1.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
2.
Tennessee
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Tennessee is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States, Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, Tennessees capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the states largest city, with a population of 655,770, the state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1,1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia and this sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. This city was established to house the Manhattan Projects uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the worlds first atomic bomb, Tennessees major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi in present-day Monroe County, the town was located on a river of the same name, and appears on maps as early as 1725. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain, some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean meeting place, winding river, according to ethnographer James Mooney, the name can not be analyzed and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, the spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlakes Draught of the Cherokee Country in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created Tennessee County, the county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new out of the Southwest Territory. Other sources differ on the origin of the nickname, according to the Columbia Encyclopedia. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states, the state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet, Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessees eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River
3.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
4.
Florida A&M University
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Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, commonly known as FAMU, is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Florida A&M University was founded on the highest of seven hills in Tallahassee and it is one of the largest historically black universities in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, the 2017 edition of the U. S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university #1 among public HBCUs and #7 among all HBCUs. In 2016, FAMU was promoted to the second degree R2, in 2015, the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A&M University as the #1 HBCU in the nation for total research and development expenditures. The introduction of leading to the foundation of the college was due to the initiative of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The date also reflects the new Florida Constitution of 1885, which prohibited racial integration in schools and this same act is responsible for the creation of the University of Florida and Florida State University from their previous institutions. Florida A&M is the publicly funded historically black college or university in the state of Florida. In 1951, the university started a pharmacy and nursing program, in order to give these students hands on experience, the university built a hospital. Until 1971 this hospital was the one for 150 miles to serve the black community. In 1963, FAMU students demonstrated against segregation in the city, in 1992,1995, and 1997, FAMU successfully recruited more National Achievement Scholars than Harvard. In 2017, FAMU became the first university to launch an African-American news network through its School of Journalism, the network is named the The Black Television News Channel and is accompanied by a multimillion-dollar, media-training center for aspiring journalists. This network is expected to bring $30 million annually in economic stimulus to the Tallahassee region, the university offers 56 bachelors degrees. 29 masters degrees within 11 of the universitys 13 schools and colleges, two professional degrees and 12 doctoral degree programs are offered. Florida A&M has a program for high-achieving undergraduate students who meet performance criteria. In 2012, FAMU implemented the Medical Scholars Program, MSP is a rigious pre-medical program designed to uniquely prepare academically talented undergraduate students for success in medical school and beyond. There is a cap of 10 freshmen accepted into this competitive four-year program each year, as of 2016, FAMU leads the nation with eight championship titles in the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge. The HCASC is an academic quiz bowl competition sponsored by Honda that is exclusive to the nations HBCUs. Florida A&M University student enrollment population consists primarily of undergraduates, ninety percent of the schools enrolled students are African-American
5.
Pariah (2011 film)
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Pariah is a 2011 American art drama film written and directed by Dee Rees. It tells the story of Alike, a 17-year-old African-American embracing her identity as a lesbian and it premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was awarded the Excellence in Cinematography Award. Alike is a 17-year-old African American girl who hangs out at clubs with her lesbian friend Laura. Alike slowly and firmly comes to terms with her own identity as a lesbian, comfortable in baggy clothes. Her mother Audrey approves of neither her clothes nor her friendship with Laura, Alike has a better relationship with her father Arthur, who is a police officer. Alike begins to develop feelings for Bina, and starts spending time with her than with Laura. Arthur comes back late a few times from work, which angers Audrey, Arthur does not think much about the changes in Alikes life. Believing them to be just a phase, he is supportive of her, one night after going to see an alternative rock band, Alike and Bina are alone in Binas room when Bina begins caressing and kissing Alike. Alike is at first hesitant, having had no experience with physical intimacy. However, she eventually responds and the two spend the night together and her only further interest in Alike seems to be her concern that Alike not tell anyone else about the two of them. Hurt and upset, Alike leaves and returns home and cries for hours, during that time, Audrey and Arthur have an explosive fight about Alike. Despite her sister Sharondas protests, Alike decides to intervene in the fight, disgusted, Audrey viciously attacks Alike while Arthur tries to restrain her. Alike flees to Lauras house where the two friends reconcile, Audrey then tries to forget that anything happened, which annoys the rest of her family. Arthur comes to meet with Alike, apologizes for Audreys actions and requests that Alike come back home, offering half-hearted assurance that if she does, Alike says that she will not return home, but instead plans to move to California to begin college early. She assures her father that, Im not running, Im choosing, before leaving, Alike makes an attempt to reconcile with her mother as well. However, her mother refuses to accept her and offers only that she will be praying for Alike. Arthur, Sharonda and Laura see Alike off on her journey west and the ends with Alike reading a poem she wrote, its theme echoes her words to her father that she is not running. Spike Lee is one of the executive producers, filming took place in and around New York City predominantly in the Fort Greene neighborhood in Brooklyn
6.
Bessie (film)
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Bessie is an HBO TV film about legendary American blues singer Bessie Smith, and focuses on her transformation as a struggling young singer into The Empress of the Blues. The film is directed by Dee Rees, with a screenplay by Rees, Christopher Cleveland, Queen Latifah stars as Smith, and supporting roles are played by Michael Kenneth Williams as Smiths first husband Jack Gee, and MoNique as Ma Rainey. The film premiered on May 16,2015, the film received mostly positive reviews from critics, and received four Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Television Movie. Bessie Smith is a singer from Chattanooga, Tennessee. She and her siblings are orphaned when their parents, William and Laura, die, leaving their oldest sister, Viola, Viola is stern and Bessies childhood is unhappy. She along with her brother Clarence scrape by working for local vaudeville shows and her stage ambitions are frustrated by producers unwilling to feature dark-skinned black women in their shows. Bessie sneaks onto traveling performer Ma Raineys train compartment and asks to join her show, Ma Rainey takes Bessie under her wing and helps her develop her abilities until Bessies popularity causes a schism between the two women. Bessie leaves with Clarence to start her own show, in addition to her lover Lucille, Bessie begins a tumultuous relationship with Jack Gee, a security guard who later becomes her husband and manager. After a humiliating rejection from the newly formed Black Swan Records, eventually, Bessie reconciles with Viola, and moves her and all of her siblings into a mansion to live with her. The move causes additional tension with Jack, and Bessie pushes him further by adopting a young boy, eventually, Lucille leaves Bessie in order to have her own life. Despite her own affair with bootlegger Richard Morgan, Bessie is infuriated upon discovering that Jack is bankrolling his mistress, up, after a violent quarrel, Jack leaves her. Bessie spirals into depression and alcohol, Jack returns, kidnapping Jack Jr. with the assistance of Viola, and takes him to live with him, contending that Bessie is an unfit mother. During the Great Depression, Bessies fortune dissolves, and she, Bessie reconciles with Ma Rainey and takes some time to recuperate from her personal losses. Eventually, she accepts Richards love for her and the two begin a relationship, after hearing Lucille Bogans licentious hit song Til the Cows Come Home, Bessie performs once again and meets a young John Hammond who wishes to produce her comeback tour. Bessies comeback is a success and she reflects on her life while discussing the future with Richard. Queen Latifah as Bessie Smith Michael K, mr. Foote purchased his screenplay back from Columbia and acquired the film rights from biographer Chris Albertson. Upon Horton Footes death in 2009, the script and film became the property of his daughter, actress Hallie Foote. Thus, press releases claim that Bessie has been 22 years in the making, as part of the HBO deal, Queen Latifah is credited as one of the executive producers
7.
