1.
Round Rock, Texas
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Round Rock is a city in the U. S. state of Texas, located in Williamson County, which is a part of the Greater Austin, Texas metropolitan area. The population was 99,887 at the 2010 census, located about 20 miles north of downtown Austin, Round Rock shares a common border with Austin at Texas State Highway 45. In August 2008, Money magazine named Round Rock as the seventh-best American small city in which to live, Round Rock was the only Texas city to make the Top 10. In a CNN article dated July 1,2009, Round Rock was listed as the second fastest-growing city in the country, Round Rock has a strong public education system. According to the 2008 ratings from the Texas Education Agency, the Round Rock Independent School District ranks among the best in the state, of 42 schools within it, twelve were rated exemplary and eleven are recognized. Round Rock is perhaps best known as the headquarters of Dell. Round Rock and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9,200 BC. One of the most important discoveries in recent times is that of the ancient skeletal remains dubbed The Leanderthal Lady because of its age and proximity to Leander, Texas. The site is 4 miles west of Round Rock and was discovered by accident by Texas Department of Transportation workers while drilling core samples for a new highway. The site has been studied for many years and samples carbon date to this particular Pleistocene period at approximately 10,500 years ago. These archeology dig sites show a greater volume United Sates of America evidence of Archaic Period inhabitants based on relics. During the 18th century they made the transition to a horse culture, there also appear to have been small numbers of Kiowa, Yojuane, Tawakoni, and Mayeye Native-Americans living in the county at the time of the earliest Anglo settlements. After they were crowded out by white settlement, the Comanches continued to raid settlements in the county until the 1860s, in the late 19th century, Native Americans were being pushed out of Central Texas. As the area developed into a rural Anglo community, some of the paved roads actually followed the original Native-American pathways. One famous immigration route passed through Round Rock and is called the Double File Trail because the path was wide enough for two horsemen to ride side-by-side. It is part of a trail from north Texas that crossed the San Gabriel River in Georgetown, Brushy Creek in Round Rock. An elementary school in the Round Rock school district is named for the trail, in 1851, a small community was formed on the banks of Brushy Creek, near a large round and anvil-shaped rock located in the middle of the creek. This round rock marked a convenient low-water crossing for wagons, horses, the first postmaster called the community Brushy, and the creek was called Brushy Creek
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Round Rock Express
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The team is currently affiliated with the Texas Rangers. Home games for the Round Rock Express are played at the Dell Diamond, a facility that is owned by the City of Round Rock and leased long-term to RSR Sports, the team is named after the senior Ryans pitcher nickname, The Ryan Express. The Round Rock Express operated as the Double-A affiliate of the Houston Astros for 5 years from 2000 to 2004, the Ryan group purchased the PCL Edmonton Trappers franchise in 2003 with the intention of moving the team to Round Rock after the 2004 season. At that time, the Trappers were affiliated with the Montreal Expos, several weeks after this switch, the Expos announced their move to Washington, D. C. as the Washington Nationals. The original Express franchise has remained under Ryan ownership, after the purchase of the Triple-A PCL franchise, the Ryans announced that the Double-A Texas League club would move to Corpus Christi, Texas, for the 2005 season. That franchise remains the Double-A affiliate of the Astros as the Corpus Christi Hooks, in 2006, two seasons after moving from Edmonton, the Round Rock Express clinched the Southern Division of the leagues American Conference with a win–loss record of 85–59. Through the end of the 2016 season, attendance figures have dropped around 10% since changing affiliations from Houston to Texas, the top 10 season attendances all occurred in the 11 seasons the team was affiliated with Houston. In 2016, Forbes listed the Express as the sixth-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $40 million and it is inspired by the true story of Jim Morris, who had a brief but famous Major League Baseball career. The Simple Life is a reality series that was broadcast from December 2,2003 to August 5,2007. The first three seasons aired on Fox, and the two on E. Season 2, Episode 15 took place during a Round Rock Express baseball game. The team made headlines in 2010 when it signed Billy Ray Rojo Johnson, in reality, Johnson was actor Will Ferrell, who briefly took the mound at Dell Diamond to promote his nearby charity golf tournament
4.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
5.
HKS, Inc.
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HKS, Inc. is an American international architecture firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It was founded in 1939 by Harwood K. Smith, in 2014 HKS launched a year-long public campaign to commemorate the firms 75th anniversary. In 2012 HKS announced the acquisition of Miami-headquartered educational design firm HADP Architecture, in 2011 HKS saw rapid expansion. In October HKS released an announcement it had acquired the design firm Maregatti Interiors LLC in Indianapolis. The HKS Science & Technology Practice was formed after the firm acquired Earl Walls Studios in San Diego, HKS also opened new locations in Chicago, Denver, New York, and New Delhi, India. In 2010 HKS announced the formation of an architectural research group, Center for Advanced Design. HKS has expanded its presence, in 2008 opening offices in Abu Dhabi and São Paulo, Brazil and again in 2010 with an office in Shanghai. In 2007, HKS expanded their hospitality architectural design services and also acquired the hospitality design firm Hill Glazier Architects, located in Palo Alto, the firm also opened offices in Miami, Nashville, Oklahoma City, and Chennai, India. In 2006, HKS acquired the Stein-Cox Group and Trinity Design to have presences in Phoenix, Arizona and Detroit, Michigan, in 2002, HKS expanded its international presence by opening HKS Arquitectos in Mexico City to serve its Latin American clients. This list includes projects in which HKS collaborated with other architecture firms, Phoenix Childrens Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Orlando Health/Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida L. A
6.
Corpus Christi Hooks
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The Corpus Christi Hooks are a minor league baseball team of the Texas League, and are the Double-A affiliate of the Houston Astros. They are located in Corpus Christi, Texas, and are named for the association with fishing. The teams ownership group is headed by Baseball Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan, the Hooks play their home games at Whataburger Field, which opened in 2005 and is located on Corpus Christis waterfront. The history of the Hooks franchise dates back to 1968, when it got its start in the Texas League as the Memphis Blues and that club won the league crown twice, in 1969 and 1973. In 1974, the moved to Victoria, Texas and played in Toro Stadium. The following year, the moved to Jackson, Mississippi where it would remain for the next 25 seasons, first as the Mets. The franchise qualified for the playoffs 13 times and won the TL championship on five occasions, during the years 1980–1987, Jackson dominated the league, making it to eight consecutive post-seasons. Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan and his group acquired the following the 1998 season. The Round Rock Express, led by Morgan Ensberg and Roy Oswalt, the Express, which shattered league attendance records throughout their five-year run, also qualified for post-season play in four of those five seasons. That paved the way for the Double-A franchise to relocate to the Gulf Coast of Texas, in 2004 the organization held a Name the Team contest that sought suggestions from the community for a new name for the team. The contest was won by Corpus Christi resident, Michael Braly, the teams new name, Corpus Christi Hooks was born. The teams colors are blue and light blue, representing the ocean. The team mascots are Sammy the Seagull and Rusty Hook, the Hooks have played every home game since the move to Corpus Christi at Whataburger Field. One of the most exciting moments in the history was an appearance by Roger Clemens on June 11,2006. Clemens start attracted nationwide attention and a crowd of 9,022. Clemens struck out 11 batters in 6 innings on his way to the victory, tickets were being sold on Ebay for up to $230. This marked the first time a Corpus Christi franchise has won the TL Championship since the 1958 Corpus Christi Giants, Manager Dave Clark was named 2006 Texas League Manager of The Year and pitcher Matt Albers was named 2006 Texas League Pitcher of the Year. On June 25,2007, Whataburger Field played host to the 2007 installment of the Texas League All-Star Game, seven hooks players were invited to play on the squad
7.
