1.
Flushing, Queens
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Flushing is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens in the United States. Flushings diversity is reflected by the ethnic groups that reside there, including people of Asian, Hispanic, Middle Eastern, European. It is part of the Fifth Congressional District, which encompasses the northeastern shore of Queens County. Flushing is served by five stations on the Long Island Rail Road Port Washington Branch, as well as the New York City Subways IRT Flushing Line. The intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue is the third busiest intersection in New York City, behind Times, ZIP codes beginning with 113 are administered from a sectional center at Flushing Post Office. The 113-prefixed area extends west into Jackson Heights, southwest into Ridgewood, south into Forest Hills, and east into Little Neck. On October 10,1645, Flushing was established by the Dutch on the bank of Flushing Creek under charter of the Dutch West India Company and was part of the New Netherland colony. The settlement was named after the city of Vlissingen, in the southwestern Netherlands, however, by 1657, the residents called the place Vlissing. Eventually, Flushing, the British name for Vlissingen was used, despite being a Dutch colony, many of the early inhabitants were British. Unlike all other towns in the region, the charter of Flushing allowed residents freedom of religion as practiced in Holland without the disturbance of any magistrate or ecclesiastical minister, however, New Amsterdam Director-General Peter Stuyvesant issued an edict prohibiting the harboring of Quakers. On December 27,1657, the inhabitants of Flushing approved a protest known as The Flushing Remonstrance and this contained religious arguments even mentioning freedom for Jews, Turks, and Egyptians, but ended with a forceful declaration that any infringement of the town charter would not be tolerated. Subsequently, a farmer named John Bowne held Quaker meetings in his home and was arrested for this, eventually he persuaded the Dutch West India Company to allow Quakers and others to worship freely. As such, Flushing is claimed to be a birthplace of freedom in the new world. Landmarks remaining from the Dutch period in Flushing include the John Bowne House on Bowne Street, in 1664, the English took control of New Amsterdam, ending Dutch control of the colony, and renamed it the Province of New York. When Queens County was established in 1683, the Town of Flushing was one of the five towns which comprised the county. The town was dissolved in 1898 when Queens became a borough of New York City, Flushing was the site of the first commercial tree nurseries in North America, the most prominent being the Prince, Bloodgood, and Parsons nurseries. Much of the section of Kissena Park, former site of the Parsons nursery. The naming of streets intersecting Kissena Boulevard on its way toward Kissena Park celebrates this fact, Flushing also supplied trees to the Greensward project, now known as Central Park in Manhattan
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Beverly Hills High School
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Beverly Hills High School is the only major public high school in Beverly Hills, California. The other public school in Beverly Hills, Moreno High School, is a small alternative school located on Beverlys campus. Beverly is part of the Beverly Hills Unified School District and located on 19.5 acres on the west side of Beverly Hills, the land was previously part of the Beverly Hills Speedway board track, which was torn down in 1924. Beverly, which all of Beverly Hills, was founded in 1927. The original buildings were designed by Robert D. Farquhar in the French Normandy style, the school also receives its funding from its on-campus oil tower. Beverly Hills High School was originally in the Los Angeles City High School District, newsweek ranked Beverly Hills High School as the 267th best public high school in the country. Most students are residents of Beverly Hills, students in that program, which was financed by state funds tied to student enrollment, were required to supply their own transportation. The program accepted 30 students each year, the program began in the 1970s in order to expose the then-predominately Anglophone white/Caucasian students to other cultures. Until 1991 the program admitted students who graduated from Emerson Middle School in Westwood. It was expanded since there were complaints that it was taking away the best students from University High School, as of 1991 19% of the students were Iranian, and almost 20% of the students were either Asian, Black, and/or Latino. In 2008, Beverly Hills High School had 2,412 students, 70% Caucasian, 17% Asian, 5% African-American, in 2014, the student body was 72% white, 16% Asian, 6% black, and 5% Hispanic. The student body is, as of 2008, predominantly Jewish, many students are Iranian Americans, the majority of whom at the school are also Jewish. Due to the number of students of Iranian origin, the school has historically scheduled a staff development day on or around Nowruz. As of 2012 about 35% of Beverlys current student body was born outside the United States, as of 1991 home languages other than English included Mandarin Chinese, French, Hebrew, Korean, and Russian. Some television shows like Beverly Hills,90210 have been criticized for not accurately portraying the student body, the 1988 non-fiction book Hard Lessons by Michael Leahy documents the life of six Beverly seniors for a full school year. In 1984, Beverly had a 100% graduation rate but three students committed suicide and these suicides piqued Leahys interest in Beverly, and in 1985 he began writing Hard Lessons. Leahy had heard stories about Beverly having intense academic pressure, rampant cocaine abuse. However, after speaking to Beverly students he concluded that sex, Beverlys social attitudes and morals were also nearly identical to these schools
5.
Northwestern University
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Composed of twelve schools and colleges, Northwestern offers 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees. Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named and its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that today includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855, women were admitted in 1869, today, the main campus is a 240-acre parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The universitys law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre campus in Chicagos Streeterville neighborhood, in 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication. In 2016, Northwestern opened its San Francisco space at 44 Montgomery St. which hosts journalism, engineering, Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program and it attracts over $650 million in sponsored research each year. Northwestern has the tenth largest university endowment in the United States, in 2017, the university accepted 9. 0% of undergraduate applicants from a pool of 37,255. Northwestern is a member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAAs Division I Big Ten Conference, on January 28,1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The schools nine founders, all of whom were Methodists, knelt in prayer, John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5,1855, to raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 perpetual scholarships entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Willard Residential College is named in her honor, Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917, in 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps in the 1920s, after the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States hit Northwestern hard. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $4.8 million in 1930-31 to $3.6 million in 1933-34. Investment income shrank, fewer parents could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni, the university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed a freeze, a building freeze, and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books
6.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
7.
Friends
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Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22,1994, to May 6,2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993. They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC, after several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to Six of One and Friends Like Us, the series was finally named Friends. Filming took place at Warner Bros, All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings, ultimately reaching the No.1 spot with its eighth season. Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no.21 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 1997, the episode The One with the Prom Video was ranked no.100 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. In 2013, Friends ranked no.24 on the Writers Guild of Americas 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, Rachel Green flees her wedding day and seeks out childhood friend Monica Geller, a New York City chef. Episodes typically depict the friends comedic and romantic adventures and career issues, the six characters each have many dates and serious relationships, such as Monica with Richard Burke and Ross with Emily Waltham. The series featured six main characters throughout its run, Jennifer Aniston portrays Rachel Green, Rachel first moves in with Monica in season one after nearly marrying Barry Farber, whom she realizes she does not love. Rachel and Ross Geller are later involved in a relationship throughout the series. Rachel’s first job is as a waitress at the coffeehouse Central Perk, Rachel and Ross have a daughter named Emma in The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part Two at the end of season eight. In the final episode of the series, Ross and Rachel finally confess their love for each other, Courteney Cox portrays Monica Geller, the mother hen of the group and a chef, known for her perfectionist, bossy, competitive, and obsessive-compulsive nature. Monica is often teased by the others for having been extremely overweight as a child. Monica works as a chef in various restaurants throughout the show, Monica’s first serious relationship is with long-time family friend Richard Burke, who is twenty-one years her senior. The couple maintains a relationship for some time, until Richard expresses that he does not want to have children. Lisa Kudrow portrays Phoebe Buffay, a masseuse and self-taught musician
8.
