1.
David Burrell
–
A priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, is an American educator, theologian, writer and translator. He is the Theodore Hesburgh Professor emeritus in Philosophy and Theology at University of Notre Dame and he wrote around thirteen books on Judio-Christian and Islamic religions. He knows several languages, he translated two books of Al-Ghazali from Arabic into English and he also taught comparative theology, ethics and development at Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda, Tangaza College, Nairobi, Kenya, and Hebrew University, Jerusalem. During 1960s, he was involved in Anti-Vietnam War Movement and he is also a professor at Notre Dame University Bangladesh. S. C
David Burrell
–
Fr. David Burrell at
Notre Dame University Bangladesh
2.
Middletown, Ohio
–
Middletown is a city located in Butler and Warren counties in the southwestern part of the U. S. state of Ohio. Formerly in Lemon, Turtlecreek, and Franklin townships, Middletown was incorporated by the Ohio General Assembly on February 11,1833, the population of Middletown as of the 2010 census was 48,694. It is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the U. S. Census Bureau, Middletown contains a small municipal airport known as Hook Field, but is no longer served by commercial airlines, only general aviation. A regional campus of Miami University is located in Middletown, in 1957, Middletown was designated as an All-America City. The citys name is believed to have given by its founder, Stephen Vail. One local historian stated that the city received its name because Mr. Vail had come from Middletown, another writer believed that the city was named Middletown because it was the midway point of navigation on the Great Miami River, which was then considered a navigable stream. Another theory is credited to the city being roughly halfway between Dayton and Cincinnati, Vail centered the city in Fractional Section 28 of Town 2, Range 4 North. One of the first settlers in Middletown was Daniel Doty who migrated there from New Jersey in the late 18th century, Middletown is located at 39°30′N 84°23′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 26.43 square miles. Middletown adjoins the Great Miami River, Middletown also borders the cities of Franklin, Monroe, Trenton, and Liberty and Madison Townships. As of the census of 2010, there were 48,694 people,20,238 households, the population density was 1,859.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 23,296 housing units at a density of 889.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 83. 3% White,11. 7% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 5% Asian,1. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 8% of the population. 31. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 24. 3% of residents were under the age of 18, 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 7% were from 25 to 44,27. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 5% male and 52. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 51,605 people,21,469 households, and 13,933 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,011.4 people per square mile, there were 23,144 housing units at an average density of 902.1 per square mile
Middletown, Ohio
–
Aerial view of Middletown
3.
Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
–
Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
–
Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
–
Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
–
In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
4.
Archie Shepp
–
Archie Shepp is an American jazz saxophonist. Shepp was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, but raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Shepp studied drama at Goddard College from 1955 to 1959, but he eventually turned to music professionally. He played in a Latin jazz band for a time before joining the band of avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor. Shepps first recording under his own name, Archie Shepp - Bill Dixon Quartet, was released on Savoy Records in 1962, further links to Coleman came with the establishment of the New York Contemporary Five, which included Don Cherry. John Coltranes admiration led to recordings for Impulse, Shepp participated in the sessions for Coltranes A Love Supreme in late 1964, but none of the takes he participated in were included on the final LP release. In 1965, Shepp released Fire Music, which included the first signs of his political consciousness. The Magic of Ju-Ju defined Shepps sound for the few years, freeform avant-garde saxophone lines coupled with rhythms. Shepp was invited to perform in Algiers for the 1969 Pan-African Cultural Festival of the Organization for African Unity, along with Dave Burrell, Sunny Murray and this ensemble then recorded several sessions in Paris at the BYG Actuel studios. Shepp continued to experiment into the new decade, at times including harmonica players. With 1972s Attica Blues and The Cry of My People, he spoke out for civil rights, Shepp also writes for theater, his works include The Communist and Lady Day, A Musical Tragedy. Both were produced by Robert Kalfin at the Chelsea Theater Center, in 1971, Shepp was recruited to the University of Massachusetts Amherst by Randolph Bromery, beginning a 30-year career as a professor of music. Shepps first two courses were entitled Revolutionary Concepts in African-American Music and Black Musician in the Theater, Shepp was also a professor of African-American Studies at SUNY in Buffalo, New York. In the late 1970s and beyond, Shepps career went between various old territories and various new ones, since the early 1990s, he has often played with the French trumpeter Eric Le Lann. Shepp is featured in the 1981 documentary film Imagine the Sound, in which he discusses and performs his music, Shepp also appears in Mystery, Mr. Ra, a 1984 French documentary about Sun Ra. The film also includes footage of Shepp playing with Sun Ras Arkestra, in 1993, he worked with Michel Herr to create the original score for the film Just Friends. In 2002, Shepp appeared on the Red Hot Organizations tribute album to Fela Kuti, Shepp appeared on a track entitled No Agreement alongside Res, Tony Allen, Ray Lema, Baaba Maal, and Positive Black Soul. In 2004 Archie Shepp founded his own label, Archieball. The label is located in Paris, France, and features collaborations with Jacques Coursil, Monica Passos, Bernard Lubat, official homepage Stewart Smith, Archie Shepp interview, Summerhall, July 31,2012
Archie Shepp
–
Archie Shepp in
Warsaw, 2008
Archie Shepp
–
Archie Shepp in
France, 1982
5.