Texas League
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The Texas League is a minor league baseball league which operates in the South Central United States. It is classified as a Double-A league, the league was founded in 1888 and ran through 1892. It was called the Texas Association in 1895, the Texas-Southern League in 1896 and again as the Texas League from 1897–1899. It was revived as a class D league in 1902, moved to class C in 1904 where it played through 1910, played at class B until 1920, the Texas League, like many others, shut down during World War II. From 1959 to 1961, the Texas League and the Mexican League formed the Pan American Association, the two leagues played a limited interlocking schedule and post-season championship. By 1971, the Texas League and the Southern League had both decreased to seven teams and they played an interlocking schedule with the SL known as the Dixie Association. The two leagues played separate playoffs, despite the leagues name, only its four South Division teams are actually based in Texas, the four North Division teams are located in surrounding states of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. The league maintains its headquarters in San Antonio, the Leagues name is well known due to its association with a particular aspect of the game. There is a thread throughout Civil War anecdotes that refer to a game played 30 years earlier in the Sabine Pass area. As the story goes, a Union soldier hit a ball over the outfielders head, after the incident, hits were only awarded for balls that landed between the infielders and outfielders. In recent years, the Texas League has witnessed a deal of change. Teams once known as the Jackson Mets, El Paso Diablos, Shreveport Captains, League members Other Current League Other Defunct League In 1971, the Southern League and Texas League were both down to 7 teams so they formed the Dixie Association for one season. They played interlocking schedules but held their own separate playoffs, baseball in the Lone Star State, Texas Leagues Greatest Hits, Tom Kayser and David King, Trinity University Press 2005 Texas League official website
8.
Pacific Coast League
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The Pacific Coast League is a Minor League Baseball league operating in the Western, Midwestern, and Southeastern United States. Along with the International League and the Mexican League, it is one of three leagues playing at the Triple-A level, which is one grade below Major League Baseball and it is officially named the Pacific Coast League of Professional Baseball Clubs, Inc. The PCL maintains its headquarters in Round Rock, Texas, during the first half of the 20th century, the Pacific Coast League developed into one of the premier regional baseball leagues. With no major league baseball team existing west of St. Louis, although it was never recognized as a true major league, its quality of play was considered very high. During 1945 the league voted to become a major league, some players made a career out of the minor leagues. One of the better known was Frank Shellenback, whose Major League pitching career was brief, many former major-league players came to the PCL to finish their careers after their time in the majors had ended. The mild climate of the West Coast, especially California, allowed the league to play longer seasons, sometimes starting in late February and this allowed players to hone their skills, earn an extra month or two of pay, and reduce the need to find off-season work. The longer playing season also allowed for games on the schedule. Teams sometimes played more than 200 games in a single season, during the 1905 season the San Francisco Seals set the all-time PCL record by playing 230 games. Even just prior to the 1958 reshuffling, the league was playing 170–180 games per season, one consequence of such lengthy seasons was that a number of the all-time minor-league records for season statistical totals are held by players from the PCL. In 1952, the PCL became the minor league in history to be given the Open classification. This limited the rights of major clubs to draft players from the PCL. The shift to the Open classification came just as minor league teams from coast to coast suffered a drop in attendance. The hammer blow to the PCLs major league dreams came in 1958, when the Brooklyn Dodgers moved to Los Angeles, as a result, three of the PCLs flagship teams were immediately forced to relocate to smaller markets. Additionally, the PCL lost customers to the league teams which now occupied the same territory. The league never recovered from these blows, the Pacific Coast League reverted to Triple-A classification in 1958, and soon diminished in the public eye to nothing more than another minor league. The Oakland Oaks had moved to Canada two years before the arrival of the Giants, the San Diego Padres and Seattle Rainiers were displaced by Major League teams in 1969, but by this time the PCLs decline was already far advanced. The league now stretches from Western Washington to Middle Tennessee, despite its name, the league now has as many teams east of the Mississippi as it does near the Pacific coast
9.
Stadium
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Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event at the ancient Greek Olympic festival was the race that comprised one length of the stade at Olympia, where the word stadium originated. In modern times, a stadium is officially a stadium when at least 50% of the capacity is an actual building. If the majority of the capacity is formed by grasshills, the venue is not officially considered a stadium. Most of the stadiums with a capacity of at least 10,000 are used for football, or soccer. A large amount of sports venues are also used for concerts. Stadium is the Latin form of the Greek word stadion, a measure of length equalling the length of 600 human feet, as feet are of variable length the exact length of a stadion depends on the exact length adopted for 1 foot at a given place and time. Although in modern terms 1 stadion =600 ft, in a historical context it may actually signify a length up to 15% larger or smaller. The equivalent Roman measure, the stadium, had a similar length — about 185 m -, the English use of stadium comes from the tiered infrastructure surrounding a Roman track of such length. Most dictionaries provide for both stadiums and stadia as valid English plurals, although etymological purists sometimes apply stadia only to measures of length in excess of 1 stadium. The oldest known stadium is the one in Olympia, in the western Peloponnese, Greece, initially the Games consisted of a single event, a sprint along the length of the stadium. The stadion, a measure of length, may be related to the Stadium, Greek and Roman stadiums have been found in numerous ancient cities, perhaps the most famous being the Stadium of Domitian, in Rome. The excavated and refurbished ancient Panathenaic stadium hosted a version of the Olympic Games in 1870,1875,1896 and 1906. The excavation and refurbishment of the stadium was part of the legacy of the Greek national benefactor Evangelos Zappas, the first stadiums to be built in the modern era were basic facilities, designed for the single purpose of fitting as many spectators in as possible. One such early stadium was the Lansdowne Road Stadium, the brainchild of Henry Dunlop, banned from locating sporting events at Trinity College, Dunlop built the stadium in 1872. Some 300 cartloads of soil from a trench beneath the railway were used to raise the ground, other early stadiums from this period in the UK include the Stamford Bridge stadium and Anfield stadium. In the U. S. However, many of these caught fire. All of the 19th-century wooden parks were replaced, some only a few years. Goodison Park was the first purpose-built football stadium in the world, walton-based building firm Kelly brothers were instructed to erect two uncovered stands that could each accommodate 4,000 spectators
10.
Triple-A (baseball)
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Triple-A is the highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States and Mexico. Before 2008, Triple-A leagues also fielded teams in Canada, a total of 30 teams play in the Triple-A International League and Pacific Coast League, with 14 teams in the IL and 16 in the PCL. The MLB-independent Mexican League fields 16 teams, interleague play between the International League and Pacific Coast League occurs twice each season. In July, each leagues All-Star team competes in the Triple-A All-Star Game, in September each leagues regular season champions play each other in the Triple-A Baseball National Championship Game to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. The Triple-A classification was created before the 1946 season, prior to then, the top level of the minors had been designated as Double-A since 1912. The modern Double-A classification also dates to 1946, when the former Class A1 level was renamed, Triple-A teams main purpose is to prepare players for the Major Leagues. ESPN wrote in 2010, Winning is nice, but secondary, players on the 40-man roster of a major league team are eligible for promotion to the major league club once the major league roster expands on September 1. For teams in contention for the postseason, these create the flexibility needed to rest regular starters in late regular-season games. For those not in contention, using such players lets the teams evaluate them under game conditions, teams at this level are divided into three leagues, the International League, the Pacific Coast League, and the MLB-independent Mexican League. The Mexican League fields teams throughout Mexico, the International League traditionally fielded teams in the Northeastern United States, and now fields teams in the Midwest and South as well. The Pacific Coast League originally fielded teams on the West Coast, each of the 30 Major League Baseball teams has an affiliation with one Triple-A team in the United States. However, Mexican Triple-A teams are not included in the farm team system. The Triple-A All-Star Game is a game held between the two affiliated Triple-A leagues—the International League and the Pacific Coast League. Each league fields a team composed of the top players in their respective leagues as voted on by fans, the media, the event has taken place every year since 1988 when the first Triple-A All-Star Game was played in Buffalo, New York. Prior to 1998, a team of American League-affiliated Triple-A All-Stars faced off against a team of National League-affiliated Triple-A All-Stars, traditionally, the game has taken place on the day after the mid-summer Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The game is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the season, both Triple-A leagues share a common All-Star break, with no regular-season games scheduled for two days before the All-Star Game itself. Some additional events, such as the All-Star Fan Fest and Triple-A Home Run Derby, take each year close to. It was originally held annually at AT&T Bricktown Ballpark in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, since 2011, the game has been held in a different Triple-A city each year
11.