Madagascar (franchise)
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Madagascar is a computer-animated franchise produced by DreamWorks Animation. Voices of Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer and Jada Pinkett Smith are featured in the films and it began with the 2005 film Madagascar, the 2008 sequel Madagascar, Escape 2 Africa, and the third film Madagascar 3, Europes Most Wanted in 2012. A spin-off film featuring the penguins, titled Penguins of Madagascar, was released in 2014, a fourth film, Madagascar 4, was announced for 2018, but has since been removed from its schedule due to the studios restructuring. The overall plot through the series follows the adventures of four Central Park Zoo animals who have spent their lives in captivity and are unexpectedly shipped back to Africa. Now they must struggle to survive while attempting to return to New York City with the help of a crafty cadre of penguins, Madagascar is a 2005 computer-animated comedy film and the first film in the series. Directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, the tells the story of four Central Park Zoo animals, Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Melman the Giraffe. These animals have spent their lives in captivity, and are unexpectedly shipwrecked on the island of Madagascar. The film was a success, grossing over $532 million worldwide. Madagascar, Escape 2 Africa is a 2008 computer-animated comedy/adventure film, directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, the film continues the adventures of Alex, Marty, Melman, and Gloria, who try to fly back to New York, but they crash-land in Africa. The film grossed over $603 million worldwide, which is higher than its predecessor, Madagascar 3, Europes Most Wanted is a 2012 computer animated comedy film, and the third installment in the series, directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, along with Conrad Vernon. Alex, Marty, Gloria, and Melman are still struggling to get home to New York, together, they spectacularly revitalize the business even as the fanatical Monaco Animal Control officer Captain Chantel DuBois relentlessly pursues them. In the end, the zoo animals finally get back to New York, only to find that they have too much in spirit to return to captivity. The film grossing over $746 million worldwide, marking the film in the series. Jeffrey Katzenberg has stated there is likely to be a fourth installment in the franchise. However, in June 2012, DreamWorks Animations head of marketing, Anne Globe, said. There hasnt been a lot of discussion about that, Eric Darnell, who co-directed all three films, spoke of the possibility of the fourth film, noting, Two things have to happen. One is that the world has to want Madagascar 4, because if they dont want it, it doesnt matter what we do. And the other thing is if the world wants Madagascar 4, we have to make sure that we have an idea that is incredible, that is great
9.
Lookingglass Theatre Company
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Lookingglass Theatre Company is a non-profit, ensemble-based theater company located in Chicago, Illinois. Their pieces tend to focus on the spectacular and the physical, as of June 2011, Lookingglass has won 42 Joseph Jefferson Awards and was the recipient of the 2011 Regional Theatre Tony Award. Lookingglass was founded in 1988 by David Catlin, David Schwimmer, Lawrence DiStasi, David Kersnar, Eva Barr, Joy Gregory, Andy White, and Thom Cox. Their first production Through the Lookingglass was directed by David Kersnar and they have since performed more than fifty world-premiere original works. Its first production in the new space was an adaptation of Studs Terkels Race, morris Architects Planners designed the new space in the black-box style, meaning that the seating area may be completely rearranged for each production. The maximum capacity is 270 persons, counting those in the removable balcony, there is also a studio space located in the second floor of the facility for smaller events and productions. Theatre in Chicago Lookingglass Theatre web site
10.
L.A. Law
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L. A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC, from September 15,1986, to May 19,1994. The series often also reflected social tensions between the senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff. In addition to its main cast, L. A. Sanders, James Avery, Gates McFadden, Bryan Cranston, pounder, Kevin Spacey, Richard Schiff, Carrie-Anne Moss, William H. Macy, Stephen Root, Christian Slater, and Lucy Liu. Several episodes of the show included celebrities such as Vanna White, Buddy Hackett. The show was popular with audiences and critics, and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run, four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series. The series was set in and around the fictitious Los Angeles-based law firm McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, the exteriors for the law firm were shot at the Citigroup Center in downtown Los Angeles, which was known as the 444 Flower Building at the time. The show often combined humor and drama in the same episode. In the pilot episode of the series, only the back and hand of law partner Chaney, one of Chaneys final acts was to hire a new secretary, who began work on the morning Chaneys body is discovered. Later in that episode, in front of his partners, friends and his wife, the secretary at Chaneys eulogy reveals that she is transsexual, Chaney had been financially supporting her gender transition, and hired her as part of her real life test. She is then fired from her job by Douglas Brackman. This once caused problems when a client used him to set up her husband to be murdered, a running gag during Harry Hamlins tenure was to have his character, Michael Kuzak, always shown picking, scrutinizing, and eating pastries or fruit at the morning staff meetings. He was the one who ate from the mountains of food provided. To some extent, the sexual peccadilloes of almost the entire cast would become fodder for episodes of the series. After Grace van Owen makes a comment that Michael Kuzak would have to be a monkey before shed be interested in him, Douglas Brackman becomes involved with a sex therapist. Benny Stulwicz, an intellectually disabled clerk at the office, has sex with the disabled daughter of a client of the firm. Leland McKenzie and Rosalind Shays, antagonists, secretly become lovers, Douglas Brackman, their boss, is also arrested in the mayhem of the riots as he is on his way to get remarried. In one scene later in the series, the writers enacted an inside joke, in her final scene, the character of Rosalind Shays steps into the empty shaft and falls to her death. The name Chaney remains in the name of the law firm, despite changes in personnel
11.
The Wonder Years
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The Wonder Years is an American television comedy-drama created by Neal Marlens and Carol Black. It ran on ABC from 1988 until 1993, the pilot aired on January 31,1988, following ABCs coverage of Super Bowl XXII. The show achieved a spot in the Nielsen Top 30 for four of its six seasons, TV Guide named the show one of the 20 best of the 1980s. After only six episodes aired, The Wonder Years won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1988, in addition, at age 13, Fred Savage became the youngest actor ever nominated as Outstanding Lead Actor for a Comedy Series. The show was awarded a Peabody Award in 1989, for pushing the boundaries of the sitcom format. In total, the series won 22 awards and was nominated for 54 more, in 1997, My Fathers Office was ranked #29 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, and in the 2009 revised list the pilot episode was ranked #43. In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked The Wonder Years #63 on its list of 100 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 2017, James Charisma of Paste ranked the shows opening sequence #14 on a list of The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time. The series was conceived by writers Neal Marlens and Carol Black and they set out to create a family show that would appeal to the baby-boomer generation by setting the series in the late 60s, a time of radical change in Americas history. They also wanted the series to tie this setting in to the life of a boy growing up during the period. After writing the script for the episode, Marlens and Black began shopping the series to television networks. None of them were interested, except for ABC, with whom Marlens, Marlens had originally wanted the setting to be his native Huntington, Long Island, where he grew up. Elements were also taken from Blacks childhood from the White Oak section of Silver Spring, ABC, however, insisted that the location remain nonspecific. However, in Season 3, Episode 3, his vehicle registration and licensing letter was address to a 90230 zip code, Culver City. As the series was filmed in suburban Los Angeles, the bore a strong resemblance to the San Fernando Valley. When they started writing the series, Marlens and Black took a script for a film that they had been toying with. Black explained, We liked the concept that you could play with what people think and what theyre saying and they based the show, in part, on their own childhood growing up in the suburbs. Black recalled that we naturally elements of our experience and them into the pot, the basic setup, the neighborhood, the era - thats the time and place where we grew up. The search for the lead of the show did not take long
12.
NYPD Blue
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NYPD Blue is an American police procedural drama television series set in New York City, exploring the struggles of the fictional 15th Precinct detective squad in Manhattan. Each episode typically intertwines several plots involving an ensemble cast, the series was originally broadcast on the ABC network, debuted on September 21, 1993‚ and aired its final episode on March 1,2005. It was ABCs longest-running primetime one-hour drama series until Greys Anatomy surpassed it in 2016, in 1997, True Confessions, written by Art Monterastelli and directed by Charles Haid, was ranked #36 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Produced by 20th Century Fox and Steven Bochco Productions, film production took place in the greater Los Angeles area. The show did film in New York but only for shots that used New York landmarks. In the final season the show was filmed only in Los Angeles to save money, exterior shots of the 15th Precinct used the former 9th Precinct building on Fifth Street in New York City, also used for Kojak. Once it was demolished, the façade was recreated on a Los Angeles lot, the show was initially a vehicle for David Caruso. John Kelly was the character, and the first season revolved around him. Promo shots for the show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him, Season 2 saw the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast. His co-stars included Jimmy Smits as Det, Bobby Simone, Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson, and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det, John Clark, Jr. John Kelly and Andy Sipowicz are detectives in the 15th squad. Sipowicz is the partner but is an alcoholic who drinks on the job as well as off-duty. Kelly has an affection for his partner but becomes increasingly exasperated by Sipowiczs behavior. In addition to his alcoholism, Sipowicz is a negative, misogynist. In the pilot, Sipowicz is shot by a suspect he had attacked and humiliated earlier and this leads to his decision to sober up and save his job. While Sipowicz is recuperating, the lieutenant, Arthur Fancy, teams Kelly with a young cop from Anti-Crime. Kellys personal life is as frenetic as his professional life and he is reluctantly going through a divorce from his wife, Laura, and is embarking on an affair with a uniformed cop, Janice Licalsi. To complicate matters further, Licalsis police officer father is on the payroll of mob boss Angelo Marino, Licalsi, in an attempt to protect her father, has been ordered to do a hit on Kelly
13.
