1.
Dallas
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Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
Dallas
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Top to bottom, left to right:
Downtown Dallas skyline,
Old Red Museum,
NorthPark Center,
Dallas City Hall,
Dallas Museum of Art,
Winspear Opera House,
Perot Museum of Nature and Science,
State Fair of Texas at
Fair Park,
Dallas Union Station, the
Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, and the
American Airlines Center
Dallas
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Elm Street at night, January 1942
Dallas
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President and Mrs.
Kennedy arrive at Dallas, November 22, 1963
Dallas
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Santa Fe Terminal Complex on Commerce St, built in 1924.
2.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
Texas
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Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
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Flag
Texas
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Texas Hill Country
Texas
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Big Bend National Park.
3.
Birdman (film)
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Birdman or, commonly known simply as Birdman, is a 2014 American black comedy film directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu. It was written by Iñárritu, Nicolás Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris Jr. the film stars Michael Keaton with a supporting cast of Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, Andrea Riseborough, Amy Ryan, Emma Stone, and Naomi Watts. The story follows Riggan Thomson, a faded Hollywood actor best known for playing the superhero Birdman, as he struggles to mount a Broadway adaptation of a short story by Raymond Carver. The film covers the period of previews leading to the opening, and with a brief exception appears as if filmed in a single shot. The film was shot in New York City during the spring of 2013 with a budget of $16.5 million jointly financed by Fox Searchlight Pictures, New Regency Pictures and it premiered the following year in August where it opened the 71st Venice International Film Festival. Birdman had a theatrical release in the United States on October 17,2014, followed by a wide release on November 14. It also won Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for Keaton and Best Screenplay at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards. Riggan Thomson is a faded American actor who is famous for playing the superhero Birdman in a film trilogy 20 years ago and he is tormented by the mocking and critical internal voice of Birdman and is frequently shown performing feats of levitation and telekinesis. Riggan is trying to gain recognition as an actor for writing, directing. Jake, Riggans best friend and lawyer, is producing the play which co-stars Riggans girlfriend Laura, Riggans daughter Sam, a recovering drug addict whom he is trying to reconnect with, is working as his assistant. The day before the first preview, a light falls onto Riggans hopeless co-star Ralph. At Lesleys suggestion, Riggan replaces Ralph with her boyfriend, the brilliant, Riggan clashes continually with Mike and is incensed at influential theater critic Tabitha Dicksons praise for Mikes performance, but Jake persuades him to continue with the play. Riggan catches Sam using marijuana and berates her, she tells him he is expendable, during the final preview, Riggan goes for a cigarette and accidentally locks himself outside with his robe stuck in the fire escape door. He is forced to walk through Times Square in his underwear, a concerned Sam is waiting in his dressing room after the show. She thinks the performance was very weird but sort of cool and they talk about the show, him being a bad father and her rehab experience. She shows him that the Times Square footage is going viral, Riggan goes to a bar for a drink and approaches Tabitha, accusing her of not understanding theater and just being someone who crudely labels things. She tells him that she hates ignorant Hollywood celebrities who pretend to be serious actors, on the way back, Riggan buys a pint of whiskey, drinks it and passes out on a stoop. Riggan jumps off the roof and flies through the streets of Manhattan before arriving at the theater, on the opening night the play is going very well
Birdman (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Birdman (film)
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Michael Keaton was Iñárritu's first choice to play Riggan Thomson.
Birdman (film)
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Michael Keaton (Riggan) rehearsing an action-sequence of the film.
Birdman (film)
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St. James Theatre and
Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York were used to film the stage and backstage scenes of Birdman respectively.
4.
Michael Keaton
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Michael John Douglas, known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, producer, and director. In 2017, Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillian the Vulture in Spider-Man and he previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company. Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals, on January 18,2016, he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France. He is also a scholar at Carnegie Mellon University. Keaton, the youngest of seven children, was born in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania and his father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth, a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks. Keaton was raised in a Roman Catholic family and he is partly of Irish descent. He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania, Keaton studied speech for two years at Kent State University, where he appeared in plays, before dropping out and returning to Pittsburgh. Keaton first appeared on TV in Pittsburgh public television programs, including Where the Heart Is and Mister Rogers Neighborhood and he also served as a full-time production assistant on the show. In 2004, following Fred Rogers death, Keaton hosted a PBS memorial tribute program, Fred Rogers, Keaton also worked as an actor in Pittsburgh theatre, he played the role of Rick in the Pittsburgh premiere of David Rabes Sticks and Bones with the Pittsburgh Poor Players. Keaton left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for various TV parts and he popped up in various popular TV shows including Maude and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour. He decided to use a name to satisfy SAG rules, as there were already an actor. The claim that Keaton selected his new surname due to an attraction to actress Diane Keaton is incorrect and he chose Keaton because of an affinity for the physical comedy of Buster Keaton. Keatons film debut came in a small non-speaking role in Joan Rivers film Rabbit Test and his role as the fast-talking schemer Bill Blaze Blazejowski earned Keaton some critical acclaim, and he scored leads in the subsequent comedy hits Mr. Mom, Johnny Dangerously and Gung Ho. He played the character in Tim Burtons 1988 horror-comedy Beetlejuice, earned Keaton widespread acclaim. He originally turned down the role, then reconsidered like most of the cast and he now considers Beetlejuice his favorite of his own films. That same year, he gave an acclaimed dramatic performance as a drug-addicted businessman in Clean. Keatons career was another major boost when he was again cast by Tim Burton. Warner Bros. received thousands of letters of complaint by fans who believed Keaton was the choice to portray Batman
Michael Keaton
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Keaton at the 2013
San Diego Comic Con
Michael Keaton
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Keaton as
Batman
Michael Keaton
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Keaton at the 2004
Dallas Comic Con
5.
Boyhood (film)
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Boyhood is a 2014 American coming-of-age drama film, written and directed by Richard Linklater, and starring Patricia Arquette, Ellar Coltrane, Lorelei Linklater, and Ethan Hawke. Filmed from 2002 to 2013, Boyhood depicts the childhood and adolescence of Mason Evans, Richard Linklaters daughter Lorelei plays Masons sister, Samantha. Production began in 2002 and finished in 2013, with Linklaters goal to make a film about growing up, the project began without a completed script, with only basic plot points and the ending written initially. Linklater developed the script throughout production, writing the next portion of the film after rewatching the previous years footage. Boyhood premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically on July 11,2014, the film also competed in the main competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival, where Linklater won the Silver Bear for Best Director. The film was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, winning Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director and it also was nominated for five BAFTA awards, winning for Best Director and Best Film. Additionally, it was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor for Hawke and Best Supporting Actress for Arquette, in 2002, six-year-old Mason Evans, Jr. and his older sister Samantha live with their single mother Olivia in Texas. Mason overhears Olivia arguing with her boyfriend, saying she has no time due to parenting. In 2003, Olivia moves the family to Houston, so she can attend the University of Houston, complete her degree, in 2004, Masons father, Mason Sr. visits Houston and takes the children bowling. He promises to spend time with them. When he drops the kids off at home, he argues with Olivia while Mason, Olivia takes Mason to one of her classes, introducing him to her professor, Bill Welbrock, Mason sees them flirt. By 2005, Olivia and Bill have married and blended their two families, including Bills children from a previous marriage and they share experiences such as playing video games and attending a midnight release of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Mason and Samantha are enrolled in the school as their step-siblings, where Mason meets and befriends a girl named Nicole. In 2006, Mason and Samantha bond with their father Mason Sr. as he takes them out for a day in Houston, culminating in a Houston Astros game and a sleepover at his house with his roommate Jimmy. Olivia continues her education and is supportive of Bills strict parenting style, which includes many chores for the kids. In 2007, Bill becomes abusive as alcoholism takes over his life, after Bill assaults Olivia and endangers the kids, Olivia moves the family to a friends house and files for divorce. In 2008, Mason Sr. learns that Samantha has a boyfriend and talks to her and he and Mason go camping at Pedernales Falls State Park and bond over the music of Wilco, Star Wars, and Masons blossoming interest in girls. Mason and Samantha have grown into their new lives in San Marcos, in 2009, Mason is bullied by other students at school and teased on a camping trip but starts receiving attention from girls
Boyhood (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Boyhood (film)
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Ellar Coltrane portrayed the film's protagonist, Mason Jr.