Minor League Baseball
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All of the minor leagues are operated as independent businesses. Most are members of the organization known as Minor League Baseball. Several leagues, known as independent baseball leagues, do not have any links to Major League Baseball. Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball teams may enter into a PDC for a two- or four-year term. At the expiration of a PDC term, teams may renew their affiliation, or sign new PDCs with different clubs, though many relationships are renewed and endure for extended time periods. Minor League teams that are owned directly by the major league club do not have PDCs with each other and are not part of the reaffiliation shuffles that occur every other year, several more independent leagues operate in the United States and Canada. The earliest professional baseball association, the National Association of 1871 to 1875 and this system proved unworkable, however, as there was no way to ensure competitive balance, and financially unsound clubs often failed in midseason. This problem was solved in 1876 with the formation of the National League, with a membership which excluded less competitive. Professional clubs outside the National League responded by forming regional associations of their own, there was a series of ad hoc groupings, such as the New England Association of 1877 and the Eastern Championship Association of 1881. These were loose groups of independent clubs which agreed to play a series of games for a championship pennant, the first minor league is traditionally considered to be the Northwestern League of 1883 to 1884. Unlike the earlier minor associations, it was conceived as a permanent organization and it also, along with the National League and the American Association, was a party to the National Agreement of 1883. Included in this was the agreement to respect the reserve lists of clubs in each league, teams in the National League and the American Association could only reserve players who had been paid at least $1000. Northwest League teams could reserve players paid merely $750, implicitly establishing the division into major and minor leagues, over the next two decades, more minor leagues signed various versions of the National Agreement. Eventually, the minor leagues joined together to negotiate jointly, in the late 1890s, the Western League run by the fiery Ban Johnson decided to challenge the National Leagues position. Representatives of the different minor leagues met at the Leland Hotel in Chicago on September 5,1901, in response to the National–American battle, they agreed to form the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, called the NAPBL, or NA for short. The purpose of the NA at the time was to maintain the independence of the leagues involved, several did not sign the agreement and continued to work independently. Powers was made the first president of the NAPBL, whose offices were established in Auburn, in 1903, the conflict between the American and National Leagues ended in the National Agreement of 1903. The NAPBL became involved in the stages of the negotiations to develop rules for the acquisition of players from their leagues by the National
12.
Texas Rangers (baseball)
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The Texas Rangers are an American professional baseball team based in Arlington, Texas, located in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Rangers franchise is currently a member of the West division of the American League in Major League Baseball, since 1994, the Rangers have played in Globe Life Park in Arlington in Arlington, Texas. The teams name is borrowed from the law enforcement agency of the same name. After the 1971 season, the new Senators moved to Arlington, Texas, in 2010, the Rangers advanced past the Division Series for the first time, defeating the Tampa Bay Rays. Texas then brought home their first American League pennant after beating the New York Yankees in six games, in the 2010 World Series, the franchises first, the Rangers fell to the San Francisco Giants in five games. They repeated as American League champions the year, then lost the 2011 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. At the winter meetings that year, it awarded a new team to Los Angeles as well as a new team in the nations capital and this new team adopted the old Senators name, but was considered an expansion team since the Twins retained the old Senators records and history. The Senators and Angels began to fill their rosters with American League players in an expansion draft, the team played the 1961 season at old Griffith Stadium before moving to District of Columbia Stadium. For most of their existence, the new Senators were the definition of futility, the teams struggles led to a twist on a joke about the old Senators--Washington, first in war, first in peace and still last in the American League. Frank Howard, known for his home runs, was the teams most accomplished player. Ownership changed hands several times during the stay in Washington and was often plagued by poor decision-making and planning. Owner Elwood Richard Quesada once wondered why he should have to pay his players because he believed they didnt belong in the majors and he later agreed to a 10-year lease at D. C. Stadium — a move that would back to haunt the Senators. In 1963, Quesada sold his stake in the club and resigned, Washington stockbrokers James Johnston and James Lemon owned the team briefly, suffering massive financial losses. Johnson died in 1967 and Lemon sold the team a year later to hotel and trucking executive Bob Short, Short named himself general manager and hired Hall of Famer Ted Williams as manager. Although Williams had never coached or managed at any level of baseball, Williams kept them in contention for most of the season, their 86–76 record would be their only winning season in Washington. The success though was brief, as Short borrowed most of the $9.4 million he had used to pay for the team, as the Senators general manager, Short was forced to make many questionable trades to lower the debt and acquire amounts of the much-needed revenue. As a result, the team fell back into the American Leagues cellar position
13.
Baseball
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Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases, Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates turns batting. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century and this game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, in the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the National League and American League, each with three divisions, East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series, the top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision, a French manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au bâton, consensus once held that todays baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search for the Roots of the Game, by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England, recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of other. It has long believed that cricket also descended from such games. The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, David Block discovered that the first recorded game of Bass-Ball took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford and this early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants
14.
Double-A (baseball)
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Double-A is the second highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States after Triple-A. There are thirty Double-A teams in three leagues at this classification, Eastern League, Southern League, and the Texas League, the Double-A classification usually hosts developing players that have been part of professional baseball for only a couple of years. These players can get to the Double-A level by earning a promotion from any of the Single-A or Rookie leagues, players often advance directly to the majors from this level, as the level of competition is higher. A small handful of players might be placed in Double-A to start, the step up to the Double-A level can be one of the hardest promotions for such players because it is the level at which pitchers need to have a good off-speed pitch in their repertoire. In addition, it is the level where fastball-only hitters need to learn how to hit off-speed pitches, Major League teams sometimes send players to play at the Double-A level to rehabilitate from injuries. Because players are not moving back and forth from the Major Leagues at this level, fans of Double-A teams have a longer amount of time to get acquainted with the players, which helps create a better relationship between the team and its fans. Unlike the major league and the Triple-A level, two of the three Double-A leagues have their season divided into two parts, the Eastern League being the exception, one team may clinch a spot in the playoffs by winning the division in first half of the season. The teams records are then cleared and another team will also clinch a playoff slot during the second half, wild cards are used to fill out the remaining teams. Usually, four teams qualify for the league playoffs and this system is used at the Class A level as well. On January 15,2015, Major League Baseball announced it will use a 20-second pitch clock during the 2015 Double-A season, Eastern League official website Southern League official website Texas League official website
15.
Austin, Texas
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Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
16.
Nolan Ryan
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Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. nicknamed The Ryan Express, is a former Major League Baseball pitcher and a previous chief executive officer of the Texas Rangers. He is currently an adviser to the owner of the Houston Astros. During a major league record 27-year baseball career, he pitched for four different teams, the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros and he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999. Ryan, a hard-throwing, right-handed pitcher, threw pitches that were recorded above 100 miles per hour. The high velocity remained throughout his career, even into his 40s, Ryan was also known to throw a devastating 12–6 curveball at exceptional velocity for a breaking ball. While his lifetime winning percentage was.526, Ryan was an eight-time MLB All-Star and he leads the runner-up, Randy Johnson, by 839 strikeouts. Similarly, Ryans 2,795 bases on balls lead second-place Steve Carlton by 962—walking over 50% more hitters than any pitcher in MLB history. Ryan, Pedro Martínez, Randy Johnson, and Sandy Koufax are the four pitchers inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame who had more strikeouts than innings pitched. Other than Jackie Robinson, Ryan is currently the major league baseball player to have his number retired by at least three different teams, the Angels, Astros, and Rangers. Ryan is the leader in no-hitters with seven, three more than any other pitcher. He is tied with Bob Feller for the most one-hitters, with 12, despite the seven no-hitters, he never threw a perfect game, nor did he ever win a Cy Young Award. Ryan is one of only 29 players in history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades. Ryan was born in Refugio, south of Victoria in south Texas, the youngest of six children, to Lynn Nolan Ryan, Sr. and the former Martha Lee Hancock. The senior Ryan operated a distributorship for the since defunct Houston Post which required him to rise in the morning hours to prepare 1,500 newspapers for delivery over a 55-mile route. The children were expected to help with the daily tasks, Ryans family lived in nearby Woodsboro in Refugio County, until they moved to Alvin in Brazoria County, when Nolan was six weeks old. As a young boy, Nolan enjoyed throwing objects at any target and his father thought baseball a better usage for his arm, therefore, he encouraged Nolan to play the game. Ryan joined Alvin Little League Baseball when he was nine, made the team when he was 11 and 12. Ryan also played various positions besides pitcher, Ryan played baseball for Coach Jim Watson at Alvin High School for all of his high school career
17.
Reid Ryan
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Reid Ryan is an American baseball executive and former college baseball and professional baseball player. Ryan was a pitcher in minor baseball, and currently serves as the CEO of Ryan-Sanders Baseball Inc. which owns the Round Rock Express. He was introduced as the president of the Houston Astros on May 17,2013, reid Ryan grew up in Houston-area Alvin, Texas, and attended Alvin High School. Ryan attended the University of Texas at Austin, beginning his college career with the Texas Longhorns. He transferred to Texas Christian University finished his career for the TCU Horned Frogs. The Texas Rangers, his fathers team at the time, selected Ryan in the 17th round of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft. He pitched for the Class A Short Season Hudson Valley Renegades in 1994, Ryan split 1995 between the Class A Charleston RiverDogs and Class A Advanced Visalia Oaks, combining for an 0-10 record with a 9.34 ERA and 2.29 WHIP. He also serves on the board of trustees for Major League Baseball, on May 16,2013, the Houston Astros announced the hiring of Ryan as their president, following the resignation of George Postolos. Ryan and his wife, Nicole, have three children, career statistics and player information from The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference Biography at the Round Rock Express Website
18.