Mudbound (novel)
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Mudbound is the debut novel by American author Hillary Jordan published in March 2008. It has been translated into French, Italian, Serbian, Norwegian, the novel took Jordan seven years to write. She started it while studying for an MFA in Creative Writing from Columbia University, while Henry works the land he loves, Laura struggles to raise their two young children in a crude shack with no indoor plumbing or electricity, under the eye of her hateful, racist father-in-law. When it rains, the rise up and swallow the bridge to town. As the McAllans are being tested in every way, two celebrated soldiers of World War II return home to the Delta. Jamie McAllan is everything his older brother Henry is not, charming, handsome, and sensitive to Laura’s plight and it is the unlikely friendship of these two brothers-in-arms, and the passions they arouse in others, that drive the novel to its tragic conclusion. Won the 2006 Bellwether Prize for fiction, founded by author Barbara Kingsolver, publishers Weekly concludes Jordan convincingly inhabits each of her narrators, though some descriptive passages can be overly florid, and the denouement is a bit maudlin. But these are minor blemishes on a superbly rendered depiction of the fury, the novels alternating narrative voices work well. Only Ronsels wartime flashbacks, which are uneasily shoe-horned into the domestic drama. The flat landscape of the Delta and its sudden electric storms provide a suitably gothic backdrop for the denouement to come. Indeed, the last third of the book is downright breathless, but, unfortunately, all of these narrators lack the essential quality of incompleteness. Theyre burdened with such thorough self-knowledge that the book has no room for dramatic irony, Jordan has plenty of talent to compose an engaging story, and when she tries to do less, she may very well end up doing more. Jordan is currently writing a sequel with the working title FATHERLANDS, in MUDBOUND, black American GI Ronsel Jackson has a love affair with a white German woman during the American occupation of Bavaria and ships out for home not knowing he has left her with child. The new novel centers on their son, Franz, who is raised in Germany by his impoverished mother. As one of the Mischlingskinder, mixed-race children who were the products of such controversial unions, at 7, his mother is forced to put him into foster care. At 18, Franz sets off for America, determined to find the father he never knew, there, he is caught up in the turmoil of the Civil Rights struggle and forced to navigate a complex tangle of race, history and politics in his search for self-realization
8.
Hillary Jordan
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Hillary Jordan is an American novelist. She grew up in Dallas and Muskogee, Oklahoma and now lives in Brooklyn and she received a BA from Wellesley College and an MFA in Creative Writing from Columbia University. And has written two novels, Mudbound and When She Woke and also a short story called Aftermirth. She is currently working on her novel, a sequel to Mudbound. Mudbound confronts racism on a farm on the Mississippi Delta in 1946. It was the 2008 NAIBA Fiction Book of the Year and was named one of the Top Ten Debut Novels of the Decade by Paste Magazine, Hillary Jordan website Hillary Jordan interview September 2010
9.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
10.
Empire (2015 TV series)
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Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7,2015 on but began in late 2014. Fox. On January 15,2016, the series was renewed for a third season, on January 11,2017, Fox renewed the series for a fourth season, which will consist of 18 episodes. Looking to groom one of his three sons – Empire CFO Andre, R&B singer-songwriter Jamal, and rapper Hakeem – to take over the family business, Lucious pits them against each other. Empire also stars Taraji P. Henson as Lucious ex-wife Cookie Lyon, who is released from prison after serving a 17-year sentence, and also pulls for control of both the company and her sons. Taraji P. Henson as Loretha Cookie Lyon Lucious outspoken ex-wife, upon her return from prison, she is determined to bring the Lyon family back together and reclaim her share of Empire Entertainment. In the second season, Cookie leaves Empire and starts her own record label, after allowing Empire Entertainment to acquire Lyon Dynasty, she returns to Empire as co-CEO with Lucious and Head of A&R. Cookies new lovers are Malcolm, Laz and Angelo. Gray as Hakeem Lyon The fame-obsessed youngest son and Lucious favorite child, Hakeem starts to find feelings for his mother, Cookie, and has a great relationship with Jamal. He has relationships with Tiana, Camilla, Anika, Valentina, Jussie Smollett as Jamal Lyon The middle son of the Lyon family, a talented gay singer-songwriter who despises the corporate aspect of the music industry. He is estranged from his father who considers him the black sheep of the family, Jamal is Cookies favorite and has a strong relationship with his brother Hakeem. At the end of the first season, Lucious appoints Jamal as his successor and, later and he later relinquishes control of Empire back to Lucious. After being shot accidentally by Freda Gatz in Season 2, Jamal begins to present symptoms of PTSD and his addiction ultimately leads to a visit to rehab. Trai Byers as Andre Lyon The eldest son of the Lyon family and he is Wharton educated, power hungry, and suffers from bipolar disorder. He is married to his sweetheart, Rhonda. He plans to run Empire, but is in a battle for the chair with his younger brothers. In the second season, Andre initially helps Cookie and Hakeem set up Lyon Dynasty, Lucious later promotes Andre to President of Gutter Life Records, a sub-division of Empire Entertainment consisting of mainly urban rappers, such as Freda Gatz. In Season 3, he loses his wife and becomes Nessas new love interest, Grace Gealey as Anika Calhoun Initially the ambitious head of Empire Entertainment A&R who becomes engaged to Lucious, but they eventually separate. After leaving Empire, Anika begins to sleep with Hakeem, leading to Anikas pregnancy, fearful of Rhondas pregnancy and the unborn childs claim to being the Heir of Empire, Anika pushes Rhonda down a set of stairs, leading to the death of her unborn child. Cookie and Anika share a dislike for one another, with Cookie referring to Anika as the derisive nickname Boo Boo Kitty
11.
