Jerry West
Jerry Alan West is an American basketball executive and former player who played professionally for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association. His nicknames included Mr. Clutch, for his ability to make a big play in a clutch situation, such as his famous buzzer-beating 60-foot shot that tied Game 3 of the 1970 NBA Finals against the New York Knicks. West played the small forward position early in his career, he was a standout at East Bank High School and at West Virginia University, where he led the Mountaineers to the 1959 NCAA championship game, he earned the NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player honor despite the loss. He embarked on a 14-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers, was the co-captain of the 1960 U. S. Olympic gold medal team, a squad, inducted as a unit into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010. West's NBA career was successful. Playing the guard position, he was voted 12 times into the All-NBA First and Second Teams, was elected into the NBA All-Star Team 14 times, was chosen as the All-Star MVP in 1972, the same year that he won the only title of his career.
West holds the NBA record for the highest points per game average in a playoff series with 46.3. He was a member of the first five NBA All-Defensive Teams, which were introduced when he was 32 years old. Having played in nine NBA Finals, he is the only player in NBA history to be named Finals MVP despite being on the losing team. West was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1980 and voted as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA history in 1996. After his playing career ended, West took over as head coach of the Lakers for three years, he earned a Western Conference Finals berth once. Working as a player-scout for three years, West was named general manager of the Lakers prior to the 1982–83 NBA season. Under his reign, Los Angeles won six championship rings. In 2002, West became general manager of the Memphis Grizzlies and helped the franchise win their first-ever playoff berths. For his contributions, West won the NBA Executive of the Year Award twice, once as a Lakers manager and as a Grizzlies manager.
West's son, played college basketball for West Virginia. Jerome Alan West was born into a poor household in West Virginia, he was the fifth of six children of Cecil Sue West, a housewife, Howard Stewart West, a coal mine electrician. West was an aggressive child in his youth, until his brother's death in the Korean War aged 21 turned him into a shy and introverted boy when Jerry was 12/13, he was so small and weak that he needed lots of vitamin injections from his doctor and was kept apart from children's sports, to prevent him from getting injured. Growing up, West spent his days hunting and fishing, but his main activity was shooting at a basketball hoop that a neighbor had nailed to his storage shed. West spent days shooting baskets from every possible angle, ignoring mud and snow in the backyard, as well as his mother's whippings when he came home hours late for dinner. West attended East Bank High School in East Bank, West Virginia from 1952 to 1956. During his first year, he was benched by his coach Duke Shaver due to his lack of height.
Shaver emphasized the importance of conditioning and defense, which were lessons that the teenager appreciated. West soon became the captain of the freshman team, during the summer of 1953 he grew to 6 ft 0 in. West became the team's starting small forward, he established himself as one of the finest West Virginia high school players of his generation, he was named All-State from 1953–56 All-American in 1956 when he was West Virginia Player of the Year, becoming the state's first high-school player to score more than 900 points in a season, with an average of 32.2 points per game. West's mid-range jump shot became his trademark and he used it to score while under pressure from opposing defenses. West led East Bank to a state championship on March 24 that year, prompting East Bank High School to change its name to "West Bank High School" every year on March 24 in honor of their basketball prodigy; this practice remained in effect until the school closed in 1999. West graduated from East Bank High School in 1956, more than 60 universities showed interest in him.
He chose to stay in his home state and attend West Virginia University, located in Morgantown. In his freshman year, West was a member of the WVU freshman squad that achieved a perfect record of 17 wins without a loss over the course of the season. In his first varsity year under head coach Fred Schaus, West scored 17.8 points per game and averaged 11.1 rebounds. These performances earned him a multitude of honors, among them an All-American Third Team call-up; the Mountaineers went 26–2 that year, ending the season with a loss to Manhattan College in post-season tournament play. During his junior year, West scored 26.6 points per game
South Jersey
South Jersey comprises the southern portions of the U. S. state of New Jersey between the lower Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean. The designation of southern New Jersey with a distinct toponym is a colloquial one rather than an administrative one, reflecting not only geographical but perceived cultural differences from the northern part of the state, with no official definition. Though definitions of South Jersey may vary, most of South Jersey is considered to be part of the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. New Jersey is sandwiched between the two large cities of New York in the northeast and Philadelphia in the southwest. South Jersey may be defined geographically as the area below Interstate 195, in particular the "lower eight counties of New Jersey", whereas North Jersey is the area above Central Jersey. Culturally, South Jersey is defined as the area in New Jersey within the influence of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, in contrast to the rest of New Jersey, located within the New York metropolitan area.