Dell
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Dell Inc. is a multinational computer technology company based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services. The company is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, which was formed by the 2016 merger of Dell Inc. eponymously named after its founder, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the world, employing more than 103,300 people worldwide. Dell sells personal computers, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2015, it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo, Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue and it is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a traded company, as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P500. On September 7,2016, Dell Inc. acquired EMC Corporation to form Dell Technologies, Michael Dell founded PCs Limited while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components, Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, Dell appeared in PCs Limited advertisements in national magazines, asking readers to give us a chance to show you what can do. Selling directly to consumers custom-assembled computers according to a selection of options, in 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as mentor and to implement Dells ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988, the company dropped the PC’s Limited name in 1987 to become Dell Computer Corporation and began expanding globally. In June 1988, Dells market capitalization grew by $30 million to $80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share. In 1992, Fortune magazine included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the worlds 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company ever. In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run. Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the channel in 1994. Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company President, Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days
19.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
20.
Baylor Bears baseball
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The Baylor Bears baseball team represents Baylor University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team belongs to the Big 12 Conference and plays games at Baylor Ballpark. The Bears are currently led by head coach Steve Rodriguez, who was hired in 2015, Baylor first fielded a baseball team in 1902 as Baylors second varsity sport. Pitcher Ted Lyons was a player on Baylors Southwest Conference Championship team in 1923 and he would go on to be enshrined in Cooperstown after an outstanding career with the Chicago White Sox. At this time, Lyons is the player from a Big 12 or former SWC University to be in the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Baylor did not field a team from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. However, Baylor appeared in its first NCAA Tournament in 1948 only in its 3rd year of play after the war. Baylor returned to the NCAA tournament in 1977, led by legendary Baylor head coach Mickey Sullivan, Baylor lost both of its games in the 1977 College World Series, one game each to South Carolina and Minnesota. Baylor concluded the 1977 season ranked #7 nationally by Collegiate Baseball, in 1978, the Bears returned to the College World Series but lost its only 2 games again, one game each to Michigan and Miami, Fl. Baylor finished the 1978 season ranked #8 nationally by Collegiate Baseball, Baylor has achieved a season 50-win mark in only one season in its history. This season win total was earned in 1999 under the guidance of current head coach Steve Smith, while exiting the national tournament during the Super Regional stage, the Bears ended the season ranked #8 nationally by Baseball America. It was during this 1999 season that Jason Jennings won National Player of the Year, Kelly Shoppach would also earn the unanimous All-American honor as a Baylor catcher in 2001 and consensus Big 12 Player of the Year. Baylors 2005 squad would become the first to win a game in Omaha, the Bears went 2–2 including wins over Oregon State and #1 ranked Tulane, but was eliminated from the tournament after its second loss to the Texas Longhorns, losing 3–4 in Baylors final game. Baylor lost 1–5 to the Texas Longhorns in its first CWS game in 2005, Baylor finished the 2005 season ranked #4 nationally by Baseball America. In 2012, Baylor went 42–12 and was undefeated at home during conference play in the regular season, the Bears racked up a mid-season 24-game win streak which the players attributed to their adoption of a beaver that appeared along the banks of the Brazos River. In the Waco Regional, Baylor lost their first game and then won four games to stave off elimination. Big 12 Conference awards were won by Josh Ludy and Nathan Orf, Steve Smith was named Coach of the Year, Baylor has reached NCAA postseason play 18 times, including 13 of the last 15 seasons. The Texas Longhorns are Baylors most played opponent, including 334 matchups through the 2011 season, Baylor has defeated the TCU Horned Frogs more than any other single opponent with 136 all-time wins
21.
Texas State Bobcats baseball
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The Texas State Bobcats baseball program is the intercollegiate baseball team representing Texas State University. The Bobcats first season was in 1985, and have played their games at Bobcat Ballpark on the universitys campus in San Marcos. Since the 2014 season, the Bobcats have competed as a member of the Sun Belt Conference, previously, the Bobcats were a member of the Western Athletic Conference, Southland Conference, and Gulf Star Conference. Ty Harrington entered the 2010 season with a 337-252 W/L record, the best of the four Bobcat coaches they have had since 1985, and he reached his 350th career win on March 27,2010 with a home victory over Lamar. His 400th career win came on April 23,2011 with a 16-2 victory over Northwestern State University, entering his 12th season at Texas State, Harrington sports a 375-274 all-time record, including a 201-112 record during Southland Conference play. He has helped produce 55 all-conference selections, and 23 of Harrington’s players have chosen in the Major League Baseball Draft. The 2009 season was, to date, Harringtons most successful as a coach, taking the team to the regular season Southland title with an record of 41-17. The 2011 season yielded Harrington his 400th career win as this tied the season high win mark once again. Winning the Southland Conference Title by 4 games and taking the Southland Conference Tournament, from the losers bracket, five more Bobcats were drafted in the 2011 MLB Draft. The first game at Bobcat Ballpark occurred between the Bobcats and Texas Longhorns on March 3,2009, will Brunson Tommy Field Jeremy Fikac Paul Goldschmidt Billy Grabarkewitz Billy Jones Scott Linebrink Carson Smith Joe Vance Blake Williams List of NCAA Division I baseball programs Official website
22.
University Interscholastic League
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It is the largest organization of its type in the world. Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching competitions, however. The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, the UIL was originally created by UT in 1910 as two different entities, the Debating League of Texas High Schools and the Interscholastic Athletic Association. The two entities merged in 1913 and adopted the UIL name, at the time, UIL only governed white schools in Texas. In 1965, the UIL agreed to admit PVIL member schools for competition, black schools began UIL competitions beginning in the 1967-68 school year. After the 1969–70 school year, the UIL fully absorbed all PVIL member schools, beginning with the 2003–2004 academic year, two large all-male private schools, Dallas Jesuit and Houston Strake Jesuit, were granted UIL membership. This came after extensive court battles and negotiations from both the UILs lawyers and the schools joint lawyers, the Texas Legislature rewrote titles 1 and 2 of the Texas Education Code and greatly restricted the functions to be performed by the Texas Education Agency and the UIL. The changes made Texas an equal access state, the law now requires the public schools to allow all students that reside within the schools boundary equal access to all activities. The UIL no longer has the authority to determine the eligibility of Charter/Home/Private school students, all students must abide by the state No-Pass No-Play law. Only students that are enrolled in a school must abide by UIL eligibility rules. Charter/Home/Private school students may now participate in all public school extra-curricular activities, note, In 2008 two non-public school students won UIL wrestling championships. On October 10,2010, the Third District Court of Appeals in Austin ruled that the UIL operates as a public organization, the ruling clarified that the UIL is legally considered a state agency and must comply with the prerequisites and duties that all other state agencies have. As a state agent the UIL must treat individuals equally and show the purpose/need as well as a basis for eligibility restrictions. The UIL governs only public schools and 2 private high schools, activities for most Texas private schools are governed by separate bodies, the largest of which is TAPPS. Furthermore, private schools must compete at one classification higher than their enrollment would otherwise dictate, UIL schools are permitted to schedule contests with private schools and/or home school groups. Schools are arranged by classification to ensure that schools compete on a basis with other schools in the geographic area of a similar size. The classifications are A, AA, AAA, AAAA, AAAAA and AAAAAA, the corresponding alphanumeric designations are used in everyday conversation, but officially UIL only uses the alphabetic designations.0 between the largest and smallest school in each class
23.
