1.
Motion Picture Association of America
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The Motion Picture Association of America is an American trade association that represents the six major Hollywood studios. It was founded in 1922 as the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America to advance the interests of its members. In its formative years it took on the role of devising guidelines for content which resulted in the creation of the Production Code. More recently, the MPAA has advocated for the picture and television industry through lobbying to protect creative content from piracy. The MPAA has long worked to curb copyright infringement, including recent attempts to limit the sharing of copyrighted works via peer-to-peer file-sharing networks, former Democratic Senator Chris Dodd is the chairman and CEO. The MPAA was founded as the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America in 1922 as an association of member motion picture companies. At its founding, MPPDA member companies produced approximately 70 to 80 percent of the made in the United States. Former Postmaster General Will H. Hays was named the associations first president, the MPPDA also instituted a code of conduct for Hollywoods actors in an attempt to govern their behavior offscreen. Finally, the sought to protect American film interests abroad by encouraging film studios to avoid racist portrayals of foreigners. From the early days of the association, Hays spoke out against public censorship, large portions of the public both opposed censorship, but also decried the lack of morals in movies. At the time of the MPPDAs founding, there was no censorship, but some state and municipal laws required movies to be censored. Thus, in locations in the US, films were often edited to comply with local laws regarding the onscreen portrayal of violence and sexuality. This resulted in publicity for the studios and decreasing numbers of theater goers. In 1929, more than 50 percent of American moviegoers lived in a location overseen by such a board, the Formula requested that studios send synopses of films being considered to the MPDDA for review. This effort largely failed, however, as studios were under no obligation to send their scripts to Hayss office, in 1927, Hays oversaw the creation of a code of Donts and Be Carefuls for the industry. This list outlined the issues that movies could encounter in different localities, Hays also created a Studio Relations Department with staff available to the studios for script reviews and advice regarding potential problems. In 1930, the MPPDA introduced the Production Code, sometimes called the Hays Code, the Code consisted of moral guidelines regarding what was acceptable to include in films. Unlike the Donts and Be Carefuls, which the studios had ignored, the Code incorporated many of the Donts and Be Carefuls as specific examples of what could not be portrayed
2.
Jack Valenti
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Jack Joseph Valenti was a longtime president of the Motion Picture Association of America. During his 38-year tenure in the MPAA, he created the MPAA film rating system, Valenti was born on September 5,1921 in Houston, Texas, the son of Italian immigrants. During World War II, he was a first lieutenant in the United States Army Air Force, Valenti flew 51 combat missions as the pilot-commander of a B-25 medium bomber and received four decorations, including the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. Valenti graduated from the University of Houston in 1946 with a BBA, during his time there, he worked on the staff of the university newspaper, The Daily Cougar, and was president of the universitys student government. Valenti would later serve on the board of regents. In 1952, he and a partner named Weldon Weekley founded Weekley & Valenti, in 1956, Valenti met then Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson. Weekley & Valenti branched out into political consulting and added Representative Albert Thomas, in 1960, Valentis firm assisted in the Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign. Following the assassination of President Kennedy, Valenti was present in the photograph of Lyndon Johnsons swearing in aboard Air Force One. He then became the first special assistant to Johnsons White House, Valenti later called Johnson the most single dominating human being that Ive ever been in contact with and the single most intelligent man Ive ever known. In a speech before the American Advertising Federation in 1965, Valenti said, I sleep each night a little better, a little more confidently, because Lyndon Johnson is my president. Valenti later attacked film director Oliver Stone for the 1991 movie JFK. Valenti called the movie a monstrous charade and said, I could not live with myself if I stood by mutely and let some filmmaker soil his memory. With Valentis arrival in Hollywood, the pair were lifelong allies, mr Valenti was a consummate salesman, who like all great salesmen. Worked himself up into believing the truth of his clients message, was a great actor working on the stage of Washington DC on behalf of an industry that appreciated his craft, but that never let him forget that the message was theirs and not his. In 1968, Valenti created the MPAA film rating system, the system initially comprised four distinct ratings, G, M, R, and X. The M rating would soon be replaced by GP, which was changed to PG. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography industry, Films such as Midnight Cowboy and A Clockwork Orange were assumed to be pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17 rating was introduced as an adults only replacement for the non-trademarked X-rating. The PG-13 rating was added in 1984 to provide a range of distinction for audiences
3.
Chris Dodd
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Christopher John Chris Dodd is an American lobbyist, lawyer, and Democratic Party politician who served as a United States Senator from Connecticut for a thirty-year period from 1981 to 2011. Dodd is a Connecticut native and a graduate of Georgetown Preparatory School in Bethesda, Maryland and his father, Thomas J. Dodd, was also a United States Senator from 1959 to 1971. Chris Dodd served in the Peace Corps for two prior to entering the University of Louisville School of Law, and during law school concurrently served in the United States Army Reserve. Dodd returned to Connecticut, winning election in 1974 to the United States House of Representatives from Connecticuts 2nd congressional district and was reelected in 1976 and 1978 and he was elected United States Senator in the elections of 1980, and is the longest-serving senator in Connecticuts history. Dodd served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1995 to 1997. He served as Chairman of the Senate Banking Committee until his retirement, in 2006, Dodd decided to run for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States, but eventually withdrew after running behind several other competitors. In January 2010, Dodd announced that he would not run for re-election, Dodd was succeeded by fellow Democrat Richard Blumenthal. On March 1,2011, the Motion Picture Association of America announced that Dodd will head that organization, Dodd was born in Willimantic, Connecticut. His parents were Grace Mary Dodd and U. S, Senator Thomas Joseph Dodd, all eight of his great-grandparents were born in Ireland. Dodd attended Georgetown Preparatory School, a Jesuit boys school in Bethesda and he graduated with a bachelors degree in English literature from Providence College in 1966. He served as a Peace Corps volunteer in a rural town in the Dominican Republic from 1966 to 1968. While there, he became fluent in Spanish, Dodd then pursued his law degree and was awarded his Juris Doctor from the University of Louisville in 1972. He also joined the United States Army Reserve, serving until 1975, Dodd was part of the Watergate class of 74 which CNN pundit David Gergen credited with bringing a fresh burst of liberal energy to the Capitol. Elected to the U. S. House of Representatives from Connecticuts 2nd congressional district and reelected twice, during his tenure in the House, he served on the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations. Dodd was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1980, and was reelected in 1986,1992,1998. He is the first senator from Connecticut to serve five consecutive terms, during the 1994 elections, the Republicans won the majority in both houses of Congress. Dodd therefore entered the minority for the time in his Senate career. He ran for the now vacant position of Senate Minority Leader, the vote was tied 23–23, and it was Colorado Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell who cast the deciding vote by absentee ballot in favor of Daschle
4.
