Cymbalum
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The cymbalum was the name of two historical instruments, medieval European bells hung and struck with a hammer and Greek kymbalon cymbals. The two instruments may possibly be related, based on the sam
Aeman hammers a cymbala (set of bells) while Ethan bows a fiddle. Bout Psalter Book of Hours.
12th-13th century, England. Musicians play the cymbala (set of small chime-bells) and cymbala cup-shaped cymbals, Bodleian Library MS. Laud Misc. 752
11th century, southern France. Chime bells wrung by clappers. Harley MS 4951, folio 299v.
1050-1100, Germany. English: Asaph playing chime bells, Pommersfeld Bible, Gräflich Schönbornsche Bibliothek, 334, fol. II 148
Tympanum (hand drum)
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In ancient Greece and Rome, the tympanon or tympanum, was a type of frame drum or tambourine. It was circular, shallow, and beaten with the palm of the hand or a stick. Some representations show decor
Cymbalum
…in the east, they brought back musicians, and women could be seen dancing exotically in the streets and in taverns, accompanied by "crotala, cymbala, tympana, and foreign wind instruments." The Greeks used words ( οξύβαφοι, oxyvaphi) for vinegar lids or vinegar containers struck with a stick to connotate a…
The triumph of Dionysus, with a maenad playing a tympanum, on a Roman mosaic from Tunisia (3rd century)
Cybele holding a tympanum in her left hand
Tympanum player from a mosaic depicting a musical group
Terracotta figurine from Shikmona, 2nd half of 8th century BCE