Monty (TV series)
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Monty is an American sitcom that aired on Fox from January 11,1994 to February 15,1994. The series starred Henry Winkler as Monty Richardson, a loud, Richardson had also written a best-selling book titled Im Right. The series also starred Tom McGowan as his producer and David Schwimmer as his left-leaning son. Monty hoped to capitalize on the family dynamic that made the television show All in the Family a success in the 1970s. However, the show was canceled five episodes. The series was carried on NBCs development slate in 1993 before Fox began airing the show in 1994, variety stated that while the show was cliched, it had funny moments and that lead actor Henry Winkler did just fine. com
14.
Ross Geller
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Ross Geller, Ph. D. is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends, portrayed by David Schwimmer. Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy, pathetic and he is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict, often leading to an arcing storyline within a show. His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time, Ross is a paleontologist and has a Ph. D. from Columbia University. He is known to refer to himself as Dr. Ross Geller, an ongoing theme of his narrative arc is his romantic feelings toward Rachel Green, an infatuation that began in high school. A theme of Friends is their on-again, off-again romantic relationship, born on October 18,1967, and raised on Long Island, Ross is the older brother of Monica Geller. Ross and Monica are Jewish and see themselves as at least cultural Jews, with Ross taking an active role in wanting to teach his son, Ben. A running theme in Rosss narrative is his competition with his sister, manifested through wrestling. As children, they part in a football match for the Geller Cup every Thanksgiving. This ended in its sixth year after Monica accidentally broke Rosss nose, the siblings came up with a dance in primary school called The Routine, which later on allowed them to perform in a New Years Eve TV broadcast. Ross often comes into conflict with his friend, Phoebe Buffay. His rationality and Phoebes eccentricity lead to conflict over evolution, gravity and it is also revealed that Phoebe once mugged Ross when they were teenagers. The two are roommates for a few weeks when a fire forces Phoebe to move into Chandler Bing and Monicas apartment, in a flashback episode, they are alone at the bar and start kissing, but the moment quickly passes when Ross keeps bumping his head. Rosss best friend since college is Chandler, in college, they were in a band called Way/No Way, and Ross blamed Chandler when he was caught smoking marijuana. Chandler becomes Rosss brother-in-law after he marries Monica, Ross is also close friends with Joey Tribbiani and helps him with movie and stage auditions. He kisses Joey once in order to help him practice a role as a gay man, only to find out that Joey had already done the audition, Joey and Ross also briefly try to cut Chandler out of their friend group after he ignores them. Toward the end of the series, however, Ross and Joey are seen to become closer friends, over the course of the show, Ross dates a considerable number of women. He marries four times and is divorced three times and this is a running gag within the series. The mother of his son, Ben
15.
The Pallbearer
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It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Tom Thompson is a 25-year-old man who sleeps in a bunk bed and lives with his mother. One day Tom is contacted by his school classmates mother, Ruth Abernathy, to tell him that his best friend, Bill Abernathy, committed suicide. Tom does not remember his friend, but out of sympathy attends the funeral as a pallbearer, while Ruth struggles with her loss and Tom with his supposedly failed memory, the two develop a romance. Meanwhile, Toms unrequited high school crush, Julie DeMarco, re-enters his life, at Abernathys funeral, Toms vague and impersonal eulogy confuses the Abernathy family and amuses Toms friends. Julie, upset at their lack of respect, tries to leave as the pallbearers carry Bills coffin out of the church, Tom, as one of the pallbearers, drags the coffin and the rest of the pallbearers after Julie. He asks her if she knew Bill, since she cried when she saw him in the coffin and she replies that she did not know Bill, but was saddened by the image of Bill in the coffin. Tom asks Julie out for coffee still holding up Bills coffin, Bills relatives, upset about Toms indifference towards Bill, forcefully relieve him of his duty as a pallbearer. Visibly upset, Ruth states that Tom is in Bills will, afterwards, Tom calls Julie about the coffee date and tries to hide that he lives with his mother. Julie asks if Scott and Cynthia can come along for a double date, Tom inherits Bills car in Abernathys will. It is the same one Bill used to commit suicide, during dinner with Scott and Cynthia, it is apparent that Julie and Scott have more in common and listen to the same musicians. Conversation between Tom and Julie is stilted and awkward, while Scott slips up and reveals that Tom still lives with his mother, disgusted by Scotts behavior during dinner, Tom reluctantly follows through with the plan to drive Julie home separating from Scott and Cynthia. When they reach Julies home, Julie reveals that she remembered Tom in high school, as Tom leans in for a kiss, Julie turns her head colliding against Toms. Julie states she had given off the signal to Tom. Tom is rejected at the end of his interview and goes to Ruths to help pack Bills belongings. While looking through pictures of Bill growing up, Ruth and Tom kiss and have sex on Bills bed, Ruth tells Tom about Bills father, a Vietnam War veteran, who is implied to have died in the war. Tom, in turn, tells Ruth about Bills fictitious love interest based completely on Toms infatuation with Julie. Tom and Ruth continue to see each other as Tom reveals more about his own affections for Julie in the guise of Bills affections, Tom repeatedly watches Julie working at a record store while parked on the street
16.
Kissing a Fool
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Kissing A Fool is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Doug Ellin. It primarily stars David Schwimmer, Jason Lee, Mili Avital, Kari Wührer and its plot is inspired by the short story El curioso impertinente that appears in Don Quixote. Max, an alpha-male commitment-phobic sports broadcaster, and Jay, a neurotic novelist, have been best friends since childhood, Jay has just broken up with his girlfriend, Natasha and is writing his first book about their relationship in Milan, Italy. Jay sets Max up with his editor Samantha, although they share few interests, they are engaged within two weeks. Still, when Max is confronted with the fact that Sam will be the last woman he will sleep with, if she shows no interest, then Max will be confident enough in her loyalty to go ahead with the marriage. However while Jay doesnt want to, the two realize they are made for each other. This film tanked and subsequently, the movie did not make as much profit as expected. The films budget was $19 million USD and the box office took in just $4.107 million USD The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on March 24,1998, baby Drives Me Wild – The Mighty Blue Kings 02. The Green Mill – The Mighty Blue Kings 05, spark Of My Life – The Mighty Blue Kings 06. Grinnin Like A Chessy Cat – The Mighty Blue Kings 10, at Last – Etta James Other notable songs not featured in the soundtrack include, We Are In Love – Harry Connick, Jr. Ready For Love – Bad Company All Out Of Love – Air Supply Learn To Love – Harry Connick, Last – Gravity Kills Crazy – Cordrazine Be Your Own – Rebekah Filmed in Chicago, Illinois, Kissing A Fool utilises several locations within the area. Amongst them are, Lincoln Park Zoo The Green Mill Jazz Club Wrigley Field Outside the Seventeenth Church of Christ Scientist building Ambria Restaurant at 2300 N. Lincoln Park W
17.