Dr. Scholl's
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Dr. Scholls is a footwear and foot care brand owned by Bayer in the North and Latin American markets, and by Aurelius AG in its remaining markets worldwide. The brand in the North and Latin American markets was owned by Merck & Co. through its predecessor Schering-Plough until it was sold to Bayer on 1 October 2014, Aurelius AG bought the brand for all other markets from Reckitt Benckiser on 21 July 2014. The company was started by podiatrist William Mathias Scholl in 1906, in Chicago, the original company expanded globally to design and patent over 1000 foot care products, and became a member of the Fortune 500 in 1971. After William Scholl died in 1968, Schering-Plough bought the brand, Schering-Plough imported the product line from China, and has a North American distribution agreement with the Brown Shoe Company. In 1984, Schering-Plough sold the brand and non-North American operations to European Home Products. List of companies based in London Official website
12.
Tisch School of the Arts
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The New York University Tisch School of the Arts is a center of study in the performing and media arts. Founded on August 17,1965, Tisch is a ground for artists, scholars of the arts, filmmakers. The school merges the technical training of a school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines. It is located at 721 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City, NYU has the most alumni working at Broadway theatre. Tisch School of the Arts was founded in order to provide training in theatre and film. The school created additional departments such as dance, theatre design, in recognition of the generosity of the Tisch family, the school was renamed Tisch School of the Arts. Tisch also offers a selection of classes to NYU students not enrolled in any of its programs through the Open Arts curriculum, the Graduate Acting Program offers a three-year MFA that equips acting students with the skills of a working career in theatre and/or film. The Department of the Dance offers training on the graduate and undergraduate level to students preparing for careers as dancers or choreographers, while taking full advantage of the liberal arts resources of the New York University and the cultural resources of the New York City. The Graduate Musical Theater Writing Program is an MFA program specially designed for the major collaborators in the creation of new theater and opera, composers, lyricists. NYU Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program has gained a reputation for its selectivity. Zelda Fichandler became chair of the program in 1984 and stepped down in 2008, in May 2008, Mark Wing-Davey became chair. Graduate Acting alumni have gone on to achieve many acting accolades, faison Edi Gathegi Jordan Gelber,2000 Enver Gjokaj Matthew Gray Gubler Logan Marshall Green Christopher Guest,1971 Danai Gurira Michael C. Many of the faculty have their own independent of the dance department. The program strives to prepare students for the life of a dancer, preparing them by treating their third year students as a company. Students graduate in three years, hence the schedule which is accelerated in order for dancers to graduate earlier than their peers in other college dance programs. Because of brevity of the program, students attend a six-week summer course following their first. During these summer intensives, six different companies come in a week each and teach students their style of movement and this is an excellent way for students to be introduced to companies and have the chance to get noticed and get to know the different companies in an intimate setting. This is unique to the Tisch Dance Program, and is conducive to introducing dancers into the world of auditions
13.
New York University Institute of Fine Arts
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The New York University Institute of Fine Arts is dedicated to graduate teaching and advanced research in the history of art, archaeology and the conservation and technology of works of art. It offers Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Art History and Archeology, the Advanced Certificate in Conservation of Works of Art, the IFA is one of the world’s leading graduate schools and research centers in art history, archaeology, and conservation. The IFA’s doctoral program was ranked among the best in the United States by the National Research Council’s 2011 study. Art history became a field of study at New York University in 1922. In 1932, NYU’s graduate program in art history moved to the Upper East Side in order to teach in the collections of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, in 1936, the Graduate Department moved to the second floor of the Carlyle Hotel on Madison Avenue. Under the leadership of its chairman, Walter W. S. Cook, the Institute was strengthened greatly by refugee professors from the German and Austrian institutions that had given birth to the modern discipline of art history. In 1958, Nanaline Duke and her daughter Doris Duke presented the Institute with the James B, Duke House at 1 East 78th Street. By the end of the year, Robert Venturi had completed the remodeling of the house for the Institute’s use, also in 1958, the Curatorial Studies program was established. Louise Bourgeois, who was married to Goldwater during the time when he taught at the IFA, one of the copies now resides at the IFAs first floor lunch room also known as The Marble Room. The sculpture is a scale model of Duke House with removable roof. The Institute is renowned for its influential and long-standing research in the fields of art history, archeology, the Institute of Fine Arts offers four degree programs. It confers a M. A. and a Ph. D. in the History of Art and Archaeology as well as two certificate programs in Curatorial Studies and the Conservation of Works of Art. The IFA’s Ph. D. program is six years and requires 18 courses. The M. A. program is two years full-time or three years part-time and it requires 10 courses, one foreign language certification, and a master’s thesis. The Advanced Certificate in Conservation is taken jointly with the M. A. program, the Certificate in Curatorial Studies is taken jointly with the Ph. D. program and it requires a residency at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. IFA students have access to academic programs such as archaeological excavations, travel grants, global research locations. There are 26 faculty members who teach at the Institute and Conservation Center, with areas of study ranging from early Egyptian to modern, the Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University has one of the oldest degree-granting conservation program in North America. Students undertake laboratory work, seminars, research projects, and gain experience through fieldwork
14.
Spike Lee
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Shelton Jackson Spike Lee is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His production company,40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, has produced over 35 films since 1983, Lee has acted in ten of his own films. Lees movies have examined race relations, colorism in the community, the role of media in contemporary life, urban crime and poverty. Lee was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Jacqueline Carroll, a teacher of arts and black literature, and William James Edward Lee III, a jazz musician and composer. Lee also had three younger siblings Joie, David, and Cinqué, who all worked in different positions in Lees films. Director Malcolm D. Lee is his cousin, when he was a child, the family moved to Brooklyn, New York. His mother nicknamed him Spike during his childhood and he attended John Dewey High School in Brooklyns Gravesend neighborhood. Lee enrolled in Morehouse College, a black college, where he made his first student film. He took film courses at Clark Atlanta University and graduated with a B. A. in mass communication from Morehouse and he did graduate work at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, where he earned a Master of Fine Arts in film & television. In 1991, Lee taught a course at Harvard about filmmaking and it was there that he received his Master of Fine Arts and was appointed Artistic Director in 2002. Lees independent film, Joes Bed-Stuy Barbershop, We Cut Heads, was the first student film to be showcased in Lincoln Centers New Directors/New Films Festival, in 1985, Lee began work on his first feature film, Shes Gotta Have It. With a budget of $175,000, he shot the film in two weeks, when the film was released in 1986, it grossed over $7,000,000 at the U. S. box office. Lees 1989 film Do the Right Thing was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1989, many people, including Hollywoods Kim Basinger, believed that Do the Right Thing also deserved a Best Picture nomination. Driving Miss Daisy won Best Picture that year, after the 1990 release of Mo Better Blues, Lee was accused of antisemitism by the Anti-Defamation League and several film critics. They criticized the characters of the club owners Josh and Moe Flatbush, Lee denied the charge, explaining that he wrote those characters in order to depict how black artists struggled against exploitation. Lee said that Lew Wasserman, Sidney Sheinberg or Tom Pollock and he said he could not make an antisemitic film because Jews run Hollywood, and thats a fact. His 1997 documentary 4 Little Girls, about the killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham. On May 2,2007, the 50th San Francisco International Film Festival honored Spike Lee with the San Francisco Film Societys Directing Award and he received the 2008 Wexner Prize
15.