United States Secretary of Agriculture
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The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The current Acting Secretary is Mike Young, who has held the office since the inauguration of Donald Trump on January 20,2017, the position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments. The 297,000 mi2 of national forests and grasslands are managed by the United States Forest Service, the safety of food produced that are produced in the United States and sold here is ensured by the United States Food Safety and Inspection Service. The Food Stamp Program works with the states to provide food to low-income people, advice for farmers and gardeners is provided by the United States Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. The Washington Post reports that he said There are days when I have literally nothing to do, president Obama asked him to stay and asked him to look into the problem of opioid addiction. The following is a list of Secretaries of Agriculture, since the creation of the office in 1889, parties Democratic Republican As of April 2017, there are nine living former Secretaries of Agriculture, the oldest being Robert Bergland. The most recent Secretary of Agriculture to die was Clayton Yeutter, the most recently serving Secretary to die was Edward Rell Madigan on December 7,1994. United States Department of Agriculture website
5.
Bill Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
6.
Mike Espy
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Alphonso Michael Mike Espy is a United States Democratic politician. From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U. S. House of Representatives from Mississippi, from 1993 to 1994 he was selected to be the Secretary of Agriculture by president Bill Clinton. He was both the first African American and first person from the Deep South in that position and he was indicted in 1997 for receiving improper gifts, but acquitted of all 30 charges in 1998. Espy was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi, Espy attended Howard University in Washington, D. C. and was active in student politics, holding several elective positions. He earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978 and he was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the Assistant Secretary of State to Mississippi Legal Services. From 1980 to 1984 Espy was the Assistant Secretary of the State to the Public Lands Division, Espy became Assistant State Attorney General from 1984 to 1985, when he was elected as a Democrat to the 100th Congress in 1986 from Mississippis 2nd congressional district. He defeated two-term Republican Webb Franklin to become the first African-American to represent Mississippi at the level since Reconstruction. Just 20 days after taking office for his term, Espy resigned after being appointed Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinet of President Bill Clinton. He served as Secretary of Agriculture in 1993–94, Espy crossed the party line to endorse Republican Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour in his re-election campaign in November 2007. In 2008, Espy became an attorney at Morgan & Morgan law firm where he handles general plaintiff’s law, mass tort, bond and governmental finance, and international relations cases. One of his case is Pigford lawsuit where Espy worked in conjunction with a black farmers advocacy group. On August 27,1997, Espy was indicted on charges of receiving gifts, including sports tickets, lodging. Espy refused to bargain and on December 2,1998. Independent Counsel Donald Smaltz presented more than 70 witnesses in the trial, the defense rested without calling any witnesses, stating simply that the prosecution had not proved its case. The jury deliberated less than 10 hours before finding Espy not guilty on all charges, one of the jurors stated This was the weakest, most bogus thing I ever saw. I cant believe Mr. Smaltz ever brought this to trial, at least four other jurors echoed this view, though with softer words. During testimony before the jury, the star witness told Smaltz in front of the jury, God knows, if I had $30 million, I could find dirt on you. During the trial, Smaltz protested that the defense was injecting race into the trial in what he saw as an appeal to a mostly black jury
7.
Ann Veneman
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Ann Margaret Veneman was the Executive Director of UNICEF from 2005 to 2010. Her appointment was announced on January 18,2005 by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, previously, Veneman was the United States Secretary of Agriculture, the first and only woman to hold that position. Veneman served as USDA Secretary from January 20,2001 to January 20,2005 and she served in this position from May 1,2005. A lawyer, Veneman has practiced law in Washington, DC and California and she has also served in other high level positions in U. S. federal and state government, including being appointed Californias Secretary of Food and Agriculture, serving from 1995 to 1999. Veneman serves as a co-leader of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center and she is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Veneman was raised on a farm in Modesto, California. Her father, John Veneman, was former undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare and she has also been awarded honorary doctoral degrees from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Lincoln University, Delaware State University and Middlebury College. Veneman began her career as a staff attorney with the General Counsels office of the Bay Area Rapid Transit District in Oakland, California. In 1978, she returned to Modesto, where she served as a Deputy Public Defender, in 1980, she joined the Modesto law firm of Damrell, Damrell and Nelson, where she was an associate and later a partner. Veneman joined the United States Department of Agricultures Foreign Agricultural Service in 1986, during this time she worked on the Uruguay Round talks for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. She subsequently served as Deputy Undersecretary of Agriculture for International Affairs, from 1991 to 1993, she served as United States Department of Agricultures Deputy Secretary, the first woman appointed as the Departments second-highest-ranking official. In 1995 Veneman re-entered government, when she was appointed Secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture, from 1999 to 2001 Veneman was an attorney with Nossaman LLP, where she focused her attention on food, agriculture, environment, technology, and trade related issues. On 20 January 2001 she was confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in as Secretary of Agriculture. Veneman has received awards and distinctions throughout her career. In 2009 Veneman was named to the Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women list, in 2009 she received the Award of Distinction from the University of California Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Veneman is an Honorary Member of Rotary International, received Sesame Workshop’s Leadership Award for Children, additional awards include the Richard E. In 2001 Veneman received the Outstanding Woman in International Trade Award, the UC Davis Outstanding Alumna of the Year Award, in 1995 she received a Cal Aggie Alumni Citation for Excellence and the Kiwanis Club of Greater Modesto National Farm-City Week Award. Veneman is currently a member of Malaria No More, a New York-based nonprofit that was launched at the 2006 White House Summit with the goal of ending all deaths caused by malaria
8.
