cleveland to the east, Westlake and North Olmsted to the west, Rocky River to the north, at the 2010 census, the city population was 16,826. Fairview Park was originally part of Rockport Township, later the Rocky River hamlet, the hamlet was incorporated as a village in 1903 and was split in 1910, with the northern part of the region becoming Rocky River and the southern part assuming the name Goldwood. Part of the Goldwood Township was later annexed to Rocky River, afterwards, Goldwood was split into two regions. A large portion of the land to the north became the Village of Fairview, meanwhile, the remaining land located in the southwest corner and land along Center Ridge Road remained as Goldwood and was later incorporated as a village. By 1925, the remaining Goldwood region was renamed Parkview, both Fairview Village and Parkview remained small suburbs of its neighboring Cleveland. In 1929, a recession in Fairview led to consideration of annexation to Cleveland. However, the plan never went to the ballot and Fairview maintained its independence, in 1948, Fairview became Fairview Park. Much of the growth of this region did not take place until after World War II, most notably, the village began attracting former Cleveland residents when Fairview Shopping Center opened in 1947 on Lorain Road. In 1950, the villages size exceeded 5,000 at 9,234, the first city charter was adopted in November 1958. The remaining Parkview region was annexed to Fairview in 1967. Fairview Park is located at 41°26′30″N 81°51′27″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.68 square miles, all land. 93. 3% spoke English,1. 5% Spanish,1. 0% Arabic, as of the census of 2010, there were 16,826 people,7,564 households, and 4,461 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,595.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 8,109 housing units at an average density of 1,732.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 4% White,1. 8% Black,0. 1% Native American,1. 6% Asian,0. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 3% of the population. Of the citys population over the age of 25,38. 0% hold a degree or higher. 35. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age in the city was 42.3 years
18.
Garfield Heights, Ohio
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Garfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 28,849 at the time of the 2010 census, Garfield Heights is located at 41°25′17″N 81°36′10″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.29 square miles. The elevation of Garfield Heights is 831 feet above sea level where it borders Cleveland, Marymount Hospital is the citys largest employer. The Ohio Department of Transportation has its District 12 headquarters in the city, the Garfield Heights Chamber of Commerce was established in the 1960s and includes over 250 business members from the area. Chart Industries, a gas tank manufacturer, has its headquarters in Garfield Heights. Chart Industries is one of the fastest growing companies in the world, the headquarters is in the Infinity Corporate Center. There is talk that Infinity Corporate Center may be renamed Chart Center, Chart is a $1 billion company and has been featured on CNBC, Fox Business Network, and Bloomberg. The Ohio Catholic Federal Credit Union, one of the largest credit unions in Ohio, is based in Garfield Heights, as of 2011, it had 17,456 members and $155 million in assets. Garfield Heights has seven wards and a form of government. The citys charter went into effect in 1956, the city also has a municipal court that serves several jurisdictions. City officials Mayor, Vic Collova Council President, Joseph M. Suster The council president is selected by members of city council, if the mayors seat is vacated, the council president would assume the duties, according to the city charter. Police Chief, Robert Byrne Fire Chief, Thomas Nemetz Fire houses,2 The city has a network of warning sirens. The sirens are tested at noon on the first Saturday of every month. A Community Emergency Response Team is in place, Garfield Heights uses traffic signal preemption. The Dan Kostel Recreation Center is located on Turney Road at the Civic Center complex and includes a swimming pool open during summer season only. Garfield Park Reservation, part of the regional Cleveland Metroparks system, is located in the Northeast corner of Garfield Heights on its border with Cleveland, the ethnic groups of Garfield Heights include Poles, Slovenes, Italians, Irish, and African-Americans. 93. 4% spoke English,2. 8% Polish,1. 2% Italian, as of the census of 2010, there were 28,849 people,11,691 households, and 7,393 families residing in the city
19.
Gates Mills, Ohio
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Gates Mills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,270 at the 2010 census, Gates Mills is a suburb of Cleveland and was originally part of Mayfield Township. The village was named for Halsey Gates, the proprietor of a local mill. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 9.10 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,270 people,919 households, the population density was 253.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 992 housing units at a density of 110.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 93. 0% White,1. 3% African American,0. 1% Native American,4. 0% Asian,0. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 9% of the population. 21. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the village was 52.5 years. 18. 2% of residents were under the age of 18, 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,13. 4% were from 25 to 44, 39% were from 45 to 64, and 23. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50. 7% male and 49. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,493 people,925 households, and 750 families residing in the village. The population density was 274.2 people per square mile, there were 974 housing units at an average density of 107.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 94. 10% White,0. 92% African American,0. 20% Native American,3. 49% Asian,0. 12% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 60% of the population. 16. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.00. In the village, the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,4. 8% from 18 to 24,17. 6% from 25 to 44,35. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 47 years, for every 100 females there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males, the median income for a household in the village was $133,605, and the median income for a family was $161,350. Males had an income of $100,000 versus $50,761 for females
20.