Manny Parra
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Manuel Alex Manny Parra is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Chicago Cubs organization. He has played in Major League Baseball for the Milwaukee Brewers, Parra graduated from Casa Roble High School in 2000, and American River College in 2002. While playing in school, he also played first base. He was named the National Junior College Player of the Year in 2002 by Baseball America, on June 25,2007, Parra pitched a perfect game against the Round Rock Express while playing for the Triple-A Nashville Sounds. This was only the third nine-inning perfect game in Pacific Coast League history, at the conclusion of the season, Parra had a 10-8 record. His 17 wild pitches tied for the most in the majors and his split-finger fastball was the most effective among major league starting pitchers. On June 6,2010, Parra became the 52nd Major League pitcher to strike out four batters in an inning and he did so against the St. Louis Cardinals. After having missed the entire 2011 season, Parra and the Brewers agreed on a 1-year deal on January 12,2012, on February 1,2013, the Cincinnati Reds signed Parra to a one-year contract. He pitched in the bullpen with the Reds as a middle reliever, on April 26, he was placed on the disabled list with a strained pectoral muscle, and he missed almost a month. From June 11 to July 28, he had a 19-game,15.1 inning scoreless streak. In a year where he filled in for the expectations of Sean Marshall, he shined, going 2-3 with a 3.33 ERA and 16 holds. He entered June with a 6.23 ERA, and starting on June 11 to the end of the season, on November 27,2013, Parra agreed to a two-year, $5.5 million contract with Cincinnati. On February 22,2016, Parra signed a league contract with the Chicago Cubs. He will earn $520,000 if placed on the 40-man roster and he was released on March 29 and re-signed with the team on a minor league deal the same day. He was released on April 4,2016, on January 27,2017, he resigned a minor league deal and was invited to spring training
24.
Nashville Sounds
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The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics. They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the association with the music industry. The team plays its games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the former site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark. The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season, established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985. The Triple-A Sounds carried on the history of the Double-A team that preceded it, the Sounds later joined the PCL in 1998. The team has served as a club for seven major league franchises. A total of 26 managers have led the club and its more than 1,100 players, through the 2016 season, the team has played in 5,587 regular season games and compiled a win–loss record of 2, 877–2,710. The Sounds have reached the postseason on 14 occasions and they have won ten division titles, two conference titles, and three league championships. Most recently, they won the PCL Championship in 2005 as the Triple-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers, the team has an overall postseason record of 42–41. The team fielded in 1980 was recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time, the 2006 team tied the record for the longest game in PCL history. Of the three nine-inning perfect games in the history of the PCL, two have been pitched by members of the Sounds, in 2016, Forbes listed the Sounds as the 19th-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $30.5 million. Nashvilles professional baseball history dates back to 1885, beginning with the Nashville Americans and they were followed by the Blues, Tigers, Seraphs, Centennials, and Vols. The city was without a baseball team for 14 years after the Double-A Vols ceased operations after their 1963 season. In 1978, the Nashville Sounds were added as a team in the Double-A Southern League. Fans responded well to the return of baseball to the city, President and part owner Larry Schmittou, head coach of the Vanderbilt University baseball team from 1968 to 1978, was instrumental in bringing professional baseball back to Nashville. Schmittous business philosophy revolved around earning profits not from ticket sales and this philosophy also involved promoting entertainment value, or fun, instead of promoting the baseball game. The franchise was recognized for its promotion efforts when it won the Larry MacPhail Award for outstanding minor league promotions in 1978,1980. The club played their games at a newly constructed facility, Herschel Greer Stadium
25.
Perfect game
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A perfect game is defined by Major League Baseball as a game in which a pitcher pitches a victory that lasts a minimum of nine innings and in which no opposing player reaches a base. Thus, the pitcher cannot allow any hits, walks, hit batsmen, or any opposing player to reach safely for any other reason. The feat has been achieved 23 times in MLB history –21 times since the era began in 1900. A perfect game is also a no-hitter and a shutout, a fielding error that does not allow a batter to reach base, such as a misplayed foul ball, does not spoil a perfect game. Weather-shortened contests in which a team has no baserunners and games in which a team reaches first base only in extra innings do not qualify as perfect games under the present definition. The first confirmed use of the perfect game was in 1908. Although it is possible for multiple pitchers to combine for a game, to date. In Nippon Professional Baseball, no-hitters or perfect games that use two or more pitchers are considered unofficial, the first known use in print of the term perfect game occurred in 1908. Several sources have claimed that the first recorded usage of the perfect game was by Ernest J. Lanigan in his Baseball Cyclopedia. The Chicago Tribune came close to the term in describing Richmonds game in 1880, Richmond was most effectively supported, similarly, in writing up Wards perfect game, the New York Clipper described the perfect play of Providences defense. The definition of game was made to parallel this new definition of the no-hitter. There has been one game in the World Series, thrown by Don Larsen for the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers on October 8,1956. By coincidence, the second Yankee pitcher to throw a game, David Wells in 1998, graduated from the same high school as Larsen - Point Loma High School in San Diego. The most recent perfect game pitched in Major League Baseball was thrown by Félix Hernández of the Seattle Mariners against the Tampa Bay Rays on August 15,2012 and he struck out the side twice and struck out twelve total batters in the 1-0 victory over Tampa Bay. Since the beginning of the 2009 MLB season, it was the time that the Tampa Bay Rays were on the losing end of a perfect game. The only perfect game thrown in a Little League World Series championship was by Angel Macias of the Monterrey, Mexico, the Perfect Game, A Classic Collection of Facts, Figures, Stories and Characters from the Society for American Baseball Research. More Than Merkle, A History of the Best and Most Exciting Baseball Season in Human History, Perfect, The Inside Story of Baseballs Seventeen Perfect Games. The Greatest Game Ever Pitched, Sports Illustrated,27 Men Out, Baseballs Perfect Games
26.
Fear the Walking Dead
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Fear the Walking Dead is an American post-apocalyptic horror drama television series created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson, that premiered on AMC on August 23,2015. It is a series and prequel to The Walking Dead, which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore. FTWDs first season consists of six episodes, the second season, comprising 15 episodes, premiered on April 10,2016. On April 15,2016, AMC announced the series had been renewed for a 16-episode third season and they must revamp themselves, skills- and attitude-wise, to survive, as they come to terms with the impending collapse of civilization. Kim Dickens as Madison Clark, a school guidance counselor, Travis girlfriend, Alicia and Nicks mother. Cliff Curtis as Travis Manawa, a high school English teacher and Madisons boyfriend, frank Dillane as Nick Clark, Madisons 19-year-old son, a heroin addict who flunked out of community college. Alycia Debnam-Carey as Alicia Clark, Madisons overachieving teenage daughter and a model student, Elizabeth Rodriguez as Liza Ortiz, a no-nonsense nursing student, Travis ex-wife, and Chris mother. Mercedes Mason as Ofelia Salazar, a professional with immigrant parents Daniel. Lorenzo James Henrie as Christopher Manawa, Travis and Lizas rebellious teenage son who resents his father for their divorce, rubén Blades as Daniel Salazar, a barber, Griseldas husband, Ofelias father, and a Salvadoran refugee who protects his family at any cost. Colman Domingo as Victor Strand, a smart and sophisticated businessman with a mysterious past, michelle Ang as Alex, one of the few survivors of a plane crash whom the Los Angeles group encounters in season 2. Alex is introduced in the Fear the Walking Dead, Flight 462 web series, Daniel Sharman as Troy, described as having a wild temperament and suspicious of outsiders, who is charismatic with a cruel streak. Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Griselda Salazar, Ofelias mother, who emigrated from El Salvador with her husband Daniel to escape political unrest, Scott Lawrence as Artie Costa, the principal at the high school where Madison and Travis work. Lincoln A. Castellanos as Tobias, a high school senior. Maestro Harrell as Matt, Alicias boyfriend, Andrew Adams, a well-intentioned military man with a soulful disposition, who is out of his element. Jamie McShane as Lt. Moyers, the leader of the National Guard contingent in charge of protecting Madisons neighborhood and he does not take the complaints of the citizens too seriously and is a loose cannon. Sandrine Holt as Dr. Bethany Exner, a confident and skilled doctor, arturo Del Puerto as Luis Flores, an ally and right-hand man of Victor Strand and Thomas Abigail. Daniel Zovatto as Jack Kipling Jesse McCartney as Reed, Connors brother, veronica Diaz as Vida, a pregnant woman and one of Connors pirates. Marlene Forte as Celia Flores, Luiss mother, dougray Scott as Thomas Abigail, Strands partner and the apparent namesake of the boat Abigail
27.
