Deep sea mining
Videos
Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep sea. The main ores of commercial interest are polymetallic nodules, which are found at depths of 4–6 km primarily on the abyss
Polymetallic nodules on the deep seabed in the CCZ
Example of manganese nodule that can be found on the sea floor
Discoverer Inspiration delivers new containment cap to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on 10 July 2010. In the background are the Discoverer Enterprise, GSF Development Driller II, and Helix Producer I
The International Seabed Authority is a Kingston, Jamaica-based intergovernmental body of 171 Member States plus the European Union. It was established under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the S
Deep sea mining
…the initial mining area. As of July 2024, only exploratory licenses have been issued, with no commercial-scale deep sea mining operations yet. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulates all mineral-related activities in international waters and has granted 31 exploration licenses so far: 19 for polymetallic nodules…
ISA Headquarters
Investigation into manganese nodule mining on the seabed in the Clarion–Clipperton zone
Greenpeace's Esperanza
Satya N. Nandan 2008