Independence, Ohio
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Independence is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,133, Independence was originally Center, and under the latter name was laid out in 1830. Independence is located at 41°22′55″N 81°38′27″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.64 square miles, of which 9.54 square miles is land and 0.10 square miles is water. Independence is also the intersection of I-480 and I-77, the I-77/I-480 interchange or the cloverleaf interchange as Clevelanders call it, is the biggest interchange in Ohio. The cloverleaf opened in 1940, but construction of the Willow Freeway, in the late 1970s I-480 connected into I-77. This interchange is similar to interchanges in Los Angeles, the original 1939 cloverleaf is still in existence on Granger and Brecksville Roads. This is still in use today, but not by as many cars because of I-77, as of the census of 2010, there were 7,133 people,2,770 households, and 2,054 families residing in the city. The population density was 747.7 inhabitants per square mile, there were 2,868 housing units at an average density of 300.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 6% White,0. 4% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 9% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 1% of the population. 23. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 47 years. 22. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,17. 9% were from 25 to 44,33. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 19. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 5% male and 51. 5% female, of the citys population over the age of 25,36. 0% held a bachelors degree or higher. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,109 people,2,673 households, the population density was 741.6 people per square mile. There were 2,726 housing units at a density of 284.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 58% White,0. 58% African American,1. 29% Asian,0. 14% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 82% of the population. 21. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,6. 0% from 18 to 24,23. 1% from 25 to 44,25. 5% from 45 to 64
21.
Maple Heights, Ohio
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Maple Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, outside Cleveland. The population was 23,138 at the 2010 census, Maple Heights is located at 41°24′44″N 81°33′35″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.17 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 23,138 people,9,515 households, the population density was 4,475.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 10,894 housing units at a density of 2,107.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 28. 0% White,68. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 0% Asian,0. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 5% of the population. 32. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 25. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 5% were from 25 to 44,28. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 13. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 3% male and 53. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 26,156 people,10,489 households, and 6,964 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,039.1 people per square mile, there were 10,935 housing units at an average density of 2,106.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 51. 65% White,44. 34% African American,0. 13% Native American,1. 73% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 47% from other races, and 1. 66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 21% of the population,29. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the family size was 3.08. In the city, the population was out with 25. 7% under the age of 18,6. 7% from 18 to 24,30. 9% from 25 to 44,20. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18and over, there were 82.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $40,414, and the median income for a family was $48,580. Males had an income of $35, 268versus $28,023 for females
22.
Mayfield, Ohio
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Mayfield is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The village is officially named Mayfield, but is referred to as Mayfield Village. Mayfield Village was originally part of Mayfield Township and is now a suburb of Cleveland, the population was 3,460 at the 2010 census. Mayfield is located at 41°32′52″N 81°26′37″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.96 square miles, of which 3.95 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. Mayfield Village is bordered by Highland Heights to the west, Mayfield Heights to the south, Gates Mills to the east, and Willoughby Hills to the north. 28. 4% were of Italian,16. 4% German,13. 1% Irish,6. 0% English,5. 9% Russian, and 2. 4% Slovak, Swedish, and Welsh ancestries. 90. 7% spoke English,3. 3% Russian,2. 2% Italian,1. 7% Hungarian, as of the census of 2010, there were 3,460 people,1,531 households, and 987 families residing in the village. The population density was 875.9 inhabitants per square mile, there were 1,614 housing units at an average density of 408.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 90. 1% White,2. 8% African American,6. 0% Asian,0. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 2% of the population. 31. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age in the village was 48.3 years. 19. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,19. 7% were from 25 to 44,30. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 24. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49. 6% male and 50. 4% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,435 people,1,392 households, and 1,013 families residing in the village. The population density was 875.2 people per square mile, there were 1,471 housing units at an average density of 374.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 94. 44% White,1. 31% African American,0. 03% Native American,3. 58% Asian,0. 17% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 79% of the population. 23. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.92. In the village, the population was out with 20. 8% under the age of 18,5. 6% from 18 to 24,22. 9% from 25 to 44,27. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 45 years, for every 100 females there were 92.2 males
23.
Middleburg Heights, Ohio
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Middleburg Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 15,946 at the 2010 census, Middleburg Heights is located at 41°22′0″N 81°48′32″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.08 square miles. At the 2010 census, there were 15,946 people,7,114 households and 4,234 families residing in the city, the population density was 1,976.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,586 housing units at a density of 940.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 1% White,1. 6% African American,0. 2% Native American,5. 6% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 2% of the population. 35. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 46.6 years. 17. 5% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 5% were from 25 to 44,29. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 23. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 3% male and 52. 7% female, at the 2000 census, there were 15,542 people,6,705 households and 4,257 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,924.8 per square mile, there were 7,094 housing units at an average density of 878.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 63% White,1. 33% African American,0. 15% Native American,2. 26% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,0. 28% from other races, and 1. 28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 27% of the population,31. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the family size was 2.84. 17. 7% of the population were under the age of 18,7. 3% from 18 to 24,27. 7% from 25 to 44,25. 7% from 45 to 64, the median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 90.1 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males. The median household income was $47,893 and the family income was $60,015. Males had an income of $44,707 compared with $28,608 for females
24.