Pharoah Sanders
–
Pharoah Sanders is an American jazz saxophonist. Saxophonist Ornette Coleman once described him as probably the best tenor player in the world, emerging from John Coltranes groups of the mid-1960s, Sanders is known for his overblowing, harmonic, and multiphonic techniques on the saxophone, as well as his use of sheets of sound. Sanders is an important figure in the development of jazz, Albert Ayler famously said, Trane was the Father, Pharoah was the Son. Pharoah Sanders was born Farrell Sanders on October 13,1940 in Little Rock and his mother worked as a cook in a school cafeteria, and his father worked for the City of Little Rock. An only child, Sanders began his career accompanying church hymns on clarinet. His initial artistic accomplishments were in art, but when he was at Scipio Jones High School in North Little Rock, the band director, Jimmy Cannon, was also a saxophone player and introduced Sanders to jazz. When Cannon left Scipio Jones High School, Sanders took over as the director until a permanent director could be found. During the late 1950s, Sanders would often sneak into African-American clubs in downtown Little Rock to play with acts that were passing through. At the time, Little Rock was part of the route through Memphis, Tennessee. Sanders found himself limited by the segregation and the R&B. After finishing high school in 1959, Sanders moved to Oakland, California and he briefly attended Oakland Junior College and studied art and music. Once outside the Jim Crow South, Sanders could play in black and white clubs. His Arkansas connection stuck with him in the Bay Area with the nickname of “Little Rock. ”It was also during this time that he met, Pharoah Sanders began his professional career playing tenor saxophone in Oakland, California. He moved to New York City in 1961 after playing with rhythm and he received his nickname Pharoah from bandleader Sun Ra, with whom he was performing. After moving to New York, Sanders had been destitute, He was often living on the streets, under stairs, where ever he could find to stay, his clothes in tatters. Sun Ra gave him a place to stay, bought him a new pair of pants with yellow stripes, encouraged him to use the name Pharoah. Sanders came to prominence playing with John Coltranes band, starting in 1965, as Coltrane began adopting the avant-garde jazz of Albert Ayler, Sun Ra. Sanders first performed with Coltrane on Ascension, then on their dual-tenor recording Meditations, after this Sanders joined Coltranes final quintet, usually performing very lengthy, dissonant solos
Pharoah Sanders
–
Pharoah Sanders
Pharoah Sanders
Pharoah Sanders
–
With William Henderson
6.
David Murray (jazz musician)
–
David Murray is an American jazz musician who plays tenor saxophone and bass clarinet mainly. He has recorded prolifically for many record labels since the mid-1970s, Murray was born in Oakland, California, USA. He was initially influenced by jazz musicians such as Albert Ayler. He gradually evolved a more style in his playing and compositions. Despite this, he recorded a tribute to Coltrane, Octet Plays Trane and he played a set with the Grateful Dead at a show on September 22,1993, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. His 1996 tribute to the Grateful Dead, Dark Star, was critically well received. Murray was a member of the World Saxophone Quartet with Oliver Lake, Julius Hemphill. David Murrays use of the breathing technique has enabled him to play astonishingly long phrases. He is currently living in Sines, Portugal, and participates yearly in its FMM Music festival, in 1980 David Murray was named Village Voice Musician of the Decade. Murray was honoured with the Bird Award in 1986 and he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1989. David Murray and his band earned a Grammy Award in 1989 in the Best Jazz Instrumental Group Performance category for Blues for Coltrane, in 1991 he was honoured with the Danish Jazzpar Prize. Newsday named him Musician of the Year in 1993, official David Murray for management and publishing David Murray Fans website Unofficial David Murray website -commentaires de CBS2007 sur bordeauxsalsa. com David Murray interview at allaboutjazz. com
David Murray (jazz musician)
–
David Murray at Cully Jazz festival 2011
7.