Boyhood (film)
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Patricia Arquette won a
Oscar, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award, Golden Globe, and Critic's Choice Award for her performance in the film
Boyhood (film)
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Ethan Hawke received his fourth
Academy Award nomination for his performance
6.
Patricia Arquette
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Patricia Arquette is an American actress. She made her debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3. Arquettes Academy Award acceptance speech, which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention, on television, she played the character Allison DuBois—based on the author and medium Allison DuBois, who claims to have psychic abilities—in the supernatural drama series Medium. She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations, winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005, Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan, the Deputy Director of the FBI, starring in CSI, Cyber. Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1968, the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia Mardi, through her father, Patricia is distantly related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Arquettes father had converted from Catholicism to Islam and her fathers familys surname was originally Arcouet, and his paternal line was of French-Canadian descent. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette, patricias siblings also became actors, Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette. When she was a child, her parents offered to get her braces for her teeth, for a time her family lived on a commune in rural Bentonville, Virginia. She has said they became poorer the longer lived there. Their father was an alcoholic, and their mother violently abusive, when Arquette was seven, the family relocated to Chicago. They later settled in Los Angeles, California and she has described her father as a working actor, describing the range of his experience–in industrial films, commercials, voiceovers, etc. He was best known for his role as J. D. Pickett in the TV series The Waltons, before pursuing a career in acting, Arquette had wanted to be a midwife. She put this career prospect aside briefly in an attempt to gain acting jobs and she was cast to appear in the sequel, A Nightmare on Elm Street 4, The Dream Master, but she had to drop out due to pregnancy with her son Enzo. She also had to give up the role of Tralala in Last Exit to Brooklyn, in 1988, Arquette played the daughter of Tess Harper in Far North. In 1992, she won a CableACE Award for Best Lead Actress in a Mini-Series for her portrayal of a girl with epilepsy in Wildflower, directed by Diane Keaton. In her early career, Arquette received the most recognition for her role as Alabama Whitman, the film was a moderate success, although some critics were deterred by the graphic violence. In one scene, Arquette puts up a physical struggle in a fight which her character ultimately wins. Arquettes performance received unanimous praise from critics
Patricia Arquette
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Arquette at the Monte Carlo Television Awards, 2015
Patricia Arquette
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Arquette at the
heart disease awareness fashion show "Heart Truth", 2009
Patricia Arquette
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Arquette (far left) in March 2011
7.
The Dallas Morning News
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The Dallas Morning News is a daily newspaper serving the Dallas–Fort Worth area of Texas, with an average of 271,900 daily subscribers. It was founded on October 1,1885, by Alfred Horatio Belo as a publication of the Galveston Daily News, of Galveston. Today it has one of the 20 largest paid circulations in the United States, the company has its headquarters in Downtown Dallas. The Dallas Morning News was founded in 1885 as a spin-off of the Galveston Daily News by Alfred Horatio Belo, in 1926, the Belo family sold a majority interest in the paper to its longtime publisher, George Dealey. In July 1986, the Times Herald was purchased by William Dean Singleton, after 18 months of efforts to turn the paper around, Singleton sold it to an associate. On 8 December 1991, Belo bought the Times Herald for $55 million, when Belos efforts to purchase the Herald failed, he sent George Bannerman Dealey to launch a new paper, the Morning News, which began publication on October 1,1885. From the outset the Morning News enjoyed the advantage of strong financial support and an accumulation of journalistic experience, and within a month. Historically, the Morning News has tilted conservative, mirroring Texas′ drift to the Republican Party, however, on September 7,2016 it endorsed Hillary Clinton for president, the first time it had endorsed a Democrat for president since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940. This came a day after it ran an editorial declaring Republican candidate Donald Trump not qualified to serve as president. It was the first time that the paper had refused to endorse a Republican since 1964, fresh Ink, Behind the Scenes of a Major Metropolitan Newspaper. Denton, Texas, University of North Texas Press, state of The American Newspaper, Giant. College Park, University of Maryland Foundation, official website Dallas Morning News from the Handbook of Texas Online Dallas Morning News Building Photos
The Dallas Morning News
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The Dallas Morning News distribution center in
Plano, TX.
8.
Reese Witherspoon
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Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon is an American actress, producer, and entrepreneur. Her leading role of Tracy Flick in Election was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, Witherspoons breakthrough role was playing Elle Woods in the 2001 film Legally Blonde, for which she received her second Golden Globe nomination. The following year, she starred in the romantic comedy Sweet Home Alabama, which emerged as her biggest live-action commercial success. In 2005, she portrayed June Carter in Walk the Line, which earned her the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Critics Choice Award for Best Actress. Other notable films of hers include Legally Blonde 2, Red, White & Blonde, Monsters vs. Aliens, Water for Elephants, in 2017, she produced and starred in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies. Witherspoon owns a company, Pacific Standard, and she is actively involved in childrens and womens advocacy organizations. She serves on the board of the Childrens Defense Fund and was named Global Ambassador of Avon Products in 2007 and she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010. Witherspoon was born on March 22,1976 in Southern Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, while her father and her father was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army Reserve. He was in practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. In 1988, her mother began nursing babies back to health in the intensive care unit of Vanderbilt University Hospital until she retired. Her parents are legally married, although they separated in 1996, due to her fathers alcoholism, infidelity, overspending. Because Witherspoons father worked for the U. S. military in Wiesbaden, Germany, after returning to the U. S. she spent her childhood in Nashville, Tennessee in the suburb of Belle Meade. She was raised as an Episcopalian and her older brother, John Jr. is a real estate agent. She received high grades in school, loved reading, and considered herself a big dork who read loads of books, on mentioning her love for books, she said, I get crazy in a bookstore. It makes my heart beat hard because I want to buy everything, Witherspoon attended middle school at Harding Academy and graduated from the all-girls Harpeth Hall School in Nashville, during which time she was a cheerleader. She attended Stanford University as an English literature major, after completing one year of studies, she left Stanford to pursue an acting career. Witherspoon is proud of the definitive Southern upbringing which she received, Witherspoon is described as a multi-achiever and was given the nickname Little Type A by her parents. On discussing her early achievements, she told Interview magazine, I just dont see any of it as that remarkable, maybe thats the attitude I choose to have to keep me sane and keep my feet on the ground
Reese Witherspoon
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Witherspoon at the
2014 Toronto International Film Festival
Reese Witherspoon
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Witherspoon at the
Toronto International Film Festival premiere of Walk the Line in 2005
Reese Witherspoon
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Witherspoon at the Water for Elephants premiere in May 2011
Reese Witherspoon
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Witherspoon at the
2012 Cannes Film Festival premiere of Mud
9.
