1.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
2.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
3.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
4.
Power pop
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Power pop is a pop rock music subgenre that draws its inspiration from 1960s British and American rock music. It typically incorporates a combination of devices such as strong melodies, clear vocals and crisp vocal harmonies, economical arrangements. Instrumental solos are usually kept to a minimum, and blues elements are largely downplayed, in the 1980s and 1990s, power pop continued as a commercially modest genre but by the mid-1990s through the 2000s, power pop was mainly in the underground. While its cultural impact has waxed and waned over the decades, Power pop is a more aggressive form of pop rock that is based on catchy, melodic hooks and energetic moods. The Small Faces are often cited as being among the progenitors of power pop, the Whos role in the creation of power pop has been cited by singer-songwriter Eric Carmen of the Raspberries, who has said, Pete Townshend coined the phrase to define what the Who did. For some reason, it didnt stick to the Who, but it did stick to these groups came out in the 70s that played kind of melodic songs with crunchy guitars. It just kind of stuck to us like glue, and that was okay with us because the Who were among our highest role models, other acts such as the Knickerbockers, the Easybeats and the Outsiders contributed iconic singles. Writer John Borack has noted, Its also quite easy to draw a line from garage rock to power pop. Although the formative influences on the genre were primarily British, the bands that developed and codified power pop in the 1970s were nearly all American. The Raspberries 1972 hit single Go All The Way is an almost perfect embodiment of the elements of power pop, the most influential group of the period may have been Big Star. The Replacements even recorded a song entitled Alex Chilton in honor of Big Stars frontman, spurred on by the emergence of punk rock and new wave, power pop enjoyed a prolific and commercially successful period in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although coined in the 1960s, and used as early as 1973 in reference to Sweet, as the novelist Michael Chabon has written, Power pop in its essential form. Did not come into existence for a number of years after it was first identified, like so much of the greatest work turned out by popular artists of the 1970s, true power pop is quintessential second-generation stuff. The term was used in reference to critics favorites Elvis Costello and Nick Lowe. Los Angeles-based Bomp. magazine championed power pop in its March 1978 issue, tying the genres roots to 1960s groups like the Who, like their punk brethren, late–1970s power pop groups favored a leaner and punchier sound than their early–1970s predecessors. Some occasionally incorporated synthesizers into their music, though not to the degree as did their new wave counterparts. Representative singles from the period include releases from the Bomp, records label by 20/20, Shoes and the Romantics. Major label groups like Cheap Trick, the Cars and Blondie merged power pop influences with other styles and achieved their first mainstream success with albums released in 1978
5.
OK Go
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OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California. The band is composed of Damian Kulash, Tim Nordwind, Dan Konopka and Andy Ross, the band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos. The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two albums before Duncans departure. The bands video for Here It Goes Again won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007, the bands lead singer, Damian Kulash, met bassist Tim Nordwind at Interlochen Arts Camp when they were 11. Kulash was in for graphic design, Nordwind for music, the band name comes from an art teacher of the band members saying, OK. They kept in touch after camp, often exchanging mixtapes which influenced each others musical taste and they met the bands future guitarist and keyboardist Andy Duncan in high school. Nordwind and Duncan moved to Chicago for college, where they formed the band Stanleys Joyful Noise with drummer Dan Konopka, the name OK Go was adopted in 1998, when Kulash moved to Chicago to join the band. At the end of 2000, the band was invited by radio host Ira Glass to serve as the band for live performances of This American Life in Boston, New York. The band self-released two EPs, titled Brown EP and Pink EP, which were culled from an albums worth of songs recorded in February 2000 with producer Dave Trumfio, to serve as demos. Though the members of OK Go eventually left for Los Angeles and New York, in a 2011 interview, Kulash described the bands formative years, “As far as the band is concerned, we only have one home town. We all live in L. A. Chicago had such a close-knit, the Empty Bottle was where it all started for us. We played at the Metro and the Double Door as well, the band released its debut album, OK Go, on September 17,2002, after it was pushed back by the label from its original June release date. To promote the release, the label sent out miniature ping pong tables to press outlets, in the United States, the album reached #1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart and #107 on the Billboard 200 Chart. In the United Kingdom, the first single Get Over It debuted at no,27, in the UK singles chart on March 16,2003, and the band performed it on that weeks edition of Top of the Pops. Also that week, the video was named video of the week by Q magazine. The bands second album, Oh No, was recorded in Malmö, Sweden in the fall of 2004 and was produced by Tore Johansson and mixed by Dave Sardy. After recording, in February 2005, Andy Duncan left the band citing creative differences, major label pressures, and the bands rigorous touring schedule. Ross introduced himself to the fans by writing a blog entitled The Will To Rock
6.
8in8
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8in8 is a supergroup comprising Ben Folds, Amanda Palmer, Neil Gaiman, and Damian Kulash of OK Go. In 2011 they gathered together with the intention of writing and recording eight songs in eight hours, the band have been referred to as a supergroup, acknowledging that moniker by describing themselves as tomorrows supergroup today. The musical members of 8in8 each have different styles and the EP Nighty Night was created to each one. The Berklee College of Music hosted the Rethink Music conference in April 2011, inviting musicians, during the discussions Amanda Palmer raised the question of how fast an artist could complete the process of creating an album, from writing new material to releasing the work. Shortly afterwards she joined with the members of 8in8, forming the group to write. On 25 April 2011 they went into Mad Oak Studios with producer Sean Slade and they had the intention of creating an album of eight songs in eight hours, but fell short of that target, completing six songs in 12 hours. The album, available under a Creative Commons license, went on sale on Bandcamp, the session was broadcast live on Rethink-Music. com, and the band members used Twitter to communicate with fans, encouraging them to put forward ideas for the lyrics. The band have played one concert, returning to the Rethink Music conference just hours after completing the record and they played the set at the Berklee Performance Centre
7.
Kristin Gore
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Kristin Carlson Gore is an American author and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Al and Tipper Gore and the sister of Karenna Gore Schiff, Sarah. Gore was raised in Washington, D. C. graduated from National Cathedral School in 1995, while at Harvard, she was an editor for Harvard Lampoon. Until her senior year at Harvard, she was the woman on the literary board of Harvard Lampoon, I didnt know its reputation at all. It was just that the funniest people I knew at Harvard were on the Lampoon, Gore has published three novels, Sammys Hill, Sammys House, and Sweet Jiminy. She co-wrote the screenplay for the 2015 film Accidental Love, and she was also a writer for the animated sitcom Futurama and the long-running sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live. In 1999, Gore sang backup vocals on a Diva Zappa comedy single called When The Bell Drops about Zappas hunt for someone to make out with on the Millennium, Tipper Gore played drums on the recording. In 2013, she worked on Spike Jonzes film Her, and has written a screenplay called Racing Dreams that Lance Acord will direct, Gore married Paul Cusack, a former district director for former Massachusetts United States Representative Marty Meehan, in 2005. She is currently married to OKGO frontman, Damian Kulash
8.