Dave McCurdy
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David Keith Dave McCurdy is an American lawyer, politician, lobbyist and former Congressman from Oklahomas 4th congressional district. McCurdy is currently president of the American Gas Association, McCurdy was born in the town of Canadian, Texas. He received a degree from the University of Oklahoma in 1972. He studied international economics at Scotlands University of Edinburgh as a Rotary International Graduate Fellow, McCurdy served in the United States Air Force Reserve, attaining the rank of major and serving as a Judge Advocate General. He was an Assistant Attorney General for the State of Oklahoma from 1975-77, McCurdy served for seven terms, from 1981-95. In 1980 he ran for Oklahomas 4th congressional district seat in Congress and he trailed Oklahoma House Majority Leader James B. Townsend, also from Shawnee, in the Democratic primary 40% to 34%, McCurdy defeated Townsend with campaign commercials espousing prayer in public and support for a statue of Jesus Christ in the Wichita mountains, near Lawton. He defeated Republican Howard Rutledge 74,245 to 71,339 in the general election and he won a third term in 1984 by defeating Jerry Smith 109,447 to 60,844, with Libertarian Gordon Mobley picking up 1% of the vote. After winning 81. 9% of the Democratic primary vote in 1986, McCurdy had no Republican opponent in 1988, and won in 1990 with 73. 6% of the vote in the general election. In 1992 he received 70. 7% of the final tally, McCurdy founded and chaired a group of moderate and conservative House Democrats called the Mainstreet Forum. At its height in 1994, it counted seventy-two members, in Congress, McCurdy played a major role in the following pieces of legislation, the 1988 National Superconductivity Competitiveness Act, the 1985 Goldwater-Nichols Act, which re-organized the U. S. In the 1990s, McCurdy was a chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council. McCurdy was seen as a national star. During the speech, McCurdy 2000 signs could be seen in the crowd, following Clintons election, McCurdy was considered for United States Secretary of Defense, a job which ultimately went to Les Aspin. McCurdy was offered the role of Director of Central Intelligence, senator David Boren decided to leave the U. S. Senate before the expiration of his term, McCurdy decided not to seek re-election to the House of Representatives, instead, he ran for the Senate. He campaigned on military preparedness and family values and he lost the general election to fellow congressman Jim Inhofe, whose campaign ads played clips of McCurdys speech seconding Clintons nomination for president. McCurdy took only 39 percent of the vote, and even lost his own congressional district and he sent his congressional records and papers to the Carl Albert Center for Congressional Studies at the University of Oklahoma. McCurdy was chairman and chief officer of the McCurdy Group LLC
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Larry Combest
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Larry Ed Combest is a retired Texas Republican U. S. politician who was a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1985 to 2003. Combest was born in Memphis, Texas, a town in West Texas. In 1969, he earned his bachelor of business degree from West Texas State University in Canyon. His family operated a farm for four generations, in 1971, he served briefly as director of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He then became assistant to Republican U. S. Senator John Tower from 1971 to 1978, having left after Tower won his fourth, from 1978 until his election to Congress six years later, Combest was in private business. In 1984, Democratic Congressman Kent Hance did not run for a fourth term, Combest won the Republican nomination in a runoff over fellow Lubbock conservative Ron Fleming. Combest was elected in November amid Ronald Reagans landslide reelection victory that year, Democratic presidential nominee Walter F. Mondale barely managed 20 percent of the vote in much of the district. Combest received 102,805 votes to 74,044 for the Democrat Don R. Richards, Combest was only the third person to represent the 19th District since its creation in 1934. He was also the first Republican, Combest was thus one of six freshmen Republican congressmen elected from Texas in 1984 known as the Texas Six Pack. Although the 19th had become friendly to Republicans over the years, conservative Democrats continued to win most races at the state. He was reelected nine times with no substantive Democratic opposition and he ran unopposed in 1990 and 1994 and with no major-party opposition in 2000 and 2002. Combest served as chairman of the House Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress, after the deaths of his father and a daughter within a short period of time, Combest announced his pending resignation on November 12,2002 – a week after winning a tenth term. He said that he and his wife, Sharon, realize how fragile life and they certainly caused us to rearrange our priorities and we want to spend as much time together while we have our life and health. He resigned from the House on May 31,2003, fellow Republican Randy Neugebauer won the special election to replace Combest and was sworn into office on June 3,2003. One of Combests interns, Morgan Meyer, was in 2014 elected as a Republican to the Texas House of Representatives from District 108 in Dallas County, biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Official Congressional biography at the Wayback Machine Appearances on C-SPAN
10.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
11.
Kansas
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Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
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Kansas's 4th congressional district
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Kansass 4th Congressional District is a Congressional District in the U. S. state of Kansas. Based in the central part of the state, the district encompasses the city of Wichita. The district currently has no representative and it was represented by Republican Mike Pompeo, until he became the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency on January 23,2017. In the 2016 national elections, the Districts Republican nominees for President and Congressman overwhelmingly defeated the Democratic nominees, in 2012, a feud between conservative and moderate Republicans in the Kansas Legislature stymied progress on mandatory decennial redistricting. With elections approaching, the federal courts intervened and drew the boundaries, shifting the Fourth District westward. Most of the approximately 670,000 citizens of the Fourth District reside in the states largest city, Wichita, nearly all live within the Wichita MSA. The rest live in towns and rural areas in adjacent counties. Following redistricting after the 2000 U. S. Census, there were 672,101 people,261,106 households, the population density was 70. 5/mi² over a land area of 9,531 square miles. There were 285,830 housing units at a density of 30. 0/mi². Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 57% of the population,27. 62% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 99% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the family size was 3.10. In the district the population distribution by age is 27. 69% under the age of 18,9. 13% from 18 to 24,28. 98% from 25 to 44,21. 19% from 45 to 64, the median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females there were 97.32 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.67 males. The median income for a household in the district is $40,917, males had a median income of $36,701 versus $25,237 for females. The per capita income for the district was $20,041, about 7. 0% of families and 9. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 1% of those under age 18 and 7. 6% of those age 65 or over. Among the population aged 16 years and older,66. 4% was in the labor force and 0. 6% were in the armed forces. Of the employed workers,12. 5% were government workers and 6. 7% were self-employed. Management, professional, and related occupations employed 31. 5% of the force and sales
13.
Garner E. Shriver
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Garner E. Shriver was a U. S. Born in Towanda, Kansas, Shriver attended the schools of Towanda. He moved to Wichita, Kansas, in 1925 and he was in the University of Wichita, B. A.1934, and Washburn Law School, LL. B. He worked for a company in Wichita from 1934 to 1936. He was a teacher at South Haven High School in 1936 and 1937 and he was admitted to the bar in Wichita in February 1940. He served for three years in the United States Navy as a man and officer from 1943 to 1946. State representative from 1947 to 1951, state senator from 1953 to 1960. Shriver was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the seven succeeding Congresses and he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1976 to the Ninety-fifth Congress. Minority staff director and legal counsel for the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee, Washington, March 1977 –1980, and general counsel from 1981 to 1982. He resumed the practice of law and he was a resident of Wichita, Kansas, until his death there on March 1,1998. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, retrieved on 2009-5-20 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
14.