Six Days, Seven Nights
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Six Days, Seven Nights is a 1998 adventure-comedy film, directed by Ivan Reitman and starring Harrison Ford and Anne Heche. The screenplay was written by Michael Browning and it was filmed on location in Kauai, and released on June 12,1998. Robin Monroe is a New York journalist who works for Dazzle and she is invited by her boyfriend Frank to spend a week holidaying with him on the island paradise of Makatea, in the South Pacific. The final leg of their journey to Makatea is in a dilapidated de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver and they are accompanied by Quinns girlfriend and co-pilot Angelica. On their first night on the island, Frank proposes to Robin, at a bar, a drunken Quinn makes a move on Robin, which she rejects as Frank appears. The next morning Robin is called away by her boss to Tahiti to supervise a fashion event and she hires Quinn to fly her there, but a thunderstorm forces them to crash-land on a deserted island. In Makatea, Frank is told that Robin and Quinn are missing and he and Angelica board a helicopter to search for them but with no success, thus leading Frank to believe that his fiancee is dead. One night, Frank gets drunk and sleeps with Angelica after she seduces him, after seeing a boat, Robin and Quinn try to reach it but discover that the boat is taken by pirates, who discover them and capture them. Quinn manages to distract the pirates and the two escape by jumping into the ocean from a cliff. In the jungle, they discover an abandoned World War II Japanese plane, salvaging parts from it, they succeed in getting Quinns plane airworthy again and manage to take off from the island, avoiding the pirates again, who accidentally destroy their own boat. Quinn is injured but Robin manages to land in Makatea, where their funerals are held, Frank is very happy to see Robin alive, but is disgusted at himself for sleeping with Angelica and not being able to tell Robin about it. Robin goes to the hospital where Quinn is recovering and tells him her feelings for him, after their vacation ends, Robin decides to fly back New York with Frank, but at Tahiti, she reveals to Frank that she doesnt want to get married. Frank finally tells her he slept with Angelica and she tells him about her feelings for Quinn and they decide they are not in love and she gives him back the engagement ring. Quinn has a change of heart and rushes to the airport and he then encounters Robin getting off an airplane, having stopped the flight. He walks up to her and they embrace and kiss each other, the effects were produced without CGI assistance. The crash scene of the de Havilland Beaver was performed with a Huey Helicopter suspending the unmanned aircraft with a 200-foot cable with the engine running, Harrison Ford is a certified pilot and did his own flying in the movie, after fulfilling the insurance companys training requirements. The film received negative reviews. The film has a rating of 36% at review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes and it holds a score of 51 on Metacritic, based on reviews from 23 critics
18.
Apt Pupil (film)
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Apt Pupil is a 1998 American thriller film directed by Bryan Singer and starring Ian McKellen and Brad Renfro. It is based on the 1982 novella of the name by Stephen King. In the 1980s in southern California, high school student Todd Bowden discovers fugitive Nazi war criminal Kurt Dussander living in his neighborhood under the pseudonym Arthur Denker. Bowden, obsessed with Nazism and acts of the Holocaust, persuades Dussander to share his stories, the novella was first published in Kings 1982 collection Different Seasons. Producer Richard Kobritz sought to adapt the novella into a film during the 1980s, when filming began in 1987, a loss of financing led to the production being shut down. Forty minutes of usable footage existed, but production was never revived, in 1995, when rights to the novella returned to King, Bryan Singer petitioned the author for an opportunity to film the novella. With Kings support, Singer filmed Apt Pupil with McKellen and Renfro in Altadena, California, the director shortened the novellas storyline, reduced its violence, and changed the ending. Singer called Apt Pupil a study in cruelty with Nazism only serving as a vehicle for the capacity of evil. During the $14 million production, a lawsuit was filed by several extras who alleged that they were told to strip naked during a shower scene, the film was released in the United States and Canada in October 1998 to mixed reviews and made under $9 million. The main actors won several awards for their performances. Todd blackmails Dussander by threatening to him in to the police. Todd purchases an SS uniform from a shop, and forces Dussander to wear it. When he spends time with the old man, his grades suffer, he loses interest in his girlfriend. In turn, the Nazi blackmails the young boy into studying to restore his grades, threatening to expose the boys subterfuge, Dussander even poses as Todds grandfather and goes to an appointment with Todds school counselor Edward French. Talking about the war crimes affects both the old man and the boy, and an intoxicated Dussander attempts to kill a cat in his gas oven but fails when it attacks him. Dussander also takes pride in Todds unbelievable turnaround, going from near dropout to straight As in a matter of weeks. One night, Dussander tries to kill a hobo who earlier had seen him in the uniform, when Dussander has a heart attack, he calls Todd, who finishes the job, cleans up, and calls an ambulance for Dussander. At the hospital, Dussander is recognized by a camp survivor sharing his room and he is arrested
19.
Picking Up the Pieces (film)
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Picking Up the Pieces is a 2000 black comedy film directed by Alfonso Arau and starring Woody Allen, David Schwimmer, Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Kiefer Sutherland, Cheech Marin, and Sharon Stone. Tex is a butcher who kills his unfaithful wife Candy, after cutting up the body, Tex buries most of her body parts in the desert in New Mexico. A blind woman accidentally trips over Candys hand, which has not been buried, Picking it up, her sight is restored, and she proclaims the hand to be the Hand of the Virgin Mary. The hand then becomes the talk of the village and people there to heal themselves. This ranges from a man growing new legs, a teenager being relieved of his acne. Tex hears of these miracles, and attempts to retrieve the hand without being caught, amado Mia Maestro as Carla Lou Diamond Phillips as Officer Alfonso In an interview, Cheech Marin said that he agreed to make the film because Woody Allen was part of the cast. Although the film has many stars, including Woodys close friend, Elliott Gould. Picking Up The Pieces at the Internet Movie Database Picking Up the Pieces at Rotten Tomatoes Picking Up the Pieces at AllMovie
20.
Band of Brothers (miniseries)
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Band of Brothers is a 2001 American war drama miniseries based on historian Stephen E. Ambroses 1992 non-fiction book of the same name. The executive producers were Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks, who had collaborated on the 1998 World War II film Saving Private Ryan, the episodes first aired in 2001 on HBO. The series won Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2001 for best miniseries, the series dramatizes the history of Easy Company from jump training in the United States through its participation in major actions in Europe, and up until Japans capitulation and wars end. The events portrayed are based on Ambroses research and recorded interviews with Easy Company veterans, the series took literary license, adapting the recorded history for the purposes of dramatic effect and series structure. All of the characters portrayed are based on members of Easy Company, some of the men were recorded in contemporary interviews, which viewers see as preludes to each episode. The mens identities are not revealed until the finale, the title for the book and the series comes from the St Crispins Day Speech in William Shakespeares play Henry V, delivered by Henry V of England before the Battle of Agincourt. Ambrose quotes a passage from the speech on his books first page, Band of Brothers is a dramatized account of Easy Company, assigned to the United States Armys 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Over the course of ten episodes, the details the companys exploits during the war. It includes the taking of the Eagles Nest at Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden, Major Richard Winters is the central character featured, shown working to accomplish the missions and keep his men together and safe. While the series features an ensemble cast, each episode generally focuses on a single character. As the series is based on events, the fates of the characters conform to the persons from which they are drawn. Their experiences and the moral, mental, and physical hurdles they must overcome are central to the story, the series was developed chiefly by Tom Hanks and Erik Jendresen, who spent months detailing the plot outline and individual episodes. Steven Spielberg served as the eye and used Saving Private Ryan. Accounts of Easy Company veterans such as Donald Malarkey were incorporated into production to add historic detail, Band of Brothers was the most expensive television miniseries made by HBO or any other television network when it was created. This record was superseded by the series 2010 sister show, The Pacific, the budget for Band of Brothers was approximately $125 million, which comes to an average of $12.5 million per episode. An additional $15 million was allocated for the campaign, which included hosting screenings for World War II veterans. One of those screenings was held at Utah Beach, Normandy, on June 7,2001,47 Easy Company veterans were flown to Paris and then travelled by chartered train to the site, where the series premiered. Also sponsoring the miniseries was Chrysler, as its Jeeps were used to great extent in the series, Chrysler spent $5 to $15 million on its advertising campaign, based on and using footage from Band of Brothers
21.