Burlington and Gloucester counties have several older streetcar towns, many residents commute to Philadelphia. The Courier-Post daily newspaper, which refers to itself as "South Jersey's Newspaper" is based in Camden County, it covers all of South Jersey, but focuses on these three counties. The Gloucester County Times based in the city of Woodbury, however, is the principal newspaper for that county. Salem County and to lesser extents lower Gloucester County and upper Cumberland County serve as residential communities for the industries in New Castle County, Delaware; the Atlantic shore areas, in particular Atlantic City in Atlantic County, New Jersey and Cape May have a distinct economy centered on tourism. Cape May has the distinction of being geographically as far south as Washington, D. C. thus giving another sense to the name South Jersey. South Jersey is a peninsula, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, the Delaware Bay to the southwest, the Delaware River to the northwest. All of South Jersey is part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a landform of broad plains and sloping hills that extends southward from the New York Bight to Florida.
Much of the Atlantic Coastal Plain is covered by pine and oak-pine forests and salt marshes and is underlain by poorly consolidated sedimentary formations from the Cretaceous and Quaternary age that dip seaward. The Atlantic Coastal Plain can be divided into three physiographic subprovinces: the Inner Lowlands, Outer Lowlands, Central Uplands; the Inner Lowlands encompasses the low valley along the Delaware River, with an elevation ranging from 50 feet to 100 feet, the Outer Lowlands encompasses the area near the Atlantic Ocean, with an elevation that exceeds 50 feet. The Inner Lowlands are fertile due to the deposition of sediment in the region, which makes it an ideal region for agriculture; the Outer Lowlands is dominated by coastal estuaries and barrier islands near the Atlantic Ocean and is infertile. The Central Uplands varies from the Lowlands in altitude and is covered by the Pine Barrens; the Uplands has rolling hills at an elevation over 50 feet exceeding 200 feet in elevation, along with sandy, acidic soil that makes it unsuitable for agriculture.
Commercial farming in the Pine Barrens is limited to plants that thrive in its nutrient-poor soil—generally acidic fruits. In the Pine Barrens and blueberries are cultivated in lowland bogs that have accumulated depths of organic matter. South Jersey has a humid subtropical climate. Compared to northern parts of New Jersey, South Jersey has higher temperatures and receives less annual precipitation. Along the Jersey Shore, temperatures are moderated by sea breezes and land breezes; the following seven counties are included in South Jersey: Atlantic County Burlington County Camden County Cape May County Cumberland County Gloucester County Salem CountyMany definitions of South Jersey include the southern portion of Ocean County, including Long Beach Island. In 2015, a NJ.com poll with 90,000 respondents asked readers to identify the communities in North and South Jersey. The Ocean County communities of Barnegat Township, Eagleswood Township, Lacey Township, Little Egg Harbor, the communities of Long Beach Island, Ocean Township, Stafford Township, Tuckerton were all voted as part of South Jersey.
The Ocean County communities north of Lacey Township were considered to be part of Central Jersey. The northernmost communities of Burlington County voted as part of Central Jersey. Camden, located across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, has been considered the economic hub of South Jersey. Much of Camden's growth resulted from its location near Philadelphia its role as a regional transportation hub. For decades after World War II, Camden suffered a prolonged economic decline and high crime rate due to the loss of its manufacturing base and the outflow of middle-class residents to the suburbs. Camden is home to the Campbell's Soup headquarters and the new corporate headquarters of Susquehanna Bank. Rutgers–Camden, Rutgers School of Law–Camden, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Hospital, the Camden campus of Camden County College operate in the city, the Camden waterfront is one of the city's main attractions. Nearby Cherry Hill, the second largest municipality in South Jersey and the 15th largest in New Jersey by population, is an edge city that serves as an economic center for the region.
Pureland Industrial Complex, the nation's largest industrial park, is located 12 miles from the port of C
Atlantic Coast Conference
The Atlantic Coast Conference is a collegiate athletic conference in the United States of America in which its fifteen member universities compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision, the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports. The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions' athletic programs held in high regard nationally. Current members of the conference are Boston College, Clemson University, Duke University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Florida State University, North Carolina State University, Syracuse University, the University of Louisville, the University of Miami, the University of North Carolina, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Wake Forest University. ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference's history.
The ACC's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation. The conference enjoys extensive media coverage; the ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences, which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series. With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014, the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year's Six bowl game, the successors to the BCS; the ACC was founded on May 8, 1953 by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States, with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight. The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven, while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight, Florida State's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine. Since 2000, with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA, seven additional schools have joined, one original member has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools.