Todd Tiahrt
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William Todd Tiahrt is an American politician who was the U. S. Representative for Kansass 4th congressional district from 1995 to 2011 and he is a member of the Republican Party. The district encompasses 11 counties in the central region of the state. He was succeeded by Republican Mike Pompeo, Tiahrt ran unsuccessfully in 2010 for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Sam Brownback. He lost to fellow Republican U. S, representative Jerry Moran of Hays, Kansas, 50%–45%. After the primary election, Tiahrt endorsed Moran for the general election, Tiahrt twice sought to regain his house seat. In 2014 he ran against Mike Pompeo in the Republican primary but was defeated, Tiahrt was born in Vermillion, South Dakota, the son of Marcine and Wilbur E. Tiahrt. He attended and earned a degree from Evangel College and received a Master of Business Administration from Missouri State University in Springfield. He worked for Boeing, where he worked on government contracts. Tiahrt was elected to the Kansas State Senate in 1992, after only one term, he won the Republican nomination for the 4th Congressional District and was elected in an upset over 18-year Democratic incumbent Dan Glickman. One factor in the win was the 1990s reapportionment, in which Hutchinson, Hutchinson was replaced with more reliably Republican Montgomery County. After a tough reelection bid in 1996, Tiahrt was reelected to the U. S. House six more times with little difficulty, before his unsuccessful U. S. Senate bid in 2010. Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and this precludes gun trace data from being used in academic research of gun use in crime. Additionally, the law blocks any data legally released from being admissible in civil lawsuits against gun sellers or manufacturers and these groups are trying to undo the Tiahrt Amendment. Numerous police organizations oppose the Tiahrt Amendment, such as the Major Cities Chiefs Association, conversely, the Tiahrt Amendment is supported by the National Rifle Association, and the Fraternal Order of Police. The National Rifle Association says that undoing the Tiahrt Amendment would lead to a rash of lawsuits against gun dealers. S, citizens from neighboring states have to pay. Kansas and Nebraska are two of the states currently offer in-state tuition to illegal immigrants. Tiahrt has opposed measures to sanction government-funded abortions, Tiahrt said tax funding of abortion would encourage women who are single parents, living below the poverty level, to have the opportunity for a free abortion
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Wichita, Kansas
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Wichita is the largest city in the state of Kansas and the 48th-largest city in the United States. Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita is the county seat of Sedgwick County, as of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 382,368, as of 2014, it was estimated to have increased to 389,965. In 2015, the population of the Wichita metropolitan area was 644,610. The city began as a trading post on the Chisholm Trail in the 1860s and it subsequently became a key destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads, earning it the nickname Cowtown. In the 1920s and 1930s, businessmen and aeronautical engineers established a number of aircraft manufacturing companies in Wichita including Beechcraft, Cessna. The city transformed into a hub of U. S. aircraft production, in 1937, the city of Wichita established their official flag. As an industrial hub and the largest city in the state, Wichita is a center of culture, media. It hosts several museums, theatres, parks, and entertainment venues. Several universities are located in the city including Wichita State University, the citys daily newspaper, The Wichita Eagle, has the highest circulation of any newspaper in Kansas, and the Wichita broadcast television market includes the western two-thirds of the state. Wichita is also home to the Century II Performing Arts & Convention Center and Kansass largest airport, archaeological evidence indicates human habitation near the confluence of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers, the site of present-day Wichita, as early as 3000 B. C. In 1541, a Spanish expedition led by explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado found the area populated by the Quivira, or Wichita, conflict with the Osage in the 1750s drove the Wichita further south. Prior to American settlement of the region, the site was located in the territory of the Kiowa, the Wichita returned in 1864 due to the American Civil War and established a settlement on the banks of the Little Arkansas. During this period, trader Jesse Chisholm established a trading post at the site, after the war, the Wichita permanently relocated south to Indian Territory. In 1868, trader James R. Mead established another trading post at the site, and surveyor Darius Munger built a house for use as a hotel, community center, Business opportunities attracted area hunters and traders, and a new settlement began to form. That summer, Mead and others organized the Wichita Town Company, in 1870, Munger and German immigrant William Dutch Bill Greiffenstein filed plats laying out the citys first streets. Wichita formally incorporated as a city on July 21,1870, Wichitas position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads which led to markets in eastern U. S. cities. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway reached the city in 1872, as a result, Wichita became a railhead for the cattle drives, earning it the nickname Cowtown. Across the Arkansas River, the town of Delano became an entertainment destination for cattlemen thanks to its saloons, brothels
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Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
17.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
18.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
19.
George Washington University
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The George Washington University is a private research university in Washington, D. C. GW is the largest institution of education in Washington, D. C. In his will, Washington left his 50 shares in the Potomac Company to help endow the university, however, due to the companys financial difficulties, the funding did not materialize. The university was chartered by an act of Congress on February 9,1821 and its name was changed to Columbian University in 1873 and to the George Washington University in 1904, in honor of Washington. GWs Graduate School of Political Management is the school of applied politics in the nations capital. GWs professional schools and the Elliott School of International Affairs are consistently ranked highly in national and international college rankings lists, the Princeton Review consistently ranks GW as one of the Most Politically Active schools. Some of the graduates have gone on to high positions within both the U. S. government and foreign governments. Notable alumni include former Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and he presented numerous letters to Congress and included the subject in his last will and testament. Baptist missionary and leading minister Luther Rice raised funds to purchase a site in Washington, the first commencement in 1824 was considered an important event for the young city of Washington, D. C. In attendance were President Monroe, John C, Calhoun, Henry Clay, Marquis de Lafayette and other dignitaries. During the Civil War, most students left to join the Confederacy, walt Whitman was among many of the volunteers to work on the campus. Following the war, in 1873, Columbian College became the Columbian University and moved to a downtown location centered on 15th and H streets. The university moved its operations to the D. C. neighborhood of Foggy Bottom in 1912. The George Washington University, like much of Washington, D. C. traces many of its origins back to the Freemasons, the Bible that the presidents of the university use to swear an oath on upon inauguration is the Bible of Freemason George Washington. Freemasonry symbols are displayed throughout the campus including the foundation stones of many of the university buildings. Many of the Colleges of the George Washington University stand out for their age, the Law School is the oldest law school in the District of Columbia. The School of Medicine and Health Sciences is the 11th oldest medical school in the nation, the Columbian College was founded in 1821, and is the oldest unit of the university. The Elliott School of International Affairs was formalized in 1898, the majority of the present infrastructure and financial stability at GW is due to the tenures of Presidents Cloyd Heck Marvin, Lloyd Hartman Elliott and Stephen Joel Trachtenberg
20.
Juris Doctor
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The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a masters degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States. The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a version of the old European doctor of law degree. Originating from the 19th century Harvard movement for the study of law. It involves a program in most jurisdictions. To be authorized to practice law in the courts of a state in the United States. Lawyers must, however, be admitted to the bar of the court before they are authorized to practice in that court. Admission to the bar of a district court includes admission to the bar of the related bankruptcy court. In the United States, the doctorate in law may be conferred in Latin or in English, as Juris Doctor and at some law schools Doctor of Law. Juris Doctor literally means Teacher of Law, while the Latin for Doctor of Jurisprudence—Jurisprudentiae Doctor—literally means Teacher of Legal Knowledge, the J. D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor. In institutions where the latter can be earned, e. g. D, the LL. D. is invariably an honorary degree in the United States. The first university in Europe, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the school in that city. This served as the model for law schools of the Middle Ages. While Bologna granted only doctorates, preparatory degrees were introduced in Paris, the nature of the J. D. can be better understood by a review of the context of the history of legal education in England. The teaching of law at Cambridge and Oxford Universities was mainly for philosophical or scholarly purposes, the universities taught only civil and canon law but not the common law that applied in most jurisdictions. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court-like practice and lecture, by the fifteenth century, the Inns functioned like a university akin to the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, though very specialized in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades, the importance of the role grew tremendously. The apprenticeship program for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the rules as the apprenticeship programs for the trades
21.
Harvard University
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Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. S. presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified
22.