North Olmsted, Ohio
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North Olmsted is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 32,718, North Olmsted is a west side suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, and is the 8th most populated city within Cuyahoga County. After the discovery of the New World, the land that became North Olmsted was originally part of the French colony of Canada, which was ceded in 1763 to Great Britain and renamed Province of Quebec. In the late 18th century the land part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory. In 1806, the vast tract of land comprising present-day North Olmsted, Olmsted Falls and Olmsted Township was purchased for $30,000 by Aaron Olmsted, in 1815, David Johnson Stearns of Vermont was followed by other pioneers from New England who established a settlement in the wilderness. Earliest records show the area was called Kingston, in 1823 the people organized into a township called Lenox. These books became known as the Ox Cart Library, on March 24,1966, the Great Northern Theatre opened at Great Northern Shopping Center in North Olmsted. This was one of the first and few Cinerama Theatres in Ohio and had a gold colored curtain in front of the long 90 foot screen in a large auditorium with 1,346 seats. It was closed in 2000 due to new cinemas that were added in nearby Westlake by Regal Cinemas, North Olmsted is located at 41°24′54″N 81°54′52″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.67 square miles. 90. 6% spoke English,2. 3% Arabic,1. 5% Spanish, as of the census of 2010, there were 32,718 people,13,645 households, and 8,893 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,803.6 inhabitants per square mile, there were 14,500 housing units at an average density of 1,242.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 6% White,2. 0% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 7% Asian,0. 9% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 5% of the population. 30. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 43.5 years. 20. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 5% were from 25 to 44,30. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 3% male and 51. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 34,113 people,13,517 households, and 9,367 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,932.9 people per square mile, there were 14,059 housing units at an average density of 1,208.7 per square mile
25.
North Royalton, Ohio
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North Royalton is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 30,444 at the 2010 census, originally incorporated as a village in 1927, it achieved the status of city in 1961. North Royalton is located at 41°19′20″N 81°44′47″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.32 square miles, of which 21.31 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 28,647 people,11,250 households, the population density was 1,345.9 people per square mile. There were 11,754 housing units at a density of 552.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 18% White,0. 71% African American,0. 12% Native American,1. 99% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 16% from other races, and 0. 83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 95% of the population,26. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the family size was 3.11. The average house cost about $210,000.00. In the city the population was out with 24. 3% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,30. 6% from 25 to 44,25. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males, the median income for a household in the city was $57,398, and the median income for a family was $69,983. Males had an income of $46,764.00 versus $31,173.00 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,610, about 1. 2% of families and 2. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 5% of those under age 18 and 3. 5% of those age 65 or over. Of the citys population over the age of 25,32. 9% hold a degree or higher. 90. 8% spoke English,1. 5% German,1. 3% Polish, as of the census of 2010, there were 30,444 people,12,944 households, and 8,220 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,428.6 inhabitants per square mile, there were 13,710 housing units at an average density of 643.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 6% White,1. 1% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 7% Asian,0. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population
26.
Olmsted Falls, Ohio
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Olmsted Falls is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a southwestern suburb of Cleveland. The population was 9,024 at the 2010 census, the city’s main business district is located at the corners of Bagley and Columbia Roads, and contains the Grand Pacific Junction, a historic and pedestrian friendly shopping district. Olmsted Falls is located at 41°22′3″N 81°54′17″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.12 square miles, all land. After the discovery of the New World, the land that became Olmsted Falls was originally part of the French colony of Canada, which was ceded in 1763 to Great Britain and renamed Province of Quebec. In the late 18th century the land part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory. In 1806, the vast tract of land comprising present-day Olmsted Falls, North Olmsted, and Olmsted Township was purchased for $30,000 by Aaron Olmstead, a wealthy sea captain. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,024 people,3,684 households, the population density was 2,190.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,897 housing units at a density of 945.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 9% White,2. 0% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 2% Asian,0. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 6% of the population. 28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 24. 5% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 1% were from 25 to 44, 31% were from 45 to 64, and 13. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 7% male and 53. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 7,962 people,3,121 households, and 2,228 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,927.2 people per square mile, there were 3,267 housing units at an average density of 790.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 71% White,1. 31% African American,0. 99% Native American,0. 73% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 28% from other races, and 0. 88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 51% of the population, as of 2006, the population is estimated to be 10, 000+. 24. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.06. In the city the population was out with 26. 6% under the age of 18,6. 2% from 18 to 24,32. 4% from 25 to 44,24. 9% from 45 to 64
27.