Cheryl Strayed
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Cheryl Strayed is an American memoirist, novelist, and essayist. The author of four books, her writing has been published widely in national magazines and anthologies. Strayeds first book, the novel Torch, was published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in February 2006 to positive critical reviews. Torch was a finalist for the Great Lakes Book Award and selected by The Oregonian as one of the top ten books of 2006 by writers living in the Pacific Northwest, in October 2012, Torch was re-issued by Vintage Books with a new introduction by Strayed. Strayeds second book, the memoir Wild, From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail was published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf on March 20,2012, and has been translated into 30 languages. The week of its publication, Wild debuted at number 7 on the New York Times Best Seller list in hardcover non-fiction, in June 2012, Oprah Winfrey announced that Wild was her first selection for her new Oprahs Book Club 2.0. The next month Wild reached number 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list, the paperback edition of Wild was published by Vintage Books in March 2013, where it has spent 126 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list. The book has also been a bestseller around the world—in the UK, Germany, Australia, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Wild won the Barnes & Noble Discover Award and the Oregon Book Award. In July 2012, Vintage Books published Strayeds third book, Tiny Beautiful Things, Advice on Love, the book debuted in the advice and self-help category on the New York Times Best Seller list at number 5 and it has also been published internationally. Tiny Beautiful Things is a selection of Strayeds popular Dear Sugar advice column, Strayeds fourth book, Brave Enough was published in the United States by Knopf on October 27,2015 and in the United Kingdom a week later by Atlantic Books. It debuted in the advice and self-help category on the New York Times Best Seller list at number 10, Strayed was born in Spangler, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Barbara Anne Bobbi and Ronald Nyland. At age six, she moved with her family to Chaska, the house did not have electricity or running water for the first few years. Indoor plumbing was installed after Strayed moved away for college and she later re-connected with her half-sister from a previous relationship of her father. In 1986, at the age of 17, Strayed graduated from McGregor High School in McGregor, Minnesota, where she was a track and cross country runner, cheerleader and she loosely based the fictional Coltrap County in her novel Torch on McGregor and Aitkin County. Strayed attended her freshman year of college at the University of St. Thomas in St, in March 1991, when Strayed was a senior in college, her mother, Bobbi Lambrecht, died suddenly of lung cancer at the age of 45. Strayed has described this loss as her genesis story and she has written about her mothers death and her grief in each of her books and several of her essays. In 2002, she earned a Master of Fine Arts in fiction writing from Syracuse University, where she was mentored by writers George Saunders, Arthur Flowers, Mary Gaitskill and her work has been selected three times for inclusion in The Best American Essays. Strayed was the guest editor of The Best American Essays 2013 and she won a Pushcart Prize for her essay, Munro Country, which was originally published in The Missouri Review
Cheryl Strayed
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Cheryl Strayed
Cheryl Strayed
10.
Wild (2014 film)
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Wild is a 2014 American biographical survival drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée. The screenplay by Nick Hornby is based on Cheryl Strayeds 2012 memoir Wild, the film stars Reese Witherspoon as Strayed, alongside Laura Dern, with Thomas Sadoski, Michiel Huisman and Gaby Hoffmann among several others in supporting roles. The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29,2014, Wild opened to positive critical reviews, with much praise going toward the performances of Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern. Both actresses received Academy Award nominations for their performances, in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, during the hike, Strayed reflects in flashbacks on her childhood in Minnesota and memories of her mother, Bobbi Grey. Bobbis death from cancer sent Cheryl into a depression that she tried to numb with heroin and anonymous sex. After finding out she was pregnant, Strayed got an abortion, Strayed begins her trek in the Mojave Desert in Southern California. On the first night, she discovers she has brought the wrong type of gas for her stove and is unable to cook food. After a few days, Strayed meets Frank, a farmer and construction worker who takes her in for the night and with his wife offers her a home-cooked meal. Strayed meets a hiker named Greg who agrees to meet her at Kennedy Meadows, Strayed continues her hike into Northern California despite Gregs warnings of deep snowfall. After removing a boot to remove a loose toenail, the boot accidentally falls down an inaccessibly deep slope, Strayeds best friend Aimee sends her provisions to stops along the trail, including letters that congratulate her on her progress. Strayed also receives letters from her ex-husband Paul along the way, on the morning of Day 58, Strayed is out of water and desperately licks the dew off her tent. Dehydrated and near exhaustion, she siphons water from a muddy puddle, while she waits for her water to disinfect, two hunters approach, one making suggestive remarks that leave Strayed feeling threatened and vulnerable. This causes her to leave and run away. Strayed makes her way out of California and arrives in Ashland, Oregon, days later, Strayed arrives at Mount Hood National Forest and encounters a friendly group of young hikers who share their experiences. The hikers recognize her from the signatures shes been leaving in the record books along the PCT. Strayed frequently leaves quotes or poems that are meaningful to her along her journey, one rainy day, Strayed finds a llama that escaped from a young boy hiking with his grandmother. Strayed chats with the boy, who asks her about her parents, after she mentions her mothers death, the boy sings Red River Valley to Strayed, saying it is a song his mother used to sing to him. As the boy leaves, Strayed breaks down and cries, on September 15, after hiking for 94 days, Strayed reaches the Bridge of the Gods on the Columbia River between Oregon and Washington, ending her journey
Wild (2014 film)
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Theatrical release poster
11.
Force Majeure (film)
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Force Majeure is a 2014 Swedish drama film directed by Ruben Östlund. It follows the marital tension resulting from an avalanche during which the husband, the title used for the film in some English-speaking countries comes from force majeure, a contractual clause freeing both parties from liability in the event of unexpected disasters. Force Majeure was acclaimed upon release, with praising its script. It won the Best Film award at the 50th Guldbagge Awards, the film presents a week in the life of a Swedish family staying at a luxury resort in the French Alps, a businessman named Tomas, his wife Ebba, their young daughter Vera and preschooler Harry. The family is happy as they ski, ride the ski lift, brush their teeth, sleep, on their second day of skiing, a controlled avalanche goes awry and threatens them as they are having lunch outdoors on the deck of a restaurant. Tomas, who is filming the avalanche on his phone, panics and runs as the deck quickly empties of patrons, silence ensues, and the voice of a waiter says, Its over. Patrons return to their tables as the fog dissipates, Tomas returns to the table and acts as if nothing happened. No one is hurt, but Ebba and the children are subdued as they eat, after lunch, the cleaning man enters their lodge suite to clean just before they arrive. They insist the kids go inside first so they can talk in the corridor, the kids are upset there is a stranger inside, but the parents are angry with them and dont listen. They enter their lodge suite as the man exits. The children angrily tell them to leave, as play a video game. That evening they eat dinner with one of Ebbas friends, who has picked up an American man for the evening. Ebba tells the story of the avalanche in English for the benefit of the American, but Tomas insists he did not run away from the table and they argue in front of their embarrassed guests. They pick up their kids after the meal and argue again outside the room door, Ebba is angry that he wouldnt admit he ran away from the avalanche abandoning them. He says he remembers it differently, Ebba decides she would like a day of skiing by herself. She has coffee with her friend they had dinner with the night before, Ebba confronts her friend on her promiscuity, asking her if she loves her husband and children. Her friend says she is fine with having a relationship with her husband. Ebba becomes more insistent, and the friend advises they not argue, little Harry is upset as he and his sister and father enter the ski lift
Force Majeure (film)
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Theatrical release poster
12.