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)
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St. Albans School is an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in grades 4–12, located in Washington, D. C. The school is named after Saint Alban, traditionally regarded as the first British martyr, within the St. Albans community, the school is commonly referred to as S-T-A. St. Albans, along with its schools on the Cathedral Close. The school was founded in 1909, with $300,000 in funding bequeathed by Harriet Lane Johnston, initially, it was a school for boy choristers to the Washington National Cathedral, a program that the school continues today. The school mascot is the bulldog, a symbol adopted under the fourth headmaster, Canon Charles S. Martin. The St. Albans motto, Pro Ecclesia et Pro Patria, translates to For Church, St. Albans requires all students to attend Chapel twice a week in The Little Sanctuary. The school seeks to develop in its students a sense of moral responsibility through Chapel, its Honor Code, and a co-curricular social service program. A2004 article in the Wall Street Journal found that among U. S. schools, St. Albans had the 11th-highest success rate in placing graduates at 10 selective universities. In 2012, St. Albans sent 24 out of its 75 graduates, or 32%, to an Ivy league School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or Stanford, making its matriculation one of the best in the country. The class of 2013 similarly fared well, with 21 graduates attending Ivy League schools or Stanford and 2 each attending the University of Chicago and the United States Military Academy. From the 76 member class of 2014,16 headed to the Ivy League,2 to Stanford,1 to Duke, a 2015 article in Business Insider ranked St. Albans the smartest boarding school in America. Almost 75% of the faculty at the school have advanced degrees, the school also maintains one writer-in-residence, who teaches English classes while developing his or her work. The schools seventh headmaster is Vance Wilson, who has recently served as the President of the International Boys School Coalition. The school opened its new Upper School building - Marriott Hall - in 2009–2010, the St. Albans application process begins in the fall prior to the students intended year of attendance. In September, a family may schedule a tour and interview, in addition to the visit, a general application form, personal statement, teacher recommendations, standardized testing, and a school transcript are required for the application. St. Albans operates a need-blind admission policy, as a result, a students application for financial aid has no bearing on his application for admission. The St. Albans Skip Grant Program offers financial aid and other support to enrolled students from a diversity of socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. This program was started by former St. Albans teacher Brooks Johnson and is now named after the second director, former teacher, coach
9.
Brown University
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Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges established before the American Revolution. At its foundation, Brown was the first college in the United States to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation and its engineering program was established in 1847 and was the first in the Ivy League. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U. S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding master, Browns New Curriculum is sometimes referred to in education theory as the Brown Curriculum and was adopted by faculty vote in 1969 after a period of student lobbying. In 1971, Browns coordinate womens institution Pembroke College was fully merged into the university, Pembroke Campus now operates as a place for dorms and classrooms. Undergraduate admissions is very selective, with a rate of 8.3 percent for the class of 2021. The University comprises The College, the Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health, and the School of Professional Studies. The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program, offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design, is a course that awards degrees from both institutions. Browns main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence, the Universitys neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings. On the western edge of the campus, Benefit Street contains one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth-, Browns faculty and alumni include eight Nobel Prize laureates, five National Humanities Medalists, and ten National Medal of Science laureates. Other notable alumni include eight billionaire graduates, a U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, to erect a public Building or Buildings for the boarding of the youth & the Residence of the Professors. Stiles and Ellery were co-authors of the Charter of the College two years later, there is further documentary evidence that Stiles was making plans for a college in 1762. On January 20, Chauncey Whittelsey, pastor of the First Church of New Haven, answered a letter from Stiles, should you make any Progress in the Affair of a Colledge, I should be glad to hear of it, I heartily wish you Success therein. Isaac Backus was the historian of the New England Baptists and an inaugural Trustee of Brown, Mr. James Manning, who took his first degree in New-Jersey college in September,1762, was esteemed a suitable leader in this important work. Manning arrived at Newport in July 1763 and was introduced to Stiles, stiless first draft was read to the General Assembly in August 1763 and rejected by Baptist members who worried that the College Board of Fellows would under-represent the Baptists. A revised Charter written by Stiles and Ellery was adopted by the Assembly on March 3,1764, in September 1764, the inaugural meeting of the College Corporation was held at Newport. Governor Stephen Hopkins was chosen chancellor, former and future governor Samuel Ward was vice chancellor, John Tillinghast treasurer, the Charter stipulated that the Board of Trustees be composed of 22 Baptists, five Quakers, five Episcopalians, and four Congregationalists. Of the 12 Fellows, eight should be Baptists—including the College president—and the rest indifferently of any or all Denominations, the Charter was not the grant of King George III, as is sometimes supposed, but rather an Act of the colonial General Assembly. In two particulars, the Charter may be said to be a uniquely progressive document, the oft-repeated statement is inaccurate that Browns Charter alone prohibited a religious test for College membership, other college charters were also liberal in that particular
10.
Semiotics
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Semiotics is the study of meaning-making, the study of sign processes and meaningful communication. This includes the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, allegory, metonymy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, the semiotic tradition explores the study of signs and symbols as a significant part of communications. As different from linguistics, however, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems, some semioticians focus on the logical dimensions of the science, however. They examine areas belonging also to the life sciences—such as how organisms make predictions about, in general, semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study, the communication of information in living organisms is covered in biosemiotics. John Locke used the term semiotike in book four, chapter 21 of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, an intelligence capable of learning by experience, and which is philosophical logic pursued in terms of signs and sign processes. The Peirce scholar and editor Max H. Fisch claimed in 1978 that semeiotic was Peirces own preferred rendering of Lockes σημιωτική, Charles W. Morris followed Peirce in using the term semiotic and in extending the discipline beyond human communication to animal learning and use of signals. Ferdinand de Saussure, however, founded his semiotics, which he called semiology, in the social sciences, possible to conceive of a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life. It would form part of psychology, and hence of general psychology. It would investigate the nature of signs and the laws governing them, since it does not yet exist, one cannot say for certain that it will exist. But it has a right to exist, a ready for it in advance. Linguistics is only one branch of general science. The laws which semiology will discover will be applicable in linguistics. While the Saussurean semiotic is dyadic, the Peircean semiotic is triadic, Peircean semiotics further subdivides each of the three triadic elements into three sub-types. For example, signs can be icons, indices, and symbols, Thomas Sebeok assimilated semiology to semiotics as a part to a whole, and was involved in choosing the name Semiotica for the first international journal devoted to the study of signs. For Derrida, il ny a pas de hors-texte and he was in obvious opposition to materialists and marxists who argued that a sign has to point towards a real meaning, and cannot be controlled by the referents closed-loop references. The importance of signs and signification has been recognized much of the history of philosophy. Plato and Aristotle both explored the relationship between signs and the world, and Augustine considered the nature of the sign within a conventional system and these theories have had a lasting effect in Western philosophy, especially through scholastic philosophy. In contrast to this, human understanding adds to the animal Umwelt a relation of self-identity within objects which transforms objects experienced into things as well as +, –,0 objects, Peirces distinguished between the interpretant and the interpreter
11.