Bipartisan Policy Center
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The Bipartisan Policy Center is a non-profit organization that drives principled solutions through rigorous analysis, reasoned negotiation, and respectful dialogue. It considers itself a think tank characterized by politically balanced policy making with strong, proactive advocacy, the Center was founded in 2007 by former Senate Majority Leaders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, Bob Dole, and George J. Mitchell. BPC currently has projects focused on policy, energy, health care and nutrition, housing, national security. Jason Grumet serves as president of BPC, prior to helping found the organization in 2007, Grumet directed the National Commission on Energy Policy. He was also an adviser on energy and the environment for the successful 2008 presidential campaign of then Senator Barack Obama. While BPC was formally launched in March 2007, the organizations roots trace back to 2002, on June 17,2009, BPCs Leaders Project on the State of American Health Care released a report, Crossing Our Lines, Working Together to Reform the U. S. Health System] The report, which came at the height of the health reform debate in the United States, laid out plans to help states establish insurance exchanges. Former Senate Majority Leaders and BPC Co-Founders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, on February 16,2010, BPC hosted Cyber ShockWave, a simulated cyber attack on the United States. The simulation, which was moderated by Wolf Blitzer and broadcast as a special on CNN, european Command Charles F. Wald as Secretary of Defense. BPC released a report summarizing the findings and recommendations from the simulation, on November 17,2010, BPCs Debt Reduction Task Force released its report, Restoring Americas Future, in an effort to influence the debate over the national debt. Their report was released two weeks prior to that of President Obamas National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform. On May 11,2011, former President of Colombia Álvaro Uribe spoke at BPC during an event to release a new report, Stabilizing Fragile States and he highlighted his administrations efforts to reform the countrys security services to combat extremist groups and gain the trust of the citizenry. On May 23,2011, House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer called for an approach to deficit reduction in a speech at BPC. On October 26,2011, BPC launched the Housing Commission, an effort led by Kit Bond, Henry Cisneros, Mel Martinez. On March 21,2012, BPC hosted A Century of Service at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, the event was a tribute to BPC founders and former Senate Majority Leaders Howard Baker and Bob Dole. Speakers included Vice President Joe Biden, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle, a BPC founder, and former Leaders Trent Lott and Bill Frist, both BPC Senior Fellows, also made remarks. To highlight the accomplishments and contributions of the honorees, BPC unveiled two short films that offer a glimpse into the careers of Baker and Dole. In April 2011, the Economic Policy Project released a budget enforcement mechanism called Save-as-you-Go or SAVEGO
23.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange
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The Chicago Mercantile Exchange is an American financial and commodity derivative exchange based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive. The CME was founded in 1898 as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board, originally, the exchange was a non-profit organization. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CME Group is Terrence A. Duffy, Bryan Durkin is President, on August 18,2008, shareholders approved a merger with the New York Mercantile Exchange and COMEX. The Merc, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX are now owned by the CME Group. Today, CME is the largest options and futures contracts open interest of any exchange in the world. The Merc trades several types of instruments, interest rates, equities, currencies. It also offers trading in alternative investments, such as weather, as a Designated Self-Regulatory Organization, the CME had primary regulatory-audit authority over firms such as MF Global. Trading is conducted in two methods, an open format and the CME Globex electronic trading platform. Approximately 90 percent of volume at the exchange occurs electronically on Globex. Operating during regular trading hours, the open outcry method consists of floor traders standing in a pit to call out orders, prices. Different colored jackets are worn by the traders to indicate what firm they are a part of, in addition, complex hand signals are used. These hand signals were first used in the 1970s, today, however, headsets are also used by the brokers to communicate with the traders. The pits are areas of the floor that are lowered to facilitate communication, the pits can be raised and lowered depending on trading volume. To an onlooker, the open system can look chaotic and confusing. An illustrated project to record the hand signal language used in CMEs trading pits has been compiled, operating virtually around the clock, today the CME Globex trading system is at the heart of CME. Proposed in 1987, it was introduced in 1992 as the first global electronic trading platform for futures contracts and this fully electronic trading system allows market participants to trade from booths at the exchange or while sitting in a home or office thousands of miles away. On 19 October 2004, the one billionth transaction was recorded, when Globex was first launched, it used Reuters technology and network. September 1998 saw the launch of the generation of Globex using a modified version of the NSC trading system
24.
World Food Programme
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The World Food Programme is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations and the worlds largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. According to the WFP, it provides assistance to an average of 80 million people in 75 countries each year. From its headquarters in Rome and from more than 80 country offices around the world and it is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee. The WFP was formally established in 1963 by the FAO and the United Nations General Assembly on an experimental basis. In 1965, the programme was extended to a continuing basis, the WFP is governed by an Executive Board which consists of representatives from 36 member states. Ertharin Cousin is the current Executive Director, appointed jointly by the UN Secretary General and she heads the Secretariat of the WFP. The European Union is a permanent observer in the WFP and, as a major donor and its vision is a world in which every man, woman and child has access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life. The WFP has a staff of about 11,500 people, the WFP strives to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, with the ultimate goal in mind of eliminating the need for food aid itself. Food-for-work programmes help promote environmental and economic stability and agricultural production, in 2013, the WFP reached 80.9 million people in 75 countries and provided 3.1 million tonnes of food, including nutritionally improved products such as Plumpysup, Plumpydoz, and Supercereal Plus. 7.8 million malnourished children received special support in 2013. The WFP has scaled up its use of cash and vouchers as food assistance tools,7.9 million people received assistance through cash or voucher programmes in 2013. In the same year, the WFP purchased food in 91 countries, among its other activities, the WFP has coordinated the five-year Purchase for Progress pilot project. Launched in September 2008, P4P assists smallholder farmers by offering opportunities to access agricultural markets. The project resulted in 366,000 metric tons of food produced and generated more than $148 million in income for its smallholder farmers. The WFP focuses its food assistance on those who are most vulnerable to hunger, which most frequently means women, children, the sick and the elderly. School-feeding and/or take-home ration programmes in 71 countries help students focus on their studies and encourage parents to send their children, especially girls, the WFP operations are funded by voluntary donations from world governments, corporations and private donors. The organizations administrative costs are only seven percent—one of the lowest and best among aid agencies, in 2011, the WFPs total revenue was $3.73 billion. From 2008-2012, private donors donated around $500 million, the Fast Information Technology and Telecommunications Emergency and Support Team is a small, elite, technical team of emergency responders within the IT division of the World Food Programme
25.
The Graduate School of Political Management
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The Graduate School of Political Management at the George Washington University is a school of political management and applied politics, strategic communications and civic engagement. It is the school of applied politics in Washington, D. C. The faculty train students of all political persuasions in how to win campaigns, advance legislative goals, GSPM is led by Mark Kennedy, former U. S. Congressman, presidential appointee, and corporate senior executive. GSPM was founded in 1987 as an independent graduate school chartered by the New York State Board of Regents, the schools first class convened on the Manhattan campus of Baruch College. The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences formally acquired GSPM in 1995, and in 2006, the moved into the College of Professional Studies. Designed for working professionals, classes meet in the evenings, the schools Washington, D. C. connections mean students learn in the classroom but also in campaign offices, legislative suites, lobbying shops, PR agencies, and news bureaus. The Center builds on the success of GW’s partnership with the non-profit Veterans Campaign, qualified veterans can receive full tuition reimbursement through a combination of GI Bill and Yellow Ribbon Program funding. GSPM has more than 2,000 alumni all around the world, representing more than 40 nations and working in government, politics, public relations and public affairs
26.
