1.
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)
–
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, in New Delhi, India, is a multipurpose sports arena hosting football and other sporting events, as well as large-scale entertainment events. It is named after the first Prime Minister of India, the all-seater facility seats 60,000 spectators, and up to 100,000 for concerts. In terms of seating capacity, it is the fourth largest multipurpose stadium in India, the stadium complex also houses the headquarters of the Sports Authority of India, the field arm of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, and Indian Olympic Association. In preparation for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the stadium reduced its capacity from 78,000 to 60,254 spectators, the stadium played host to Amnesty Internationals Human Rights Now. Benefit Concert on 30 September 1988, the show was headlined by Sting and Peter Gabriel, and also featured Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Tracy Chapman, Youssou NDour, and Ravi Shankar. The project was led and managed by Mr. Ramji Lal from CPWD, michael Jackson was scheduled to perform 2 concerts at the stadium in December 1993 as a part of his Dangerous World Tour. This would have been the first time Jackson would have performed in India, MTV India and other T. V. channels played Jacksons music videos months before the concert which created mass hysteria and anticipation in the public for the concerts and Jacksons visit to India. Both the concerts were expected to be sold out and these two concerts were scheduled to be the last performances of the tour. Unfortunately the concerts in Delhi along with the dates for Indonesia and Australia were cancelled due to Jacksons health problems, the Stadium has hosted two One Day International matches featuring India against Australia in 1984 which incidentally, was the first day night one day international in India. And South Africa in 1991, again the fixture being a day night one, batsman Kepler Wessels played in both the matches but for different countries and scored 107 for Australia and 90 for South Africa. Some local National Football League matches have also played here. The stadium was the venue for the 2011 South Asian Football Federation Cup. On 10 January 2012, the Government of India, and Audi, in this one-sided affair, the German club has defeated Indian team by 4-0 in front of 30,000 spectators. This was the match to Baichung Bhutia as Indian National Football Team captain. Since 2014 Indian Super League season, it has been home ground for Delhi Dynamos FC, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was the main venue for the 2010 Commonwealth Games. It hosted the opening and closing ceremonies as well as events for the Delhi Games. The stadium underwent massive redesign and reconstruction for the biggest multi-sport event hosted by India to that date and it was opened to the general public on 27 July 2010. In July 2010, the first-ever Asian All Asian Athletics Championship was held, over 1,500 students from schools came to see the event
2.
Road running
–
Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road. These events are classified as long-distance according to athletics terminology. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants, the three most common IAAF recognized distances for road running events are 10K runs, half marathons and marathons. Despite this, there are far more 5K road race events, due to their popularity for charity races and similar, less competitive reasons to hold an event. Road running may offer those involved a range of challenges and interests such as dealing with hills, sharp bends, varied surfaces, inclement weather, aerobic fitness, or the ability of the body to use oxygen, is the biggest factor contributing to success. The impact of running on roads puts more stress on the feet, knees and it can compensate by providing a consistent, level surface. It may put less strain on the Achilles tendon, before engaging in road running, one should choose a shoe that best suits ones foot type and running style. Road running is one of forms of road racing, which also include road bicycle racing. Race courses are held on the streets of major cities and towns. Other common distances include 5 kilometres,8 kilometres,12 kilometres, some major events have unique distances. Most road race courses are certified to be accurate to within 0. 1%, certified courses are often intentionally lengthened by one metre per km to ensure that they are not short of the stated distance. A Jones Counter attached to a bicycle is used to course length. Remeasurement to verify the length is undertaken when a record is set on a course. Running that covers a distance farther than a marathon is called ultrarunning, such events can be measured in distance or by time. Beyond the ultramarathon lie the multiday and stage races, Road running is unique among athletic events because in many cases first time amateurs are welcome to participate in the same event as members of running clubs and even current world-class champions. Sometimes race times are recorded manually by race organizers, most road races feature electronic timing using transponders, Road races are often community-wide events that highlight or raise money for an issue or project. In the USA, Susan G. Komens Race for the Cure is held nationwide to raise breast cancer awareness and this race is also run in Germany, Italy and Puerto Rico. Similarly, Race for Life holds races throughout the UK to raise money for Cancer Research UK, first person race reports frequently appear on the Dead Runners Society electronic mailing list
3.
Half marathon
–
A half marathon is a road running event of 21.0975 kilometres – half the distance of a marathon. Participation in half marathons has grown steadily since 2003, partly due to the fact that it is a challenging distance, in 2008, Running USA reported that the half marathon is the fastest growing type of race. A2010 article by Universal Sports mentioned the popularity of the distance. It is common for a marathon event to be held concurrently with a marathon, using almost the same course with a late start. The half marathon is known as a 21K,21. 1K or 13.1 miles, although these values are rounded. In many races finisher medals are awarded but they may differ from concurrent full marathons by color, wording, in other events both races are put on the same medal although their ribbons may vary. A half marathon world record is recognised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. This table lists the best half marathon performances per year since 1970, in 2014, the largest half marathon in the world was the Göteborgsvarvet, also known as the Gothenburg half marathon, in Sweden with 64,288 announced runners and 47,491 finishers. The largest half marathon ever held was Broloppet between Copenhagen in Denmark and Malmö in Sweden with 79,719 finishers, held in connection with the Öresund Bridge inauguration in 2000. List of half marathon races IAAF World Half Marathon Championships Mini marathon Quarter marathon Half marathon world record progression IAAF list of records in XML
4.