Citizenfour
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Citizenfour is a 2014 documentary film directed by Laura Poitras, concerning Edward Snowden and the NSA spying scandal. The film had its US premiere on October 10,2014, at the New York Film Festival and its UK premiere on October 17,2014, at the BFI London Film Festival. The film features Snowden and Glenn Greenwald, and was co-produced by Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, Citizenfour received critical acclaim upon release, and was the recipient of numerous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 2015 Oscars. In it, he offers her inside information about illegal wiretapping practices of the US National Security Agency, scenes of their meeting take place in Snowdens hotel room, where he maintains his privacy. Shots of Snowden in his bed, in front of his mirror, after four days of interviews, on June 9, Snowdens identity is made public at his request. As media outlets begin to discover his location at The Mira Hong Kong, facing potential extradition and prosecution in the United States, Snowden schedules a meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and applies for refugee status. After Poitras believes she is being followed, she leaves Hong Kong for Berlin, on June 21, the US government requests the Hong Kong government extradite Snowden. Snowden manages to depart from Hong Kong, but his US passport is cancelled before he can connect to Havana, on August 1,2013, the Russian government grants Snowden temporary asylum for a period of one year. Meanwhile, Greenwald returns to his home in Rio de Janeiro, Greenwald and Poitras maintain a correspondence wherein they both express reluctance to return to the United States. The film closes with Greenwald, Snowden and Poitras meeting once again, Greenwald and Snowden discuss new emerging details on US intelligence programs, careful to only write down and not speak critical pieces of information. Greenwald tears these documents creating a pile of scraps, before removing them from the table. She was first contacted by Snowden in January 2013 after he was unable to establish encrypted communications with Greenwald and she flew to Hong Kong in late May 2013, where over the course of eight days she filmed Snowden in his hotel room at the Mira Hotel in Hong Kong. Later, she traveled to Moscow where she filmed an interview with Snowden conducted by Greenwald. Production company Praxis Films was involved in the production of the documentary, the film was distributed by RADIUS TWC in the US, BRITDOC Foundation and Artificial Eye in the UK and Piffl Media in Germany. The broadcast rights for television were obtained by Channel 4, HBO Documentary Films, the international film premiere took place on October 10,2014, in the United States at the New York Film Festival. In Europe, the documentary was shown for the first time on October 17 at the BFI London Film Festival, the first showing in Germany was on October 27 as part of the Leipzig Film Festival. The director Laura Poitras was present in Hamburg Abaton cinema for a preview on November 4–5 at the official Germany Premiere at Kino International, in German cinemas, the film has been running since November 6. Its widest release as of January 22,2015, was 105 theaters and it premiered on Home Box Office on February 23,2015, the day after the 87th Academy Awards and was subsequently released for streaming on HBO Go
Citizenfour
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Theatrical release poster
13.
The Lego Movie
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Chris Pratt, Will Ferrell, Elizabeth Banks, Will Arnett, Nick Offerman, Alison Brie, Charlie Day, Liam Neeson and Morgan Freeman provide their voices for the films main characters. The film was released theatrically on February 7,2014 through Warner Bros, Pictures and Village Roadshow Pictures to near-unanimous acclaim, critics praised its visual style, humor, voice cast and heartwarming message. It earned more than $257 million in the U. S, a sequel to the film is scheduled for release on February 8,2019, as well as a third spin-off, The Billion Brick Race. In a Lego world populated by anthropomorphic minifigures, the evil Lord Business finds a weapon called the Kragle. The wizard Vitruvius attempts to him, but is blinded by Business robots, he prophesies that a person called the Special will find the Piece of Resistance. 8½ years later, construction worker Emmet Brickowski finds a woman named Wyldstyle searching for something at his construction site after hours, when he investigates, Emmet falls into a hole and finds the Piece of Resistance. Compelled to touch it, Emmet experiences vivid visions and passes out and he awakens with the Piece of Resistance attached to his back, in the custody of Bad Cop, Lord Businesss lieutenant. Wyldstyle rescues Emmett, believing him to be the Special, Emmet learns that Wyldstyle and Vitruvius are Master Builders—people capable of building anything from their imagination without the need of instructions—who oppose Business. Wyldstyle explains Business wants to use the Kragle, a tube of Krazy Glue with a weathered label, to freeze the world into perfection. Though disappointed to find Emmet is not a Master Builder, Wyldstyle, Emmet, Wyldstyle, and Vitruvius evade Bad Cops forces with the aid of Batman, Wyldstyles boyfriend. They go to the hidden Cloud Cuckooland where they attend a council of Master Builders, Bad Cops forces attack, having placed a tracking device on Emmett, and capture everyone except Emmet and a small team of Master Builders. Trying to retaliate, Vitruvius is decapitated by Business, who sets a self-destruct protocol, as he dies, Vitruvius reveals he made up the prophecy. He soon reappears to Emmet as a ghost and tells him that his belief makes him the Special, strapped to the self-destruct mechanisms battery, Emmet jumps into the abyss outside the tower and severs the connection, saving his friends. Inspired by Emmets sacrifice, Wyldstyle rallies the Lego people across the universe to use whatever creativity they have to build machines, Emmet finds himself in the human world as a Lego minifigure unable to move. The events of the story are being played out by a boy named Finn on his fathers expansive Lego set in their basement. Realizing the danger his friends are in, Emmet wills himself to move, Finn returns Emmet and the Piece of Resistance to the set, where Emmet now possesses the powers of a Master Builder and confronts Business. Meanwhile, Finns father looks at his sons creations and realizes that Finn had based the villainous Business on him, through a speech Emmet gives Business, Finn tells his father that he is special and has the power to change everything. Finn reconciles with his father, which plays out as Business having a change of heart, capping the Kragle, Emmet is hailed as a hero, and begins a relationship with Wyldstyle with Batmans blessing
The Lego Movie
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Theatrical release poster
The Lego Movie
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The film's live-action set as publicly exhibited at
Legoland California Resort during 2014.
14.
