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De sphaera mundi
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De sphaera mundi is a medieval introduction to the basic elements of astronomy written by Johannes de Sacrobosco c. 1230. Based heavily on Ptolemy's Almagest, and drawing additional ideas from Islamic
A volvelle from a sixteenth-century edition of Sacrobosco's De Sphaera
A volvelle from a sixteenth-century edition of Sacrobosco's De Sphaera
Picture from a 1550 edition of De sphaera, showing how the curvature of the Earth makes the mast of an approaching ship appear first
Picture from a 1550 edition of De sphaera, showing how the curvature of the Earth makes the mast of an approaching ship appear first
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
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Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age, and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments
18th century Persian brass astrolabe at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science in Cambridge, England. The astrolabe consists of a disk engraved
18th century Persian brass astrolabe at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science in Cambridge, England. The astrolabe consists of a disk engraved with the positions of the celestial bodies.
The Tusi-couple is a mathematical device invented by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of
The Tusi-couple is a mathematical device invented by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of the smaller circle. Rotations of the circles cause a point on the circumference of the smaller circle to oscillate back and forth in linear motion along a diameter of the larger circle.
An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works that explains the different phases of the moon, with respect to the position of the Sun.
An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works that explains the different phases of the moon, with respect to the position of the Sun.
Ibn al-Shatir's model for the appearances of Mercury, showing the multiplication of epicycles using the Tusi-couple, thus eliminating the Ptolemaic ec
Ibn al-Shatir's model for the appearances of Mercury, showing the multiplication of epicycles using the Tusi-couple, thus eliminating the Ptolemaic eccentrics and equant.