New Delhi
–
New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi citys 11 districts. The National Capital Region is a larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory along with adjoining districts. The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V and it was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy, New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, the contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed Lutyens Delhi was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britains imperial aspirations. Soon Lutyens started considering other places, however, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroys House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the projects early years, many believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a number of heritage sites in the North side. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroys House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was considered the site of Indraprastha
5.
India
–
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
6.
International Association of Athletics Federations
–
The International Association of Athletics Federations is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. It was founded on 17 July 1912 as the International Amateur Athletic Federation by representatives from 17 national athletics federations at the organizations first congress in Stockholm, since October 1993, it has been headquartered in Monaco. Beginning in 1982, the IAAF passed several amendments to its rules to allow athletes to receive compensation for participating in international competitions. However, the organization retained the word amateur in its name until its 2001 congress, the IAAFs president is Sebastian Coe of the United Kingdom. He was elected at the 2015 congress before the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, the process to found the IAAF was started at a meeting in Stockholm, Sweden on July 17,1912 soon after the completion of the 1912 Summer Olympics in that city. The congress that started on August 20,1913 in Berlin is when the foundation of the IAAF was formally completed, in 2015, a whistleblower leaked IAAFs blood test records from major competitions. After reviewing the results, Robin Parisotto, a scientist and leading anti-doping expert, said, so many athletes appear to have doped with impunity, and it is damning that the IAAF appears to have idly sat by and let this happen. Craig Reedie, president of the World Anti-Doping Agency, said his organisation was very disturbed by these new allegations, which will, once again, shake the foundation of clean athletes worldwide, and that its independent commission will investigate the claims. On 1 November 2015, former IAAF president Lamine Diack was arrested in France and is under investigation on suspicion of corruption, Diack allegedly accepted $1.2 million from the Russian athletics federation to cover up the positive doping tests of at least six Russian athletes in 2011. The report continued that the IAAF allowed the conduct to occur and must accept its responsibility and that corruption was embedded in the organization. In January 2016, as a result of the scandal and WADAs report. The BBC reported that as a result the IAAF would lose $33 million worth of revenue, the 11-year sponsorship deal with Adidas was due to run until 2019. World-record holding sprinter, Michael Johnson, described the scandal as more serious than that faced by FIFA, in February,2016, Nestle announced that it was ending its IAAF sponsorship. In June 2016, following a meeting of the IAAFs ruling council, in Ferbuary 2017, All-Russia Athletic Federation disqualified by decision of the IAAF Council for 8 years for the creation of a doping system. Since the establishment of the IAAF, it has had six presidents, The IAAF has a total of 215 member federations divided into 6 area associations
7.
Secretariat Building, New Delhi
–
The Secretariat Building or Central Secretariat is where the Cabinet Secretariat is housed, which administers the Government of India. Built in the 1910s, it is home to some of the most important ministries of the Cabinet of India. Situated on Raisina Hill, New Delhi, the Secretariat buildings are two blocks of buildings on opposite sides of the great axis of Rajpath, and flanking the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The planning of New Delhi began in earnest after Delhi was made capital of the British Indian Empire in 1911, Baker took on the design of the next most important building, the Secretariat, which was the only building other than Viceroys House to stand on Raisina Hill. To avoid this, Lutyens wanted the Secretariat to be of lower height than Viceroys House, but Baker wanted it of the same height, after the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the Old Secretariat in Old Delhi, many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of British India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area, the Old Secretariat Building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly. The nearby Parliament House was built later, and hence was not constructed around the axis of Rajpath. Construction of Parliament House was begun in 1921, and the building was inaugurated in 1927, today, the area is served by the Central Secretariat station of the Delhi Metro. The Secretariat Building was designed by the prominent British architect Herbert Baker in Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture, both the identical building have four levels, each with about 1,000 rooms, in the inner courtyards to make space for future expansions. In continuation with the Viceroys House, these also used cream and red Dholpur sandstone from Rajasthan. Together the buildings were designed to form two squares and they have broad corridors between different wings and wide stairways to the four floors and each building is topped by a giant dome, while each wings end with colonnaded balcony. Much of the building is in architectural style, yet it incorporated from Mughal and Rajasthani architecture style. These are visible in the use of Jali, perforated screens, to protect from scorching sun and monsoon rains of India. Another feature of the building is a structure known as the Chatri. The style of architecture used in Secretariat Building is unique to Raisina Hill, in front of the main gates on buildings are the four dominion columns, given by Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. At the time of their unveiling in 1930, India was also supposed to become a British dominion soon, however, India became independent within the next 17 years and the Secretariat became the seat of power of a sovereign India. In the years to follow the building ran out of accommodation, the colour scheme is reversed while the roof of Union Building is covered with red tiles, in secretariat red sandstone is used in the ground floor walls only, the rest is the same pale sandstone
8.