J. K. Simmons
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Jonathan Kimble J. K. Simmons is an American actor and voice actor. In television, he is known for playing Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series Law & Order, neo-Nazi Vernon Schillinger on the HBO prison-drama Oz and his film roles include J. Jonah Jameson in Sam Raimis Spider-Man trilogy and music instructor Terence Fletcher in 2014s Whiplash. He is also known for voicing Cave Johnson in the video game Portal 2, Tenzin in The Legend of Korra, Stanford Pines in Gravity Falls, Kai in Kung Fu Panda 3, and Mayor Lionheart in Zootopia. Simmons also reprised his role as J. Jonah Jameson in various Marvel animated series and he has also appeared in a series of television commercials for Farmers Insurance. Jonathan Kimble Simmons was born on January 9,1955 in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the son of Patricia, an administrator, and Donald William Simmons, in 1965, when he was 10 years old, his family moved to Worthington, Ohio. In 1973, when he was 18, they moved to Missoula, Montana, the younger Simmons graduated from the University of Montana in 1978 with a music degree. During his tenure, he was part of the music-oriented fraternity Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Later, Simmons moved to Seattle and became a member of the Seattle Repertory Theatre, on Broadway, Simmons played Benny Southstreet in the 1992 revival of Guys and Dolls. In 1994 he sang roles in the Wagner opera satire. He also played the role of Jigger in a revival of Carousel with the Houston Grand Opera and he also stars as Ralph Earnhardt, the father of race-car driver Dale Earnhardt, in 3, The Dale Earnhardt Story. He plays Will Pope, Assistant Chief of the LAPD, in the series The Closer. In an interesting precursor to his joining the Law & Order cast as Skoda, Simmons appeared in Homicide, Life on the Street, portraying a criminal in a Law & Order cross-over episode. Other roles include that of a general in the television sitcom Arrested Development. He played B. R. in the film Thank You for Smoking and has been praised for his performance in Juno as Mac McGuff, in all three of Sam Raimis Spider-Man films, Simmons played J. Jonah Jameson, editor-in-chief of the newspaper Daily Bugle. In 2008, he played a CIA superior in Burn After Reading and he also appeared in I Love You, Man. Simmons starred in films produced or directed by his friend Jason Reitman, including Thank You for Smoking, Juno, Up in the Air. In 2013, he had a role as Mr. Jervis in Reitmans film Labor Day. He voices Tenzin, an Airbending master and the son of Aang and Katara and he starred as blind lawyer Mel Fisher in Growing Up Fisher
J. K. Simmons
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Simmons at the 15th Annual
Screen Actors Guild Awards in 2009
J. K. Simmons
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Simmons at the 2007
Toronto International Film Festival
15.
The Imitation Game
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The Imitation Game is a 2014 American historical drama thriller film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore loosely based on the biography Alan Turing, The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch as real-life British cryptanalyst Alan Turing, who decrypted German intelligence codes for the British government during World War II, keira Knightley, Matthew Goode, Rory Kinnear, Charles Dance and Mark Strong also star. The films screenplay topped the annual Black List for best unproduced Hollywood scripts in 2011, the Weinstein Company acquired the film for $7 million in February 2014, the highest amount ever paid for U. S. distribution rights at the European Film Market. It was released theatrically in the United States on November 28,2014, the Imitation Game was a commercial and critical success. It grossed over $233 million worldwide against a $14 million production budget and it received eight nominations at the 87th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Adapted Screenplay, winning the latter. It also garnered five nominations in the 72nd Golden Globe Awards and it also received nine BAFTA nominations, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film, and won the Peoples Choice Award at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival. The film was criticised by some for its portrayal of historical events and Turings character. However, the LGBT civil rights advocacy and political lobbying organisation the Human Rights Campaign honoured The Imitation Game for bringing Turings legacy to a wider audience. The police send a man to follow Turing into a pub, where he hands an envelope to a male prostitute, who is arrested shortly afterward and confesses that Turing is a client. Turing works in isolation from the others, to the disappointment of his colleagues, when Denniston refuses to fund the machines construction, Turing writes to Winston Churchill, who arranges the funding and names Turing as the team leader. Turing immediately fires Furman and Richards, who are rather than mathematicians. There is a flashback to 1928 when Turing was in the boys-only Sherborne School, the latter introduces him to recreational cryptography and arouses Turings romantic feelings, but dies after the spring break from bovine tuberculosis, leaving Turing scarred. Turings team, which more people, places a crossword puzzle in the newspaper and conducts a mathematical examination for candidates, eventually selecting Joan Clarke. The machine is finished, and Turing names it Christopher. Denniston orders the machine to be destroyed and Turing fired, Denniston relents and says he will give the team one month to decode an encrypted German message with the machine. During this time, Clarkes parents pressure her to leave Bletchley because she is unmarried and alone, at the engagement party, Cairncross advises Turing he is aware of his homosexuality, but warns him to keep it from Joan due to the risk of being caught. During an evening at a pub, Hugh begins to flirt with a colleague of Joans named Helen. As they flirt, Helen jokes how she has a crush on a German but cannot pursue him, Turing asks how she knows, and Helen clarifies that because the messages start with the same word, she suspects that must be someones name
The Imitation Game
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UK theatrical release poster
The Imitation Game
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Bletchley Park, "the home of the codebreakers" where parts of the film were shot
The Imitation Game
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Desplat composed the film's score in under three weeks
The Imitation Game
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Yahoo! president and CEO
Marissa Mayer (left) and 22nd
United States Secretary of Defense Robert Gates (right) both publicly expressed support and appreciation for Turing and the film
16.
The Theory of Everything (2014 film)
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The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles. The film had its premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014. The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson. It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne. It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film, Best Leading Actor, in 1963, Cambridge University astrophysics student Stephen Hawking begins a relationship with literature student Jane Wilde. Although Stephen excels at mathematics and physics, his friends and professors are concerned over his lack of a thesis topic, while pursuing his research, Stephens muscles begin to fail, eventually causing him to fall and hit his head. He learns he has motor neurone disease, he will be unable to talk, swallow, breathe or move most of his body, Stephen asks what will happen to his brain. The doctor tells Stephen that the disease doesnt affect the brain, as Stephen becomes reclusive, focusing on his work, Jane confesses her love to him. She tells Stephens father she intends to stay with Stephen even as his condition worsens and they marry and have a son. Stephen presents his thesis to the board, arguing that a black hole created the universe in a Big Bang, that it will emit heat. While celebrating with Jane and his friends, Stephen realises he cannot walk, after having a second child, a daughter, Stephen develops a theory about the visibility of black holes and becomes a world-renowned physicist. While focusing on the children, Stephens health and his fame, Jane is unable to work on her own thesis and is frustrated. She joins the choir, where she meets widower Jonathan. She and Jonathan become close friends, and she employs him as a teacher for her son. Jonathan befriends the family, helping Stephen with his illness, supporting Jane. When Jane gives birth to son, Stephens mother asks Jane if the baby is Jonathans. Jane is appalled, seeing that Jonathan overheard the conversation, when they are alone they admit their feelings for one another, Jonathan stays away from the family, but Stephen visits him, saying that Jane needs him. While Jane and Jonathan take the children camping, Stephen is invited to attend a performance in Bordeaux
The Theory of Everything (2014 film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Theory of Everything (2014 film)
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Part of the filming in Cambridge took place at St John's College
17.