Poland
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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
12.
Fish finger
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Fish fingers or fish sticks, are a processed food made using a whitefish, such as cod, haddock or pollock, which has been battered or breaded. They are commonly available in the food section of supermarkets. They can be baked in the oven, grilled, shallow fried, the term fish fingers is first referenced in a recipe given in a British popular magazine in 1900, and the dish is often considered emblematic of the United Kingdom. There was an abundance of herring in the United Kingdom after World War II, clarence Birdseye test-marketed herring fish fingers, a product he had discovered in the US, under the name herring savouries. These were tested in Southampton and South Wales against cod sticks, shoppers, however, confounded expectations by showing an overwhelming preference for the cod. The fish used may be either fillets cut to shape or minced/ground fish reformed to shape and those made entirely from fillets are generally regarded as the higher quality products and will typically have a prominent sign on the box stating that the fish is 100% fillet. Minced fish is commonly used in store brand economy products. They may have either batter or breadcrumbs around the outside as casing, in addition to white fish, fish fingers are sometimes made with salmon. Crab stick Chicken nugget Fishcake Fish finger sandwich How in the World, a Fascinating Journey Through the World of Human Ingenuity, Readers Digest,1990, ISBN 0-89577-353-8
13.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
14.
Interlochen Center for the Arts
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Interlochen Center for the Arts is a tax exempt,501 non-profit corporation, operating an arts education institution in northwest Michigan. The center is situated on a 1, 200-acre campus in Interlochen, Michigan, Interlochen draws young people from around the world to study music, theater, dance, visual arts, creative writing, motion picture arts, and comparative arts. Interlochen Center for the Arts comprises five major divisions, an annual summer camp attended by young artists from around the world. Programs are offered to students in grades three through twelve, providing an opportunity to learn, create and perform alongside leading artists, a fine arts boarding high school offering arts training combined with comprehensive, college-preparatory academics. An adult artist learning program offering programs in a variety of arts disciplines. Two listener-supported stations that broadcast to northwest Michigan, Classical Music 88.7,88.5,94.7 and 100.9 FM, broadcasts include arts, news and culture from around the world, as well as local and regional news, information and artists. IPR was a member of National Public Radio. An ongoing series of performances by students, faculty and dozens of world-renowned guest artists, the series presents more than 600 events each year, making Interlochen one of the nations largest arts presenters. The Interlochen Arts Academy, the highest profile pre-professional arts boarding school worldwide, was founded in 1962 by Joseph E. Maddy, as of 2016, it had 350 faculty and staff, and approximately 500 students. While more than half the major in Music Performance, IAA offers majors in Comparative Arts, Creative Writing, Dance, Theatre, Motion Picture Arts. Newer majors include Motion Picture Arts beginning in 2005, Comparative Arts in 2011, the vast majority of students at Interlochen Arts Academy are boarding students, including many international students, some are day students who live in the vicinity. This was due to the schools boarding feature and competitive entrance auditions, with the addition of new majors, IAA has attempted to increase the number of students attending all four years. IAA also offers a year for further pre-professional study. Upon graduation, most IAA graduates continue to universities or conservatories for further study in the arts or academics, Interlochen Arts Academy graduates also matriculate at colleges and universities that do not have a primary focus on the arts. From the State of Michigan historical marker on Interlochens Osterlin Mall, in the late 1800s white men came and cut the pines, leaving only a small forest between the lakes. This virgin pine was purchased in 1917 by the state and became part of one of the first state parks, when the lumber era ended, the Wylie Cooperage mill occupied the Indian village site, making barrels until the hardwood ran out. Willis Penningtons summer hotel, opened in 1909, was popular with fishermen until automobiles, then in 1918, Camp Interlochen, one of Michigans first girls recreation camps, was opened, followed in 1922 by Camp Penn Loch for boys. In 1928, by arrangement with Willis Pennington, Joseph E. Maddy and it grew rapidly in scope, size, and reputation, becoming the National Music Camp in 1931, and affiliating with the University of Michigan in 1942
15.
National Public Radio
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
16.
This American Life
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This American Life is an American weekly hour-long radio program produced by WBEZ and hosted by Ira Glass. It is broadcast on public radio stations in the United States and internationally. Primarily a journalistic non-fiction program, it has also featured essays, memoirs, field recordings, short fiction, the first episode aired on November 17,1995, under the shows original title, Your Radio Playhouse. The series was distributed by Public Radio International until June 2014, a television program of the same name ran for two seasons on the Showtime cable network between June 2007 and May 2008. Each weeks show has a theme, explored in several acts, on occasion, an entire program will consist of a single act. The most acts were in the episode 20 Acts in 60 Minutes, each act is produced by a combination of staff and freelance contributors. Programs usually begin with a station identification by Glass who then introduces a segment related to the theme which precedes act one. The segment will then lead into the presentation of the theme for that weeks show, stories are often told as first-person narratives. The mood of the ranges from gloomy to ironic, from thought-provoking to humorous. The show often addresses current events, such as Hurricane Katrina in After the Flood, often This American Life features stories which explore aspects of human nature, such as Kid Logic, which presented pieces on the reasoning of children. Glass has stated he is obligated to mention both station WBEZ, and previously, distributor PRI three times in the course of the show. Glass, the creator, has served as executive producer and host since its November 17,1995. The programs first year was produced on a budget that was even by US public-radio standards. A budget of $243,000 covered an outfitted studio, marketing costs, purchased satellite time, National syndication began in June 1996 when Public Radio International formed a distribution partnership with the program. It airs on 509 PRI affiliate stations in the United States reaching an estimated 2.1 million listeners each week, the show is also carried on Sirius XM Satellite Radio over the Public Radio International block on the XM Public Radio channel. The program consistently rates as the first- or second-most downloaded podcast on iTunes for each week, originally titled Your Radio Playhouse, a local show on WBEZ, the programs name was changed beginning with the March 21,1996 episode. It was picked up nationally by PRI in June 1996, the reference to each segment of the show as an act is a holdover from its original playhouse theme. The program helped launch the careers of many, including contributing editor Sarah Vowell and essayists David Rakoff
17.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
18.
OK Go (album)
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OK Go is the debut studio album by American rock band OK Go. It was released in September 2002, the cover was created by designer Stefan Sagmeister. The album debuted at number 107 on Billboard 200, and number one on Billboard Top Heatseekers Chart, all lyrics written by Damian Kulash Jr. all music composed by Damian Kulash Jr. except where noted. Get Over It was featured on the soundtrack of the video games Triple Play Baseball 2002, dont Ask Me was featured on the soundtrack of the video game MVP Baseball 2003, trailers for Just Friends and Good Luck Chuck, and the movie Catch That Kid. Youre So Damn Hot was used on an episode of The O. C and it also appeared in a television commercial advertising campaign for Payless Shoes in 2006. It is now appearing in ads for ABCs television show Castle
19.