2010 Commonwealth Games
–
The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events and it was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium and it was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. It was also the time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the song of the Games. The President of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge, said that India had made a foundation for a future Olympics bid. Commonwealth games Federation chief Mike Fennell stated that Delhi delivered a fantastic Games, some observers accused sections of the media of bias, unfair expectations, and negative reporting. The final medal tally was led by Australia, the host nation India achieved its best performance ever at the Games, finishing second overall. This was Indias first successful bid for the Games, the bid was Canadas attempt to hold the games for the fifth time. Indias bid motto was New Frontiers and Friendships, the successful 2003 Afro-Asian Games held in Hyderabad was also seen as having shown that India has the resources, infrastructure and technical know-how to stage a big sporting event. Such actions are worthy of emulation by all concerned in Pakistan, I have no doubt that if both sides continue to live by such ideals, one day, sooner than later our generations to come will reap the benefits of and be grateful to those making such contributions. You would certainly be such person, the Indian government stated that it would underwrite the total cost of the Games. In spite of delays and the corruption cases levied on the organisors, commentators stated that they were confident that India will successfully host the games, the BCI was formed to both market the Games and promote Indian business interests internationally. The initial total budget estimated by the Indian Olympic Association in 2003 for hosting the Games was ₹16.2 billion, in 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated ₹115 billion, a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development. Business Today magazine estimated that the Games cost ₹700 billion, the 2010 Commonwealth Games are reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. In response to concerns over the number of trains that pass by the Delhi metropolitan region daily. To expand road infrastructure, flyovers, cloverleaf flyovers, and bridges were built to improve links for the Games, road-widening projects were finished with an emphasis being placed on expanding national highways. To improve traffic flow on existing roads, plans were made to both the inner and outer Ring roads signal free
9.
Hutchison Essar
–
It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India with better presence in the metros. Vodafone India provides services on basis of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz digital GSM technology, Vodafone India launched 3G services in the country in the January–March quarter of 2011 and plans to spend up to $500 million within two years on its 3G networks. It has launched its 4G services in India starting from Kochi in Kerala in December 2015, in March 2017, it was announced that the company will merge with Idea in an all stock deal. The combined entity will be Indias largest telecommunication company, Hutchison Max Telecom Ltd. a joint venture between Hutchison Whampoa and the Max Group, was established on 21 February 1992. The licence to operate in Mumbai circle was awarded to Hutchison Max by the Department of Telecommunications in November 1994, the cellular service branded Max Touch was launched the same year. Hutchison Max entered into the Delhi telecom circle in December 1999, the Kolkata circle in July 2000, licences for these circles had initially been awarded by the DoT in 1994,1997 and 1995 respectively. Between 1992 and 2006, Hutchison acquired interests in all 23 mobile telecom circles of India, HMTL was renamed Hutchison Essar Limited in August 2005. In Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana, Essar Group was the major partner, but later Hutch took the majority stake. In 2006, it announced the acquisition of a company that held licence applications for the seven remaining licence areas, initially, the company grew its business in the largest wireless markets in India — in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. In these densely populated areas it was able to establish a robust network, well-known brand. Then it also targeted business users and high-end post-paid customers which helped Hutchison Essar to consistently generate a higher Average Revenue Per User than its competitors. By adopting this focused growth plan, it was able to establish leading positions in Indias largest markets providing the resources to expand its footprint nationwide.1 billion, Hutch was often praised for its award winning advertisements which all follow a clean, minimalist look. A recurrent theme is that its message Hi stands out visibly though it uses white letters on red background. Another successful ad campaign in 2003 featured a pug named Cheeka following a boy around in unlikely places, with the tagline, Wherever you go, the simple yet powerful advertisement campaigns won it many admirers. Advertisements featuring the pug were continued by Vodafone even after rebranding, the brand subsequently introduced ZooZoos which gained even higher popularity than was created by the Pug. Vodafones creative agency is O&M while Harit Nagpal was the Marketing Director during the phases of its brand evolution. In July 2011, Vodafone Group bought the mobile business of its partner Essar for $5.46 billion. This meant Vodafone owns 74% of Essar, the whole company was valued at USD18.8 billion
Philip Rugut (KEN)
Irina Timofeyeva (RUS)
Dieudonné Disi (RWA)
Deriba Alemu (ETH)
Deriba Merga (ETH)