The additions in recent years extended the conference's footprint into the Midwest. ACC member universities represent a range of well-regarded private and public universities of various enrollment sizes, all of which participate in the Atlantic Coast Conference Academic Consortium whose purpose is to "enrich the educational missions the undergraduate student experiences, of member universities"; the ACC has 15 member institutions located within the borders of 10 states. Listed in alphabetical order, these 10 states within the ACC's geographical footprint are Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia; the geographic domain of the conference is predominantly within the Southern and Northeastern United States along the US Atlantic coast and stretches from Florida in the south to New York in the North and from Indiana in the west to Massachusetts farthest east. In two sports and baseball, the ACC is divided into two non-geographic divisions of seven teams each, labeled the "Atlantic" and "Coastal" divisions.
Notre Dame does not participate in ACC football and Syracuse does not participate in ACC baseball, leaving 14 total ACC schools for each of those sports. For all other sports, the ACC operates as a single unified league with no divisions; when Notre Dame joined the ACC, it chose to remain a football independent. However, its football team established a special scheduling arrangement with the ACC to play a rotating selection of five ACC football teams per season. Since July 1, 2014, the 15 members of the ACC are: On July 1, 2014, The University of Maryland departed for The Big Ten Conference as The University of Louisville joined from The American Athletic Conference. In 1971, The University of South Carolina left The ACC to become an independent joining The Metro Conference in 1983 and moving to its current home, The Southeastern Conference, in 1991. Full members Non-football members The ACC was established on June 14, 1953, when seven members of the Southern Conference left to form their own conference.
These seven universities became charter members of the ACC: Clemson, Maryland, North Carolina, North Carolina State, South Carolina, Wake Forest. They left due to that league's ban on post-season football play. After drafting a set of bylaws for the creation of a new league, the seven withdrew from the Southern Conference at the spring meeting on the morning of May 8, 1953 at the Sedgefield Country Club in Greensboro, North Carolina; the bylaws were ratified on June 14, 1953, the ACC was created, becoming the second conference formed by schools collectively withdrawing from the SoCon, after the Southeastern Conference. On December 4, 1953, officials convened in Greensboro, North Carolina, admitted Virginia, a SoCon charter member, independent since 1937, into the conference. In 1960, the ACC implemented a minimum SAT score for incoming student-athletes of 750, the first conference to do so; this minimum was raised to 800 in 1964, but was struck down by a federal court in 1972. On July 1, 1971, South Carolina left the ACC to become an independent.
The ACC operated with seven members until the addition of Georgia Tech from the Metro Conference, announced on April 3, 1978 and taking effect on July 1, 1979 except in football, in which Tech would remain an independent until joining ACC football in 1983. The total number of member schools reached nine with the addition of Florida State formerl
Double (basketball)
In basketball, a double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in one of five statistical categories—points, assists and blocked shots—in a game. Multiple players score double-digit points in any given basketball game. A double-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in two of the statistical five categories in a game; the most common double-double combination is points-rebounds, followed by points-assists. Since the 1983–84 season, Tim Duncan leads the National Basketball Association in the points-rebounds combination with 841, John Stockton leads the points-assists combination with 714, Russell Westbrook leads the rebounds-assists combinations with 134. A triple-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in three of the five categories in a game; the most common way to achieve a triple-double is through points and assists. Oscar Robertson leads the all-time NBA list with 181 career triple-doubles and is, along with Russell Westbrook, one of only two players to average a triple-double for a season.
Westbrook holds the record for most triple-doubles in a season with 42 and is the only player to average a triple-double for three consecutive seasons. A quadruple-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in four of the five categories in a game; this has occurred four times in the NBA. A quintuple-double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in all five categories in a game. Two quintuple-doubles have been recorded at the high school level, by Tamika Catchings and Aimee Oertner, but none have occurred in a college or professional game. A similar accomplishment is the five-by-five, the accumulation of at least five points, five rebounds, five assists, five steals, five blocks in a game. In the NBA, only Hakeem Olajuwon and Andrei Kirilenko have accumulated multiple five-by-fives since the 1984–85 season. A double-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in two of five statistical categories—points, assists and blocked shots—in a game.
The most common double-double combination rebounds, followed by points and assists. Double-doubles are common in the NBA. During the 2008–09 season, 69 players who were eligible for leadership in the main statistical categories recorded at least 10 double-doubles during the season. Special double-doubles are rare. One such double-double is called double-double-double, it occurs. Another such double-double is called a triple-double-double; the only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game; the following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the 1983–84 season: Longest continuous streak of double-doubles: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wilt Chamberlain holds the record with 227 consecutive double-doubles from 1964 to 1967. Chamberlain holds the second- and third-longest continuous streaks of double-doubles with 220 and 133.