Parma, Ohio
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Parma is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Located on the edge of Cleveland, it is both an inner-ring and the largest suburb of Cleveland. Parma, as of the 2010 census, is listed as the seventh largest city in the state of Ohio and the second largest city in Cuyahoga County after Cleveland. In 1806, the area that was to become Parma and Parma Heights was originally surveyed by Abraham Tappan, a surveyor for the Connecticut Land Company and this designation gave the town its first identity in the Western Reserve. Soon after, Township 6 - Range 13 was commonly referred to as Greenbriar, benajah Fay, his wife Ruth Wilcox Fay, and their ten children, arrivals from Lewis County, New York, were the first settlers in 1816. It was then that Greenbriar, under a newly organized government seat under Brooklyn Township, self-government started to gain in popularity by the time the new Greenbriar settlement contained twenty householders. However, prior to the establishment of the new township, the name Greenbriar was replaced by the name Parma, thus, on March 7,1826, a resolution was passed ordering the construction of the new township. It stated, On the petition of sundry inhabitants for a new township to be organized and erected comprising No.6 in the 13th Range. Ordered that said Township No.6 in the 13th Range be set off and erected into a new Township by the name of Parma, on the same day, a public notice was issued to qualified electors by the County Commissioners. They met at the house of Samuel Freeman on April 3,1826 to elect township officers according to the law and it was then that the first eleven officers were elected to lead the new government. During this time, Parma Township remained largely agricultural, the first schoolhouse was a log structure built on the hill at the northern corner of what is now Parma Heights Cemetery. A memorial plate on a stone marks the spot, in 1827, the township was divided into road districts. The Broadview Road of today was known as Town Line Road as well as Independence Road. Ridge Road was known then as Center Road as it cut through the center of town, York Road was then known as York Street as arrivals from the state of New York settled there. Pearl Road then had many names which included Medina Wooster Pike, Wooster Pike, the Cleveland Columbus Road, a stone house, built in 1849 and known as the Henninger House, was occupied by several generations of Henningers and is still standing today. The house rests on one of the points in Cuyahoga County. This was also the site where the Erie Indians, centuries before, stood to read. By 1850, the US census listed Parma Townships population at 1,329, however, the rising population of the township had slowed over the decades
28.
Parma Heights, Ohio
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Parma Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and a western suburb of Cleveland. Parma Heights is surrounded on the north, east and south by the city of Parma. The cities of Brook Park and Middleburg Heights form most of the western border, the current mayor of Parma Heights is former city council president, Mike Byrne, who was elected in November,2009 and sworn in on January 1,2010. Byrne replaced Martin K. Zanotti, who was appointed mayor in 2000, Zanotti, who was elected in 2001 and reelected in 2005, opted not to run again. Byrne is the 14th mayor of the City of Parma Heights, in 1806, the area that was to become Parma and Parma Heights was originally surveyed by Abraham Tappan, a surveyor for the Connecticut Land Company, and was known as Township 6 - Range 13. This designation gave the town its first identity in the Western Reserve, soon after, Township 6 - Range 13 was commonly referred to as Greenbriar, supposedly for the rambling bush that grew there. Benajah Fay, his wife Ruth Wilcox Fay, and their ten children, arrivals from Lewis County, the area of Greenbriar that was to later become Parma Heights was first settled in 1817. It was around that time that Greenbriar, under a newly organized government seat under Brooklyn Township, self-government started to gain in popularity by the time the new Greenbriar settlement contained twenty householders. However, prior to the establishment of the new township, the name Greenbriar was replaced by the name Parma, thus, on March 7,1826, a resolution was passed ordering the construction of the new township. It stated, On the petition of sundry inhabitants for a new township to be organized and erected comprising No.6 in the 13th Range. Ordered that said Township No.6 in the 13th Range be set off and erected into a new Township by the name of Parma, on the same day, a public notice was issued to qualified electors by the County Commissioners. They met at the house of Samuel Freeman on April 3,1826 to elect township officers according to the law and it was then that the first eleven officers were elected to lead the new government. During this time, Parma Township remained largely agricultural, the first schoolhouse was a log structure built on the hill at the northern corner of what is now Parma Heights Cemetery. A memorial plate on a stone marks the spot, in 1827, the township was divided into road districts. The Broadview Road of today was known as Town Line Road as well as Independence Road. Ridge Road was known then as Center Road as it cut through the center of town, York Road was then known as York Street as arrivals from the state of New York settled there. Pearl Road then had many names which included Medina Wooster Pike, Wooster Pike, the Cleveland Columbus Road, a stone house, known as the Henninger House, was built in 1849, occupied by several generations of Henningers, and is still standing today. More than 160 years ago, this house rested on one of the highest points in Cuyahoga County which provided visibility for the northeastern part of Parma Township
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Pepper Pike, Ohio