Herbert Sobel
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Herbert M. Sobel Sr. was a commissioned officer with Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, in the 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Sobel was portrayed in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by David Schwimmer, Sobel was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a Jewish family. He attended the Culver Military Academy in Indiana and he graduated from the University of Illinois, majoring in architecture. Sobel volunteered for the soon after the outbreak of World War II and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. Promoted to first lieutenant, Sobel commanded Company E for all of their training at Camp Toccoa. He was known to be petty and vindictive, earning the hatred of many of his men and he also trained his men intensely, and was eventually promoted to the rank of captain in recognition of his ability as a trainer. After a period of training in the United Kingdom before the Normandy invasion, Sobel jumped into Normandy and earned a CIB as part of Regimental Headquarters Company. He was later transferred to command the Chilton Foliat jump school, first Lieutenant Thomas Meehan replaced Sobel, and was one of several officers to succeed him in that post before the end of the war. Sobel was assigned as the regimental S-4 officer on 8 March 1945, Sobel returned to the United States in 1945, and worked as an accountant before being recalled to active duty during the Korean War. He remained in the Army National Guard, eventually retiring at the rank of lieutenant colonel and he later married, and had three children. On 5 March 1962, the Chicago Tribune published a letter from a Herbert Sobel in which he identified himself as an observer from the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects. On 12 December 1962, A Herbert Sobel suffered minor injures when an airplane in which he was a passenger crashed at the Provo. In 1970, Sobel shot himself in the head with a small-caliber pistol, the bullet entered his left temple, passed behind his eyes, and exited out the other side of his head. This severed his optic nerves and left him blind and he was later moved to a VA assisted living facility in Waukegan, Illinois. He resided there for his last seventeen years until his death due to malnutrition on 30 September 1987, no services were held for him after his death. Sobel was portrayed as a petty and capricious martinet in the television series Band of Brothers, stephen Ambrose gives numerous examples of this in his book. Since the series, his son Michael has spoken out on his behalf, in interviews, some Easy Company veterans have acknowledged the part Sobels training played in the companys later successes. We Who Are Alive and Remain, Untold Stories from The Band of Brothers, compton, Lynn D. with Brotherton, Marcus
22.
Big Nothing
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Big Nothing is a 2006 British-American-French black comedy crime film directed by Jean-Baptiste Andrea starring David Schwimmer and Simon Pegg. It was released in December 2006, and had its premiere at Cardiff Film Festival in November 2006, Big Nothing was filmed on the Isle of Man and in Wales at Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan and at Caerwent and other areas of Monmouthshire. Other scenes were at Squamish, British Columbia, Canada, the film is set in a small Oregon town, where a brutal serial killer nicknamed the Oregon undertaker has been murdering and mutilating young women. Charlie is an ex-teacher turned disaffected call center employee who is fired on his first day, Gus plans on extorting money from Reverend Smalls, with the intention of publicly exposing his secret shame should he refuse to pay. The normally cautious Charlie reluctantly agrees to play a part in the scam, a teenage pageant queen Josie McBroom, Guss scheming one-night stand, forces herself into the scheme. Josie convinces Charlie and Gus that she should make the call to Smalls on the grounds that if either of them called, the plan goes into action, and Gus goes to Smalls house where he is surprised by the Reverend wielding a gun. From outside the two shots are heard. Charlie runs away and goes to Smalls house, where he finds the Reverend dead, scared, he drags the body outside, and dumps him into a nearby septic tank. He goes back inside the house, tries to call Josie and he then finds Gus and learns that the Reverend shot Gus in the leg, explaining the blood near the corpse. After the first shot, Gus hit the Reverend over the head with a vase, leaving him alive, Gus and Charlie leave the house to escape the scene of the crime, but Charlie remembers that he left Josies card inside. They go back and get it, but in the process Gus stumbles upon a hidden DVD collection of the Reverend and they put one in, and find a video of the Reverend killing and torturing a young girl. They try to flee the house, but are met by a deputy police officer outside the door. The policeman explains that the Reverend was found dead, with three holes in his head. Charlie lets in the policeman, who notices some blood on the floor, Charlie, in the kitchen, grabs a knife and cuts himself, and then goes back to the policeman to explain that he cut himself on a vase. Right before leaving, the policeman decides to see what Charlie had been watching and he presses play, and watches the beginning of a childrens movie Gus had secretly switched in. Satisfied, he leaves the house, but finds marks in the ground look like someone had been dragged. Charlie follows the policeman to the end of the drag marks, as Charlie is about to open it, Gus smashes a vase against the head of the deputy, who is promptly dragged inside. Inside, Charlie panics about the murder of the Reverend and the kidnapping of a policeman and leaves, where he is met by the Reverends wife who has a gun pointed at Charlie
23.
Nothing but the Truth (2008 American film)
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Nothing but the Truth is a 2008 American drama film written and directed by Rod Lurie. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2008 and it was scheduled to open in New York City and Los Angeles on December 19, but because distributor Yari Film Group filed for Chapter 11 protection, it was never given a theatrical release. Rachel Armstrong is a reporter for the Capital Sun-Times. Days become weeks, and then months, during the course of which Van Doren is murdered in a politically motivated attack, however, Dubois is only interested in Armstrongs original source. Armstrong pleads to Dubois that she could never give up her source as they would have to deal with the ramifications of the death of Van Doren. Burnside even argues her case before the Supreme Court, but they decide against him 5–4, eventually, Judge Hall decides to release Armstrong from jail, as he is convinced she will never divulge her source and, therefore, cannot be pressured through continued incarceration. On the day she is released, Dubois has the U. S. Marshals arrest her for obstruction of justice and she agrees to two years in prison, with the possibility of early parole for good behavior. The film received its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2008. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film on DVD on April 28,2009 and it is in anamorphic widescreen format with an English audio track and subtitles. Bonus features include commentary with screenwriter/director Rod Lurie and producer Marc Frydman, The Truth Hurts, The Making of Nothing but the Truth, the film opened in several international markets despite its distribution struggles in the United States. It made $409,832 at the box office, with the biggest intake from Italy. Although the film never opened, several critics who had seen it in advance screenings nonetheless published their reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 81% approval rating, based on 57 reviews, the sites critical consensus reads, A well-crafted political thriller, Nothing but the Truth features a strong cast that helps the real-life drama make an effortless transition to the big screen. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 64 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, manohla Dargis of The New York Times thought the confusing film mixes familiar plot points with some grievous nonsense, most of which involves the two womens irritatingly distracting home lives. Thats too bad for all sorts of reasons, including one, when not cooing inanities at pipsqueaks. Theres pleasure in watching them go manolo a manolo against each other, particularly Ms. Farmiga, despite a shaky start, Ms. Beckinsale does eventually look the part of the harassed and haggard heroine, if largely by not wearing any eye makeup. In the Los Angeles Times, Sam Adams observed the film isnt ripped from the headlines so much as its pasted together like a ransom note, using scraps so small their origins are indiscernible. The obvious inspiration for the story of a reporter who is jailed for refusing to reveal her sources is the Valerie Plame affair
24.
West End theatre
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West End theatre is a common term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of Theatreland in and near the West End of London. Along with New York Citys Broadway theatre, West End theatre is considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London, in 2013, ticket sales reached a record 14.4 million, making West End the largest English speaking audience in the world. Famous screen actors frequently appear on the London stage, helen Mirren received an award for her performance as the Queen on the West End stage, and then stated, theatre is such an important part of British history and British culture. Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation, the first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain, both are known to have been used by William Shakespeares company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark and these theatres were closed in 1642 due to the Puritans who would later influence the interregnum of 1649. After the Restoration, two companies were licensed to perform, the Dukes Company and the Kings Company, performances were held in converted buildings, such as Lisles Tennis Court. The first West End theatre, known as Theatre Royal in Bridges Street, was designed by Thomas Killigrew and built on the site of the present Theatre Royal and it opened on 7 May 1663 and was destroyed by a fire nine years later. It was replaced by a new designed by Christopher Wren and renamed the Theatre Royal. Outside the West End, Sadlers Wells Theatre opened in Islington on 3 June 1683. Taking its name from founder Richard Sadler and monastic springs that were discovered on the property, it operated as a Musick House, with performances of opera, as it was not licensed for plays. In the West End, the Theatre Royal Haymarket opened on 29 December 1720 on a site north of its current location. The Patent theatre companies retained their duopoly on drama well into the 19th century, by the early 19th century, however, music hall entertainments became popular, and presenters found a loophole in the restrictions on non-patent theatres in the genre of melodrama. Melodrama did not break the Patent Acts, as it was accompanied by music, initially, these entertainments were presented in large halls, attached to public houses, but purpose-built theatres began to appear in the East End at Shoreditch and Whitechapel. The West End theatre district became established with the opening of small theatres and halls. South of the River Thames, the Old Vic, Waterloo Road, the next few decades saw the opening of many new theatres in the West End. It abbreviated its name three years later, the theatre building boom continued until about World War I
25.