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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The Grand Budapest Hotel is an 2014 comedy film written and directed by Wes Anderson, from a story by Anderson and Hugo Guinness, inspired by the writings of Stefan Zweig. Featuring an ensemble cast, it stars Ralph Fiennes as a concierge who teams up with one of his employees to prove his innocence after he is framed for murder, the film is an American-German-British co-production that was financed by German financial companies and film-funding organizations. The Grand Budapest Hotel was released to acclaim from film critics. The film led the BAFTA nominations, with its 11 nominations including Best Film and Best Director for Anderson, the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and garnered three more Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Director for Anderson. It also garnered nine Academy Award nominations, joining Birdman with the most for the ceremony, including Best Picture and it won the Academy Awards for Best Costume Design, Best Makeup and Hairstyling, Best Production Design and Best Original Score. The narrative takes the form of a story within a story within a story, the Author begins narrating the tale from his desk in 1985 to a TV film crew about a trip he made to the Grand Budapest Hotel in 1968. Many of its lustrous facilities are now in a state of repair. The Author encounters the hotels concierge, Monsieur Jean, and elderly owner, Zero Moustafa, one afternoon, and they agree to meet later that evening. Over dinner in the enormous dining room, Mr. Moustafa tells him the tale of how he took ownership of the hotel. Part 1 – M. Gustave The story begins in 1932 during the glory days when the young Zero was a lobby boy, freshly arrived in Zubrowka after his hometown was razed. Zero befriends and eventually proposes to Agatha, who is a pastry chef. Zubrowka being on the verge of war is of concern to Monsieur Gustave H. the Grand Budapests devoted concierge. The owner of the hotel is unknown and only relays important messages through the lawyer Deputy Kovacs. When he is not attending to the needs of the wealthy clientele or managing its staff. One of the ladies is Madame Céline Villeneuve Desgoffe und Taxis, one month later, Gustave is informed that Madame D has died. This enrages her family, all of whom hoped to inherit it and her son, Dmitri Desgoffe und Taxis, lashes out at Gustave. With the help of Zero, Gustave steals the painting and returns to the Grand Budapest, during the journey, Gustave makes a pact with Zero, in return for the latters help, he makes Zero his heir. Shortly thereafter, Gustave is arrested and imprisoned for the murder of Madame D after forced testimony by Serge X, Madame Ds butler, Gustave tells Zero he has an alibi for the night Madame D was killed but could never cite his aristocratic lady bedmistress in court
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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Theatrical release poster
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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Palace Bristol Hotel in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad)
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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Jelení skok (stag jump) near Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), with the Hotel Imperial in the background
18.
Whiplash (2014 film)
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Whiplash is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle, depicting the relationship between an ambitious jazz student and an aggressive instructor. Paul Reiser co-stars as the students father, the film opened in limited release domestically in the US and Canada on October 10,2014, gradually expanding to over 500 screens and finally closing after 24 weeks on March 26,2015. Over this time the film grossed $49 million, against a budget of $3.3 million. Whiplash premiered in competition in the US Dramatic Category at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 16,2014, sony Pictures Worldwide acquired the international distribution rights. At the 87th Academy Awards, Whiplash won Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Supporting Actor for Simmons, Andrew Neiman is a first-year jazz student at the prestigious Shaffer Conservatory in New York. He has been playing drums from an age and aspires to become like Buddy Rich. Famed conductor Terence Fletcher discovers Andrew practicing in the room late one night. At a jazz competition, Andrew misplaces Carls sheet music, since Carl cannot play without it, Andrew steps in, telling Fletcher that he can perform Whiplash from memory. After a successful performance, Fletcher promotes him to core drummer, soon after, Fletcher recruits Ryan Connolly, the core drummer from Andrews former lower-level class. Andrew believes Connolly is the talented and experienced drummer, and is infuriated when Fletcher promotes him to core. Determined to impress Fletcher, Andrew practices until his hands bleed and breaks up with his new girlfriend Nicole, believing she will hold him back. He endures a grueling 2 A. M. tryout session with Fletcher, on the way to another competition, Andrews bus breaks down. He rents a car but arrives late, and realizes he left his drumsticks at the rental office, after a dressing-down from Fletcher, Andrew races back to the rental office to retrieve the drumsticks, but his car is broadsided by a semi-trailer. He crawls from the wreckage, runs back to the theater and arrives on stage bloody, when he struggles to play Caravan due to his injuries, Fletcher halts the performance to tell Andrew he is done. Enraged, Andrew attacks Fletcher in front of the audience and is dismissed from Shaffer Conservatory, at his fathers request, Andrew meets with a lawyer representing the parents of Sean Casey, a former student of Fletchers. Seans parents want to prevent Fletcher from teaching again, Andrew agrees to testify on the condition of anonymity, and Fletcher is fired from Shaffer Conservatory. Months later, Andrew has abandoned drumming and is working in a restaurant while applying to different colleges, one evening he discovers Fletcher performing at a jazz club. After the performance, Fletcher invites Andrew to drink him, seeming more hospitable
Whiplash (2014 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Whiplash (2014 film)
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Director Damien Chazelle at the
2014 Sundance Film Festival.
19.
Gone Girl (film)
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Gone Girl is a 2014 American psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher and written by Gillian Flynn, based on her 2012 novel of the same name. The film stars Ben Affleck, Rosamund Pike, Neil Patrick Harris, set in Southeast Missouri, the story begins as a mystery that follows the events surrounding Nick Dunne, who becomes the primary suspect in the sudden disappearance of his wife, Amy. The film had its premiere on opening night of the 52nd New York Film Festival on September 26,2014. It was received critically and was a commercial success, grossing $369 million. Rosamund Pikes performance was praised, and she received nominations for an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award. The day of his wedding anniversary, Nick Dunne returns home to find that his wife Amy is missing. Her disappearance receives heavy press coverage, as Amy was the inspiration for her parents popular Amazing Amy childrens books, detective Rhonda Boney does a walkthrough of their house and finds poorly concealed evidence of a struggle. The police conduct an analysis and uncover the remnants of cleaned blood stains. Suspicions arise that Nick is responsible, and his behavior is interpreted by the media as characteristic of a sociopath. Flashbacks reveal that Nick and Amys marriage had disintegrated, both lost their jobs in the recession and moved from New York City to Nicks hometown of North Carthage, Nick has become lazy, distant, uninterested and unfaithful. Boney unearths evidence of financial troubles and domestic disputes, and a states that Amy wanted to purchase a gun. Amy is revealed to be alive and well, having changed her appearance and she despises Nick for the erosion of their marital bliss, her isolation after they moved to be closer to Nicks family, and his infidelity. She anticipates Nick will be convicted and executed for her murder, Nick hires Tanner Bolt, a lawyer who specializes in defending men accused of killing their wives. Nick meets Amys ex-boyfriend Tommy OHara, who says Amy framed him for rape and he also approaches another ex-boyfriend, the wealthy Desi Collings, against whom Amy previously filed a restraining order, but Desi refuses to share any details. When Amys neighbors at the campground rob her of her money, she calls Desi. He agrees to hide her in his house, which is equipped with surveillance cameras. Nick convinces his sister, Margo, of his innocence and his performance rekindles Amys feelings for him, even as Boney arrests him for Amys murder. Amy inflicts injuries on herself and uses Desis surveillance cameras to her advantage and she seduces Desi and kills him during sex by slitting his throat
Gone Girl (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Gone Girl (film)
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From left:
David Fincher,
Gillian Flynn,
Ben Affleck,
Rosamund Pike,
Neil Patrick Harris and
Tyler Perry at the 52nd
New York Film Festival.
20.