Austin American-Statesman
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The Austin American-Statesman is the major daily newspaper for Austin, the capital city of Texas. It is owned by Cox Enterprises, the newspaper places focus on issues affecting Austin and the Central Texas region. The Austin American-Statesman competes with the Austin Chronicle, an alternative weekly, the Statesman benefits from the culture and writing heritage of Austin. It extensively covers the scene, especially the annual South by Southwest Music Festival. The newspaper co-sponsors various events around Austin such as the Capital 10K foot race, the Statesmans news website is Statesman. com and its entertainment site is Austin360. com. It also publishes a weekly Spanish-language newspaper, ¡ahora sí, additionally, the Statesman partners with the St. Petersburg Times with PolitiFact Texas, a site that covers issues that are relevant to Texas and the Austin area. In 2009, the Austin American-Statesman ranked 60th in circulation among daily newspapers, figures from Scarborough Research show the Statesman — in print and online – reaches 68% of Central Texans in an average week. Following a national trend among daily newspapers, the Statesman has seen declines in recent years. As compared to a U. S. national decline of 2. 1% and its Sunday circulation fell 5. 5% to 215,984. Austin is the 11th largest city in the U. S, the Statesman endorsed George W. Bush in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections, and Republican governor Rick Perry along with every other Republican incumbent in 2006. In the 2008 presidential election, however, the paper endorsed Barack Obama, the Statesman also provides coverage of the Libertarian Party and Green Party matters. Founded as the tri-weekly Democratic Statesman in 1871, the newspaper was originally allied with the state Democratic party during Reconstruction and it began daily publication as a morning paper in 1873. After absorbing the Austin Tribune in 1914, it published as the afternoon Austin Statesman and Tribune, then became an evening paper, a rival paper, the morning Austin American, began in 1914. Waco-based newspapermen Charles E. Marsh and E. S, fentress bought the American in 1919 and the Evening Statesman in 1924. Merged under one company, the morning and evening papers published separately during the week, the company continued separate titles until 1973, when all products became the American-Statesman, with four editions daily. Cox Enterprises acquired the Statesman when it bought the Waco newspaper company in 1976, in 1987, the Statesman moved to morning-only publication. In 2008, Cox put the Statesman up for sale with most of its newspaper holdings in order to pay down debt. A year later, the company pulled the paper off the market, the newspaper is part of subsidiary Cox Media Group, which joined the corporations television, radio and newspaper assets under one umbrella in 2008
28.
Dell EMC
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Dell EMC is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States. Dell EMC sells data storage, information security, virtualization, analytics, cloud computing and other products and services enable organizations to store, manage, protect. Dell EMCs target markets include large companies and small- and medium-sized businesses across various vertical markets, the stock was added to the New York Stock Exchange on April 6,1986, and was also listed on the S&P500 index. EMC had over 70,000 employees and was the world’s largest provider of systems by market share, competing against NetApp, IBM, Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Joseph M. Tucci had served as EMCs chief executive since January 2001 and chairman of the board of directors since January 2006, he joined the company in 2000 as president and chief operating officer. Tucci was also chairman of the board of VMware Corporation and chairman of the board of Pivotal Software, on October 12,2015, Dell Inc. announced that it would acquire EMC in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 billion—the largest-ever acquisition in the technology industry. The merger closed on September 7,2016, EMC has been renamed to Dell EMC as a result of the merger. The full form of former name EMC2 is Egan, Marino, Connolly & Curley. In the mid-1980s the company expanded beyond memory to other data storage types. EMC began shipping its product, the Symmetrix, in 1990. Symmetrix was the reason for EMCs rapid growth in the 1990s. Michael Ruettgers joined EMC in 1988 and served as CEO from 1992 until January 2001, under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems. In 2001, Joe Tucci was named executive officer of EMC. Under Tuccis leadership, EMC grew to $21.7 billion in revenues in 2012, in 2009, EMC and Cisco, with investments from VMware and Intel, formed a joint venture called VCE to develop products and services for the converged infrastructure and cloud computing markets. EMC announced its 450,000 square foot Center of Excellence in Durham, the COE houses a virtualized data center and includes 130,000 square feet of global research and development labs. In 2013, EMC launched a new company named Pivotal, led by Paul Maritz, the organization combines technologies from VMware and EMC and is focused on delivering Platform-as-a-Service products. EMC has been growing in part through aggressively making acquisitions of small companies, on October 12,2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire EMC in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 billion, which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition in the technology sector. The deal is structured so that Dell will pay $24.05 per share of EMC, in addition to those of the majority-owned VMware and Pivotal companies, EMC sells products and services designed to allow IT departments to move to a cloud computing model and to analyze big data. The following table includes the listing and timeline of EMC Corporations major acquisitions of companies since 1996
29.
Pivotal Software
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Pivotal Software, Inc. is a software and services company based in San Francisco and Palo Alto, California, with several other offices. Divisions include Pivotal Labs for consulting services, the Pivotal Cloud Foundry development group, Pivotal Software was formed in 2012 after spinning out of EMC Corporation and VMware. The name came from the Pivotal Labs LLC which had acquired by EMC. On April 24,2013, the organization announced a $105 million investment from General Electric and Pivotal One, paul Maritz became Pivotals chief executive immediately after the spin-out. Maritz had joined EMC in February 2008 when Pi Corporation, a company he co-founded, was acquired and was previously the CEO of VMware, the Greenplum Database formed the basis of a division selling software for the big data market. In March,2013, a distribution of Apache Hadoop called Pivotal HD was announced, paul Maritz became Pivotals Chairman and Rob Mee, founder of Pivotal labs, became chief executive officer of Pivotal Software on August 18,2015. In May,2016, a $253 million round of investment was announced, including Microsoft, EMC also converted $400 million of debt into equity at that time
30.
VMware
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VMware, Inc. is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies that provides cloud and virtualization software and services and claims to be the first to successfully virtualize the x86 architecture commercially. Founded in 1998, VMware is based in Palo Alto, California, in 2004, it was acquired by and became a subsidiary of EMC Corporation, then on August 14,2007, EMC sold 15% of the company in a New York Stock Exchange IPO. The company trades under the symbol VMW, in anticipation of Dells acquisition of parent company EMC, VMware announced a restructuring in January 2016 to reduce about 800 positions, and some executives resigned. There were doubts about the future and its product lines. In August 2016, announcing the release of new desktop products, in 1998, VMware was founded by Diane Greene, Mendel Rosenblum, Scott Devine, Ellen Wang and Edouard Bugnion. Greene and Rosenblum, who are married, first met while at the University of California, Edouard Bugnion remained the chief architect and CTO of VMware until 2005, and went on to found Nuova Systems. For the first year, VMware operated in stealth mode, with roughly 20 employees by the end of 1998, the company was launched officially early in the second year, in February 1999, at the DEMO Conference organized by Chris Shipley. The first product, VMware Workstation, was delivered in May 1999, in 2003, VMware launched VMware Virtual Center, the VMotion, and Virtual SMP technology. The same year, the company was acquired by EMC Corporation for US$625 million, in August 2007, EMC released 15% of the companys shares in VMware in an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. The stock debuted at US$29 per share and closed the day at US$51, in the same news release VMware stated that 2008 revenue growth will be modestly below the previous guidance of 50% growth over 2007. As a result, market price of VMware dropped nearly 25%, then, on September 10,2008, Rosenblum, the companys chief scientist, resigned. On September 16,2008, VMware announced a collaboration with Cisco Systems, one result was the Cisco Nexus 1000V, a distributed virtual software switch, an integrated option in the VMware infrastructure. On April 12,2011, VMware released an open source platform-as-a-service system called Cloud Foundry, as well as a hosted version of the service. This supported application deployment for Java, Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, Node. js, in March 2013, VMware gave details of a spin-off of Pivotal. All of VMwares application- and developer-oriented products, including Spring, tc Server, Cloud Foundry, RabbitMQ, GemFire and it also announced that it was introducing its own IaaS service, vCloud Hybrid Service, in a shift of its strategy of selling software to cloud service providers. In April 2013, Pivotal was formally created with GE as a minority shareholder, in May 2013, VMware launched vCloud Hybrid Service at its new Palo Alto headquarters, announcing an early access program in a Las Vegas data center. The service is based on vCloud Director 5. 1/vSphere 5.1 and it also pre-announced a disaster recovery and desktop-as-a-service offering based on Desktone, which it went on to acquire in October 2013. In March 2015, the Software Freedom Conservancy announced it was funding litigation by Christoph Hellwig against VMware for violation of his copyrights in its ESXi product, the case will be heard in Hamburg, Germany
31.