Some Girl(s)
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Some Girl is a play written by Neil LaBute about a man only identified as Man who is about to get married. Before his wedding, he decides to visit his ex-girlfriends, all of whom he mistreated, the play opened in London in May 2005 at the Gielgud Theatre. The cast included David Schwimmer in the role, Catherine Tate, Lesley Manville, Saffron Burrows. The play premiered Off-Broadway at the Lucille Lortel Theatre, produced by MCC Theater on June 8,2006, directed by Jo Bonney, the cast starred Eric McCormack, Fran Drescher, Judy Reyes, Brooke Smith, and Maura Tierney, all known primarily for their television work. The play was staged in Toronto at the Tarragon Theatre in the Extra Space from June 27–30,2012, londons Tower Theatre Company staged a revival of the play from 12 to 16 February 2013 at Theatro Technis in Camden Town. A film adaptation of Some Girl premiered at the SXSW Festival on March 9,2013, the film stars Adam Brody, who is credited as Man. The screenplay was written by Neil LaBute and directed by Daisy von Scherler Mayer
26.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
27.
The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial
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The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial is a two-act play, of the courtroom drama type, that was dramatized for the stage by Herman Wouk, which he adapted from his own novel, The Caine Mutiny. Wouks novel covered a stretch of time aboard the USS Caine. The play covers only the court-martial itself, like jurors at a trial, the audience knows only what various witnesses tell of the events on the Caine. The main roles were played by Henry Fonda and John Hodiak, james Garner appeared in a non speaking role as a court martial panelist. Former New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath replaced Sanders during the run of the show, charlton Heston directed a critically acclaimed production in Los Angeles and London in 1984 in which he starred as Queeg. Heston later brought the production to the Kennedy Centers Eisenhower Theater and it was staged as an episode of the anthology series Ford Star Jubilee. The play was revived on Broadway in 2006 at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre in a production directed by Jerry Zaks, starring Zeljko Ivanek as Queeg. John Challee and David Schwimmer as Greenwald, Caine during a typhoon on December 18,1944. Maryk insists that Queeg had gone over the mentally. Maryk took command, applying Article 184 of Navy Regulations, the Caine and her entire crew survived, which Maryk thinks is proof that he acted appropriately. Maryks lawyer, Lt. Barney Greenwald, indicates that he thinks Maryk, but he is determined to offer a strong defense nonetheless. Philip Francis Queeg is the first witness for the prosecution, being conducted by Lt. Commander John Challee. Queeg states that, while the Caine was going through a typhoon, Steve Maryk, at this stage of the court-martial, Queeg seems like a typical tough military disciplinarian—perhaps a bit too tough, but giving no good reason to believe he has psychological problems. He is confident and articulate, and seems to be in possession of his faculties. A young signalman, Junius Urban, who was present on the bridge at the time Maryk took control, is called to testify about what happened, Urban provides a measure of comic relief, as he is poorly educated, extremely nervous, and confused about exactly what happened. His testimony tells the very little, but on cross-examination he lets slip that Queeg was a nut on numerous small matters of discipline. Thus, in Southards view, Maryks actions were completely unjustified, however, under cross examination from Greenwald, Southard concedes that there are rare, extreme circumstances under which sailing directly into the storm would be the only way to avoid sinking. Under cross-examination from Greenwald, however, each of them, Dr. Lundeen in particular, willis Keith, a friend of Maryks, testifies as to the events leading to the mutiny
28.
Run Fatboy Run
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It was released in the United Kingdom on 7 September 2007, in Canada on 10 September 2007, and in the United States on 28 March 2008. Dennis Doyle is about to marry Libby, his pregnant fiancée, however, he gets cold feet and runs away on the day of the wedding. Five years later, Dennis discovers that Libby, who has their son, Jake, has started seeing successful but arrogant Whit and realizes that he has truly lost her. He finds out that Whit is running the Nike River Marathon in London, days before the race, Whit proposes to Libby at her birthday party. Libby accepts and this puts Dennis in a state of deep depression, as a result, he decides to quit the race. Meanwhile, Jake, who has formed a crush on a girl in his class, having made that mistake himself, he decides to race after all. Dennis starts the race alongside Whit, who informs Dennis that he intends to move Libby and Jake to Chicago, stretchers prepare to take Dennis to the hospital. Whit continues, but is taken to the hospital after feeling pain in his leg, Libby goes to the hospital to find Dennis, but only finds Whit, who claims loudly that his injuries are the result of Dennis deliberately tripping him. The doctor tells him he is not actually injured and has hit the wall. Jake is playing with Whits hospital bed, and to Libbys disgust, a panting Dennis almost hits the wall but after an emotional epiphany, his goal to complete the race is restored. As Whit tries to justify his behaviour, he blurts out his intentions to have Libby, a fed up Libby puts the engagement ring on a table, telling Whit nobodys perfect and storms out with Jake. The two go to meet Dennis as he arrives at the finish line. Dennis falls over just metres from the line and cannot get up until he sees Libby and Jake calling to him at which point he gets up, sprints to the finish. Some time later, notably healthier and fully recovered from his injuries and he says that he has something to ask her, but is interrupted by Jake, and says hell talk to her later. However, just after she shuts the door, he knocks again, in the films postscript, Gordon — on the bridge of a new yacht — tells the tale of the race to two attractive bikini-clad women, whom he invites aboard for a drink. The camera then pans to reveal to the audience that hes as usual naked below the waist, Run Fatboy Run topped the United Kingdom box office, earning £2 million in its opening weekend, and remained at the top of the chart for four weeks. To date, it has earned over £11 million in the United Kingdom, worldwide, the film grossed $33.5 million. The DVD was released on 18 February 2008 in the United Kingdom and it was also released simultaneously on the HD DVD and Blu-Ray formats
29.
Robert Kardashian
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Robert George Kardashian was an American attorney and businessman of Armenian descent. He gained national recognition as O. J. Simpsons friend and he had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian, Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob, who appear on their family reality television series, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, and its spinoffs. He had a sister and brother, Barbara and Tom Kardashian and his great-grandparents, Saghatel and Harom Kardaschoff, were ethnic Armenian Spiritual Christian Prygun immigrants from Karakale, Kars. The family, known at the time by the surname Kardaschoff, in Russian style, made their way from their village of Karakale probably to Hamburg, Germany. From there, they travelled to a new life in America on the passenger vessels SS Brandenburg and SS Köln and their son Tatos anglicized his name to Tom, started a business in garbage collection in Los Angeles, and married another Kars-Karakale immigrant, Hamas Shakarian. He earned a law degree from the University of San Diego School of Law and practiced for about a decade, after that, he went into business. In 1973, Kardashian was one of the co-founders of the trade publication Radio & Records, Kardashian also pioneered the idea of playing music between movies in theaters. He subsequently parlayed the concept into a business, starting a company called Movie Tunes and he served as President and CEO of the firm and later invested in Juice Inc. a frozen yogurt company, and in a music video business called Concert Cinema. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian, Kourtney, Kimberly, Khloé, the couple separated and divorced in 1991. Shortly after separating from his first wife in 1991, Kardashian became engaged to Denice Shakarian Halicki, in 1998, Kardashian married Jan Ashley, however, the marriage ended in annulment 30 days later. Ashley later claimed frequent upset and turmoil related to Kardashians ex-wife Kris, after dating for three years and proposing in 2001, Kardashian married his third wife, Ellen Pierson, six weeks prior to his death. Kardashian and Simpson first met in the early 1970s and became close friends, following the June 12,1994 murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, Simpson stayed in Kardashians house to avoid the media. Kardashian was the man seen carrying Simpsons garment bag the day that Simpson flew back from Chicago, prosecutors speculated that the bag may have contained Simpsons bloody clothes or the murder weapon. When Simpson failed to turn himself in at 11 a. m. on June 17,1994 and this letter was interpreted by many as a suicide note. Simpson was charged with the murders and subsequently acquitted of all charges in a controversial criminal trial. He sat by Simpson throughout the trial, Kardashian visited Simpson in jail regularly. According to an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Kardashian said and it makes me sick every time I go down there. We cant have any physical contact, I want to hug him, I want to show him that I care
30.