Al Gore
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Albert Arnold Al Gore Jr. is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Clintons running mate in their campaign in 1992. At the end of Clintons second term, Gore was picked as the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election, after leaving office, Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. Gore was an official for 24 years. He was a Congressman from Tennessee and from 1985 to 1993 served as one of the states Senators and he served as Vice President during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001. In the 2000 presidential election, in what was one of the closest presidential races in history, Gore won the popular vote but lost in the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush. A controversial election dispute over a vote recount in Florida was settled by the U. S. Supreme Court, and a senior adviser to Google. Gore is also a partner in the capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. He has served as a professor at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University. He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute, Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006. In 2007, he was named a runner-up for Times 2007 Person of the Year, Gore was born in Washington, D. C. the second of two children of Albert Gore Sr. a U. S. Representative who later served for 18 years as U. S, Senator from Tennessee, and Pauline Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. Gore is partly descended from Scots-Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia in the mid-17th-century and his older sister Nancy LaFon Gore, who was born in 1938, died of lung cancer in 1984. During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in the Embassy Row section in Washington D. C, during the summer months, he worked on the family farm in Carthage, Tennessee, where the Gores grew tobacco and hay and raised cattle. Gore attended St. Albans School, an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D. C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the Ivy League. He was the captain of the team, threw discus for the track and field team, and participated in basketball, art. He graduated 25th in his class of 51, applied to one college, Harvard. Gore met Mary Elizabeth Tipper Aitcheson from the nearby St. Agnes School at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965
27.
George Washington University Law School
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The George Washington University Law School, commonly referred to as GW Law, is the law school of The George Washington University. Founded in the 1820s, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, the school was accredited by the American Bar Association in 1923 and was a charter member of the Association of American Law Schools. It is located on the campus of The George Washington University at the corner of 20th. The George Washington University Law School was founded in the 1820s, the law school was reestablished in 1865 and was the first law school in the District of Columbia. Law classes resumed in 1865 in the Old Trinity Episcopal Church, the Master of Laws degree program was adopted by the school in 1897. In 1900, the school was one of the members of the Association of American Law Schools. In 1954, it merged with National University School of Law of Washington, Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas, William Strong, David J. Brewer, Willis Van Devanter and John Marshall Harlan were among those who served on its faculty. Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, Justice Samuel Alito, Justice Antonin Scalia, and Justice Elena Kagan presided over its moot court in 2006,2007,2009, the National University School of Law was merged into the George Washington University School of Law in 1954. The school was founded in 1869, many alumni served in prominent political and legal positions throughout the schools history. J. D. GW Law offers more than 275 elective courses each year. S. foreign relations law. GW Law also offers summer programs, including a joint program with the University of Oxford for the study of international human rights law at New College. In addition to the juris doctor degree, GW Law offers the following joint degrees, J. D. /M. B. A. With the School of Business J. D. /Master of Public Administration with the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences J. D. /Master of Public Policy with the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences J. D. /M. A. With the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences in History, in Womens Studies, with the Elliott School of International Affairs J. D. /Master of Public Health with the Milken Institute School of Public Health J. D. S. The Doctor of Juridical Science is offered to a limited number of candidates. Instead of supplying students with individual class rankings, GW Law recognizes academic performance with two scholar designations, the top 1–15% of the class is designated George Washington Scholars while the top 16–35% of the class is designated Thurgood Marshall Scholars. D. Students enrolled in the 2013-2014 academic year, GW Law had the fifth largest J. D. enrollment of all ABA-accredited law schools, in the 2013–2014 academic year,25. 2% of GW Law students were minorities and 46. 2% were female. Students enrolled in the J. D. program come from 206 colleges and 11 countries, the Law School also enrolls students from approximately 45 countries each year in its Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science degree programs
28.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
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The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission is an independent agency of the United States federal government. The SEC was created by Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the SEC has a three-part mission, to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. To achieve its mandate, the SEC enforces the requirement that public companies submit quarterly and annual reports. MD&A will usually touch on the upcoming year, outlining future goals. In an attempt to level the field for all investors. Quarterly and semiannual reports from companies are crucial for investors to make sound decisions when investing in the capital markets. Unlike banking, investment in the markets is not guaranteed by the federal government. The potential for big gains needs to be weighed against that of sizable losses, the SEC makes reports available to the public through the EDGAR system. The SEC also offers publications on investment-related topics for public education, the same online system also takes tips and complaints from investors to help the SEC track down violators of the securities laws. The SEC adheres to a policy of never commenting on the existence or status of an ongoing investigation. Prior to the enactment of the securities laws and the creation of the SEC. They were enacted and enforced at the level, and regulated the offering. Though the specific provisions of these laws varied among states, they all required the registration of all offerings and sales, as well as of every U. S. stockbroker. However, these blue sky laws were found to be ineffective. For example, the Investment Bankers Association told its members as early as 1915 that they could ignore blue sky laws by making securities offerings across state lines through the mail. After holding hearings on abuses on interstate frauds, Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933, the subsequent Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates sales of securities in the secondary market. The Securities Act of 1933 is also known as the Truth in Securities Act and its goal was to increase public trust in the capital markets by requiring uniform disclosure of information about public securities offerings. For the first year of the enactment, the enforcement of the statute rested with the Federal Trade Commission
29.