Inside Man
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Inside Man is a 2006 American crime thriller film directed by Spike Lee, written by Russell Gewirtz. The film centers on a bank heist on Wall Street over a 24-hour period. Inside Man marks the fourth collaboration between Washington and Lee. Gewirtz spent five years developing the premise before working on what became his first original screenplay. After he completed the script in 2002, Imagine Entertainment purchased it to be made by Universal Studios, after Howard stepped down, his Imagine partner Brian Grazer began looking for a new director to helm the project, and ultimately hired Lee to do so. Principal photography began in June 2005 and concluded in August of that year, inside Man premiered in New York on March 20,2006 before being released in North America on March 24,2006. Upon release, the received a generally positive critical response and was a commercial success. Dalton Russell, seated in what appears to be a jail cell, a team of masked robbers, dressed as painters who call each other by variants of the name Steve, seize control of a Manhattan bank and take the employees and patrons hostage. They divide the hostages into groups and hold them in different rooms, additionally, they take all of the hostages clothes and dress everyone in jumpsuits and masks identical to those of the robbers. This way, the robbers and hostages will be indistinguishable to the police, Police surround the bank and detectives Keith Frazier and Bill Mitchell take charge of the negotiations. Russell, the leader of the robbers, demands food, the police supply pizzas whose boxes include listening devices, these pick up a language which the police finally identify as Albanian. However, they discover that the conversations are just old propaganda recordings of the deceased Albanian communist dictator Enver Hoxha, it becomes clear that the robbers anticipated surveillance. Russell implies that Case started his bank with money that he received from the Nazis for unspecified services which resulted in the deaths of many Jewish people during World War II, White tells Russell that Case will pay him a substantial sum to destroy the contents of the box. She claims she can arrange a minimal jail sentence as Russell and his team have not yet stolen anything or hurt or killed anyone, Frazier demands to inspect the hostages before allowing the robbers to leave and Russell takes him on a tour of the bank. As he is being out, Frazier attacks Russell, but is restrained by another robber. Frazier later explains to Mitchell that his actions were intended to provoke Russell to establish whether he was capable of killing, the robbers counter this theory by shooting a hostage in the head. The execution prompts the ESU team into action and they plan to storm the bank and use rubber bullets to knock out the occupants. However, Frazier discovers that the robbers have planted a listening device on the police, aware of the police plans, the police detain everyone, knowing that some of the hostages are members of the gang, but cant distinguish between the two
16.
When the Levees Broke
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It was filmed in late August and early September 2005, and premiered at the New Orleans Arena on August 16,2006 and was first aired on HBO the following week. The television premiere aired in two parts on August 21 and 22,2006 on HBO and it has been described by Sheila Nevins, chief of HBOs documentary unit, as one of the most important films HBO has ever made. The title is a reference to the tune, When the Levee Breaks, by Kansas Joe McCoy and Memphis Minnie. The documentary was screened at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival on August 31 and it won the Orizzonti Documentary Prize and one of two FIPRESCI awards. In addition, it was shown at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival on September 15 and it won three awards at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards and received a Peabody Award. The documentary is based on video footage and still photos of Katrina and its aftermath. At the end of the last episode is a montage with Fats Dominos Walking to New Orleans on the soundtrack. The films original score is by Terence Blanchard, a New Orleans-born trumpeter who appears in the film, with his mother and aunt, in the style of Michael Apteds Up series, Lee has planned to interview his featured subjects in Levees at least once more. The film focuses on the lives of New Orleans residents after Hurricane Katrina hit. The film shows residents in the midst of dealing with death, devastation. Spike Lee said about the film, New Orleans is fighting for its life and these are not people who will disappear quietly — theyre accustomed to hardship and slights, and theyll fight for New Orleans. This film will showcase the struggle for New Orleans by focusing on the profound loss and this documentary is Spike Lees third, preceded by 4 Little Girls, about the Birmingham church bombing of 1963, and Jim Brown, All-American, about the football player. Shooting for the film three months after Hurricane Katrina hit, when Lee and his camera crew took the first of eight trips to New Orleans. They conducted interviews and taped footage for the film, Lee hoped to hear varying opinions of the storm and responses to the storms destruction. He interviewed nearly 100 people of diverse backgrounds and opinions for his film and it won the 2007 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. At the 63rd Venice International Film Festival the film was awarded the Horizons award in the documentary category, the film was also selected as part of the 2008 Whitney Biennial. The film focuses on the suffering of affected by the disaster. These points are in line with mainstream investigations, including the bipartisan U. S, congressional report, A Failure of Initiative, and the Army Corps of Engineers own studies
17.
Los Angeles Film Festival
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The LA Film Festival is an annual film festival held in June in Culver City, California. It showcases independent, international, feature, documentary and short films, since 2001 it is run by the organization Film Independent, which also has been arranging the annual Film Independent Spirit Awards in Santa Monica since 1985. The festival began as the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival in 1995, the LAIFF ran for six years, until it was absorbed into Film Independent in 2001. At its height, the LAIFF attracted 19,000 attendees, today, the LA Film Festival attracts more than 36,000 visitors. With an attendance of more than 36,000 people, it more than 100 feature films. The event also includes world premieres of such as Disney/Pixars Brave, and a variety of panels, seminars. The Festival features signature programs including the exclusive Filmmaker Retreat, hosted by a film director. In 2010, the Filmmaker Retreat was hosted by Kathryn Bigelow, in 2011, it was hosted by George Lucas at his Skywalker Ranch. In addition to films, it also screens short films created by high school students. Films submitted to the Festival are reviewed by Film Independents programming department, in 2011, the Festival showed over 200 films, music videos and shorts from over 30 countries. The first LAIFF took place over the course of five days in a single location, in 1996, the LAIFF expanded to include the Directors Guild of America Building in Hollywood. In 2001, the Festival became part of the organization Film Independent, in 2006, the Los Angeles Times became the Festivals main sponsor. In 2010 the Festival was moved to the Regal Cinemas at the L. A, live complex in downtown Los Angeles, with additional screenings at several other downtown venues including the Downtown Independent, Orpheum Theatre and the REDCAT Theatre. The Festival also has a tradition of screenings at the open-air John Anson Ford Amphitheatre in Hollywood. Free screenings are scheduled at California Plaza, in conjunction with Grand Performances, today the LA Film Festival attracts over 36,000 visitors. The LA Film Festival is a festival in all categories for Film Independents Spirit Awards. It is also a festival for the short films categories of the Academy Awards. During the festival of 2009, festival officials was approached by Dole Food Company, Dole urged festival officials to immediately cease and desist their sponsorship of the documentary Bananas. *, directed by Fredrik Gertten
18.