Cinderella
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Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper, is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world, the title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances, that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune. The oldest documented version comes from China, and the oldest European version from Italy, the most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697, and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms Fairy Tales. Although the storys title and main characters change in different languages. The word Cinderella has, by analogy, come to one whose attributes were unrecognized, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity. The still-popular story of Cinderella continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, the Aarne–Thompson system classifies Cinderella as the persecuted heroine. The story of Rhodopis, about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt, is considered the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story, a version of the story, Ye Xian, appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Duan Chengshi around 860. Here, the hardworking and lovely girl befriends a fish, the rebirth of her mother, the fish is later killed by her stepmother and sister. Ye Xian saves the bones, which are magic, and they help her dress appropriately for the New Year Festival, when she loses her slipper after being recognized by her stepfamily, the king finds her slipper and falls in love with her. The Indonesian and Malaysian story Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, are two girls named Bawang Putih and Bawang Merah. While the two countrys respective versions differ in the relationship of the girls and the identity of the protagonist. Both have a fish as the fairy godmother to her daughter. The heroine then finds the bones and buries them, and over the grave a magical swing appears, the protagonist sits on the swing and sings to make it sway, her song reaching the ears of a passing Prince. The swing is akin to the slipper test, which distinguishes the heroine from her sister. In Indonesia, Bawang Putih is the girl, who suffers at the hands of her evil stepmother and stepsister, Bawang Merah. When the Prince enquires after the singer on the swing, Bawang Merah lies, the angry prince forces Bawang Merah and her mother to tell the truth. They then admit that there is another daughter in the house, Bawang Putih comes out and moves the magical swing by her singing. In the end, she and her prince marry and live happily ever after, in the Malaysian version, it is Bawang Merah and her mother Mak Labu who are good, while her half sister Bawang Putih and her mother Mak Kundur are evil
31.
Ian McKellen
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Sir Ian Murray McKellen, CH, CBE is an English actor. He has also received two Oscar nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations, McKellens career spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. The BBC states his performances have guaranteed him a place in the canon of English stage, a recipient of every major theatrical award in the UK, McKellen is regarded as a British cultural icon. He started his career in 1961 at the Belgrade Theatre as a member of their highly regarded repertory company. In the 1970s McKellen became a stalwart of the Royal Shakespeare Company and he has been openly gay since 1988, and continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide. He was made a Freeman of the City of London in October 2014, McKellen was born on 25 May 1939 in Burnley, Lancashire, the son of Margery Lois and Denis Murray McKellen, a civil engineer. He was their child, with a sister, Jean. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 and they lived there until Ian was twelve years old, before relocating to Bolton in 1951, after his father had been promoted. The experience of living through the war as a child had a lasting impact on him. Did I realise that war wasnt normal, when an interviewer remarked that he seemed quite calm in the aftermath of 11 September attacks, McKellen said, Well, darling, you forget—I slept under a steel plate until I was four years old. Even though he lived in Bolton for less than seven years, as opposed to the eleven years in Wigan beforehand. McKellens father was a engineer and lay preacher, and was of Protestant Irish and Scottish descent. Both of McKellens grandfathers were preachers, and his great-great-grandfather, James McKellen, was a strict, evangelical Protestant minister in Ballymena and his home environment was strongly Christian, but non-orthodox. My upbringing was of low nonconformist Christians who felt that you led the Christian life in part by behaving in a Christian manner to everybody you met, when he was 12, his mother died of breast cancer, his father died when he was 24. His great-great-grandfather Robert J. McKellen attended Bolton School, of which he is still a supporter, McKellens acting career started at Bolton Little Theatre, of which he is now the patron. An early fascination with the theatre was encouraged by his parents, in 1958, McKellen, at the age of 18, won a scholarship to St Catharines College, Cambridge, where he read English literature. While at Cambridge, McKellen was a member of the Marlowe Society, at that young age he was already giving performances that have since become legendary such as his Justice Shallow in Henry IV alongside Trevor Nunn and Derek Jacobi, Cymbeline and Doctor Faustus. During this period McKellen had already directed by Peter Hall, John Barton
32.
Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
33.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
34.
Stephen Colbert
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Stephen Tyrone Colbert is an American comedian, television host, and author. Colbert has hosted The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, a television talk show on CBS. Colbert originally studied to be an actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre while attending Northwestern University. He wrote and performed on the short-lived Dana Carvey Show before collaborating with Sedaris and he gained considerable attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet. His work as a correspondent on Comedy Centrals news-parody series The Daily Show gained him wide recognition, in 2005, he left The Daily Show to host a spin-off series, The Colbert Report. The series became one of Comedy Centrals highest-rated series, earning Colbert an invitation to perform as featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents Association Dinner in 2006, Colbert has won nine Primetime Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and two Peabody Awards. Colbert was named one of Times 100 Most Influential People in 2006 and 2012 and his book, I Am America, was #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2007. Colbert was born in Washington, D. C. the youngest of 11 children in a Catholic family and he grew up on James Island, South Carolina. Colbert and his siblings, in descending order by age, are James, Edward, Mary, William, Margo, Thomas, Jay, Elizabeth, Paul, Peter, stephens mother, Lorna Elizabeth Colbert, was a homemaker. In interviews, Colbert has described his parents as people who also strongly valued intellectualism and taught their children that it was possible to question the church. The emphasis his family placed on intelligence and his observation of negative stereotypes of Southerners led Colbert to train himself to suppress his Southern accent while he was quite young. While Colbert sometimes comedically claims his surname is French, he is of 15/16ths Irish ancestry, many of his ancestors emigrated from Ireland to North America in the 19th century before and during the Great Famine. He offered his children the option to pronounce the name whichever way they preferred, Stephen started using /koʊlˈbɛər/ later in life when he transferred to Northwestern University, taking advantage of the opportunity to reinvent himself in a new place where no one knew him. Ed responded /ˈkoʊlbərt/, to which Stephen jokingly replied, See you in Hell and they were en route to enroll the two boys at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. Lorna Colbert relocated the family downtown to the urban environment of East Bay Street in Charleston. Colbert found the transition difficult and did not easily make new friends in his new neighborhood, Colbert later described himself during this time as detached, lacking a sense of importance regarding the things with which other children concerned themselves. He developed a love of science fiction and fantasy novels, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Colbert attended Charlestons Episcopal Porter-Gaud School, where he participated in several school plays and contributed to the school newspaper but was not highly motivated academically. During his adolescence, he briefly fronted A Shot in the Dark, when he was younger, he had hoped to study marine biology, but surgery intended to repair a severely perforated eardrum caused him inner ear damage
35.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
36.
Flight of the Intruder
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Flight of the Intruder is a 1991 film directed by John Milius, based on the novel of the same name by former Grumman A-6 Intruder pilot Stephen Coonts. The film stars Danny Glover, Willem Dafoe, and Brad Johnson, Lieutenant Jake Cool Hand Grafton and his bombardier/navigator and best friend Lieutenant Morgan Morg McPherson are flying a Grumman A-6 Intruder over the Gulf of Tonkin towards North Vietnam. They hit their target, a truck park, which actually turns out to be trees. On the return to carrier, Morg is fatally shot in the neck by an armed Vietnamese peasant, landing on the USS Independence with Morg dead, a disturbed Jake, covered in blood, walks into a debriefing with Commander Frank Camparelli and Executive Officer, Commander Cowboy Parker. Camparelli tells Jake to put Morgans death behind him and to write a letter to Sharon, new pilot Jack Barlow, nicknamed Razor because of his youthful appearance, is then introduced. Jake goes to see Sharon, but she has already departed and he runs into a woman named Callie Troy, who is packing Sharons things, and they have a small, tense encounter. After an altercation with civilian merchant sailors in the Tailhook Bar, after they reconcile, dance and spend the night together, she reveals her husband was a pilot himself and was killed on a solo mission over Vietnam. Jake returns to the carrier, where Camparelli confronts him regarding the bar incident, Cole and Jake are paired on Iron Hand A-6Bs loaded with Standard and Shrike anti-radiation missiles for SAM suppression. During the mission, after a strike, they encounter. Jake suggests to Cole that they bomb Hanoi, which would be a violation of the rules of combat. On the next raid, Boxman hits the target, but is shot down by another SAM. The North Vietnamese in Hanoi gloat on TV over the downing of U. S. aircraft, Cole then agrees with Jakes plan to attack Hanoi, deciding to hit SAM City, a missile depot. He warns Jake and Cole that theres no chance of succeeding in their mission, but he is soundly ignored. Sent to bomb a power plant in the vicinity of Hanoi, arriving at SAM City, on their first pass, their armament computer malfunctions and they are forced to bomb by hand, and after barely surviving a barrage of enemy fire, their bombs fail to release. The two come back around, rerun the route, successfully drop their bombs and manage to obliterate the missile depot in a display of secondary explosions. Upon returning to the carrier, Camparelli angrily chastises the pair for their independent mission, during the preliminary hearing, Cole and Grafton are criticized for their actions, and informed that their naval careers are essentially over. Interestingly, the charges are dropped the day when Operation Linebacker II is ordered by President Richard M. Nixon. Camparelli is hit by a ZSU-23-4 Shilka AA tank and crash lands, sammy Lundeen is hit and has to head for the ocean
37.