This record is before the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. The longest streak of double-doubles since the merger was 53 games, achieved by Kevin Love of the Minnesota Timberwolves. A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, assists and blocked shots—in a game; the most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game. The origin of the term "triple-double" is unclear; some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility, while others claim that it was coined by Philadelphia 76ers media relations director Harvey Pollack in 1980. The triple-double became an recorded statistic during the 1979–80 season. There has been occasional controversy surrounding triple-doubles made when a player achieves the feat with a late rebound.
Players with nine rebounds in a game have sometimes been accused of deliberately missing a shot late in the game in order to recover the rebound. To deter this, NBA rules allow rebounds to be nullified if the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt. From the 1990–91 to the 2010–11 season, the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season 1 in every 36 games. From the 2011–12 to the 2016–17 season, the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season 1 in every 22 games. Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles. Since the 1983–84 season, 28 triple-doubles have been recorded by players coming off the bench; the following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders: First triple-double in league history: Andy Phillip logged the league's first triple-double on December 14, 1950 versus the. He had 10 rebounds and 10 assists. Averaging a triple-double in a single season: Oscar Robertson and Russ
Colonial Conference (New Jersey)
The Colonial Conference is an athletic conference consisting of public high schools located in Camden County and Gloucester County, New Jersey. The Colonial Conference operates under the aegis of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association, it was first established in 1945, today it is composed of two divisions: Patriot and Liberty. Official website NJSIAA South Jersey Sports high school list
Al Bunge
Allan J. Bunge is a former National Basketball Association first round draft pick of the Philadelphia Warriors in the 1960 NBA draft. Bunge led the Maryland Terrapins to the NCAA Tournament in 1958. Bunge's career was interrupted, his entire life impacted, by flareups of ulcerative colitis, discovered during his freshman year at Maryland. Born in Delanco, New Jersey, Bunge played football and baseball at Riverside High School, he was high school teammates with future Wake Forest Hall of Fame inductee Dave Wiedeman. It was assumed that Wiedeman was going to attend Maryland with Bunge, before enrolling Wake Forest. A fantastic athlete, Bunge had ties to all three major sports at Maryland. Bunge played basketball for Coach Bud Millikan at Maryland, he was recruited to play football for Jim Tatum at Maryland. Bunge was a 2-sport athlete at Maryland, as he pitched on the 1958 Maryland baseball team. Bunge averaged a double-double of 12.4 points and 10.6 rebounds over his 75 game Maryland basketball career.
His 10.6 rebound career average is the fourth highest in Maryland history and his 12.6 rebound average in 1959-1960 ranks third in Maryland history. Bunge averaged 10.1 points and 9.1 rebounds as a sophomore in 1957-1958 as Maryland was 22-7, winning their first ACC Tournament Championship and qualifying for the NCAA tournament for the first time in school history. In the 1958 ACC Tournament on March 6-8, 1958, Maryland first defeated Virginia 70-66 defeated #6 ranked Duke 71-65 in overtime. In the Final, Maryland defeated defending National Champion, #13 ranked North Carolina 86-74 to capture the ACC Tournament. Of the ACC Tournament championship, Bunge said, “It was a big deal. ‘Whoa, Tobacco Road, maybe it’s not what it used to be."In the 1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Maryland Won their First Round against Boston College lost in the East Regional Semifinal versus the Temple Owls. They won the East Regional Third Place game versus the Manhattan Jaspers to close out the season..
Bunge was hospitalized after the Terrapins' loss to Temple, missing the pep rally held for the Terrapins, his weight had fallen to well under 200 pounds. Bunge suffered from ulcerative colitis, first discovered during his freshman year at Maryland, he had lost 55 pounds at that time, he would experience fatigue, drastic weight loss and had to endure regular transfusions. "When I came back for my sophomore year, I couldn't run up and down the floor" he said. "I had a transfusion and that made me better for most of the year. When we got to the end of the year, my anemia started coming back." Of the Temple game he said, “I could hardly play, I didn't play half the game. If I had been healthy, we would’ve won.”As a junior in 1958–58, Bunge averaged 11.1 points and 10.5 rebounds as Maryland finished 10-13. Maryland went 15-8, as Bunge lead the team with both 16.7 points and 12.6 rebounds as a senior in 1959–60. Included in Bunge's career were some record setting games: On Feb. 26, 1958, he had 22 rebounds against Georgetown, setting the school record.
