Decimation (punishment)
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In the military of ancient Rome, decimation was a form of military discipline in which every tenth man in a group was executed by members of his cohort. The discipline was used by senior commanders in
Decimation. Etching by William Hogarth in Beaver's Roman Military Punishments (1725)
Bust traditionally identified as depicting Marcus Licinius Crassus
Bivouac shelter
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A bivouac shelter or bivvy is any of a variety of improvised camp site or shelter that is usually of a temporary nature, used especially by soldiers or people engaged in backpacking, bikepacking, scou
Decimation (punishment)
…the men were condemned. Their comrades then killed them with clubs before the survivors were then further punished with barley rations and required to bivouac outside the fortified camp. The practice was rare: there are only eleven recorded instances. Five of them date to the late republic from its revival…
A bivouac sack (in red) covering a man within a sleeping bag in Benediktenwand, Germany