Garner Shriver
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Garner E. Shriver was a U. S. Born in Towanda, Kansas, Shriver attended the schools of Towanda. He moved to Wichita, Kansas, in 1925 and he was in the University of Wichita, B. A.1934, and Washburn Law School, LL. B. He worked for a company in Wichita from 1934 to 1936. He was a teacher at South Haven High School in 1936 and 1937 and he was admitted to the bar in Wichita in February 1940. He served for three years in the United States Navy as a man and officer from 1943 to 1946. State representative from 1947 to 1951, state senator from 1953 to 1960. Shriver was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the seven succeeding Congresses and he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1976 to the Ninety-fifth Congress. Minority staff director and legal counsel for the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee, Washington, March 1977 –1980, and general counsel from 1981 to 1982. He resumed the practice of law and he was a resident of Wichita, Kansas, until his death there on March 1,1998. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, retrieved on 2009-5-20 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
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General aviation
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General aviation is the term for all civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non-scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to corporate business jet flights, the majority of the worlds air traffic falls into this category, and most of the worlds airports serve general aviation exclusively. General aviation covers a range of activities, both commercial and non-commercial, including flying clubs, flight training, agricultural aviation, light aircraft manufacturing. Of the 21,000 civil aircraft registered in the UK,96 per cent are engaged in GA operations, there are 28,000 Private Pilot Licence holders, and 10,000 certified glider pilots. Some of the 19,000 pilots who hold professional licences are also engaged in GA activities, GA operates from more than 1,800 airports and landing sites or aerodromes, ranging in size from large regional airports to farm strips. GA is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority, although regulatory powers are being transferred to the European Aviation Safety Agency. The main focus is on standards of airworthiness and pilot licensing, general aviation is particularly popular in North America, with over 6,300 airports available for public use by pilots of general aviation aircraft. In comparison, scheduled flights operate from around 560 airports in the U. S, aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, general aviation provides more than one percent of the United States GDP, accounting for 1.3 million jobs in professional services and manufacturing. Most countries have authorities that oversee all civil aviation, including general aviation, Aviation accident rate statistics are necessarily estimates. In Canada, recreational flying accounted for 0.7 fatal accidents for every 1000 aircraft, while air taxi accounted for 1.1 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours
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General Aviation Revitalization Act
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The General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994, also known by its initials GARA, is Public Law 103-298, an Act of Congress on Senate Bill S.1458, amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. It was intended to counteract the effects of prolonged product liability on general aviation aircraft manufacturers, while GARA is considered a landmark event in the modern history of Americas general aviation industry, debate continues over the effects and ethics of GARA. General aviation aircraft manufacturers, in the 1980s and 1990s began to terminate or reduce production of their piston-powered, propeller aircraft, at the time, industry analysts estimated that the U. S. S. market share was still strong. Those manufacturers reported rapidly rising product liability costs, driving aircraft prices beyond the market, rising claims against the industry triggered a rapid increase in manufacturers liability insurance premiums during the 1980s. Industry-wide, in just 7 years, the manufacturers liability premiums increased nearly nine-fold, insurance underwriters, worldwide, began to refuse to sell product liability insurance to U. S. general aviation manufacturers. By 1987, the three largest GA manufacturers claimed their annual costs for product liability ranged from $70,000 to $100,000 per airplane built, higher fatality rate - for general aviation aircraft than most other forms of transportation. The three leading general aviation aircraft manufacturers underwent major changes, which each blamed at least partially on rising product liability costs. Specifically, Cessna Aircraft Co. -- long the worlds highest-volume aircraft producer, following acquisition by General Dynamics Corp. in September 1985, Cessna suspended all propeller aircraft production in 1986. In the meantime, Cessna shifted its focus to business jets, as a consequence of these changes, and others, the general aviation industry began to suffer from a shortage of new aircraft, particularly for training, rental and charter use. The proposed legislation became known as the General Aviation Revitalization Act, public-interest / consumer advocacy groups, including Public Citizen. However, Rodengen quotes GAMA President Ed Stimpson as claiming that simplification of the bill, eliminating all aspects but the statute of repose, some, with connections to general aviation were among the forces mobilized to pass the legislation, including, U. S. Senator Nancy Landon Kassebaum, from the state of Cessna, Beech Aircraft/Raytheon Aircraft, the Learjet div. of Bombardier Aerospace. Kassebaum led the Congressional effort, and co-sponsored the legislation with Rep. Glickman, Kassebaum gathered more than 60 co-sponsors for the bill in the 100-seat, Democrat-dominated U. S. Senate. Glickman co-sponsored the legislation with Sen. Kassebaum, and aided by Rep. James V, hansen gathered more than 300 co-sponsors for the bill in the Democrat-dominated, 435-seat House of Representatives. Senator James Inhofe, an aviation pilot from the home state of Aero Commander / Commander Aircraft. Senator John McCain, who gave a speech in favor of the GARA. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, who offered a defense to Sen. Metzenbaums critique, remarks, Congressional opposition included, Senate Judiciary Committee House Judiciary Committee U. S. Representative Jack Brooks, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who had a reputation for blocking liability reform
32.
Agriculture
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Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of human civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science, the history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural methodology, genetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts, the major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals, vegetables, fruits, oils, meats, fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo, other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin agricultūra, from ager, field, Agriculture usually refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant, termite and ambrosia beetle. To practice agriculture means to use resources to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops. This definition includes arable farming or agronomy, and horticulture, all terms for the growing of plants, even then, it is acknowledged that there is a large amount of knowledge transfer and overlap between silviculture and agriculture. In traditional farming, the two are often combined even on small landholdings, leading to the term agroforestry, Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least 11 separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin, wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 15,000 years ago, rice was domesticated in China between 13,500 and 8,200 years ago, followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Sheep were domesticated in Mesopotamia between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago. From around 11,500 years ago, the eight Neolithic founder crops, emmer and einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax were cultivated in the Levant. Cattle were domesticated from the aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey. In the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago, along with beans, coca, llamas, alpacas, sugarcane and some root vegetables were domesticated in New Guinea around 9,000 years ago. Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 7,000 years ago, cotton was domesticated in Peru by 5,600 years ago, and was independently domesticated in Eurasia at an unknown time
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United States House Committee on Agriculture
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The U. S. House Committee on Agriculture, or Agriculture Committee is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee originally consisted of seven members, from the states of Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, thomas Forrest of Pennsylvania was the first chairman. The Agriculture Committee remained a body until 1835, when two more members were added. It was not until 1871 that the two members were added. Since then it has grown to its current size of 46 members. The U. S. Senate counterpart to the House Agriculture Committee, the Agriculture Committee is not generally considered to be a particularly powerful one. However, it is an important committee to be on for Representatives from many areas where agriculture is the main industry. The committee has jurisdiction over agriculture, forestry, nutrition, water conservation, and other agriculture-related fields
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Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
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It is the primary committee in the U. S. S. The committee was preceded by the Select Committee on Intelligence between 1975 and 1977, House Resolution 658 established the permanent select committee, which gave it status equal to a standing committee on July 14,1977. The select committee had originally established in February 1975 under the chairmanship of Congressman Lucien Nedzi of Michigan. Following Nedzis resignation in June, the committee was reconstituted with Pike as chair, in July 1975, under Pikes chairmanship, the committee investigated illegal activities by the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the final report of the Pike Committee was never officially published, due to Congressional opposition. However, unauthorized versions of the final report were leaked to the press. CBS News reporter Daniel Schorr was called to testify before Congress, major portions of the report were published by The Village Voice, and a full copy of the draft was published in England. The HPSCI during the 1980s worked to gain privileges to covert action notifications of the CIA, the accords required that covert action findings were to be accompanied by scope papers that included a risk/gain assessment of each such activity. However, the deal was not acceptable for the HPSCI, and after the Iran-contra scandal, in 2017, the committee was tasked along with the SSCI to determine the degree of Russian interference in 2016 US elections. The committee in 2017 also has been investigating allegations of wiretapping of President Donald Trump as well as ties between Russias interference and Donald Trumps presidential campaign. Source, U. S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pike Edward P. Boland Lee H. Hamilton Louis Stokes Anthony C. Detailed listings of many aspects of previous memberships and sessions of Congress, open Congress Wiki Pike Committee Reports The Pike Committee Investigations and the CIA Are all leaks good. The Pike Committee Report, Kissinger, and the Distortion of Events Historical Dictionary of the Kurds, Pike Committee Report Covert Action and the Pike Committee, 1975-76
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103rd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1993, to January 3,1995, during the first two years of Bill Clintons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Democratic majority. This is the last Congress which the Democratic Party had both house majorities in the 20th Century, January 20,1993, Bill Clinton succeeded George H. W. Bush as President of the United States. February 26,1993, World Trade Center bombing, In New York City, four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid. April 19,1993, Waco siege, The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh. January 17,1994,1994 Northridge earthquake, A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4,31 a. m. killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless. February 22,1994, Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union, february 28,1994,4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone. September 19,1994, Operation Uphold Democracy, American troops staged an invasion of Haiti to restore the elected President to power. October 1,1994, Palau achieved independence and became a state under the Compact of Free Association. February 5,1993, Family and Medical Leave Act, Pub. L, 103–3,107 Stat.6 May 20,1993, National Voter Registration Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–31,107 Stat.77 August 10,1993, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, 103–66,107 Stat.312 November 16,1993, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Pub. L. 103–141,107 Stat.1488 November 30,1993, Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 103–159, title I,107 Stat.1536 November 30,1993, Dont ask, dont tell, Pub. L. 103–160,107 Stat.1670 December 8,1993, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 103–182,107 Stat.2057 May 26,1994, Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, Pub. L. 103–259,108 Stat.694 September 13,1994, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 103–322,108 Stat.1796 September 23,1994, Community Development, Credit Enhancement, and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Alan Frumin Secretary, Walter J. Stewart Secretary for the Majority, C. Abbott Saffold Secretary for the Minority, Howard O. Green, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 103rd Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 103rd Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 103rd Congress
36.