Oh No (album)
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Oh No is the second studio album by American rock band OK Go. It was released 30 August 2005, the album was recorded in late 2004 with producer Tore Johansson in Malmö, Sweden and mixed by Dave Sardy in Los Angeles. It is the album to feature guitarist Andy Duncan, who left shortly after recording finished. As of January 12,2007, the album had sold 198,045 units, after the bands performance at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, their album moved up to #2 on the iTunes Music Store album sales charts. On November 7,2006, OK Go released a limited edition CD/DVD of the album. All lyrics written by Damian Kulash Jr. all music composed by Damian Kulash Jr. except where noted,9027 km is a 35-minute track on the US version of the album that is not included on the cover sleeve. It is a recording of frontman Damian Kulashs sleeping girlfriend. After parting with the label, Kulash would later admit that was a hasty recording that he made before submitting the final album to the record label. The track was added to pad out the CD and thereby prevent their label from using the space to add DRM software. The name of the track is based on the distance between Malmö, Sweden and Los Angeles, California, where Kulash and his girlfriend were respectively based during the production of the album. Oh No has received praise, and holds an aggregated 64 out of 100, based out of 14 critics, OK Go Damian Kulash Jr. – design Sunja Park – layout Dusan Reljin – photography Tom Fowlks – additional photography Oh No at MusicBrainz
20.
Of the Blue Colour of the Sky
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Of the Blue Colour of the Sky is the third studio album by American rock band OK Go. It was released on January 12,2010 on Capitol Records in the USA and EMI in the UK, the album was produced by Dave Fridmann and was recorded in a span of seven months at Fridmanns Tarbox Road Studios in Cassadaga, New York. The albums name, lyrics, and concept are based on The Influence of the Blue Ray of the Sunlight and of the Blue Colour of the Sky and its style was noted as a significant departure from the power pop of their earlier albums. After the bands split with EMI and Capitol, Paracadute took over the promotional campaign, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics upon release and debuted at number 40 on Billboard 200 chart. After the bands previous album Oh No was finished being recorded in 2005, guitarist Andy Duncan left the band, citing creative differences and he was replaced by Andy Ross, who was involved in the albums promotion, including music video appearances. The music videos for A Million Ways and Here It Goes Again attracted much attention as viral videos on YouTube, and were significantly influential in the Oh Nos success and rise in OK Gos popularity. Along with releasing the EP Youre Not Alone with New Orleans brass funk rock band Bonerama in 2008, OK Go finished writing new material and started working in the studio in October 2008. They worked for two intervals in producer Dave Fridmanns Tarbox Road Studios, a converted Amish barn in Cassadaga, New York. Bassist Tim Nordwind described the process of the sessions as a midpoint between the slick production work done on OK Go and the emphasis on live takes with the recording of Oh No. J. Elements of the booklet compare the lyrics with the passage, with data gathered from the characteristics of the texts presented by different graphical means. The image on the cover was constructed with a list of twenty-five themes, each representing a specific color. If more than one theme is assigned to the same sentence, with each sentence being represented by a colored line, the lines are arranged radially giving the impression of beams of multicolored light emanating from the center. Other data collected for presentation inside the booklet includes sentence length, parts of speech occurrences, syllable stress, and words common to both texts. Kulash, as the songwriter for the album, developed the concept and collected the data with Stefanie Posavec and Greg McInerny. Since OK Go split from EMI, their label, Paracadute, on September 19, they announced that an Extra Nice Edition was to be released in the USA on November 2. It features the standard thirteen-track album along with a disk that includes demos, alternate versions. Also, access to a database is included with its purchase. Music will continually be added to the even though the album is out
21.
Hungry Ghosts (album)
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Hungry Ghosts is the fourth studio album by American rock band OK Go. It was released on October 14,2014 under the bands own Paracadute record label and was produced by Dave Fridmann and it is the bands first studio album since Of the Blue Colour of the Sky, which was released four years earlier in January 2010. It is a album that is mostly about the pros and cons of a relationship. The album has an electronic and modern approach compared to their three previous studio albums. The album was recorded in three years at Dave Fridmanns Tarbox Road Studios in Cassadaga, New York, upon release, the album received generally favorable reviews from music critics and charted at number 74 in the Billboard 200. The band has released two singles from the album with accompanying music videos, The Writings on the Wall. The music video for I Wont Let You Down was nominated for, with the exception of the single I Wont Let You Down, which was produced by Tony Hoffer in Los Angeles, most of the album was produced by Dave Fridmann at his New York studio Tarbox Road. Production began with the sessions, where the members sent in about 40 demos. They also discussed how different they would produce from their previous records, the group had spent two years writing material, beginning with no idea how the music would sound. According to Fridmann, they decided to use a combination of Pro Tools and Reason, everything was synced up to a Reason track, so we could edit in both worlds, and we set up the studio with five different stations. We had the main A and B studios with my stuff and he described the development of the songs in an interview with Mix Online, We’d just go from room to room. Somebody else would be listening to stuff and they’d give comments back. We just kept walking around the building in a circle, commenting on each other’s work, the vocals were mainly recorded using Neumann U7 and Sennheiser 421 mics, with a Neve 8801 occasionally being used if necessary. Several guitar amps were used in making the album, including a Selmer, the guitars were tracked with a Bock 251 mic. On the drums, an Electro-Voice 868 mic was used for the kick, a Neumann 105 for the snare, an E-V RE27 was used to track bass guitar. Fridmann said that a lot of the sounds on this album originated inside of Reason. We did a lot of programming, and that made it easy to transfer files, no matter what you did in a Thor synthesizer, you could take it to somebody else’s Reason station, then we could speed it up, slow it down, do whatever we want. Frontman Damian Kulash also used an OP-1 synthesizer manufactured by Teenage Engineering in recording the album, Hungry Ghosts contains styles of synthrock and power pop with several disco elements
22.