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Pepper Pike is an eastern suburb of the Greater Cleveland area in the US state of Ohio. The population was 5,979 at the 2010 census, in 1763, sixteen pioneers settled the area along the eastern border of present-day Cuyahoga County. In 1763, Orange Township was established, which included the present municipalities of Pepper Pike, Hunting Valley, Moreland Hills, Orange Village, Orange Township was the birthplace of President James A. Garfield in 1831. By the late 1880s, dairy farming and cheese production became the industry of the township. In 1924, residents of the quadrant of Orange Township voted to separate. The name Pepper Pike was selected after the Pepper family, who lived and worked along the transportation corridor. Incorporated as a city in 1970, Pepper Pike operates under the form of government. In the late 2000s, it was chosen as one of the top seven strangest city names by the World Book of Facts, Pepper Pike is located at 41°28′37″N 81°28′8″W in the eastern section of Cuyahoga County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.09 square miles. The median income for a household in the city was $149,631, the per capita income for the city was $68,984. About 3. 1% of the population were below the poverty line. Of the citys population over the age of 25,69. 7% held a degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,979 people,2,176 households, the population density was 846.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,349 housing units at a density of 332.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 86. 3% White,6. 5% African American,0. 2% Native American,5. 5% Asian,0. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 4% of the population. 16. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age in the city was 49.2 years. 23. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,14. 1% were from 25 to 44,32. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 23. 4% were 65 years of age or older
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Richmond Heights, Ohio
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Richmond Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 10,546 at the 2010 census, Richmond Heights is located at 41°33′29″N 81°30′13″W. Richmond Heights borders Euclid on the west, Lyndhurst and South Euclid on the south, Highland Heights on the east, and Willoughby Hills to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.45 square miles. 82. 7% spoke English,4. 8% Russian,3. 1% Spanish,1. 9% Slovene,1. 7% Italian,1. 2% Chinese, of the citys population over the age of 25,38. 5% held a bachelors degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,546 people,4,766 households, the population density was 2,375.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 5,370 housing units at a density of 1,209.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 48. 5% White,44. 9% African American,0. 1% Native American,4. 3% Asian,0. 5% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 8% of the population. 36. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 46.1 years. 18. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 22% were from 25 to 44, 31% were from 45 to 64, and 20. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44. 9% male and 55. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 10,944 people,4,864 households, and 2,971 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,504.4 people per square mile, there were 5,060 housing units at an average density of 1,157.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 68. 98% White,23. 87% Black,0. 05% Native American,4. 74% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 65% from other races, and 1. 67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 58% of the population,33. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the family size was 2.85. In the city the population was out with 19. 7% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,29. 6% from 25 to 44,25. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 89.4 males
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Solon, Ohio
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Solon is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and is a suburb of Cleveland. It is part of Northeast Ohios combined Cleveland-Akron-Canton metropolitan area, the 15th-largest Combined Statistical Area in the country, according to the United States Census Bureau, in 2012, the city population was estimated at 23,160. The city has recognized by Money in its list of Best Places to Live multiple times, placing 23rd in 2009, 3rd in 2011. The city has been rated as one of the safest in Ohio, has a highly rated school system. Solon has an economy and in 2013 and 2014 was granted a Google eCity award. In 1820, the first settlers arrived from Connecticut to live in part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, the township was named after Lorenzo Solon Bull, who was the son of Isaac Bull, one of the first settlers. Purportedly, the selection of young Lorenzos middle name was due to its derivation from the father of democracy, Solon, the early settlers faced challenges common to pioneers, but in Solon, drainage and wetlands issues complicated settlement and agriculture. Overcoming these obstacles, Solon Township became a farming area, producing corn and wheat crops. By 1850, the population of Solon Township reached 1,034, because of nearby Clevelands position as a national hub of the railroad industry, rail also contributed greatly to Solons growth. In 1857, the Cleveland-Youngstown section of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad established a line running through Solon, laid out in a traditional New England plan, Solon, like many of the neighboring townships, established a public square in its town center. In conjunction with townships to the north, a corridor was established through the town centers of Solon, Orange. Solon Township included the current municipalities of the City of Solon, in 1917, Solon was incorporated as a village and later became a city in 1961, operated under the mayor-council form of government. Solon was one of the first cities to use a comprehensive zoning plan and has been able to achieve a strong industrial base, further, the city has primarily concentrated its commercial and retail districts in the town center, making them convenient to all residents. In 1991, the extension of a highway, US422, was completed as an east-west corridor just north of its town center. US422 enables easy access to points throughout Northeast Ohio, providing a corridor extending from Cleveland through Solon. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.49 square miles. Like other Great Lakes region cities, Solon lies in a continental climate zone and has four distinct seasons, from hot summers to cold. The highest recorded temperature in the city was 101 °F in 1918, Solon experiences relatively high precipitation due to lake effect and its presence on the western end of the North American snowbelt