Alienware
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Alienware is an American computer hardware subsidiary of Dell. Their products are designed for gaming and can be identified by their alien-themed designs, Alienware was founded in 1996 by Nelson Gonzalez and Alex Aguila. The companys corporate headquarters is located in The Hammocks, in Miami, established in 1996 as Sakai of Miami, Inc. by Nelson Gonzalez and Alex Aguila, Alienware assembles desktops, notebooks, workstations, and PC gaming consoles. In 1997, it changed its name to Alienware, Dell had considered buying the Alienware company since 2002, but did not agree to purchase the company until March 22,2006. The new subsidiary retains control of its design and marketing while benefiting from Dells purchasing power, economies of scale, and supply chain, which lowered its operating costs. Initially, Dell maintained its competing XPS line of gaming PCs, often selling computers with similar specifications, due to corporate restructuring in the spring of 2008, the XPS brand was scaled down, and the Desktop line was eliminated leaving only the XPS Notebooks. Product development of gaming PCs was consolidated with Dells gaming division, on June 2,2009, The M17x was introduced as the first Alienware/Dell branded system. This launch also expanded Alienware’s global reach from 6 to 35 countries while supporting 17 different languages, Alienware announced that it will be releasing a series of video game consoles starting in 2014, aiming to compete with the Sony PlayStation, Nintendo Wii U, and the Microsoft Xbox. The first version in this series, the Alpha, will run Windows 8.1, the operating system and ability to play PC games is what separates the Alpha from the eighth generation of video game consoles. At E32016, Alienware announced the second rendition of the Alpha, the R2 adds 6th generation Intel processors, a choice of either the AMD Radeon R9 M470X or Nvidia GeForce 960 graphics cards, and support for Alienwares proprietary Graphics Amplifier. It also ships with Windows 10, the Graphics Amplifier allows an Alienware laptop to run most full length desktop GPUs. Shipped with Intel Sandy Bridge processors and the option of single or dual AMD Radeon 6870M/6970M/6990M Radeon HD6000 Series GPU, factory CPU overclocking was also an available option. Marketed as Alienware 18 but listed in some countries as M18XR3 Viking, the name and some of the design is based on the Alienware 17 inch laptop, the Alienware M17. M17x-R2 -2010 Revision of the M17x, adding support for Intel i5 and i7 processors, m17x-R3 -2011 Revision of the M17x, changes from aluminium chassis to a simplified plastic design, 3D Ready through a 120 Hz screen. M17x-R4 -2012 Revision of the M17x, updated with Windows 8, Intel Ivybridge Processors, Alienware 17 -2013 refresh of the M17x, updated with Intel Haswell Processors and Nvidia GeForce 700 Series GPUs or the AMD R9 M290X with new facelift and body design. Marketed as Alienware 17 but listed in some countries and order details as M17XR5 Ranger, updated with Nvidia GeForce 800 Series in 2014 Alienware 17 R2 -2015 revision of the Alienware 17, updated with Nvidia GeForce 900 Series. Features FHD matte display or FHD touch display, a port on the rear for Graphics Amplifier. This model introduced BGA mounted CPU and GPU, removing the ability to replace the CPU or GPU without changing the entire motherboard, Alienware 17 R3 -2015 refresh of the Alienware 17, Windows 10 available
32.
Dell Inspiron
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The Dell Inspiron is a computer product line produced by Dell as a range of laptop computers targeted at entry-level consumers. Early models were equipped with Mobile Celeron or Mobile Pentium II processors, the Inspiron mainly competes against computers such as Acers Aspire, Asus Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, HPs Pavilion and Envy, Lenovos IdeaPad and Toshibas Satellite. 700m Dell Latitude 137000 Released on Dells website on February 26,2009, the Inspiron Mini 10 is a 10.1 in netbook whose Mini 10v model weighs 1.13 kg, and whose Mini 10 model weighs 1.18 kg. The Mini 10 has an option for an external TV tuner, there is a 2 GB option available with Windows Vista Home Basic 32-bit. Released online on September 4,2008, the Dell Inspiron 910 is an 8.9 netbook that weighs 2.28 lbs and it was retired on May 29,2009. Memory,512 MB,1 GB or 2 GB of shared dual channel DDR2 SDRAM @533 MHz, Graphics Processor, integrated Intel GMA950 graphics. LCD Display,8.9 LED-backlit widescreen with 1024 ×600 resolution, hard Drive,8 GB,16 GB SSD, or 32 GB SSD. Optical Drive, External USB 8X tray-load dual-layer DVD+/-RW, Wi-Fi Card, Dell Wireless 1395802. 11g mini-card. Bluetooth, Dell Wireless Bluetooth Internal 350, I/O ports,3 USB2.0 ports,1 Fast Ethernet port,1 3-in-1 memory card reader,1 VGA output,1 headphone jack,1 microphone jack, and 1 power adapter port. Released online on October 16,2008, the Dell Inspiron 1210 is a 12.1 netbook that weighs 2.72 lbs, the netbook originally shipped with Windows Vista Home Basic SP1 32-bit, but an option for XP Home SP3 32-bit was added a month later. It was criticized for being slow with Vista and it was retired on August 7,2009. Processors, Intel Atom Z520 or Z530, Memory,512 MB or 1 GB of shared dual channel DDR2 SDRAM @533 MHz. Graphics Processor, integrated Intel GMA500 graphics, LCD Display,12.1 LED-backlit widescreen with 1280 ×800 resolution. Hard Drive,40 GB,60 GB or 32 GB PATA @5,400 RPM, optical Drive, External USB 8X tray-load dual-layer DVD+/-RW. Battery, 3-cell or 6-cell lithium-ion battery, Wi-Fi Card, Dell Wireless 1395802. 11g mini-card. Bluetooth, DelI Wireless Bluetooth Internal 350, I/O ports,3 USB2.0 ports,1 Fast Ethernet port,1 3-in-1 memory card reader,1 VGA output,1 headphone jack,1 microphone jack, and 1 power adapter port. Released in 2014, The Inspiron 113000 Series 2-in-1 is a 2-in-1 notebook with an 11-inch touchscreen and it competes with Acer Aspire R11, Asus Transformer Book Flip TP200, HP Pavilion x360, HP Stream x360, Lenovo Yoga 211 and Toshiba Satellite Radius 11. Its processor are from the 4th generation of Intel Core i3 processors with one SO-DIMM slot supporting DDR3L memory and its uses Intel HD graphics and the Realtek ALC3234 audio controller and a 2. 5-inch HDD with SATA3 Gbit/s capabilities
33.
Dell Latitude
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Latitude is Dells business laptop brand, designed and manufactured mainly by Compal and Quanta. The Latitude competes with the ThinkPad series from Lenovo, the EliteBook series from HP, the Dell Latitude is a laptop family from Dell Computers, intended for business use. By contrast, the Dell Inspiron is aimed at the consumer market, whereas Inspiron may change vendors or components several times over the course of a single model, the Latitude line generally retains identical components throughout its production. This design is intended to simplify maintenance and support tasks for large corporations, many models also feature free-fall sensors or solid-state drives. Latitude models are considered more durable and higher quality than the Inspiron line. The Ultraportable 4-series and mainstream 6-series Latitude models have 3 year support, the essential Latitudes retain the 1 year warranty of other products. But, this results in a price several hundreds of dollars higher compared to the consumer models, Latitude computers are also differentiated in their feature sets, due to their business focus. For example, they often include security features such as smartcard and contactless smartcard, and TPM security, a lid clasp, DisplayPort video out, and support for legacy standards are all results of the requirements of the business market. Some models also have the capability of Latitude ON which can be selected during the configuration of the laptop, Latitude ON is essentially a system within a system. It requires a separate add on module which contains its own microprocessor and this allows the laptop to function in the realm of a Netbook. The primary competitors to the Latitude series are the Lenovo Thinkpad line, Dell used the E-series name up through the 2016 models, and new 2017 models drop the E. As of February 2017, Latitude computers are available in three series, the 3000,5000, and 7000, the 3000 series is designed to be entry-level, similar to the previous Latitude E55xx and Latitude E54xx laptops. The 5000 series is mid-range, similar to the Latitude E64xx and E65xx, the 7000 series consists of high-end Ultrabook computers, introduced in 2014 with the Latitude E7440 and E7240. Aside from the 3000,5000, and 7000 series, Dell also provides an Education, the Education series laptops are designed for use in educational institutions. Theyre not especially powerful, and are geared towards office applications or internet-based applications. The Rugged series laptops are similar to the previous Latitude XFR computers and they are designed with extra durability in mind. The models are the D4x0, D5x0, D6x0 and D8x0 most models are based on the Intel Core 2 Duo and the Intel Santa Rosa chipset, with the exception being the D531. Ever since the D420, D620, and D800, the D-series features wide aspect LCD screens,12.1,14.1, the Latitude D6x0 series is the 14/14.1 corporate model
34.