Henry Winkler
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Henry Franklin Winkler is an American actor, director, comedian, producer, and author. Winkler is best known for his role as Arthur Fonzarelli in the 1970s American sitcom Happy Days. The Fonz, or Fonzie, a greaser, hot rodder and auto mechanic, started out as a minor character at the shows beginning. He also starred as Sy Mittleman on Adult Swims Childrens Hospital, Winkler also starred on Parks and Recreation. Winkler was born on the West Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York, the son of Ilse Anna Marie Winkler and Harry Irving Winkler, a lumber company president. Winklers Jewish parents emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to the United States in 1939, Winkler said that his parents came to the United States for a six-month business trip but that they knew they were never going back. His father smuggled the only assets the family had left, family jewels, although they did not keep kosher, Winkler was raised in the traditions of Conservative Judaism, but said that he was not religious as an adult. The family attended Congregation Habonim, where his mother, a homemaker and his parents were founding members of the temple. Winkler said he was anxious as a child because of his undiagnosed dyslexia. He said he was considered to be slow, stupid, not living up to my potential and he said his father spoke 11 languages and could do math in his head and did not understand Winklers problems at school, where Winkler would celebrate a C grade. Winkler has said that his relationship with his German parents was strained and he stated his father referred to him as dumb dog and often punished him for his difficulties in school. 87 on W. 78th Street and then graduated from McBurney School in 1963, Winkler said he did not graduate with his class because of his learning disability and problems with a geometry class, which he finally passed after attending summer school. In 1967, Winkler received his B. A. degree from Emerson College, at Emerson, he was a member of the Alpha Pi Theta Fraternity. In 1970, Winkler earned an M. F. A. degree from the Yale School of Drama, in 1978, Emerson awarded Winkler an honorary D. H. L. Winkler has also received an honorary D. H. L. degree from Austin College, Winkler said he had wanted to be an actor from the time he was a young child. Winklers first job on television was as an extra on a show in New York. He received $10 for the role, after working in theater and getting fired from a play in Washington, Winkler moved to New York City and supported himself by appearing in television commercials, one year doing over 30. He was able to support himself with the work so he could do theater for free at Manhattan Theater Club
38.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
39.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
40.
Paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms evolution and interactions with each other, paleontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century BC. The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuviers work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century. The term itself originates from Greek παλαιός, palaios, i. e. old, ancient, ὄν, on, i. e. being, creature and λόγος, logos, i. e. speech, thought, study. Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics. The final quarter of the 20th century saw the development of molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend. The simplest definition is the study of ancient life, paleontology is one of the historical sciences, along with archaeology, geology, astronomy, cosmology, philology and history itself. This means that it aims to describe phenomena of the past, hence it has three main elements, description of the phenomena, developing a general theory about the causes of various types of change, and applying those theories to specific facts. Sometimes the smoking gun is discovered by an accident during other research. Paleontology lies on the boundary between biology and geology since paleontology focuses on the record of past life but its source of evidence is fossils. In addition paleontology often uses techniques derived from other sciences, including biology, osteology, ecology, chemistry, techniques developed in engineering have been used to analyse how ancient organisms might have worked, for example how fast Tyrannosaurus could move and how powerful its bite was. As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised subdivisions, vertebrate paleontology concentrates on fossils of vertebrates, from the earliest fish to the immediate ancestors of modern mammals. Invertebrate paleontology deals with fossils of such as molluscs, arthropods. Paleobotany focuses on the study of plants, but traditionally includes the study of fossil algae. Palynology, the study of pollen and spores produced by plants and protists. Micropaleontology deals with all microscopic fossil organisms, regardless of the group to which they belong, one example is the development of oxygenic photosynthesis by bacteria, which hugely increased the productivity and diversity of ecosystems. This also caused the oxygenation of the atmosphere, together, these were a prerequisite for the evolution of the most complex eukaryotic cells, from which all multicellular organisms are built
41.
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
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The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, also known simply as the PG, is the largest daily newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It has won six Pulitzer Prizes since 1938, the Post-Gazette began its history as a four-page weekly called The Pittsburgh Gazette, first published on July 29,1786 with the encouragement of Hugh Henry Brackenridge. It was the first newspaper published west of the Allegheny Mountains, published by Joseph Hall and John Scull, the paper covered the start of the nation. As one of its first major articles, the Gazette published the newly adopted Constitution of the United States, in 1820, under publishers Eichbaum and Johnston and editor Morgan Neville, the name changed to Pittsburgh Gazette and Manufacturing and Mercantile Advertiser. David MacLean bought the paper in 1822, and later reverted to the former title, craig, whose service lasted from 1829 to 1841, the Gazette championed the Anti-Masonic movement. Craig turned the Gazette into the citys first daily paper, issued every afternoon except Sunday starting on July 30,1833, in 1844, shortly after absorbing the Advocate, the Gazette switched its daily issue time to morning. Its editorial stance at the time was conservative and strongly favoring the Whig party, by the 1850s the Gazette was credited with helping to organize a local chapter of the new Republican Party, and with contributing to the election of Abraham Lincoln. The paper was one of the first to suggest tensions between North and South would erupt in war, after consolidating with the Commercial in 1877, the paper was again renamed and was then known as the Commercial Gazette. In 1900, George T. Oliver acquired the paper, merging it six years later with The Pittsburg Times to form The Gazette Times, the Pittsburgh Post first appeared on September 10,1842, as the Daily Morning Post. It had its origin in three pro-Democratic weeklies, the Mercury, Allegheny Democrat, and American Manufacturer, which came together through a pair of mergers in the early 1840s, the three papers had for years engaged in bitter editorial battles with the Gazette. Like its predecessors, the Post advocated the policies of the Democratic Party and its political opposition to the Whig and later Republican Gazette was so enduring that an eventual combination of the two rivals would have seemed unlikely. The 1920s were a time of consolidation in the long-overcrowded Pittsburgh newspaper market, in 1923, local publishers banded together to acquire and kill off the Dispatch and Leader. After swapping the Sun in return for Hearsts Gazette Times, Block had both morning papers, which he combined to form the Post-Gazette, hearst united the evening papers, creating the Sun-Telegraph. Both new papers debuted on August 2,1927, in 1960, Pittsburgh had three daily papers, the Post-Gazette in the morning, and the Pittsburgh Press and the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph in the evening and on Sunday. The Post-Gazette bought the Sun-Telegraph and moved into the Sun-Telegraphs Grant Street offices, the Post-Gazette tried to publish a Sunday paper to compete with the Sunday Press but it was not profitable, rising costs in general were challenging the companys bottom line. In November 1961, the Post-Gazette entered into an agreement with the Pittsburgh Press Company to combine their production, the Post-Gazette owned and operated its own news and editorial departments, but production and distribution of the paper was handled by the larger Press office. This agreement stayed in place for over 30 years, the agreement gave the Post-Gazette a new home in the Press building, a comfortable upgrade from the hated Sun-Telly barn. Constructed for the Press in 1927 and expanded with a wall in 1962