Monrovia
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Monrovia /mənˈroʊviə/ is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia. Located on the Atlantic Coast at Cape Mesurado, Monrovia had a population of 1,010,970 as of the 2008 census, with 29% of the total population of Liberia, Monrovia is the countrys most populous city. The ex-Caribbean slaves came to Liberia to live a life, to be free. The first ex-Caribbean slaves who came to Liberia were from Barbados, another group of settlers, some 350 ex-Caribbean slaves, came from Saint Kitts and Nevis. The last two groups of settlers from the Caribbean islands were some 483 from Grenada and some 400 from Saint Lucia, Monrovia is Liberias cultural, political and financial hub. The body that administers the government of Greater Monrovia District is the Monrovia City Corporation, founded on April 25,1822, Monrovia was the second permanent Black American settlement in Africa after Freetown, Sierra Leone. Monrovias economy is shaped primarily by its harbour and its role as the location of Liberias government offices and it is the worlds poorest city according to TheRichest. Monrovia is named in honor of U. S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization of Liberia, along with Washington, D. C. it is one of two national capitals to be named after a U. S. President. They landed at Sherbro Island in present-day Sierra Leone, many settlers died in the landing. In January 7,1822, a second ship rescued the settlers and took them to Cape Mesurado, of the 4,000 residents,2,500 were Americo-Liberian. By 1926, ethnic groups from Liberias interior began migrating to Monrovia in search of jobs, in 1979, the Organisation of African Unity held their conference in the Monrovia area, with then president William R. Tolbert as chairman. During his term, Tolbert improved public housing in Monrovia and decreased by 50% the tuition fees at the University of Liberia, a military coup led by Samuel Doe ousted the Tolbert government in 1980, with many members being executed. The city was damaged in the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars, notably during the siege of Monrovia, with many buildings damaged. Major battles occurred between Samuel Does government and Prince Johnsons forces in 1990 and with the NPFLs assault on the city in 1992. A legacy of the war is a population of homeless children and youths. In 2002, Leymah Gbowee organized the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace with local women praying and singing in a market in Monrovia. This movement helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003 and the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in Liberia, in 2014, the city was affected by the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak. The Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia was declared over on 3 September 2015, Monrovia lies along the Cape Mesurado peninsula, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mesurado River, whose mouth forms a large natural harbor
19.
2011 Sundance Film Festival
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The 27th annual Sundance Film Festival took place from January 20,2011 until January 30,2011 in Park City, Utah, with screenings in Salt Lake City, Utah, Ogden, Utah, and Sundance, Utah. The festival opened with five screenings, one from each category in competition, Sing Your Song, Pariah, The Guard, Project Nim, the New Frontier category opened with All That Is Solid Melts into Air. The closing night film was The Son of No One, there were 750 sponsors of the festival and 1,670 volunteers. Attendance was initially estimated at 60,000 people,3,812 feature films were submitted, including 1,943 from the US and 1,869 internationally. From these,118 feature films were selected and include 95 world premieres,6,467 short films were submitted,81 short films were selected to be screened and 12 shorts are viewable on YouTube. The festival had films from 40 first-time filmmakers, representing 29 countries, keri Putnam, Executive Director of the Sundance Institute said, For an artist to make it to the Festival among 10,000 submissions is an incredible achievement in his or her own right. For the second year in a row, Sundance Selects selected five films to make available nationwide through video on demand, Kaboom, Mad Bastards, Septien, These Amazing Shadows, and Uncle Kent. For a full list of films appearing at the festival, see List of films at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival,12 short films from the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and 8 classic shorts were available to watch online at the YouTube Screening Room. Each series is scheduled to run for 6 weeks, beginning January 6,2011, launched on January 6,2011 were shorts from past years by filmmakers with feature films at this years festival.410806, -75. S. Documentary - Buck Audience Award, U. S, Dramatic - Circumstance World Cinema Audience Award, Documentary - Senna World Cinema Audience Award, Dramatic - Kinyarwanda Best of NEXT Audience Award - to. get. her U. S. Directing Award, Documentary - Jon Foy for Resurrect Dead, The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles U. S. S. S, Documentary - Eric Strauss, Ryan Hill and Peter Hutchens for The Redemption of General Butt Naked Excellence in Cinematography Award, U. S. Documentary Special Jury Prize - Being Elmo, A Puppeteers Journey U. S, on January 28,2011 the Alfred P. Sloan Prize was awarded to the film Another Earth. All of the awards were announced January 29 at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival Awards Ceremony, the 23 jury members, which award prizes to films, were announced on January 17,2011. Helen Fisher was initially announced as a member of the Alfred P. Sloan Prize Jury, additional award presenters included Ray Liotta, Joshua Leonard, and Vera Farmiga. Redford said This year, what has excited me, is I think the quality is increasing in diversity and is increasing in depth, the AP reported that Redford said its always a relief when the festival ends because its really exhausting. S. Dramatic competition which he said are, frankly, often the weakest parts of the festival and he also wrote that the foreign language film competition is a strength at Sundance, and yet that field is given even less popular attention than the documentaries. Peter Knegt wrote that years festival probably wont replicate last years Oscar record. He said Despite a huge surge in sales, this years Sundance slate looks like it might be the least Oscar-friendly in some time, Dramatic Grand Jury Prize winners have been nominated for Best Picture for two years
20.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
21.