Herb Jeffries
–
Herb Jeffries was an American actor of film and television and popular music and jazz singer-songwriter, known of his baritone voice. He was of African descent and Hollywoods first singing black cowboy, in the 1940s and 1950s Jeffries recorded for a number of labels, including RCA Victor, Exclusive, Coral, Decca, Bethlehem, Columbia, Mercury and Trend. His album Jamaica, recorded by RKO, is an album of self-composed calypso songs. He starred in several low-budget race Western feature films aimed at audiences, Harlem on the Prairie, Two-Gun Man from Harlem, Rhythm Rodeo, The Bronze Buckaroo. He also acted in other films and television shows. During his acting career he was billed as Herbert Jeffrey. Jeffries was born Umberto Alexander Valentino in Detroit to a white Irish mother who ran a rooming house and his father, whom he never knew, was of mixed Sicilian, French, Italian and Moorish roots. He also claimed that his paternal great-grandmother was an Ethiopian with the surname of Carey, firm evidence of Jeffries’s race and age is hard to come by, but census documents from 1920 described him as mulatto and listed his father as a black man named Howard Jeffrey. Jeffries himself, late in life, said that Howard Jeffrey was his stepfather, and his father was Domenico Balentino. In marked contrast, Jeffries used make-up to darken his skin in order to pursue a career in jazz, much later in his career, Jeffries identified as white for economic or highly personal reasons. Jet reported that Jeffries identified as White and stated his name as Herbert Jeffrey Ball on an application in order to marry Tempest Storm in 1959. Jeffries told the reporter for Jet, im not passing, I never have, I never will. For all these years Ive been wavering about the question on the blanks. Suddenly I decided to fill in the blank the way I look, look at my blue eyes, look at my brown hair, look at my color. My mother was 100 per cent white, Jeffries said, his blue eyes glinting in the New York sun and my father is Portuguese, Spanish, American Indian, and Negro. How in the hell can I identify myself as one race or another, raised in Detroit, Jeffries grew up a ghetto baby in a mixed neighborhood without encountering severe racism as a child. In the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, he dropped out of school to earn a living as a singer. He showed great interest in singing during his teenage years and was often found hanging out with the Howard Buntz Orchestra at various Detroit ballrooms
Herb Jeffries
–
Herb Jeffries
8.
University of Hawaii
–
All schools of the University of Hawaii system are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The U. H. systems main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu CDP, the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is the flagship institution of the University of Hawaiʻi system. It was founded as a land-grant college under the terms of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, the second-largest institution is the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, with over 3,000 students. The smaller University of Hawaiʻi-West Oʻahu in Kapolei primarily serves students who reside on Honolulus western, the University of Hawaiʻi Community College system comprises four community colleges island campuses on Oahu and one each on Maui, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi. University of Hawaiʻi education centers are located in remote areas of the State and its several islands. Inouye College of Pharmacy School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology John A. Burns School of Medicine William S. M, the Board oversees all aspects of governance for the university system, including its internal structure and management. The board also appoints, evaluates, and if necessary removes the President of the University of Hawaiʻi, the Universitys governing board includes a current student appointed by the Governor of Hawaiʻi to serve a two-year term as a full voting regent. The practice of appointing a student to the Board was approved by the Hawaiʻi State Legislature in 1997, alumni of the University of Hawaiʻi system include many notable persons in various walks of life. Senator Daniel Inouye and Tammy Duckworth both are veterans of the US military who were injured during in the line of duty then later entered government service, bette Midler and Georgia Engel are successful entertainers on the national stage. President Barack Obamas parents, Barack Obama, Sr. and S, ann Dunham, and half-sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, also earned degrees from the Mānoa campus, where his parents met in a Russian language class. His mother earned three degrees from the University of Hawaiʻi including a Ph. D. in anthropology, the University of Hawaiʻi system has had many faculty members of note. Many were visiting faculty or came after they won awards like Nobel Laureate Dr. Georg von Békésy. Dr. Ryuzo Yanagimachi, principal investigator of the group that developed a method of cloning from adult animal cells, is still on the faculty. University of Hawaii Marching Band Robert, Kamins, mālamalama, A History of the University of Hawaiʻi. The Politics of Higher Education In Hawaiʻi, 1985-1992, official website University of Hawaiʻi Athletics
University of Hawaii
–
University of Hawaiʻi System
9.