Fugazi
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Fugazi is an American post-hardcore band that formed in Washington, D. C. in 1987. The band consists of guitarists and vocalists Ian MacKaye and Guy Picciotto, bassist Joe Lally, Fugazi are noted for their DIY ethical stance, manner of business practice, and contempt towards the music industry. Fugazi have performed worldwide tours, produced six studio albums, a film. Fugazi has been on hiatus since 2003. After the hardcore punk group Minor Threat dissolved, Ian MacKaye was active with a few short-lived groups, MacKaye decided he wanted a project that was like The Stooges with reggae, but was wary about forming another band after Embraces break up. MacKaye recalled, My interests were not necessarily to be in a band, MacKaye recruited ex-Dag Nasty drummer Colin Sears and bass guitarist Joe Lally, and the trio began practicing together in September 1986. After a few months of rehearsals, Sears returned to Dag Nasty and was replaced by Brendan Canty, but Picciotto was disappointed that there seemed to be no place for him. After some uncertainty from Canty about what he wanted to do with his future, the band began inviting Picciotto to practices. Inspired by use of a foil in hip hop, Picciotto sang backup vocals, after his band Happy Go Licky broke up, he became more involved with Fugazi. MacKaye eventually asked Picciotto to become a member, which he accepted. Fugazi embarked on its first tour in January 1988, in June 1988 the band recorded its debut EP Fugazi with producer Ted Niceley and producer/engineer Don Zientara, and shortly afterwards embarked on an arduous tour of Europe. At the tours conclusion in December, the recorded songs for its intended debut album. However, the band was spent from touring and decided that the sessions were unsatisfactory. The track list was cut down to an EP and released as Margin Walker the following year, both EPs were eventually combined into the 13 Songs release in late 1989. Upon the bands return from Europe, Picciotto, unsatisfied with singing, with Picciotto playing guitar full-time, Fugazi made the transition into jamming and writing new material as a band as opposed to performing songs composed solely by MacKaye. In addition to working on new material, songs they had been performing live were refined, such as Merchandise and Turnover, released on April 19,1990, through Dischord Records, Repeater did not initially reach the Billboard 200 charts or become a commercial success. By summer 1991, the album more than 300,000 copies. While major labels began to court Fugazi, the decided to stay with Dischord
23.
Ted Leo and the Pharmacists
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Ted Leo and the Pharmacists are an American rock band formed in 1999 in Washington, D. C. They have released six studio albums and have toured internationally. Though the groups lineup has fluctuated throughout their career, singer/guitarist Ted Leo has remained the main songwriter, creative force. The groups music combines elements of rock, indie rock, art punk, traditional rock. Their most recent album, The Brutalist Bricks, was released on March 9,2010, Ted Leo started the Pharmacists essentially as a solo project in 1999. His previous band Chisel had broken up in the late 1990s, after which he spent time with the Spinanes and the Sin Eaters and acted as producer for the Secret Stars. In 1999, he recorded the album tej leo, Rx / pharmacists, in 2000, Leo expanded the project to a full band including James Canty on guitar, Jodi V. B. on bass and Amy Farina on drums. He named the band the Pharmacists, and the group released the EP Treble in Trouble. The EP moved away from many of the elements of tej leo by relying on more traditional rock structures and instrumentation. Records in 2001 and experienced more lineup changes as V. B. for the album The Tyranny of Distance, Leo and Canty utilized a number of in-studio backing musicians. The album incorporated multiple styles including Celtic rock, acoustic folk balladry, during the supporting tours for The Tyranny of Distance, bassist Dave Lerner, drummer Chris Wilson and keyboardist Dorien Garry became permanent members of the band. The groups next album, 2003s Hearts of Oak, drew from punk rock, the EP Tell Balgeary, Balgury Is Dead soon followed and featured a number of Leos solo songs and covers. The bands video documentary Dirty Old Town was released the same year, prior to the recording of 2004s Shake the Sheets, Garry and Canty left the band, reducing the group to a trio. The album explored social and political topics and experienced success with the single Me. The iTunes-exclusive EP Sharkbite Sessions followed in 2005, in 2006, Ted Leo and the Pharmacists left Lookout. Amidst financial crises within the label, and signed a new contract with Chicago-based Touch, the bands popularity continued to expand through constant touring and performances at large festivals such as the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and the Pitchfork Music Festival. Their fourth full-band album, Living with the Living, was released on March 20,2007, first-run copies of the album also included the Mo Living EP. Former guitarist Canty rejoined them for touring in support of Living with the Living, bassist Lerner played his last show with the band at McCarren Park Pool in Brooklyn, NY on August 12,2007
24.
Lungfish (band)
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Lungfish is a post-hardcore band formed in 1987 in Baltimore, Maryland. All of their music has released by the Washington, D. C. punk label Dischord except for their first LP. Their line-up as of 2005 consists of Daniel Higgs, Asa Osborne, Sean Meadows, previous bass players are John Chriest and Nathan Bell. Daniel Higgs sang in the 80s hardcore/punk band Reptile House and has released solo works under his own name. He has recently made solo performances, usually with the long-necked banjo. In 2011, Higgs also collaborated with Swedish band Skull Defekts on the album Peer Amid Asa Osborne has released a CD and 7 with Charles Brohawn of The Tinklers under the name Tear Jerks. Osborne also released an album on Dischord in 2002 with Daniel Higgs under the name The Pupils, in early 2008 the record label Holy Mountain announced a new solo project by Osborne called Zomes. Sean Meadows has played in bands including June of 44, The Sonora Pine. Mitchell Feldstein has published two volumes of prose/poetry, Hurl on Apathy Press and Teen Cardinal on Shattered Wig Press. He also played drums with Arboretum Nathan Bell played bass on Kogumazas Kолокол,19991990, Nothing is Easy on Simple Machines Records#1 Wedge 7, re-released on The Machines, Simple Machines 7s comp. 1990, Nothing is Easy on Pre-Moon Syndrome Post Summer Celebration Week.1 BSRs Phoning It In Daniel Higgs at Arcane Candy
25.
Post-hardcore
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Like post-punk, the term has been applied to a broad constellation of groups. Hardcore punk typically features very fast tempos, loud volume, and heavy bass levels, additionally, many of these bands vocalists were just as likely to deliver their lyrics with a whispered croon as they were a maniacal yelp. Allmusic also claims that post-hardcore bands find creative ways to build and release tension rather than airing their dirty laundry in short, sharp, british post-punk of the late 1970s and early 1980s has been seen as influential on the musical development of post-hardcore bands. As the genre progressed some of these groups also experimented with an array of influences, including soul, dub, funk, jazz. Groups such as Saccharine Trust, Naked Raygun, and The Effigies, during the early to mid-1980s, the desire to experiment with hardcores basic template expanded to many musicians that had been associated with the genre or had strong roots in it. Many of these also took inspiration from the 1980s noise rock scene pioneered by Sonic Youth. Some bands signed to the independent label Homestead Records, including Squirrel Bait, a reviewer noted that the groups 1989s release Wrong was one of the most aggressive and powerful opuses in post-hardcore ever made. During the years 1984 and 1985 in the scene, a new movement had swept over. When The Faith put out the EP Subject to Change in 1983 it marked an evolution in the sound of D. C. hardcore. This movement has been widely known as the Revolution Summer. Other bands have been perceived as taking inspiration from such as funk. According to Eric Grubbs, a nickname was developed for the new sound, with some considering it post-harDCore, the latter, mentioned in skateboarding magazine Thrasher, would come up in discussions around the D. C. area. In the nearby state of Maryland, similar bands that are categorized now as post-hardcore would also emerge and this group has also been considered as one of the earliest emo acts. The second half of the 1980s saw the formation of bands in D. C. which included Shudder to Think, Jawbox, The Nation of Ulysses. MacKaye described this period as the busiest that the Dischord Records label had ever seen. Most of these acts, along with ones, would contribute to the 1989 compilation State of the Union. It has also noted that the groups ever-evolving sound would signal a more experimental turn in hardcore that paved the way for later Dischord releases. Similarly, the debut studio album, 1990s Repeater, has also been generally regarded as a classic
26.