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South Euclid, Ohio
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South Euclid is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is an suburb of Cleveland located on the citys east side. As of the 2010 census the population was 22,295, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.65 square miles, all of it land. The land currently comprising South Euclid was part of the Western Reserve, in 1797, Moses Cleaveland named the area east of the Cuyahoga River Euclid, after the Greek mathematician and patron saint of surveyors. Euclid Township was officially formed in 1809, in 1828, Euclid Township was divided into nine districts, with South Euclid becoming district two. But, by the 1860s, quarrying of the areas rich Bluestone deposits replaced agriculture as the economic mainstay. By the end of the 19th century, the section of the town had become known as Bluestone village. At the same time, with the decline of the Bluestone industry brought on by improvements to poured concrete, South Euclids rapid economic and population growth continued in the early decades of the 20th Century, partly driven by industry in nearby Cleveland. Due in part to funding by the WPA, which helped keep people employed through the Great Depression, population growth, which tapered during the Depression era, skyrocketed during the postwar period, driven by both the baby boom and white flight from the urban center of Cleveland. South Euclids population peaked in the early 1970s, by 1980, lacking large tracts of available land for development, and with a population shift to exurban communities, the population of South Euclid began to shrink. Like Cleveland Heights to the west and University Heights to the south, South Euclid is racially integrated, a large portion of the citys population consists of African-Americans, Italian-Americans, Jews, and immigrants from Russia and other former Soviet republics. According to the 2010 Census,89. 9% of South Euclids residents spoke English,3. 2% Russian,1. 7% Spanish,1. 2% Italian, and 1. 0% Yiddish as their first language. The median income for a household in the city was $59,423, the per capita income for the city was $27,343. About 6. 7% of families and 9. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, of the citys population over the age of 25,37. 9% hold a bachelors degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 22,295 people,8,913 households, the population density was 4,794.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,607 housing units at a density of 2,066.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 54. 1% White,40. 7% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 0% Asian,0. 7% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 0% of the population. 29. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.04
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Strongsville, Ohio
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Strongsville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 44,750, the citys nickname Crossroads of the Nation, originated from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad intersecting with the Southwestern Electric Line that connected Cleveland and Wooster, Ohio. As the railroad ceased operation in 1931, the motto and city seal have been adapted to reflect the modern day intersection of Interstate 71. Strongsville officially became a township on February 25,1818, a village in 1923, founded by settlers arriving in the newly purchased Connecticut Western Reserve, the city was named after John Stoughton Strong, the groups leader. Many of the streets in the city are named after other principal figures and landowners from the citys history, e. g. Howe, Drake, Shurmer. In the mid-19th century, the Pomeroy House, then called The Homestead, was a stop on the underground railroad, alanson Pomeroy, the home owner and a prominent Strongsville resident, concealed runaway slaves on his property. From this residence in Strongsville, the slaves were taken to boats on Rocky River for passage to Canada. In 1853, John D. Rockefellers family moved to Strongsville, at the time, Rockfeller was only a child. On April 11,1965, an F4 tornado hit Strongsville, Strongsville is located at 41°18′46″N 81°49′55″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 24.64 square miles. The east branch of the Rocky River enters Strongsville from North Royalton, valley Parkway parallels the rivers northwesterly course. This portion of the Cleveland Metroparks, named Mill Stream Run, includes Bonnie Park, abutting the Rocky River, the recreation area offers visitors a pavilion, picnicking facilities, two small ponds, and several sport fields. Bonnie Park serves as a hub for hiking, bridle, the median income for a household in the city was $68,660, and the median income for a family was $76,964. Males had an income of $54,988 versus $33,129 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,722, about 1. 3% of families and 2. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 7% of those under age 18 and 3. 7% of those age 65 or over. Of the citys population over the age of 25,41. 6% held a degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 44,750 people,17,659 households, the population density was 1,816.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 18,476 housing units at a density of 750.1 per square mile
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Warrensville Heights, Ohio