Selma (film)
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Selma is a 2014 British-American historical drama film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Paul Webb. It is based on the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches led by James Bevel, Hosea Williams, Martin Luther King, Jr. the film stars actors David Oyelowo as King, Tom Wilkinson as President Lyndon B. Johnson, Tim Roth as George Wallace, Carmen Ejogo as Coretta Scott King, the film got a re-release on March 20,2015 in honor of the 50th anniversary of the historical march. Selma had four Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director and Best Actor and it was also nominated for Best Picture and won Best Original Song at the 87th Academy Awards. In 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference accepts his Nobel Peace Prize, four black girls walking down stairs in the Birmingham, Alabama 16th Street Baptist Church are killed by a bomb set by the Ku Klux Klan. Annie Lee Cooper attempts to register to vote in Selma, Alabama but is prevented by the white registrar. King meets with Lyndon B. Johnson and asks for federal legislation to allow citizens to register to vote unencumbered. King travels to Selma with Ralph Abernathy, Andrew Young, James Orange, James Bevel greets them, and other SCLC activists appear. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover tells Johnson that King is a problem, Coretta Scott King has concerns about her husbands upcoming work in Selma. King calls singer Mahalia Jackson to inspire him with a song, King, other SCLC leaders, and black Selma residents march to the registration office to register. After a confrontation in front of the courthouse, a match occurs as the police go into the crowd. Cooper fights back, knocking Sheriff Jim Clark to the ground, leading to the arrest of Cooper, King, Alabama Governor George Wallace speaks out against the movement. Coretta meets with Malcolm X, who says he will drive whites to ally with King by advocating an extreme position. Wallace and Al Lingo decide to use force at a night march in Marion, Alabama. A group of protesters runs into a restaurant to hide, but troopers rush in, beat, King and Bevel meet with Cager Lee, Jacksons grandfather, at the morgue. King speaks to ask people to continue to fight for their rights, King receives harassing phone calls with a recording of sexual activity implied to be him and another woman leading to an argument with Coretta. King is criticized by members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, as the Selma to Montgomery march is about to begin, King talks to Young about canceling it, but Young convinces King to persevere. The marchers, including John Lewis of SNCC, Hosea Williams of SCLC, the troopers order the marchers to turn back, and when they hold their ground the troopers attack with clubs, horses, tear gas, and other weapons
Selma (film)
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Theatrical release poster
21.
Nightcrawler (film)
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Nightcrawler is a 2014 American thriller film written and directed by Dan Gilroy. The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal as Lou Bloom, a stringer who records violent events late at night in Los Angeles, rene Russo, Riz Ahmed and Bill Paxton also star. A common theme in the film is the relationship between unethical journalism and consumer demand. Gilroy originally wanted to make a film about the life of Weegee and he wrote Bloom as an antihero, based on the ideas of unemployment and capitalism. Gyllenhaal played a role in the films production, from choosing members of the crew to watching audition tapes. Filming took place over the course of four weeks, and was a process that included over eighty locations. Nightcrawler premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, and grossed $50.3 million on a budget of $8.5 million. The film was met with praise, with critics highlighting Gilroys screenplay. Several critics listed Nightcrawler as one of the best films of 2014 and it received various accolades, petty thief Louis Lou Bloom is caught stealing from a Los Angeles construction site by a security guard. He attacks the guard, steals his watch and leaves with the stolen material, after selling the material at a scrap yard, Lou asks for a job, but the foreman says he does not hire thieves. While driving home, Lou sees a car crash and pulls over, stringers—freelance photojournalists—arrive and record two police officers pulling a woman from the wreck. One of the stringers, Joe Loder, tells Lou that they sell their footage to local news stations, inspired, Lou steals a bicycle and trades it for a camcorder and a police radio scanner. After two unsuccessful attempts at recording incidents, Lou records the aftermath of a fatal carjacking and sells the footage to KWLA6, the morning news director Nina Romina tells him the station is especially interested in footage of violent incidents in affluent areas. Lou hires an assistant, Rick, a man desperate for money. To give his footage more impact, Lou begins tampering with crime scenes, as Lous work gains traction, he buys better equipment and a faster car. Lou coerces Nina into a date and threatens to end his business with her unless she has sex with him, knowing her job depends on his footage, she reluctantly agrees. The next day he turns down an offer from Loder. Nina berates Lou to get better footage and keep his end of their bargain, Lou sabotages Joes van, when it crashes, Joe is severely injured and Lou records the aftermath
Nightcrawler (film)
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Theatrical release poster
22.
Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
Sweden
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A
Vendel-era helmet, at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities.
Sweden
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Flag
Sweden
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A
romantic nationalist interpretation of
Valdemar IV taking control over
Gotland. The final battle outside the walls of Visby in 1361 ended with a massacre of 1,800 defenders of the city.
Sweden
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Stockholm in mid-17th century
23.
Ida (film)
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Ida is a 2013 Polish drama film directed by Paweł Pawlikowski and written by Pawlikowski and Rebecca Lenkiewicz. Set in Poland in 1962, it is about a woman on the verge of taking vows as a Catholic nun. Orphaned as an infant during the German occupation of World War II, the former Communist state prosecutor and only surviving relative tells her that her parents were Jewish. The two women embark on a trip into the Polish countryside to learn the fate of their family. Ida won the 2015 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and it had earlier been selected as Best Film of 2014 by the European Film Academy and as Best Film Not in the English Language of 2014 by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In the 1960s Polish Peoples Republic, Anna, a novice nun, is told by her prioress that before she takes her vows she must visit her aunt, Wanda Gruz. Anna travels to visit her aunt Wanda, a chain-smoking, hard-drinking, Idas parents had been Jews who were murdered late in the German occupation of Poland during World War II. Ida was then an infant, and as an orphan she had raised by the convent. Wanda, who had been a Communist resistance fighter against the German occupation, had become the state prosecutor Red Wanda who sent men to their deaths. Wandas role alludes to the show trials of the early 1950s. Wanda tells Ida that she should try some worldly sins and pleasures before she decides to take her vows. On their way to their hotel for the night, Wanda picks up a hitchhiker, Lis, Lis is indeed drawn to Ida and talks with her before she leaves for the night to rejoin her aunt who is passed out in their room. Ida wants to find the graves of her parents, Wanda asks her what would happen if she goes to where their bodies are buried and discovers that God is not there. Wanda takes her to the house they were born in and used to own, Wanda had left her young son with Idas family during the war, the Skibas had taken over the home and land, and hidden the Lebensteins from the German authorities. Wanda, a prosecutor, demands that Feliks and his father tell her what happened to the Lebensteins. Finally, Feliks agrees to tell them—if Ida promises that they leave the Skibas alone. Feliks takes the women to the place in the woods. He admits to Ida that he took the three into the woods and killed them, Feliks says that because Ida was very small and able to pass for a Christian, he was able to give her to a convent
Ida (film)
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Film poster
Ida (film)
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The statue of Christ from the film with displays showing how the sequences were shot.
24.
Poland
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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
Poland
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Reconstruction of a
Bronze Age,
Lusatian culture settlement in
Biskupin, c. 700 BC
Poland
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Flag
Poland
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Earliest known contemporary depiction of a Polish ruler; King
Mieszko II Lambert of Poland being presented with a
Liturgical book by
Matilda of Swabia, 1025–1031
Poland
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Drawing of the
Battle of Grunwald, which was fought against the
German Order of Teutonic Knights, 15 July 1410
25.