Frodus
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Frodus was a Washington, D. C. -based post-hardcore band. Frodus was founded in 1993 by vocalist/guitarist Shelby Cinca and drummer Jason Hamacher, the band went through numerous bassists over the course of their career. They are described by critics as one of the most influential bands of the 1990s. Their mixture of rock and hardcore punk plus their lyrical themes, frequently dark and dissonant and seen as esoteric for the time, proved to be influential to bands such as Thrice. Frodus first releases were self-distributed cassettes and 7 inches, such as Babe, Tzo-Boy, two other releases, on now defunct indie labels, followed. Frodus later signed with Tooth and Nail Records, an independent label out of Seattle, the name Frodus came from the last episode of TV series The Monkees called Mijacogeo. After Frodus broke up in 1999, it took two years to find a label to release their final album, the first label, MIA Records, shut down due to the owner having to settle a long-standing lawsuit. Afterwards, long-time Frodus friend Tony Weinbender offered to release Frodus final album, Shelby Cinca briefly joined the band Bluebird as a second guitarist following the breakup of Frodus, but left before recording any material with them. In 2000, Nathan went on to form The Out Circuit and Night Is Invisible, in 2003, the founding members Shelby Cinca and Jason Hamacher along with bassist Joe Lally of Fugazi joined to form The Black Sea. They later changed their name to Decahedron, Lally left shortly after the completion of their debut album and was replaced by Jonathan Ford. Continually plagued by bassist fluctuation anomalies, Ford quit in 2004 and was replaced by Jake Brown. In 2005, they suspended operations after the release of their EP entitled 2005, Shelby Cinca then focused on his Swedish project Frantic Mantis with Håkan Johansson and Per Stålberg of Division of Laura Lee, and completed the third album by The Cassettes. In 2006, Jason Hamacher started a project with Mike Schliebaum of Darkest Hour called Zealot, Cinca began releasing IDM, made on a Game Boy with the Nanoloop software, under his own name. 2006 also saw the relaunch of the Frodus web-presence and consolidation of its MySpace entities, the site is an ongoing project of archiving all known interviews, previous website designs, press clippings, and digital transfers for media content. Shelby Cinca also began remastering out-of-print releases and adding them to the iTunes library, in 2010, Frodus released a new 7″ of material, Soundlab 1, recorded in 2009 with Liam Wilson on bass, as a limited edition 7″ vinyl on Lovitt Records. In 2015, there were rumours of a reissue of the final album. Gordon Liddy Show Call Soundlab 1 Compilation Appearances Squirrel – 22-d10 The Art of Rocketry – Malcontent It Goes Without Saying – Dec, – There Will Be No More Scum Torch Benefit – Suspicion Breeds Confidence Frodus
27.
EMI
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EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
28.
The Colbert Report
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The show focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. The character, described by Colbert as a well-intentioned, poorly informed, furthermore, the show satirized conservative personality-driven political talk programs, particularly Fox Newss The OReilly Factor. The Colbert Report is a spin-off of Comedy Centrals The Daily Show, the program was created by Colbert, Jon Stewart, and Ben Karlin. The shows writing was grounded in improvisation, and often lampooned current events stories, the shows structure also included a guest interview, in which the Colbert character attempts to deconstruct his opponents argument. The show was taped in New York Citys Hells Kitchen neighborhood, the show was taped and broadcast Monday through Thursday, with weeks taken off at multiple points in a given year for breaks. The Colbert Report saw immediate critical and ratings successes, leading to various awards, the shows cultural influence—which occasionally would require a fair degree of participation from the show’s audience, dubbed the Colbert Nation—extended beyond the program a number of times. This impact included the running for U. S. In addition, the show inspired various forms of multimedia, including music, the Colbert Report satirized conservative personality-driven political pundit programs, and focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. Colbert joined Comedy Centrals The Daily Show in 1997, a year following its launch, when Jon Stewart became the programs host in 1999, The Daily Show developed a markedly different style, bringing a sharper political focus to the humor than the show previously exhibited. Colbert recalled that Stewart specifically asked him to have a political viewpoint, Colbert became a fixture on The Daily Show, occasionally hosting in Stewarts absence. In 2003, the program began running advertisements for a program titled The Colbert Réport. When fellow Daily Show star Steve Carell left to pursue a film and television career and he pitched The Colbert Report to the channel in 2004. Stewart pushed Comedy Central to pick up the show, and Colbert was given an eight-week tryout, following the shows immediate success, the show quickly became a fixture in the late-night lineup. At its peak, the show averaged 1.5 million viewers each evening, the fictional Colbert anchorman character became gradually toned down over the course of the shows run, as the host believed he would eventually need to move beyond it. He began to regard it as an act of discipline to perform as the character, he remarked, to model behavior. It became very hard to watch punditry of any kind, of whatever political stripe. With his contract set to end in December 2014, he had decided to leave the show when he was contacted by CBS to replace David Letterman as the host of its Late Show franchise. The shows ending was announced concurrently with Colberts jump to CBS in April 2014, the last episode aired on December 18,2014
29.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
30.
This Too Shall Pass (OK Go song)
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This Too Shall Pass is a song by American rock band OK Go. It was released as the single from their third studio album, Of the Blue Colour of the Sky. The band took the route of creating two official music videos for the song, both of which premiered on YouTube. The first features a performance of the song in collaboration with the University of Notre Dame Marching Band. The second features a giant Rube Goldberg machine, constructed to operate in time with the song, difficulties in marketing and distribution of the videos with their corporate label, EMI, led the band to form their own independent label shortly after the videos releases. The first video for the song was released on YouTube on January 12,2010, to coincide with the release of the album, directed by Brian L. Perkins, it was filmed in October,2009, in South Bend, Indiana. The video is unusual in that it does not feature the album version of the song. Rather, it features a recording that was actually performed live during filming of the video. OK Gos Tim Nordwind noted that the song lent itself well to large orchestration, in the video, the members of OK Go are seen in a field wearing marching band garb. The uniforms were originally from Rochelle Township High School of Rochelle and they begin to march, and as the song progresses, the band is joined by members of the University of Notre Dames Marching Band many of whom rise up camouflaged in ghillie suits. They are also joined in the chorus by a childrens choir cobbled together from two local South Bend preschools. Like many of their videos, the marching band video was shot in one take. The marching band video was created to bridge the time between the release of the album and the completion of the Rube Goldberg video. The band had planned to release the marching band version after the debut of the Rube Goldberg video. The second music video for This Too Shall Pass was directed by James Frost, as the song and machine operate, the members of the band are seen singing alongside the machine, with the members being shot at by paint guns at the songs finale. Parts of the machine are synchronized in time with the music, in one instance, one part of the machine shows the Here It Goes Again video on a television before it is smashed by the machine. The MAKE magazine 1993 Ford Escort racecar, used for the 24 Hours of LeMons, alongside the LEGO car, several LEGO mini-figurines are displayed as a reference to the marching band video. They sought help through online science message boards, eventually coming in contact with Syyn Labs, Damian Kulashs father also participated in the machines construction
31.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
32.