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Warrensville Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,542 at the 2010 census, Warrensville Heights is located at 41°26′19″N 81°31′24″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.14 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,542 people,6,043 households, the population density was 3,278.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,743 housing units at a density of 1,632.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 3. 6% White,93. 5% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 4% of the population. 35. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 24. 5% of residents were under the age of 18,9. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 1% were from 25 to 44,26. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 42. 7% male and 57. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 15,109 people,6,325 households, and 4,048 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,661.4 people per square mile, there were 6,741 housing units at an average density of 1,633.5 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 75% of the population,32. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was out with 25. 6% under the age of 18,7. 9% from 18 to 24,26. 6% from 25 to 44,25. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 73.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.8 males, the median income for a household in the city was $33,204, and the median income for a family was $41,962. Males had an income of $35,947 versus $24,234 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,611, about 10. 4% of families and 11. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 2% of those under age 18 and 9. 8% of those age 65 or over
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Cleveland State University
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Cleveland State University is a public university located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1964, and opened for classes in 1965 after acquiring the buildings, property, and students of Fenn College, CSU absorbed the Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in 1969. Today it is part of the University System of Ohio, has more than 120,000 alumni,1870, Cleveland YMCA offered free classes 1881, YMCA program formalized 1906, Reorganized as the Association Institute 1921, Renamed the Cleveland Y. M. C. A. School of Technology, or Y-Tech for short,1923, Y-Tech offers courses towards a bachelors degree for the first time. This is now reckoned as Fenn Colleges founding date, it was claimed as 1881. 1929, Renamed Fenn College after Sereno Peck Fenn, Fenn College took over several buildings in the area including Fenn Tower, Stilwell Hall, and Foster Hall. 1964, The state of Ohio founded The Cleveland State University 1965, On August 1, CSU took over the buildings, property, industrialist James J. Nance served as Chair of the first Board of Trustees. President Michael Schwartz ended open admissions and implemented a vision to move from a U. S. News & World Report fourth tier university to a second tier university. The Cleveland State University Board consists of nine trustees, a Secretary to the Board, in January 2006 the Board of Trustees amended their bylaws so that they could restructure board committees as well as include Community members on the Board. Community members serve as non-voting advisers and are appointed by the Board Chairman for an approved by the Board. Board of Trustees Member Listing Ronald M. Berkman, President Bernardo Bernie F. Moreno, levin, Vice Chair Stephen F. Kirk, Treasurer Thomas W. Adler, Trustee Development Officer Todd C. Davidson, Trustee David H. Gunning II, Esq and it also has research cooperation agreements with the nearby NASA Glenn Research Center. In 1965, when The Cleveland State University was formed the colleges were the Fenn College of Engineering, the Monte Ahuja College of Business is also highly regarded and is ranked in the top ten nationwide in performance of its Certified Public Accountant graduate students. Additionally, CSU is the first university in Ohio to offer a degree in software engineering. The Cleveland–Marshall College of Law traces its origins to the founding of Cleveland Law School in 1897, one of the most famous alumni of the Cleveland–Marshall College of Law was Tim Russert, host of television program Meet the Press, who graduated in 1976. Cleveland State maintains a variety of links with the Cleveland community. It also has a campus in Westlake, Ohio which is located in the Greater Cleveland metropolitan area in Cuyahoga County. As of spring 2013, the student body totaled over 17,000
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Baldwin Wallace University
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Baldwin Wallace University is a 4-year private, coeducational, liberal arts college in Berea, Ohio, United States. The school was founded in 1845 as Baldwin Institute by Methodist settlers, eventually the school merged with nearby German Wallace College in 1913 to become Baldwin–Wallace College. As of July 1,2012 the school became Baldwin Wallace University, the institution offers a number of undergraduate and several graduate programs. Baldwin Wallace University is often referred to as simply BW, BW has two campus sites, Berea, which serves as the main campus, and BW at Corporate College East in Warrensville Heights. Today BW enrolls around 3,050 full-time undergraduate students,800 evening and weekend adult learners, BW recruits students throughout Ohio but also students from all over the United States and internationally. Baldwin Wallaces motto is Creating contributing, compassionate citizens of a global society. Baldwin Wallaces athletic teams compete as members of NCAA Division III athletics in the Ohio Athletic Conference, BW is known for its education, business, neuroscience, and music programs. BW is home to the Riemenschneider-Bach Institute and the Baldwin Wallace Conservatory of Music, the BW Conservatory holds the title for the oldest collegiate Bach Festival in the nation. Beyond this, the radio station WBWC is known throughout the Cleveland area. Both the university and the town of Berea were founded by Methodist settlers from Connecticut and these settlers moved west after their homes were burned by the British in the Revolutionary War. The region in Northern Ohio became known as the Western Reserve, among early settlers of this area was John Baldwin. Baldwin enjoyed early success in the quarry industry. He eventually founded Baldwin Institute in 1845, Baldwin Institute became Baldwin University in 1856. Baldwins sense of equality led to the school accepting any student regardless of race or gender, moreover, Baldwin Universitys courses were not segregated. The surge of German workers in Baldwin’s sandstone quarries led to the establishment of a German department at the Institute, the Reverend Jacob Rothweiler, a professor at Baldwin University, named his project after James Wallace, and German Wallace College was founded in 1855. Students at both institutions were free to enroll in courses at Baldwin or German Wallace, Baldwin and Wallace were the primary benefactors to the two Berea colleges. After their deaths, and the decline of the industry in Ohio. Options were thin, and the United Methodist Church considered merging the schools with the more successful Ohio Wesleyan University in 1874, the University of Cleveland concept was abandoned for a more elegant solution