Denmark
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Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has an area of 42,924 square kilometres. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, the islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands, Iceland, beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945, the Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy, the government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nations capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs, Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948, in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs, it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE. The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate. This is centred primarily on the prefix Dan and whether it refers to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -mark ending. Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning land, related to German Tenne threshing floor. The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland, with references to the border forests in south Schleswig. The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth
Denmark
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The gilded side of the
Trundholm sun chariot dating from the Nordic Bronze Age.
Denmark
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Flag
Denmark
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The
Ladby ship, the largest ship burial found in Denmark.
Denmark
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Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by
Harald Bluetooth.
26.
Winter Sleep (film)
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Winter Sleep is a 2014 Turkish drama film directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, adapted from the short story, The Wife by Anton Chekhov and one subplot of The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The story is set in Anatolia and examines the significant divide between the rich and poor as well as the powerful and powerless in Turkey, at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Palme dOr and the FIPRESCI Prize. The film was selected as the Turkish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, Aydın, a former actor, owns a mountaintop hotel in Cappadocia, as well as several properties which he rents out to local tenants. He leads an idyllic life than most people around him in the region. Educated and wealthy, he spends his time writing columns for a newspaper and researching the history of Turkish theater. One day, Aydın and his assistant Hidayet are driving down to the village when a stone shatters the window and it was thrown by İlyas, the son of İsmail, one of Aydıns tenants who is several months behind in the rent. The situation escalates until İsmail’s brother Hamdi intervenes, Hamdi, the eager-to-please local imam, brings the young İlyas to Aydın in an attempt to make amends for the glass-breaking incident. However, this serves to annoy Aydin, inspiring him to write a column on how an imam should really give a proper example to their community. At first, his sister Necla wonders why Aydın does not use his talent in a better place than the local newspaper. Later, she reverses her view and tells him that he is just superficially and sentimentally criticising other people from his comfortable armchair and this results in a long chain of snide remarks made back and forth at each other. Nihal is much younger than her husband Aydın and she tries to give meaning to her life by fundraising for developing schools, an activity for which Aydın has not shown much interest. This turns into an argument, where he tells her that she is free to divorce from him if she wishes so. Finally, Aydın states that he leave for Istanbul for several months to make arrangements for his book. He warns her that she should not trust Levent, one of the people involved in the fundraiser. Before he leaves, Aydın makes an anonymous donation in cash. The next day, Hidayet takes Aydın to the train station, due to heavy snow fall, the train is severely delayed, and Aydın decides that they will visit Aydıns friend Suavi in a nearby village. Suavi welcomes Aydıns visit, but Levent also shows up, as Levent and they spend the evening drinking and talking. There is some tension between Aydın and Levent, as Levent makes insinuations that Aydın did not do enough to help in the aftermath of an earthquake, in the meantime, Nihal visits the house of Hamdi, İsmail, İlyas, and the sick grandmother
Winter Sleep (film)
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Film poster
27.
Turkey
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Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a cultural heritage. The country is encircled by seas on three sides, the Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the countrys largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Approximately 70-80% of the countrys citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks, other ethnic groups include legally recognised and unrecognised minorities. Kurds are the largest ethnic minority group, making up approximately 20% of the population, the area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic by various ancient Anatolian civilisations, as well as Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians and Armenians. After Alexander the Greats conquest, the area was Hellenized, a process continued under the Roman Empire. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, the empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian, following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. Turkey is a member of the UN, an early member of NATO. Turkeys growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power while her location has given it geopolitical, the name of Turkey is based on the ethnonym Türk. The first recorded use of the term Türk or Türük as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkic inscriptions of the Göktürks of Central Asia, the English name Turkey first appeared in the late 14th century and is derived from Medieval Latin Turchia. Similarly, the medieval Khazar Empire, a Turkic state on the shores of the Black. The medieval Arabs referred to the Mamluk Sultanate as al-Dawla al-Turkiyya, the Ottoman Empire was sometimes referred to as Turkey or the Turkish Empire among its European contemporaries. The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world, various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family, in fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo-European languages radiated. The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty years ago. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date, the settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age
Turkey
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Some
henges at
Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 12,000 BC, predating those of
Stonehenge,
England by almost ten millennia.
Turkey
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Flag
Turkey
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The Lion Gate in
Hattusa, capital of the
Hittite Empire. The city's history dates back to the 6th millennium BC.
Turkey
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The
Library of Celsus in
Ephesus was built by the
Romans in 135 AD. The
Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, built by king
Croesus of
Lydia in the 6th century BC, was one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
28.
Leviathan (2014 film)
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Leviathan is a 2014 Russian drama film directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev, co-written by Zvyagintsev and Oleg Negin, and starring Aleksei Serebryakov, Elena Lyadova, and Vladimir Vdovichenkov. The character development of the protagonist parallels another biblical figure, Job, critics noted the film as being formidable, dealing with quirks of fate, power and money. The film was selected to compete for the Palme dOr in the competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. Zvyagintsev and Negin won the award for Best Screenplay, the film was adjudged as the best film of the year at the 2014 London Film Festival and the 45th International Film Festival of India. It won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards and it was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. Set in fictional town of Pribrezhny, Russia, the plot follows the series of events that affect Kolya. The towns crooked Mayor Vadim has undertaken a legal plot to expropriate the land on which Kolyas house is built, Kolyas long-time friend Dima, a sharp and successful lawyer from Moscow, attempts to fight the expropriation through the local court system. During the course of the trial, Kolya is arrested for shouting at corrupt police officers in a police station. When the trial rules in favor of the mayor, Dima manages to get him to step back, however during Kolyas absence, Lilya engages in an impromptu sexual encounter with Dima. During an outing with Kolyas friend Ivan Stepanich, Roma witnesses Lilya and Dima having sex and Kolya finds out about the affair, assaulting the couple. Meanwhile, Mayor Vadim visits his friend, a local Orthodox Church bishop, for spiritual comfort, subsequently, Vadim and his thugs abduct Dima and carry out a mock execution, and urge him to return to Moscow. Afterwards Vadim continues his drive at expropriating Kolyas house, the last appearance of Dima shows him looking out the window of a train, ostensibly en route back to Moscow. Lilya returns home to Kolya, but she is depressed by the revelation of her affair. While the family is packing to move out, Kolya corners Lilya in the basement, Roma witnesses the event and flees the house, collapsing in tears by a whale skeleton on the shore. He returns home late at night, and explicitly blames Lilya for everything that is going wrong in their lives and that night, Lilya is unable to sleep and leaves the house in the early morning. The next morning she does not turn up at work and her phone is switched off and her body is discovered a few days later. A mournful Kolya revs up his drinking habits even more and encounters a priest and he asks him why God is doing this to him. The Orthodox priest, who is a man, quotes from the Biblical book of Job, and counsels Kolya that
Leviathan (2014 film)
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Theatrical Release Poster
Leviathan (2014 film)
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House of Kolya (69°09′44″N 35°07′46″E / 69.16227°N 35.129527°E / 69.16227; 35.129527)