Sony BMG CD copy protection scandal
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A scandal erupted in 2005 regarding Sony BMGs implementation of deceptive, illegal, and harmful copy protection measures on about 22 million CDs. When inserted into a computer, the CDs installed one of two pieces of software provided a form of digital rights management by modifying the operating system to interfere with CD copying. Neither program could easily be uninstalled, and they created vulnerabilities that were exploited by unrelated malware, Sony BMG initially denied that the rootkits were harmful. In August 2000, statements by Sony Pictures Entertainment US senior VP Steve Heckler foreshadowed the events of late 2005, Heckler told attendees at the Americas Conference on Information Systems The industry will take whatever steps it needs to protect itself and protect its revenue streams. It will not lose that revenue stream, no matter what, Sony is going to take aggressive steps to stop this. We will develop technology that transcends the individual user and we will firewall Napster at source - we will block it at your cable company. We will block it at your phone company and we will block it at your ISP. We will firewall it at your PC and these strategies are being aggressively pursued because there is simply too much at stake. In Europe, BMG created a scandal in 2001 when it released Natalie Imbruglias second album, White Lilies Island. Russinovich compared the software to a due to its surreptitious installation. He noted that the EULA does not mention the software, and he asserted emphatically that the software is illegitimate, anti-virus firm F-Secure concurred, Although the software isnt directly malicious, the used rootkit hiding techniques are exactly the same used by malicious software to hide themselves. The DRM software will cause many false alarms with all AV software that detect rootkits. Thus it is inappropriate for commercial software to use these techniques. Russinovich discovered numerous problems with XCP, It creates security holes that can be exploited by malicious software such as worms or viruses and it constantly runs in the background and excessively consumes system resources, slowing down the users computer, regardless of whether there is a protected CD playing. It employs unsafe procedures to start and stop, which could lead to system crashes and it has no uninstaller, and is installed in such a way that inexpert attempts to uninstall it can lead to the operating system to fail to recognize existing drives. Soon after Russinovichs first post, there were several trojans and worms exploiting XCPs security holes, some people even used the vulnerabilities to cheat in online games. Russinovich noted that the removal program merely unmasked the hidden files installed by the rootkit and he also reported that it installed additional software that could not be uninstalled. In order to download the uninstaller, he found it was necessary to provide an e-mail address, on November 18,2005, Sony BMG provided a new and improved removal tool to remove the rootkit component of XCP from affected Microsoft Windows computers
33.
United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent
34.
Net neutrality
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Research suggests that a combination of policy instruments will help realize the range of valued political and economic objectives central to the network neutrality debate. Network neutrality is the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally, Internet traffic includes all of the different messages, files and data sent over the Internet, including, for example, emails, digital audio files, digital video files, etc. The idea of an open Internet is the idea that the resources of the Internet and means to operate on it should be easily accessible to all individuals, companies. This often includes ideas such as net neutrality, open standards, transparency, lack of Internet censorship, a closed Internet refers to the opposite situation, in which established persons, corporations or governments favor certain uses. A closed Internet may have restricted access to necessary web standards, artificially degrade some services, some countries block certain websites or types of sites and monitor and/or censor Internet use using Internet police, a specialized type of law enforcement or secret police. The concept of a network made up of dumb pipes has been around since at least the early 1990s. The term dumb network refers to a network which is set up, in 2013 the software company MetroTech Net, Inc. coined the term dumb wave, which is the 2010s-era application of the dumb pipe concept to the ubiquitous wireless network. The end-to-end principle is a principle of design was first set out in the 1981 paper End-to-end arguments in system design by Jerome H. Saltzer, David P. Reed. They argued that reliable systems tend to require end-to-end processing to operate correctly and this leads to the model of a minimal dumb network with smart terminals, a completely different model from the previous paradigm of the smart network with dumb terminals. The end-to-end principle is related, and sometimes seen as a direct precursor to the principle of net neutrality. Traffic shaping is the control of network traffic to optimize or guarantee performance, improve latency. In practice, traffic shaping is accomplished by throttling certain types of data. More specifically, traffic shaping is any action on a set of packets which imposes additional delay on those packets such that they conform to some predetermined constraint. If the core of a network has more bandwidth than is permitted to enter at the edges, for example, landline telephone network employs admission control to limit user demand on the network core by refusing to create a circuit for the requested connection. During a natural disaster, for example, most users will get a signal if they pick up a landline phone, as the phone company prioritizes 9-1-1. Over-provisioning is a form of statistical multiplexing that makes liberal estimates of peak user demand, over-provisioning is used in private networks such as WebEx and the Internet 2 Abilene Network, an American university network. David Isenberg believes that continued over-provisioning will always provide more capacity for less expense than QoS, discrimination by protocol is the favoring or blocking information based on aspects of the communications protocol that the computers are using to communicate. Comcast admitted no wrongdoing in its settlement of up to US$16 dollars per share in December 2009
35.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
36.
Andy Ross
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Andrew Andy Ross, is an American musician most famous as guitarist, keyboardist and vocalist for the rock band OK Go since 2005. He is also behind a project, Secret Dakota Ring. Ross is also co-founder of Serious Business Records, a label under which Secret Dakota Ring publish their records, Ross was also the bassist for a brief stint in early 2000s indie band Cold Memory, and was also the headliner for The A-Ross Experience. Other early bands include Phter, D-Funky and the Beechmont Chilles, in 2004 he released an album, Do Not Leave The Baggage All The Way, under the solo project name Secret Dakota Ring. Ross described his album as a break up album at a Google artists performance. In early 2005 he became a member of OK Go after auditioning to replace the former guitarist and keyboardist Andy Duncan. A second Secret Dakota Ring album, entitled Cantarell, was released on November 11,2008, Secret Dakota Ring has released two studio albums, Do Not Leave Baggage All the Way Cantarell Band blog
37.
Andy Duncan (musician)
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Andy Scott Duncan is an American musician, best known for being a founding member of the Chicago band OK Go, playing lead guitar and keyboards. He appears on their first two albums, the eponymous OK Go and its follow-up album Oh No and he was in a band from Chicago, Parks & Gardens, with Joshua R. Davison and Nathan T. Tucker. He also played bass on the Frodus album Fireflies, released in 1995, after relocating to San Francisco to develop the Seahorse Liberation Army, Duncan produced for Sound Arts a studio in San Francisco started by SFAI students. He produced music with the Seahorse Liberation Army and Echo Wild and he produced tracks inside the actress Cheryl Millers of Daktaris home for 28 days in 2010 with conceptual artist Erik Seidenglanz to develop Compact 86 still unreleased. Andy Duncan was the producer for Matt Fishbecks You made my dreams come true 12-inch record, alternate versions from the Sound Art sessions exist. Most recently he scored and sound designed the new media interactive iPad graphic novel CIA, Duncan studied classical guitar and music theory at Northwestern University, and graduated with a degree in Academic Studies of Music in 1998. Andy Duncans father, Dr. Jim Duncan, is a Mechanical Engineering professor at the University of Maryland, Duncan now resides in Los Angeles, California
38.