Audre Lorde
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Audre Lorde was a black writer, feminist, womanist, and civil rights activist. As a poet, she is best known for mastery and emotional expression, as well as her poems that express anger and outrage at civil. Her poems and prose largely deal with related to civil rights, feminism. It is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths, for the masters tools will never dismantle the masters house. They may allow us temporarily to him at his own game. And this fact is only threatening to women who still define the masters house as their only source of support. Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean immigrants from Barbados and Carriacou, Frederick Byron Lorde and Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde, Lordes mother was of mixed ancestry but could pass for white, which was a source of pride for her family. Lordes father was darker than the Belmar family liked, and they allowed the couple to marry because of Byron Lordes charm, ambition. Nearsighted to the point of being blind and the youngest of three daughters, Audre Lorde grew up hearing her mothers stories about the West Indies. At the age of four, she learned to talk while she learned to read and she wrote her first poem when she was in the eighth grade. Lordes relationship with her parents was difficult from a young age and she spent very little time with her father and mother, who were both busy maintaining their real estate business in the tumultuous economy after the Great Depression. When she did see them, they were cold or emotionally distant. Lordes difficult relationship with her mother figured prominently in her later poems, as a child, Lorde struggled with communication, and came to appreciate the power of poetry as a form of expression. She memorized a great deal of poetry, and would use it to communicate, to the extent that, If asked how she was feeling, Audre would reply by reciting a poem. Around the age of twelve, she began writing her own poetry and connecting with others at her school who were considered outcasts and she attended Hunter College High School, a secondary school for intellectually gifted students, and graduated in 1951. In 1954, she spent a year as a student at the National University of Mexico. During this time, she confirmed her identity on personal and artistic levels as both a lesbian and a poet, on her return to New York, Lorde attended Hunter College, and graduated in the class of 1959. While there, she worked as a librarian, continued writing and she furthered her education at Columbia University, earning a masters degree in Library Science in 1961
22.
Zami: A New Spelling of My Name
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Zami, A New Spelling of My Name is a 1982 autobiography by African American poet Audre Lorde. It started a new genre that the author calls biomythography, Audre Lorde grows up in Harlem, a child of Black West Indian parents. Legally blind as a child, she learns to read before going to school, the familys landlord hangs himself for having to rent his flat to Black people, later they take a trip to Washington D. C. where they are refused ice-cream because of segregation laws. After getting her first period at age 15, she makes friends with a number of non-Black girls. She is even elected literary editor of the arts magazine - she has started writing poetry. After graduation, she leaves home and shares a flat with friends of Jeans, at the same time, she also goes out with Peter, a white boy who jilts her on New Years Eve - she is pregnant and decides on an abortion. After some unhappy times at Hunter College, she moves to Stamford, Connecticut, to work in a factory. Following her fathers death, she returns to NYC and starts a relationship with Bea, there, she goes to university and works as a secretary in a hospital. In Cuernavaca, she meets a lot of independent women, mostly lesbians, she has a relationship one of them, Eudora. Back in NYC, Audre explores the lesbian bar scene, moves in with lover Muriel, then another lesbian, Lynn, moves in with them and ends up leaving without warning and with their savings. Finally, Audre begins a relationship with a mother named Afrekete, the book ends on a homage to Audres mother. She prepares lunch for the Dad, each child is asked once or twice a year which dish they would like her to prepare for dinner. The Dad keeps his distance, unless the Mom is in anyway disrespected or talked back to and she is always longing for home, the island community she emigrated from. She is able to work as a cleaner, but only because she is light enough to pass as Spanish. When the employer finds out she is black, she is fired and she refuses the free milk given to poor families. Phyllis and Helen, Audres older sisters, the Branded, Audres friends at high school. Maxine, Audres Jewish friend at high school, genevieve, Audres closest friend in high school who takes dance classes and commits suicide. Philip Thompson, Gennies father who left early and comes back when she is 15
23.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
24.
Queen Latifah
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Dana Elaine Owens, known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah, is an American rapper, songwriter, singer, actress, model, television producer, record producer, and talk show host. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year and her second album, Nature of a Sista, was her final album with Tommy Boy Records. Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single and her third album Black Reign, spawned the single U. N. I. T. Y. Which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 and she then starred in the lead role of Set It Off and released her fourth album, Order in the Court, in 1998, with Motown Records. Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago, in 2007 and 2009, she released two more studio albums – Travlin Light and Persona. She created the talk show The Queen Latifah Show, which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS. Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie and she has long been considered one of hip-hops pioneer feminists. Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006, Latifah was born in Newark, New Jersey on March 18,1970, and lived primarily in East Orange, New Jersey. She is the daughter of Rita, a teacher at Irvington High School and Lancelot Owens, Sr and her parents divorced when Latifah was ten. Latifah was raised in the Baptist faith and attended Catholic school in Newark and her stage name, Latifah, meaning delicate and very kind in Arabic, she found in an Arabic book of names when she was eight. Always tall, the 5-foot-10-inch Latifah was a forward on her high school basketball team. She performed the number Home from the musical The Wiz in a school play. He gave the recording to Fab 5 Freddy, the host of Yo, the song got the attention of Tommy Boy Music employee Dante Ross, who signed Latifah and in 1988 issued her first single, Wrath of My Madness. Latifah made her mark in hip-hop by rapping about issues of black women and her songs covered topics including domestic violence, harassment on the streets, and relationship problems. Freddy helped Latifah sign with Tommy Boy Records, which released Latifahs first album All Hail the Queen in 1989 and that year, she appeared as Referee on the UK label Music of Life album 1989—The Hustlers Convention. She received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1992, in 1998, co-produced by Ro Smith, now CEO of Def Ro Inc. she released her fourth hip-hop album Order in the Court, which was released by Motown Records. Latifah was also a member of the hip-hop collective Native Tongues, after Order in the Court, Latifah shifted primarily to singing soul music and jazz standards, which she had used sparingly in her previous hip-hop-oriented records. In 2004, she released the soul/jazz standards The Dana Owens Album, on July 11,2007, Latifah sang at the famed Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles as the headlining act in a live jazz concert
25.