Berklee College of Music
–
Berklee College of Music, located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Since 2012, Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia, in December 2015, Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger. The combined institution will be known as Berklee, with the conservatory becoming The Boston Conservatory at Berklee, Berklee College of Music is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. NEASC is the accreditation agency for schools and colleges located in the New England region of the United States. In 1945 pianist, composer, arranger and MIT graduate Lawrence Berk founded Schillinger House, located at 284 Newbury St. in Bostons Back Bay, the school specialized in the Schillinger System of harmony and composition developed by Joseph Schillinger. Instrumental lessons and a few classes in theory, harmony. At first, most students were working professional musicians, many students were former World War II service members who attended under the G. I. Initial enrollment was fewer than 50 students, but by 1949 there were more than 500 students, Lawrence Berk placed great emphasis on learning from practitioners, as opposed to academics, and generally hired working musicians as faculty members. Several of the schools best-known musician-educators arrived after the name change. In 1956, trumpeter Herb Pomeroy joined the faculty and remained until his retirement in 1996, drummer Alan Dawson and saxophonist Charlie Mariano became faculty members in 1957. Reed player John LaPorta began teaching in 1962, like many of Berks ideas, this practice continues into the present. Another trend in the schools history also began the mid-1950s, during this period, the school began to attract international students in greater numbers. For example, Japanese pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi arrived in 1956, multiple Grammy-winning producer Arif Mardin came from Turkey to study at the school in 1958. In 1957, Berklee initiated the first of many applications of technology to music education with Jazz in the Classroom. The series, which continued until 1980, was a precursor to subsequent Berklee-affiliated recording labels, Berklee awarded its first bachelor of music degrees in 1966. Members of the first graduating class to receive degrees included Alf Clausen, Stephen Gould, Gould taught film scoring at Berklee and is currently the Program Director for the Educational Leadership PhD program at Lesley University. During the 1960s, the Berklee curriculum began to reflect new developments in music, such the rise of rock and roll, soul and funk. In 1962, Berklee offered the first college-level instrumental major for guitar, the guitar department initially had nine students, and today it is the largest single instrumental major at the college
Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music
–
Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music
–
Berklee classroom building at 130 Massachusetts Avenue
Berklee College of Music
–
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía in
Valencia,
Spain, photographed at night with the city in the background
10.
Musical composition
–
People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music. In popular music and traditional music, the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters, with songs, Composition is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music. In popular music and traditional music, songwriting may involve the creation of an outline of the song, called the lead sheet. In classical music, orchestration is typically done by the composer, in some cases, a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all, and instead compose the song in her mind and then play, sing and/or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music. Although a musical composition often uses musical notation and has a single author, a piece of music can also be composed with words, images, or, since the 20th century, with computer programs that explain or notate how the singer or musician should create musical sounds. A more commonly known example of chance-based music is the sound of wind chimes jingling in a breeze, although in the 2000s, composition is considered to consist of the manipulation of each aspect of music, according to Jean-Benjamin de Laborde, Composition consists in two things only. The first is the ordering and disposing of several sounds. in such a manner that their succession pleases the ear and this is what the Ancients called melody. The second is the rendering audible of two or more simultaneous sounds in such a manner that their combination is pleasant and this is what we call harmony, and it alone merits the name of composition. In classical music, a piece of music exists in the form of a composition in musical notation or as a live acoustic event. Since the invention of recording, a classical piece or popular song may also exist as a recording. If music is composed before being performed, music can be performed from memory, by reading written musical notation, compositions comprise a huge variety of musical elements, which vary widely from between genres and cultures. Popular music genres after about 1960 make extensive use of electric and electronic instruments, such as electric guitar, electric and electronic instruments are used in contemporary classical music compositions and concerts, albeit to a lesser degree than in popular music. Music from the Baroque music era, for example, used only acoustic and mechanical such as strings, brass, woodwinds, timpani and keyboard instruments such as harpsichord. A 2000s-era pop band may use electric guitar played with electronic effects through a guitar amplifier, different musical styles permit singers or performers to use various amounts of musical improvisation during the performance of a composed song or piece. In free jazz, the performers may play without any sheet music, improvisation is the act of composing musical elements spontaneously during the performance, as opposed to having a composer write down the music beforehand. Improvisation was an important skill during the Baroque music era, instrumentalists and singers were expected to be able to improvise ornaments, during the classical period, solo instrumentalists were expected to be able to improvise virtuostic cadenzas during a concerto. During the Romantic music era, composers began writing out ornaments and cadenzas, in contemporary classical music, some composers began writing pieces which indicate that the performer should improvise during certain sections
Musical composition
–
People composing music
Musical composition
–
Scherzo in A flat (
Borodin) Play (
help ·
info)
11.