Bonerama
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Bonerama is a brass funk rock band from New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Bonerama was formed in 1998 by trombone players Mark Mullins and Craig Klein, shortly thereafter, they added trombone players Steve Suter, Brian ONeill, and Rick Trolsen, sousaphone player Matt Perrine, guitarist Bert Cotton, and drummer Eric Bolivar. New Orleans drummers Russell Batiste, Stanton Moore, Doug Belote, Chad Gilmore, Terence Higgins, later, Charlie Kruger electric bass replaced Matt Perrine. Bonerama trombonist Brian ONeill had an attack and died while on a solo piano gig in New Orleans in December 2005. Bonerama released their album in 2001, to positive reviews from OffBeat magazine, Gambit Weekly. They had their first tour of the East Coast to sold-out venues, rolling Stone editor David Fricke, in his On the Edge column, wrote about them as the ultimate in brass balls. On January 2,2008, Bonerama performed the anthem at the 2008 Sugar Bowl. On February 5, they released a joint EP with OK Go, entitled Youre Not Alone, on February 11,2008, Bonerama performed A Million Ways with Damian Kulash of OK Go on the Late Show with David Letterman. After the departure of Rick Trolsen and Steve Suter in early 2009, in time, the three trombonists became one of the most in-demand horn sections in New Orleans and began to appear under the name The Bonerama Horns. The Bonerama Horns appear on songs on Alec Ounsworths 2009 release Mo Beauty, R. E. M. s 2010 release Collapse into Now
39.
Twelve Days of OK Go
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Twelve Days of OK Go is a compilation album by American rock band OK Go. It was released on December 31,2012, OK Go started releasing the songs on December 10, with one song released each weekday. The last song, a cover of Any Time at All, was released on Christmas, a bonus track, a cover of This Will Be Our Year, was released on New Years Eve
40.
Get Over It (OK Go song)
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Get Over It is the first single released by OK Go from their self-titled debut album. It was released as a single in the US in 2002 and was released in the UK in March 2003 which got the band their first Top of the Pops performance on April 4,2003. Youre So Damn Hot appeared on the bands first album, the b-side Antmusic was previously released on the bands Pink EP in 2000 while Bruise Grey is a remake of one of the bands earlier songs which had appeared on their demo disc. This song was part of the Madden NFL2003 and Triple Play 2002 soundtracks. A music video was made in 2002 and it features the band performing the song in a large recreation hall. Various objects are shown from time to time such as garbage bags, a wedge of cheese, deer heads, furniture. The song is stopped in the middle to show a shot of the band playing ping-pong, the video was directed by Francis Lawrence and was released through the bands website on August 1,2002. It first aired on MTV on September 2,2002, –2,43 Its Tough to Have a Crush When the Boy Doesnt Feel the Same Way You Do –2,07 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
41.
Don't Ask Me (OK Go song)
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Dont Ask Me is the second UK single released by OK Go in 2003 from their self-titled debut album. Its Tough to Have a Crush was originally released on the bands Brown EP, get over It is a live recording from BBC Radio 1 of the bands previous single, which became a hit in the UK earlier that year. The song was featured in the 2004 film Catch That Kid and in the TV series Smallville and The Inbetweeners. Dont Ask Me Get Over It Its Tough To Have A Crush Dont Ask Me Its Tough to Have a Crush The first music video for the song is known as the Dance Booth version or The Orange version. It was directed by Brian L. Perkins and depicts the band and it was shot during their 2002 summer tour with The Vines. A second video was made to promote the single in 2003 in the UK and this video was directed by Barnaby Roper in 2003 and features the band performing the song in an empty white room with a line of female dancers who feature prominently. The video is in monochrome save for random stripes in the background which are in pink or orange
42.
A Million Ways
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A Million Ways is a song by rock band OK Go from their album Oh No. It was the first song from the album to be released as a single, the Lovecats, a cover of The Cures hit single, had been released on the bands previous EP and was released for a third time on the single for Here It Goes Again. Down for the Count had not been released, but was released as a single on iTunes in 2007. The song appeared as a track in the game Band Hero. The song also appeared in the 2007 film I Could Never Be Your Woman, the songs vocals are lip-synced in the video by bassist Tim Nordwind instead of Damian, following the format from the dance choreographed for the song C-C-C-Cinnamon Lips, which Tim sings. The footage was not intended to be released as the music video. It premiered on Fuse on August 18,2005, the band was inspired by music videos such as Janet Jacksons Rhythm Nation and film The Matrix for the videos choreography. On July 18,2006, OK Go unveiled The OK Go Dances With You Contest in which contestants submitted their pastiches of the video on YouTube, the winners would dance live with the band at one of their concerts. The contest ended on August 31,2006, a compilation of these submissions was added on the DVD for the Deluxe Edition of Oh No. The routine has been performed by the band on many occasions and they performed it on Mad TV and Soccer AM. They also performed the number in Paris, France to promote their French website, a Million Ways video on YouTube
43.
Do What You Want (OK Go song)
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Do What You Want is a song by the Grammy Award-winning rock band OK Go from their second album, Oh No. It is the single off the album released in the UK. The b-sides include live versions of Get Over It and Invincible as well as a version of Oh Lately Its So Quiet. A first video was made in June 2005 in Los Angeles, a total of thirty-five DV cameras, set up by Gondry and his crew, were used to achieve the desired panning effects. Another video was released through the website only available to their Juggling Club members. This features live performances interspliced with the band lip-syncing the song in various parts and this was directed by Scott Keiner and was probably made in late 2005 or early 2006 during the bands tour. A third video was made to promote the single release and this version is known as the Wallpaper version, as it has the band and a large group of extras in zentai-styled bodysuits that match the wallpaper on the wall of the set in which the video is filmed. Directed by OK Go and Blip Boutique, it is perhaps the most well-known music video for the song, the video was premiered on MTVs Total Request Live on February 15,2007 with all day premieres on MTVu and MTV Hits. The song was played in a commercial for the Fox show Back to You, starring Kelsey Grammer, the song was featured in a JC Penney commercial. The song is on the soundtrack for the game NHL2006, the song is on the soundtrack for the game Thrillville, Off the Rails. The song has featured in several video games, including Burnout Revenge, Burnout Legends, Guitar Hero, On Tour. The song is featured as a feature on the DVD for the film Juno where the cast and crew dance. The song was featured in commercials for the movie Space Chimps, the song is played on the AT&T website on a display for quick messaging cell phones. The song was featured in a commercial for Comcast Xfinity, the song was covered by Nataly Dawn on her channel on YouTube