Bessie Smith
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Bessie Smith was an American blues singer. Nicknamed the Empress of the Blues, she was the most popular female singer of the 1920s and 1930s. She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was an influence on other jazz singers. The 1900 census indicates that Smith was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in July 1892, the 1910 census gave her age as 16. A birth date of April 15,1894, appears on subsequent documents and was observed as her birthday by the Smith family, the 1870 and 1880 censuses report three older half-siblings, but later interviews with Smiths family and contemporaries did not mention them among her siblings. She was the daughter of Laura and William Smith, a laborer and he died while his daughter was too young to remember him. By the time Bessie was nine, her mother and a brother had also died and her older sister Viola took charge of caring for her siblings. To earn money for their household, Smith and her brother Andrew began busking on the streets of Chattanooga, she sang and danced. Their favorite location was in front of the White Elephant Saloon at Thirteenth and Elm streets, in 1904, her oldest brother, Clarence, left home, joining a small traveling troupe owned by Moses Stokes. If Bessie had been old enough, she would have gone with him, said Clarences widow, thats why he left without telling her, but Clarence told me she was ready, even then. Of course, she was only a child, in 1912, Clarence returned to Chattanooga with the Stokes troupe and arranged an audition for his sister with the managers of the troupe, Lonnie and Cora Fisher. She was hired as a rather than a singer, because the company already included the well-known singer Ma Rainey. Smith eventually moved on to performing in various lines, making the 81 Theater in Atlanta her home base. She also performed in shows on the circuit and became its biggest star after she signed a recording contract with Columbia Records. Smiths recording career began in 1923 and she was then living in Philadelphia, where she met Jack Gee, a security guard, whom she married on June 7,1923, just as her first record was being released. Their marriage was stormy with infidelity on both sides, including numerous female lovers for Bessie, Gee was impressed by the money but never adjusted to show business life or to Smiths bisexuality. In 1929, when she learned of his affair with singer, Gertrude Saunders, Smith ended the relationship. Smith later entered a marriage with an old friend, Richard Morgan
26.
Carey Mulligan
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Carey Hannah Mulligan is an English actress and singer. She made her debut on stage in London in the Kevin Elyot play Forty Winks in 2004. Her feature film debut was as Kitty Bennet in the 2005 film adaptation of Pride & Prejudice and she had early roles on British television in such programmes as Bleak House, and Doctor Who. In 2008, she made her Broadway debut in a revival of Chekhovs The Seagull to critical acclaim, Mulligan received widespread recognition for her performance in the film An Education. For her role as Jenny Mellor, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. In 2015, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in the Broadway revival of David Hares Skylight. She is also known for her roles in Never Let Me Go, Drive, Shame, The Great Gatsby, Inside Llewyn Davis, Far from the Madding Crowd and she is an ambassador for the Alzheimers Society and War Child. She is married to British musician Marcus Mumford, with whom she has a daughter, Mulligan was born in Westminster, London, to a middle-class family, the daughter of Nano and Stephen Mulligan. Her father is of Irish descent and was originally from Liverpool and her mother is from Llandeilo, Wales. She has a brother, Owain, who was formerly a captain in the British Army who served in Iraq. Her mother is a university lecturer and her father is a hotel manager and her parents met while they were both working in a hotel in their twenties. When she was three years old, her moved to Germany when her father was hired to manage a hotel there. While living in Germany, Mulligan and her brother attended the International School of Düsseldorf, when she was eight, she and her family moved back to England. As a teenager, she was educated at Woldingham School in Surrey and her interest in acting sparked from watching her brother perform in a school production of The King and I when she was six. During rehearsals, she pleaded with his teachers to let her be in the play and they let her join the chorus. While enrolled in Woldingham School as teen, she was involved in theatre. She was the student head of the department there, performing in plays and musicals, conducting workshops with younger students. When she was 16, she attended a production of Henry V starring Kenneth Branagh and his performance emboldened her and reinforced her belief that she wanted to pursue a career in acting
27.
Garrett Hedlund
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Garrett Hedlund is an American actor, model and singer. His films include Friday Night Lights, Troy, Four Brothers, Eragon, Country Strong, Tron, Legacy, On the Road, Inside Llewyn Davis, Unbroken, Hedlund was born in Roseau, Minnesota, to Kristine Anne and Robert Martin Hedlund. He is the youngest of three children, with a brother, Nathaniel, and a sister, Amanda and his father is of Swedish descent and his mother is of Norwegian and German ancestry. Hedlund was raised on a beef cattle farm near the small town of Wannaska. He subsequently modeled for L. L. Bean and Teen magazine, in 2003, at the age of eighteen, Hedlund moved to Los Angeles to pursue his acting career. Hedlund made his film debut as Patroclus in the mythological epic adventure war drama Troy with Brad Pitt. The film was released on May 14,2004 and he also co-starred as Don Billingsley in the 2004 sports drama Friday Night Lights with Billy Bob Thornton, Connie Britton and Tim McGraw, in which McGraw played his abusive father. He co-starred with Mark Wahlberg in the crime drama Four Brothers as Jack Mercer and he co-starred in the fantasy-adventure film Eragon as Murtagh. In 2007, he co-starred in the comedy-drama Georgia Rule with Lindsay Lohan, Jane Fonda and Felicity Huffman, the film was released May 11,2007, was panned by critics and failed to surpass box office expectations, only making a lifetime gross of $41 million. That same year, he co-starred in the crime thriller Death Sentence with Kevin Bacon, in 2010, he co-starred with Jeff Bridges in the science fiction/action film Tron, Legacy, a sequel to the 1982 film Tron. The film was released on December 17,2010 and he recorded several songs for the film including Chances Are which appeared on Country Strong, Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Six other songs including a duet with Meester were featured on a soundtrack titled Country Strong. Hedlund was cast as Kaneda Shotaro in the version of Akira. He also co-starred as Dean Moriarty in the 2012 adventure drama On the Road with Kristen Stewart, Amy Adams, Steve Buscemi, Terrence Howard, Kirsten Dunst, the film was directed by Walter Salles and based on Jack Kerouacs novel of same name. Disney stated in December 2012 that Hedlund would reprise his role of Sam Flynn in the sequel to Tron, in 2014, Hedlund co-starred in the historical drama Unbroken directed by Angelina Jolie. Hedlunds duet with Meester—Give In to Me— was the song to chart as a single, reaching #79 on the Billboard Hot 100. On June 7,2011 Hedlund was named Man of the Year at the Glamour Awards, Garrett Hedlund at the Internet Movie Database Garrett Hedlund at the TCM Movie Database Garrett Hedlund at AllMovie
28.
Jason Clarke
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Jason Clarke is an Australian film and television actor. Clarke has appeared in many TV series, and is known for playing Tommy Caffee on the television series Brotherhood and he has also appeared in many films, often as an antagonist. Some of his roles include Death Race, Public Enemies, Zero Dark Thirty, White House Down, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, Terminator Genisys. Clarke was born and brought up in Winton, Queensland and his father worked as a sheep shearer. Clarke has made many Australian television appearances, including Murder Call, Wildside, Home and Away, Blue Heelers, All Saints, Farscape, White Collar Blue and he played Tommy Caffee on the Showtime series Brotherhood. He has appeared in films as The Human Contract, Death Race. Clarke played Red Hamilton in the 2009 film Public Enemies, in April 2010, he was cast in the thriller film Texas Killing Fields. He also played Detective Jarek Wysocki in the 2011 Fox series The Chicago Code, Clarke played a major role in the 2012 crime film Lawless. He played George Wilson in the 2013 remake of The Great Gatsby, also, in 2013, he played ruthless terrorist leader Emil Stenz in White House Down. He played Malcolm in the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, in 2015s Terminator Genisys, Clarke portrayed John Connor, and the film grossed over $440 million worldwide. Jason Clarke at the Internet Movie Database
29.