Echo (Dave Burrell album)
–
Echo is a studio album released by jazz pianist Dave Burrell. It was recorded on August 13,1969 and first released as an LP album by BYG Actuel and it was re-released twice, first again on LP by Get Back Records in 2001 before finding its way to compact disc in 2004 via Sunspots Records. Burrell had been part of an group led by Archie Shepp that played during the 1969 Pan-African Festival in Algiers. While there, French journalists from Paris were on hand and mentioned to Burrell the possibility recording in the city, the recording was Burrells way of honouring the group, since all were involved in the album. It has been said that the album as a whole is monster of an LP and they even say that if Echo isnt the noisiest jazz song in the world, its damned close. The Penguin Guide to Jazz remarks that Echo is a swirling, both sources mention that the second track is more structured and is welcomed after the first songs barrage. Still, The Penguin Guide says that this is a historical document, in response, Burrell has mentioned in interviews that The French did not know how to record the music, nor did anybody else. The dials were going wild and nobody knew how to mix it back then
Echo (Dave Burrell album)
–
Echo
12.
Nippon Columbia
–
Nippon Columbia Co. Ltd. often pronounced Korombia, TYO,6791, is a Japanese record label founded in 1910 as Nipponophone Co. Ltd. It affiliated itself with the Columbia Graphophone Company of the United Kingdom, the company changed its name to Nippon Columbia Co. Ltd. in 1946. It used the Nippon Columbia name until October 1,2002, on October 1,2010, the company returned to its current name. Outside Japan, the company operates as the Savoy Label Group which releases recordings on the SLG, Savoy Jazz and it also manufactured electronic products under the Denon brand name until 2001. was a part, which operated in Japan as Toshiba-EMI. The label is notable, however, for continuing to use the historical Magic Notes logo, Japanese Peoples Honour Award-winning singer Hibari Misora belonged to the label. This label is known for dropping Ayumi Hamasaki, the best-selling solo artist in Japanese Oricon history. It happened after her first single Nothing from Nothing and album of the same name flopped and she subsequently met her current producer, Max Matsuura, who is now President of Avex. In 2007, Ritter hired Ejovi Nuwere into CME, and together they began building a Japanese-based, competition-oriented promotional platform for new artists called Otorevo, the premise of the project was to prove a more cost- and time-efficient model for discovering viable artists to join the label. Despite the measurable successes of Otorevo, the CME board of directors voted to terminate all R&D projects in March 2008. A number of talented artist were discovered on the OtoRevo platform, two artist received debuts but all were released after the shut down of the R&D division, the most well-known is the group CREAM who were originally named IYSE. They are currently one of the top selling new artist in Japan with more than 3M channel views on YouTube, major investors include Faith K. K. Daiichi Kosho Company, Japan Securities Finance Co. Ltd. Sumitomo Trust and Banking, Nomura Securities, Rakuten Securities and Fukoku Mutual Life Insurance Company, list of record labels Official website Official Centennial Website Nippon Columbias channel on YouTube
Nippon Columbia
–
Nippon Columbia
13.
Opera
–
Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing, recitative, a style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of theatre, such as acting, scenery. The performance is given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble. Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition, in the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe, attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his operas in the 1760s. The first third of the 19th century saw the point of the bel canto style, with Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti. It also saw the advent of Grand Opera typified by the works of Auber and Meyerbeer, the mid-to-late 19th century was a golden age of opera, led and dominated by Richard Wagner in Germany and Giuseppe Verdi in Italy. The popularity of opera continued through the era in Italy and contemporary French opera through to Giacomo Puccini. During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, the 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism, Neoclassicism, and Minimalism. With the rise of recording technology, singers such as Enrico Caruso, since the invention of radio and television, operas were also performed on these mediums. Beginning in 2006, a number of opera houses began to present live high-definition video transmissions of their performances in cinemas all over the world. In 2009, an opera company offered a download of a complete performance. The words of an opera are known as the libretto, some composers, notably Wagner, have written their own libretti, others have worked in close collaboration with their librettists, e. g. Mozart with Lorenzo Da Ponte. Vocal duets, trios and other ensembles often occur, and choruses are used to comment on the action, in some forms of opera, such as singspiel, opéra comique, operetta, and semi-opera, the recitative is mostly replaced by spoken dialogue. Melodic or semi-melodic passages occurring in the midst of, or instead of, the terminology of the various kinds of operatic voices is described in detail below. Over the 18th century, arias were accompanied by the orchestra. Subsequent composers have tended to follow Wagners example, though some, the changing role of the orchestra in opera is described in more detail below
Opera
–
The performers from the Atlanta Opera sing the finale of
Lucia di Lammermoor. The
opera orchestra is visible in the lowered area in front of the stage.
Opera
–
The
Palais Garnier of the
Paris Opéra, one of the world's most famous
opera houses.
Opera
–
Claudio Monteverdi
Opera
–
George Frideric Handel, 1733
14.