On January 4,1960, Bunge scored 43 points vs. Yale, the school record that stood until Ernie Graham scored 44 against North Carolina State in 1978. Following the 1959–60 collegiate season, Bunge was selected to play in the prestigious Shrine East-West basketball Game at Madison Square Garden, he and East teammates Lenny Wilkins, Jerry West and Tom Stith played against the West squad featuring and future NBA Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson, among others. Bunge guarded Robertson in the game. “It was a thrill,” he said about of playing against Robertson. “I think he had 11 or 12 points, but they weren't all against me." Bunge earned the Most Valuable Defensive Player Award in the game. Bunge received an invitation to the 1960 U. S. Olympic Trials for basketball, he did not make the team, led by Robertson, won the Gold Medal at the 1960 Olympic Games. The 1960 Olympic trials had the NCAA wrestling for control of USA Basketball; as a result, the composition of the team represented an uneasy truce. The final team was made up of seven collegiate stars, four AAU players and one representative of the US Armed Forces.
This compromise meant that many top college players were left off the team, including Bunge and Future Hall of Famers Satch Sanders, John Havlicek and Lenny Wilkens. Before the 1960 NBA draft, Bunge was contacted by the New York Knicks, Syracuse Nationals, Fort Wayne Pistons and Philadelphia Warriors, among others. On April 11, 1960, the Philadelphia Warriors drafted Bunge with the seventh pick in the first round of the draft, claiming territorial rights; the Warriors had second year player Wilt Chamberlain. Hall of Fame players Oscar Robertson, Jerry West, Lenny Wilkins were selected just ahead of Bunge. Hall of Famer Satch Sanders was taken with the next pick at #8. Drafted in the 1960 draft were Bunge's Maryland Teammates Charlie McNeil and Jerry Bechtle. In the era before sports agents, Bunge had a contract dispute with the Warriors' President and General Manager Eddie Gottlieb; the issue was Bunge's desire for the Warriors to pay for his health insurance, which he needed due to his ulcerative colitis and related health issues.
Bunge and another 1960 first round pick, Lee Shaffer, signed with the Amateur Athletic Union. Bunge joined Phillips Petroleum and played 1960-62 for the Phillips 66ers out of Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Maryland teammate Charlie McNeil signed with the 66ers. In this e
National Collegiate Athletic Association
The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit organization which regulates athletes of 1,268 North American institutions and conferences. It organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, helps more than 480,000 college student-athletes who compete annually in college sports; the organization is headquartered in Indiana. In its 2016–17 fiscal year the NCAA took in $1.06 billion in revenue, over 82% of, generated by the Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. In August 1973, the current three-division system of Division I, Division II, Division III was adopted by the NCAA membership in a special convention. Under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships. Larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was further divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term "Division I-AAA" was added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, but that term is no longer used by the NCAA.
In 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Controversially, the NCAA caps the benefits that collegiate athletes can receive from their schools. There is a consensus among economists that these caps for men's basketball and football players benefit the athletes' schools at the expense of athletes. Intercollegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard and Yale universities met in a challenge race in the sport of rowing; as rowing remained the preeminent sport in the country into the late-1800s, many of the initial debates about collegiate athletic eligibility and purpose were settled through organizations like the Rowing Association of American Colleges and the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. As other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, but the rules of the game itself were in constant flux and had to be adapted for each contest.
The NCAA dates its formation to two White House conferences convened by President Theodore Roosevelt in the early 20th century in response to repeated injuries and deaths in college football which had "prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport." Following those White House meetings and the reforms which had resulted, Chancellor Henry MacCracken of New York University organized a meeting of 13 colleges and universities to initiate changes in football playing rules. The IAAUS was established on March 31, 1906, took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a discussion group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted: the National Collegiate Track and Field Championships. More rules committees were formed and more championships were created, including a basketball championship in 1939. A series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II; the "Sanity Code" – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses.
Postseason football games were multiplying with little control, member schools were concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of those problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers a part-time executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951, a national headquarters was established in Kansas City, Missouri in 1952. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association. A program to control live television of football games was approved, the annual Convention delegated enforcement powers to the Association's Council, legislation was adopted governing postseason bowl games; as college athletics grew, the scope of the nation's athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Association's membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, III.
Five years in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer women's athletics. Instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed women's collegiate sports in the United States; the AIAW was in a vulnerable position. Following a one-year overlap in which both organizations staged women's championships, the AIAW discontinued operation, most member schools continued their women's athletics programs under the governance of the NCAA. By 1982 all divisions of the NCAA offered national championship events for women's athletics. A year in 1983, the 75th Convention approved an expansion to plan women's athletic program services and pushed for a women's championship program. By the 1980s, televised college football had become a larger source of income for the NCAA. In September 1981, the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma and the University of Georgia Athletic Association filed suit against the NCAA in district court in Oklahoma.
The plaintiffs stated that the NCAA's football tel
