Deir al-Asad
| Deir al-Asad דייר אל-אסד دير الأسد | |
|---|---|
| Local council | |
 View of Deir al-Asad, 2007 | |
  Deir al-Asad | |
| Coordinates: 32°55′11″N 35°16′19″E / 32.91972°N 35.27194°E | |
| Grid position | 175/260 PAL |
| Country | Israel |
| District | North |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,756 dunams (4.8 km2 or 1.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • Total | 12,106[1] |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | IDT (UTC+3) |
Deir al-Asad (Hebrew: דֵיר אֶל-אַסַד; Arabic: دير الأسد) is an Arab town in the Galilee region of Israel, near Karmiel.[2] In 2003, the municipality of Deir al-Asad merged with Majd al-Krum and Bi'ina to form the city of Shaghur. However, it was reinstated in 2008 after Shaghur was dissolved.[2] In 2017 it had a population of 12,106.[1]
Contents
Etymology[edit]
Deir al-Asad means "the lion's monastery" in Arabic.[3] The village was named after a leader.[who?]
History[edit]
In the Crusader era, the site was a Christian settlement, La Bana, with a monastery named for St. George nearby. Upon arrival of the Ottoman Turks, the Christians were expelled by Sultan Suleiman I and their descendants later founded the nearby settlement of Bi'ina. The lands of the original Christian settlement and the monastery were given by the Sultan to the sheikh Al-Asad A-Zaffah from Safed and the latter founded the current village.[citation needed]
Ottoman era[edit]
Deir al-Asad and nearby Bi'ina were both inhabited by members of the Druze community when Victor Guérin visited in the 1875,[4] but by the late 1870s, they had emigrated to the Hauran to avoid conscription by the Ottoman army.[5]
In the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) in 1881, Deir al-Asad was described as a village of 600 Muslims, containing a few ruins of the original Christian settlement. It was surrounded by olive-trees and arable land, with a spring nearby.[6]
A population list from about 1887 showed that Deir al-Asad had about 725 inhabitants; all Muslims.[7]
British Mandate era[edit]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Dair al-Asad had a population of 749, all Muslim,[8] increasing in the 1931 census to 858, still all Muslims, living in total of 179 houses.[9]
By the 1945 statistics, Deir el Asad had 1,100 inhabitants, all Muslims.[10] They owned a total of 8,366 dunams of land, while 7 dunams were public.[11] 1,322 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,340 used for cereals,[12] while 38 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[13]
1948, and aftermath[edit]
The town is mostly populated by the Asadi, Dabbah and Musa families.[citation needed]
Before 1962 the village of Deir al-Asad was self-sufficient in food. It produced enough meat, fruit, wheat and vegetables for itself and sold the surplus in Acre or Nazareth. In 1962 its land in the Majd al-Kurum valley was confiscated for the Karmiel town project, and the village was thereby stripped of its most fertile acres. Only the hill land to the north, consisting mainly of olive groves, remained. This confiscation of land ruined the economy of Deir al-Asad. Today only 10% of the labour force can work on the land, over 80% have to commute daily to the factories of Haifa or work as labourers on Jewish farms.[14][15]
Historic buildings[edit]
Crusader abbey and church remains[edit]
The large remains of a Crusader times church and abbey was already noted by Guérin and the "Survey of Western Palestine".[4][16] Guérin noted after his 1875 visit that: 'Constructed of small stones very regularly cut, this church had three naves and three apses. Its windows were narrow, and fashioned like actual loopholes, and several details of its architecture show a knowledge of art. Unfortunately the Druses have half demolished it, and what they have spared has been converted into a stable.'[17] Denys Pringle named it "The abbey Church of St. George," and dated it do the 12th century.[18]
Mosque and tomb of al-Assad al-Safadi[edit]
The mosque and tomb of al-Assad al-Safadi is a two-domed structure, situated about 50 meters south of the Crusader abbey and church remains. Al-Muhibbi, a biographer writing in 1569, told that al-Assad was a Sufi sage, who was settled in the village with his children and followers after Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent had driven the Christians out. The smaller chamber, to the north, holds the tomb of al-Assad al-Safadi, while the southern, larger chamber holds a prayer hall. To the east there is a courtyard.[19]
Notable residents[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
- ^ a b Lessons in an Arab Israeli village Dayton Jewish Observer, 24 May 2011
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 42
- ^ a b Guérin, 1880, p. 446
- ^ Firro, 1992, p. 166
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 150
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 174
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 100
- ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970 p. 40.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
- ^ Gilmour, 1983, p. 108.
- ^ Amun, Davis, and San´allah, 1977, pp. 4–5.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 153
- ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 446, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 168
- ^ Pringle, 1993, pp. 80 -92
- ^ Petersen, 2001, pp. 131-132
- ^ GeoCities Mahmoud Darwish Biography. Sameh Al-Natour.
Bibliography[edit]
- Amun, H.; Davis, U.; San´allah, N. D. (1977). Deir al-Asad: The Destiny of an Arab Village in Galilee, in Palestinian Arabs in Israel: Two Case Studies. London: Ithaca Press.
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Ellenblum, Ronnie (2003). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521871. (pp. 167 - 169 )
- Firro, Kais (1992). A History of the Druzes. 1. BRILL. ISBN 9004094377.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3,4): 155–173; 244–253. (p. 165)
- Gilmour, David (1983). Dispossessed: The Ordeal of the Palestinians. United Kingdom: Sphere Books.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0.
- Pringle, Denys (1993). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem). I. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 39036 2.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
External links[edit]
- Welcome To Dayr al-Asad
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: IAA, Wikimedia commons