Windward Passages
–
Windward Passages is a live album released by jazz pianist Dave Burrell that is considered a widely acclaimed jazz-opera. It was recorded on September 13,1979 in Sweden and released by hatART Records in 1980 on double-LP. hatART released the album again on LP in 1986 and then on CD in 1994. The album was Burrells first collaboration with his wife, Monkia Larsson, Burrell conceived this full-length operatic album as his reply to land development in Hawaii, which was where he was raised. The live performance included various vocal singers, a 21 piece orchestra, dancers, uehlinger — producer, editing Allmusic notes that Burrell so thoroughly a pianist, composer, and improviser that the three are inseparable in him and that this album is the proof. Reviewer Thom Jurek marvels at how, performing live, Burrell is able to provide lyrical invention and harmonic sense of balance and how if what he heard was possible, let alone true
Windward Passages
–
Windward Passages
15.
Philadelphia
–
In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
Philadelphia
–
From top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a
statue of Benjamin Franklin, the
Liberty Bell, the
Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia City Hall, and
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
–
An 18th century map of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia
–
Penn's Treaty with the Indians by
Benjamin West
Philadelphia
–
Benjamin Franklin, 1777
16.
William Parker (musician)
–
William Parker is an American free jazz double bassist, multi-instrumentalist, poet and composer. Parker was born in the Bronx, New York City and he was not formally trained as a classical player, though he did study with Jimmy Garrison, Richard Davis, and Wilbur Ware and learned the tradition. Parker is one of few jazz bassists who frequently plays arco and he also plays several other instruments from around the world, including the West African kora. While Parker has been active since the early 1970s, he has had a public profile since the early 1990s. Parker first came to attention with pianist Cecil Taylor. He has long been a member of saxophonist David S. Wares quartet, Parker also played with various other groups that included Paul Murphy whenever he was in town shopping for new drum sticks. He is a member of the cooperative Other Dimensions In Music, together with his wife, Patricia Nicholson Parker, he organizes the annual Vision Festival in New York City. The album Sound Unity by the William Parker Quartet was chosen as one of Amazon. coms Top 100 Editors Picks of 2005 and his August 2008 CD Double Sunrise over Neptune was listed as one of the top 102008 Jazz CDs at Amazon. Also released in 2008, Petit Oiseau was chosen as one of the best jazz disks of 2008 by The Wall Street Journal, the BBCs Radio Three, The Village Voice, in 2006, Parker was awarded the Resounding Vision Award from Nameless Sound. In March 2007, William Parkers book, Who Owns Music. was published by buddys knife jazzedition in Cologne, assembles his political thoughts, poems, and musicological essays. Conversations 2001 - Inside Out in the Open, a Sessionography FMP releases William Parkers book who owns music. At www. buddysknife. de 38 minute mp3 interview Review of Double Sunrise Over Neptune
William Parker (musician)
–
William Parker
William Parker (musician)
–
This
biographical article needs additional
citations for
verification. Please help by adding
reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially
libelous or harmful. (November 2015)
17.
Andrew Cyrille
–
Andrew Charles Cyrille is an American avant-garde jazz drummer. Throughout his career, he has performed both as a leader and a sideman in the bands of Walt Dickerson and Cecil Taylor, Cyrille was born on November 10,1939, in Brooklyn, New York into a Haitian family. He began studying science at St. Johns University, but was playing jazz in the evenings. His first drum teachers were fellow Brooklyn-based drummers Willie Jones and Lenny McBrowne, through them, nonetheless, Cyrille became a disciple of Philly Joe Jones, who in some performances such as Time Waits used Cyrilles drum kit. His first professional engagement was as an accompanist of singer Nellie Lutcher, trumpeter Ted Curson introduced him to pianist Cecil Taylor when Cyrille was 18. He joined the Cecil Taylor unit in 1964, and stayed for about 10 years, Cyrille is currently a member of the group, Trio 3, with Oliver Lake and Reggie Workman
Andrew Cyrille
–
photo by Shawn Brackbill
18.