Mary J. Blige
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Mary Jane Blige is an American singer, songwriter, model, record producer and actress. My Life, in particular, is considered among the greatest albums ever recorded according to Rolling Stone, Time, for her part in combining hip hop and soul in the early 1990s and its subsequent commercial success, Blige received the Legends Award at the World Music Awards. Blige made Time magazines Time 100 list of individuals around the world in 2007. As of 2013, Blige has sold more than 50 million albums and 25 million singles worldwide, Billboard ranked Blige as the most successful female R&B artist of the past 25 years. The magazine also lists her 2006 song Be Without You as the top R&B song of the 2000s, in 2011, VH1 ranked Blige as the 80th greatest artist of all time. Moreover, she is ranked number 100 on the list of 100 greatest singers of all time by Rolling Stone magazine, in 2012, VH1 ranked Blige at number 9 in The 100 Greatest Women in Music. Blige also earned high remarks for her work in film and she starred in the 2009 Tyler Perry box-office hit I Can Do Bad All By Myself and played a role in the film Rock of Ages. She received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her contribution to the film The Help. In partnership with the Home Shopping Network and Carols Daughter, Blige released her My Life perfume, the perfume broke HSN records by selling 65,000 bottles during its premiere. The scent went on to win two FiFi Awards, including the Fragrance Sales Breakthrough award, in 2017, she stars in the period drama film Mudbound directed by Dee Rees. Blige spent her years in Richmond Hill, Georgia, where she sang in a Pentecostal church. Blige later moved to Schlobohm Houses in Yonkers, New York, immediately north of New York City, Blige dropped out of high school in her junior year. Pursuing a musical career, Blige spent a period of time in a Yonkers band named Pride with band drummer Eddie DAprile. In early 1988, she recorded a cover of Anita Bakers Caught Up in the Rapture at a recording booth in the Galleria Mall in White Plains. Her mothers boyfriend at the later played the cassette for Jeff Redd. Redd sent it to the president and CEO of the label, Harrell met with Blige and in 1989 she was signed to the label, becoming the companys youngest and first female artist. After being signed to Uptown Records, Blige began working with record producer Puff Daddy and he became the executive producer and produced a majority of the album. Derived from Bliges past occupation as a 4-1-1 operator, it was also an indication by Blige of being the real deal, the music was described as revelatory on a frequent basis
30.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
31.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
32.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
33.
Amazon Prime
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Amazon Prime is a paid subscription service offered by Amazon. com that gives users access to free shipping, streaming items and other benefits for a monthly or yearly fee. In March 2014, Amazon announced an increase in the membership fee for Amazon Prime. Shortly after this change, Amazon announced Prime Music, a service members can get unlimited, ad-free streaming of over a million songs. In November 2014, Amazon added Prime Photos, which allows unlimited photo storage in the users Amazon Drive, Amazon also began offering free same-day delivery to Prime members in 14 United States metropolitan areas in May 2015. In April 2015, Amazon started a partnership with Audi. This project is available on the Munich area to some Audi connected car users. On July 15,2015, to commemorate its 20th birthday, Amazon celebrated Amazon Prime Day, on July 13,2016, Amazon Prime said customers placed 60 percent more orders worldwide on Prime Day. In December 2015, Amazon stated that tens of millions of people are Amazon Prime members, Amazon Prime added 3 million members during the third week of December 2015. Among the programming involved in the program are Showtime, Starz, Lifetime Movie Club, Smithsonian Earth. In January 2016, Amazon Prime reached 54 million members according to a report from Consumer Intelligence Research Partners, in September 2016, Amazon launched a restaurant delivery for Prime members in London. It was reported delivery fee on all orders is free for Prime members with an order of £15.00. In December 2016, Amazon began offering prime membership for a monthly, instead of yearly fee, in December 2016, Amazon announced Wickedly Prime, a private-label line of food and beverages available to Prime members. Prime Music is a Spotify/Google Play Music competitor that offer a library of millions of songs to Amazon Prime members at no added cost, the service debuted on September 7,2006 as Amazon Unbox in the United States. On September 4,2008, the service was renamed Amazon Video on Demand, the Unbox name still refers to the local program, which as of August 2014 is no longer available for downloading purchased instant videos. On February 22,2011, the service rebranded as Amazon Instant Video and added access to 5,000 movies,25,000 daily essential products are available with this delivery service. In February 2015, the service was extended to all of Manhattan. By mid-2016, it had expanded in the United States to include parts of Chicago, Miami, Baltimore, Dallas, Atlanta, Austin, Nashville, San Antonio. Outside of the United States, it has expanded to London, Birmingham, newcastle, Manchester, Liverpool, Milan, Munich, Berlin, Paris, Barcelona, Madrid and Tokyo
34.
Gotham Awards
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Film community – to nine awards, including in its broader scope films originating in Los Angeles, California, and international locations as well. From 1991 to 2002, the Tribute Award, also called Career Tribute, was awarded as a Lifetime Achievement Award to one each year. As of the 2003 Gotham Awards, the IFP replaced all mentioned individual category awards with Career Tributes, the 15th Annual Gotham Awards were awarded on November 30,2005. The 16th Annual Gotham Awards were awarded on November 29,2006, the 17th Annual Gotham Awards were awarded on November 27,2007. The 18th Annual Gotham Awards were awarded on December 2,2008, the 19th Annual Gotham Awards were presented on December 1,2009. The 20th Annual Gotham Awards were presented on November 29,2010, the 21st Annual Gotham Awards were presented on November 28,2011. The 22nd Annual Gotham Awards were presented on November 26,2012, the 23rd Annual Gotham Awards were presented on December 2,2013. The 24th Annual Gotham Awards were presented on December 1,2014, the 25th Annual Gotham Awards were presented on November 30,2015. The 26th Annual Gotham Awards were presented on November 28,2016, list of film awards gotham. ifp. org, the awards official website Gotham Awards at the Internet Movie Database
35.
Independent Spirit Awards
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
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