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Passport
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A passport is a travel document, usually issued by a countrys government, that certifies the identity and nationality of its holder for the purpose of international travel. Standard passports may contain information such as the name, place and date of birth, photograph, signature. Passports are moving towards including biometric information in a microchip embedded in the document, making them machine-readable, as of 5 April 2017,96 countries emit biometric passports. A passport holder is entitled to enter the country that issued the passport. Some passports attest to status as a diplomat or other official, entitled to rights, many countries normally allow entry to holders of passports of other countries, sometimes requiring a visa also to be held, but this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions, such as not being likely to become a charge for financial or other reasons. Some countries and international organisations issue travel documents which are not standard passports, one of the earliest known references to paperwork that served in a role similar to that of a passport is found in the Hebrew Bible. In the medieval Islamic Caliphate, a form of passport was the baraa, only people who paid their zakah or jizya taxes were permitted to travel to different regions of the Caliphate, thus, the baraa receipt was a travelers basic passport. Etymological sources show that the passport is from a medieval document that was required in order to pass through the gate of a city wall or to pass through a territory. In medieval Europe, such documents were issued to travelers by local authorities, on the whole, documents were not required for travel to sea ports, which were considered open trading points, but documents were required to travel inland from sea ports. King Henry V of England is credited with having invented what some consider the first true passport, the earliest reference to these documents is found in a 1414 Act of Parliament. In 1540, granting travel documents in England became a role of the Privy Council of England, in 1794, issuing British passports became the job of the Office of the Secretary of State. The 1548 Imperial Diet of Augsburg required the public to hold imperial documents for travel, the speed of trains, as well as the number of passengers that crossed multiple borders, made enforcement of passport laws difficult. The general reaction was the relaxation of passport requirements, consequently, comparatively few people held passports. During World War I, European governments introduced border passport requirements for security reasons and these controls remained in place after the war, becoming a standard, though controversial, procedure. British tourists of the 1920s complained, especially about attached photographs and physical descriptions, in 1920, the League of Nations held a conference on passports, the Paris Conference on Passports & Customs Formalities and Through Tickets. Passport guidelines and a general booklet design resulted from the conference, while the United Nations held a travel conference in 1963, no passport guidelines resulted from it. Passport standardization came about in 1980, under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO standards include those for machine-readable passports
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Cleveland Public Library
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The Cleveland Public Library was founded in 1869 and is located in Cleveland, Ohio. Librarian William Howard Brett opened the librarys first stand-alone childrens room on February 22,1898, effie Louise Power was appointed Clevelands first childrens librarian. In 1915, the Cleveland architectural firm of Walker and Weeks won a competition to design a new library building, construction of their classical Renaissance design, delayed by the First World War, began in 1923 under Linda Anne Eastman. Eastman was the first woman to head a major U. S. city library system and she opened bookshelves to patrons, replacing the New York Public Library system in which a librarian fetched the books. The Main Library consists of two buildings, the older wing, completed on May 6,1925 and renovated between 1997 and 1999, has five stories, each as high as two stories in most buildings. The renovations included the restoration of a mural painted by Ora Coltman in 1934 for the Federal Arts Project. The work was done by the Intermuseum Conservation Association, the second building, named after former U. S. Congressman Louis Stokes, was dedicated in 1997, in 2002, the Cleveland Public Library had annual attendance of 804,692 and an annual circulation of 1,698,928 items. In 2014, the collection totaled 3,721,300 items. The Cleveland Public Library is a member of CLEVNET, a consortium of 43 public libraries throughout northern Ohio, in 1947, it became a depository library for the United Nations Library network, holding documents for the state of Ohio. There are only 400 UN depository libraries worldwide, in 2012, the Library released a strategic plan focusing on communities of learning and preparing for its 150th anniversary in 2019. Main Building 1st Floor, Popular Library magazines, newspapers, circulation is also available on this floor. 2nd Floor, Literature includes fiction, film, comics, and television 3rd Floor, Fine Arts includes art, architecture, and music. This floor also houses Special Collections which includes the John G. White Collection of Folklore, Orientalia, and Chess, the Cleveland Digital Public Library opened on this floor on February 14,2015. 4th Floor, Youth Services and Foreign Literature 5th Floor is book storage Basement Walkway to Louis Stokes Wing Louis Stokes Wing Lower Level, the librarys Auditorium is also on this level. This floor also houses the Sports Research Center, 6th Floor, History and Geography also includes an extensive genealogy collection. The Map Collection is also on this floor, United Nations documents are deposited here too. H