NPR
–
These differ from combinations, which are selections of some members of a set where order is disregarded. For example, written as tuples, there are six permutations of the set, namely and these are all the possible orderings of this three element set. As another example, an anagram of a word, all of whose letters are different, is a permutation of its letters, in this example, the letters are already ordered in the original word and the anagram is a reordering of the letters. The study of permutations of finite sets is a topic in the field of combinatorics, Permutations occur, in more or less prominent ways, in almost every area of mathematics. For similar reasons permutations arise in the study of sorting algorithms in computer science, the number of permutations of n distinct objects is n factorial, usually written as n. which means the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. In algebra and particularly in group theory, a permutation of a set S is defined as a bijection from S to itself and that is, it is a function from S to S for which every element occurs exactly once as an image value. This is related to the rearrangement of the elements of S in which each element s is replaced by the corresponding f, the collection of such permutations form a group called the symmetric group of S. The key to this structure is the fact that the composition of two permutations results in another rearrangement. Permutations may act on structured objects by rearranging their components, or by certain replacements of symbols, in elementary combinatorics, the k-permutations, or partial permutations, are the ordered arrangements of k distinct elements selected from a set. When k is equal to the size of the set, these are the permutations of the set, fabian Stedman in 1677 described factorials when explaining the number of permutations of bells in change ringing. Starting from two bells, first, two must be admitted to be varied in two ways which he illustrates by showing 12 and 21 and he then explains that with three bells there are three times two figures to be produced out of three which again is illustrated. His explanation involves cast away 3, and 1.2 will remain, cast away 2, and 1.3 will remain, cast away 1, and 2.3 will remain. He then moves on to four bells and repeats the casting away argument showing that there will be four different sets of three, effectively this is an recursive process. He continues with five bells using the casting method and tabulates the resulting 120 combinations. At this point he gives up and remarks, Now the nature of these methods is such, in modern mathematics there are many similar situations in which understanding a problem requires studying certain permutations related to it. There are two equivalent common ways of regarding permutations, sometimes called the active and passive forms, or in older terminology substitutions and permutations, which form is preferable depends on the type of questions being asked in a given discipline. The active way to regard permutations of a set S is to them as the bijections from S to itself. Thus, the permutations are thought of as functions which can be composed with each other, forming groups of permutations
NPR
–
In the
15 puzzle the goal is to get the squares in ascending order. Initial positions which have an odd number of inversions are impossible to solve.
NPR
NPR
–
Biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher
19.
Down Beat
–
Downbeat, down beat or Down Beat may refer to, Downbeat, the first beat of a measure in music. This term originated from orchestral conducting, where the lowest point on the signals the first beat in a given measure. It is now used widely throughout music to indicate the beginning of a piece of music. Downbeat, a club in New York City. See, List of jazz venues in the United States
Down Beat
20.
Village Voice
–
The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
Village Voice
–
The Village Voice
Village Voice
–
The Cooper Square former head office of the paper
Village Voice
–
Village Voice columnist
Nat Hentoff; photo by Tom Pich
Village Voice
–
October 1955 cover
21.
The Wire (magazine)
–
The Wire is a British avant garde music magazine, founded in 1982 by jazz promoter Anthony Wood and journalist Chrissie Murray. The magazine initially concentrated on jazz and improvised music. Since then it has covered hip hop, modern classical, free improvisation, post-rock, richard Cook succeeded Anthony Wood as editor, and was himself succeeded in June 1992 by Mark Sinker. Sinker was removed as editor in early 1994, though he continued as a contributor for some years, since then, the magazine has been edited successively by Tony Herrington, Rob Young, Chris Bohn, and Derek Walmsley. A series of new music compilation CDs called The Wire Tapper has been away with the magazine since 1998. In addition to the Wire Tapper CDs, subscribers receive label, country and it also features the avant music scene of a particular city every issue. In addition to its focus, the magazine likes to investigate cover art. Owned for many years by Naim Attallahs Namara Group, it was out by its six full-time members of staff in 2001 and is now published independently. Gonzo, Flemish magazine on avant garde music Official site
The Wire (magazine)
–
The Wire #323, January 2011
22.
Consequences (Dave Burrell album)
–
Consequences is a live album released by jazz pianist Dave Burrell. It was recorded on October 10,2005 at the University of Pennsylvanias Houston Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was released on June 13,2006 by the label Amulet, the album features Burrell in duet with drummer Billy Martin of Medeski, Martin, and Wood. The jazz style is not mildly avant-garde, it is very avant-garde, however, he does say that those who do appreciate the genre will find a lot to enjoy about Burrells inspired outside duets with Martin. Allaboutjazz. com reviewer Robert Iannapollo says the playing shows Burrell’s creativity still flowing freely
Consequences (Dave Burrell album)
–
Consequences
23.
Billy Martin (percussionist)
–
Billy Martin is an American jazz drummer, best known as a member of jazz-funk trio Medeski Martin & Wood. Before becoming part of Medeski, Martin & Wood, Martin was part of the New York City Brazilian scene in the 1980s and he performed regularly with Pe De Boi, Batucada and several Bob Moses bands for over a decade. He also joined Chuck Mangiones touring group for three years and he has also started his own record label, Amulet Records, specializing in eclectic percussion albums. Martin has also collaborated with Iggy Pop, Eyvind Kang, Chris Whitley, DJ Olive, Ikue Mori, John Scofield, Maceo Parker, Calvin Weston, Marty Ehrlich, Martin also sometimes goes by the moniker Illy B. The most notable releases as Illy B include the Illy B Eats series of breakbeat records, DJ Logic convinced Martin to record a breakbeat album for DJs and other producers to use and remix. At the last minute, Martin decided to place an insert which invited remixers to submit their mixes for a follow up compilation, along with his percussion work, Martin is a visual artist. He does printmaking, painting, pencil drawings, and pastel drawings and his work has been displayed in several galleries and is also on the packaging of many Medeski Martin & Wood albums, most notably the cover of Shack-man
Billy Martin (percussionist)
–
Billy Martin performing at the 2007 Bennett Alliance Concert Series in Cambridge, Massachusetts
24.