Aldrich Ames
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Aldrich Hazen Ames is a former American Central Intelligence Agency operative and analyst turned KGB mole, who was convicted of espionage in 1994. He is serving a sentence without the possibility of parole in the high-security Allenwood U. S. Penitentiary. Ames was formerly a 31-year CIA counterintelligence operative and analyst who committed espionage against the United States by spying for the Soviet Union, at the time of his arrest, Ames had compromised more CIA assets than any other mole in history until Robert Hanssens arrest seven years later. As far as is known, Ames compromised the second-most number of assets. Ames was born in River Falls, Wisconsin, to Carleton Cecil Ames and his father was a college lecturer at the Wisconsin State College-River Falls and his mother a high school English teacher. Aldrich was the eldest of three children and the only son, in 1952, his father began working for the CIAs Directorate of Operations in Virginia, and in 1953 was posted to Southeast Asia for three years, accompanied by his family. Carleton received a negative performance appraisal in part because of a serious drinking problem. Ames attended high school at McLean High School in McLean, Virginia, beginning in 1957, following his sophomore year, Ames worked for the CIA for three summers as a low-ranking records analyst, marking classified documents for filing. Ames worked at the CIA during the summer of 1960 as a laborer/painter and he then became an assistant technical director at a Chicago theater until February 1962. Returning to the Washington area, Ames took full-time employment at the CIA doing the sort of clerical jobs he had performed in high school. Five years later, Ames completed a degree in history at George Washington University. In 1969, Ames married fellow operative Nancy Segebarth, whom he had met in the Career Trainee Program, when Ames was assigned to Ankara, Turkey, Nancy resigned from the CIA because of a rule that prohibited married partners from working as operatives from the same office. In spite of success, Ames performance was rated only satisfactory. In 1972, Ames returned to CIA headquarters where he spent the four years in the Soviet-East European Division. His performance reviews were enthusiastic, apparently because he was better at managing paperwork. Nevertheless, his drinking was also noted, and two eyes only memoranda were placed in his file. In 1976, Ames was assigned to New York City where he handled two important Soviet assets, Ames inattention to details also led him to make two important security violations, including once leaving a briefcase of classified operational materials on the subway. Ames apparently received only a verbal reprimand, in 1981, Ames accepted a posting to Mexico City while his wife remained in New York
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United States House Committee on the Judiciary
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The U. S. House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the courts, administrative agencies. The Judiciary Committee is also the responsible for impeachments of federal officials. Because of the nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background. In the 115th Congress, the chairman of the committee is Republican Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, in prior years, Lamar S. Smith of Texas was the chairman, and prior to that John Conyers served as chairman. The committee was created on June 6,1813 for the purpose of considering legislation related to the judicial system. Res. 95 Chairman, Jim Sensenbrenner, Ranking member, John Conyers The Antitrust Task Force during the 108th Congress existed from March 26,2003, all Judiciary Committee Members also served as members of the Task Force, and conducted hearings and investigations into consolidation of the Bell Telephone Companies. The task force operated like any other subcommittee, except that it only has a six-month term, a longer term for the task force would cause the Judiciary Committee to exceed this limit. Chairman, Adam Schiff, Ranking member, Bob Goodlatte Established in September 2008, the investigation was not completed by the end of the 110th Congress, and it was reestablished after the 111th Congress convened in January 2009. The responsibilities of the Task Force were expanded to include the case of Judge Samuel B, kent, leading to hearings and his subsequent impeachment by the full House of Representatives. The Task force finally voted to impeach Porteous on January 21,2010, administrative Law, Process and Procedure Project The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials Equal Justice for Our Military Act of 2009, HR569. Congress holds a hearing to consider granting members of the U. S, armed Forces access to the Supreme Court of the United States. 109-153, A History of the Committee on the Judiciary 1813–2006
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Goddard, Kansas
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Goddard is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States, and a suburb of Wichita. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,344, in 1883, Ezekiel Wilder purchased farmland on the planned railway of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway south of Blendon, Kansas, approximately 10 miles west of Wichita. There, he established the town of Goddard in honor of J. F. Goddard, the railroad reached Goddard in 1884, and a post office was established there the same year. Several buildings were relocated from Blendon, including the town hall, Goddard was officially incorporated in 1910. In recent decades as Wichita has expanded westward, a number of commuters have settled in Goddard. Goddard is located at 37°39′35″N 97°34′27″W at an elevation of 1,463 feet, Goddard lies on U. S. Route 54 in south-central Kansas immediately west of Wichita. The community lies approximately 12 miles southwest of the Arkansas River and 8 miles north-northeast of the Ninnescah River in the Wellington-McPherson Lowlands region of the Great Plains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.49 square miles. Goddard is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of the 2010 United States Census, there were 4,344 people,1,442 households, and 1,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 979.5 people per square mile, there were 1,542 housing units at an average density of 347.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 5% White,1. 2% Asian,0. 9% African American,0. 8% American Indian,2. 6% from other races, hispanics and Latinos of any race were 6. 4% of the population. 18. 5% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.98, and the average family size was 3.44. The median age in the city was 29.5 years. 35. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,33. 4% were from 25 to 44,18. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 6. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 9% male and 51. 1% female, the median income for a household in the city was $65,139, and the median income for a family was $66,533. Males had an income of $51,058 versus $33,542 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,095, about 3. 7% of families and 5. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5. 1% of those under age 18 and 7. 1% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,037 people,666 households, the population density was 837.5 people per square mile