Momentum
–
In classical mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object, quantified in kilogram-meters per second. It is dimensionally equivalent to impulse, the product of force and time, Newtons second law of motion states that the change in linear momentum of a body is equal to the net impulse acting on it. If the truck were lighter, or moving slowly, then it would have less momentum. Linear momentum is also a quantity, meaning that if a closed system is not affected by external forces. In classical mechanics, conservation of momentum is implied by Newtons laws. It also holds in special relativity and, with definitions, a linear momentum conservation law holds in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory. It is ultimately an expression of one of the symmetries of space and time. Linear momentum depends on frame of reference, observers in different frames would find different values of linear momentum of a system. But each would observe that the value of linear momentum does not change with time, momentum has a direction as well as magnitude. Quantities that have both a magnitude and a direction are known as vector quantities, because momentum has a direction, it can be used to predict the resulting direction of objects after they collide, as well as their speeds. Below, the properties of momentum are described in one dimension. The vector equations are almost identical to the scalar equations, the momentum of a particle is traditionally represented by the letter p. It is the product of two quantities, the mass and velocity, p = m v, the units of momentum are the product of the units of mass and velocity. In SI units, if the mass is in kilograms and the velocity in meters per second then the momentum is in kilogram meters/second, in cgs units, if the mass is in grams and the velocity in centimeters per second, then the momentum is in gram centimeters/second. Being a vector, momentum has magnitude and direction, for example, a 1 kg model airplane, traveling due north at 1 m/s in straight and level flight, has a momentum of 1 kg m/s due north measured from the ground. The momentum of a system of particles is the sum of their momenta, if two particles have masses m1 and m2, and velocities v1 and v2, the total momentum is p = p 1 + p 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2. If all the particles are moving, the center of mass will generally be moving as well, if the center of mass is moving at velocity vcm, the momentum is, p = m v cm. This is known as Eulers first law, if a force F is applied to a particle for a time interval Δt, the momentum of the particle changes by an amount Δ p = F Δ t
Momentum
–
In a game of
pool, momentum is conserved; that is, if one ball stops dead after the collision, the other ball will continue away with all the momentum. If the moving ball continues or is deflected then both balls will carry a portion of the momentum from the collision.
25.
Michael Formanek
–
Michael Formanek is an American jazz bassist born in San Francisco, California and associated with the jazz scene in New York City. In the 1980s, Formanek worked as a sideman with Freddie Hubbard, Joe Henderson, Dave Liebman, Fred Hersch and his debut album as a leader was 1990s Wide Open Spaces, featuring saxophonist Greg Osby, violinist Mark Feldman, guitarist Wayne Krantz, and drummer Jeff Hirshfield. In 1992 he released Extended Animation with the ensemble, except with Tim Berne replacing Osby on sax. In 1993 Formanek, Berne and Hirshfield recorded as a trio on the album Loose Cannon, following this, Formanek led the septet of himself, Berne, trumpeter Dave Douglas, reed player Marty Ehrlich, trombonist Kuumba Frank Lacy, drummer Marvin Smith and pianist Salvatore Bonafede. That same year, Formanek began playing with Bernes ensemble Bloodcount through the end of the decade, on the albums Lowlife, Poisoned Minds, Memory Select, Discretion, and Saturation Point. His fourth album for Enja Records followed in 1996, with Douglas, trombonist Steve Swell, in 1998 Berne and Formanek released Ornery People as a duo, and Formanek issued a solo album, Am I Bothering You. He toured with Gerry Hemingway that same year, in 1999, Formanek worked in a trio with Ehrlich and Peter Erskine on drums. In 2000 he played in the quartet Northern Exposure with Black, Dave Ballou on trumpet, Formanek is also a member of Lafayette Gilchrists trio Inside Out. Formanek is the director of the Peabody Jazz Orchestra and the jazz bass instructor at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, Wide Open Spaces Extended Animation Loose Cannon Low Profile Nature of the Beast Ornery People with Tim Berne Am I Bothering You
Michael Formanek
–
Photo Hreinn Gudlaugsson