Dell OptiPlex
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OptiPlex is a line of desktop computers from Dell aimed at the corporate, government and education markets. The systems typically contain Intel CPUs, beginning with the Pentium, business-oriented components, such as Gigabit Ethernet and software such as data protection utilities, often come standard with the Optiplex. Older OptiPlex models, notably the GX270, suffered frequent failures due to faulty capacitors supplied by Nichicon. These capacitors would bulge and leak, resulting in failure after only a few years of use. Leaked internal documents allege that Dell knew that the computers were likely to fail, the OptiPlex series comes in various sizes which have evolved as the style of chassis has changed. In the classic beige chassis, In the recent midnight-gray chassis, Current model BTX chassis, The OptiPlex 960 introduces a new style of cases and they are named after various rock bands. Dell PCs Buying Guide Dells official PC buying guides site, Dell USA, OptiPlex desktop machines intended for medium and large businesses Dell Support for more information about specifications
35.
Dell XPS
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Dell XPS is a line of gaming and performance computers manufactured by the American company, Dell. The XPS name dates back to 1993 when Dell at that time was focused on corporate business than consumers. Gateway was number one in the consumer market. In early 1993 there was a meeting to address how to pursue this emerging market. At this time Dell turned over less than 500 million dollars a year, at this meeting it was decided to launch a new high-end product line to beat Gateway. Vernon Weiss was assigned as manager to spearhead and manage the new product. In September 1993 the first two versions of the new XPS line were announced, the first generation of the XPS system was available as either a desktop or a tower. This new product line was so far ahead of the competition that it was featured on the cover of the October 1993 issue of PC Computing, the XPS mainly competes against computers such as Acers Aspire, HPs Pavilion and Envy, Lenovos IdeaPad and Toshibas Satellite. From 1997 to 2001, as Dell grew into a large corporation, in 2005 Dell revamped their XPS line as a direct assault on the market share of companies such as Alienware and Falcon Northwest. In 2005 Dell separated their home desktop systems into two lines, Dimension and XPS and their home notebooks were also separated into two lines, Inspiron and XPS. While the XPS designation used to mean the hardware was high-end and well suited for gaming, that is no longer the case. For example, the XPS200 is limited to extremely low-end video cards, while the XPS M140 is only configurable with Intel video, thus making both systems unsuited for gaming or high-end usage. Starting 2002, Dell considered buying Alienware, but did not take any action until March 22,2006, the new subsidiary maintained its autonomy in terms of design and marketing. However, Alienwares access to Dells supply chain, purchasing power, initially, Dell maintained the XPS line, often selling computers with the same specifications as those offered by the Alienware division. Due to corporate restructuring in the spring of 2008, the XPS brand was scaled down, in 2008 the former XPS line became known as Studio XPS and Dell advertised it as a performance computer line while Alienware was being advertised for gaming. On June 2,2009, The M17x was introduced as the First Alienware/Dell branded system, Dell XPS Towers were released in July 2016. Three systems were introduced, the XPS Tower, XPS Tower VR, all systems are introduced with 6th-generation i5 and i7 CPUs, at least 8GB of DDR4 memory, and are designed with an easy to open chassis for simple expandability. One of the differences from the 8900 is that now the m.2 connector supports pci-e lanes instead of 1
36.
Dell Precision
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Dell Precision Workstations are computers intended as workstations for CAD / Architecture / CG professionals, or as small-scale business servers. Dell announced a new series of Latitude laptops in August 2013, the 3000 series, the 5000 series, on October 2015, Dell announced the first generation of Precision mobile workstations of this series with model numbers 3510,5510,7510 and 7710. In January 2017, Dell announced the second generation laptops in this series with model numbers 3520,5520,7520 and 7720, the first generation of Precision laptops is compatible with the E-Series Advanced Port Replicators. The second generation does not support the E-Series docking station but will support a WiGig wireless dock, Dell launched the E Series of laptops on August 12,2008 with a collection of Latitude and Precision computers. Both the Latitude and Precision computers are compatible with the new E Series docking stations and these Precision models were released at roughly the same time as their D-series Latitude counterparts. * The Precision 490 shipped with 3 different motherboards, part numbers DT031, F9382, all three motherboard revisions are capable of running Dual-Core 5100 Series Xeon processors, but not all support the 5300 series Quad-Core Xeons. Evidence suggests that some GU083 motherboards support Quad-Core, ** Also available as a mini-tower. * The Precision 670 shipped with different motherboards, part numbers X0392, HG593, FC840, MG022, MG024, MG026, U7565, only the XC837 board supports the dual-core Paxville DP Xeon processor. The only Paxville CPU that works on the XC837 is the Paxville DP2.80 GHz and you must upgrade the bios to version A07 before attempting to install a Paxville CPU. ** Precision 690 motherboard part number MY171 board revision A02 supports Quad-core Xeon processors, system board numbers DT029 F9394, and MY171 board revision A00 and A01 do not support quad-core processors. *** Also available in a desktop version, Dell Precision Workstations Dell Precision Mobile Workstations Precision T7600 user manual Precision T3500 technical guide inforocked. com
37.
Dell Adamo
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Adamo is a Dell subnotebook focused on design and mobility. A notebook prototype was unveiled at the Consumer Electronics Show on January 9,2009, Dell also claimed it is the worlds thinnest laptop, at 16.5 mm thick. It is a slim luxury ultraportable intended to compete with Apples MacBook Air, Lenovos ThinkPad X301, on September 9,2009, Dell previewed a new, thinner Adamo XPS laptop design, which was 9.99 mm thick. The Adamo 13 was released on March 17,2009, in the US with either a Core 2 Duo 1.2 GHz ULV processor,2 GB DDR3 RAM or a Core 2 Duo 1.4 GHz ULV processor with 4 GB DDR3 RAM. Both were initially equipped with a 128 GB SSD, and a 13. 4-inch widescreen with a 1366x768 resolution with a built-in 1.3 MP webcam and it weighs 4 pounds, originally shipped with Windows Vista 64-bit Home Premium, with an optional external DVD-RW drive. Later on in the year, Dell upgraded the Desire model with a Core 2 Duo 2.1 SL9600 processor, Adamo prices were also dropped by $500 at the time. The Adamo 13 was offered in two colors, Pearl and Onyx, in early 2011, Dell discontinued the Adamo lineup, re-positioning its XPS lineup as the top offering. On September 9,2009, Dell previewed a new, thinner Adamo XPS laptop design and it was released on November 5,2009 and priced at USD1,799. The laptops bottom half, containing the keyboard, is smaller than the top half of the containing the screen. The screen half is concave, so when shut the keyboard embeds itself into the screen and it is designed, that when open, the bottom of the screen half and the edge of the keyboard, make contact with the surface it is resting on. The Adamo XPS has a strip on the lip of its lid which. Internally, it has either a 128 GB solid-state drive or a 180 GB hard drive and it uses 4GB of DDR3 memory and a 1.4 GHz Intel ULV processor. The battery can run either 4 or 5 hours, depending on configuration, in March 2010, Dell discontinued their Adamo XPS line. During that same month of March 2010, Dell made Adamo XPS available again, subsequently, as of November 2010, the Adamo XPS is no longer available on the Dell website. Official Adamo by Dell homepage Official Dell Adamo XPS homepage
38.
Dell Dimension
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The Dell Dimension series is a line of home and business desktop computers manufactured by Dell. On June 26,2007, Dell replaced the low-end Dimension with the Inspiron line of desktop computers, the Dimension series is now sold to non-American markets. The last of the high-end Dimensions were the 9200 and 9200c, the earlier version used the i850 chipset with a Socket 423, while the later version used the i850E chipset with a Socket 478. Dell Dimension Dell Dimension Standard Memory Specification Guide
39.
Dell Inspiron Mini Series
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The Dell Inspiron Mini Series is a line of subnotebook/netbook computers designed by Dell. The series was introduced in September 2008 amidst the growing popularity of low-cost netbook computers introduced by competitors. The Dell Inspiron Mini 9, was announced on September 4,2008, as a set to contend with other low cost ultra-portables such as the ASUS Eee PC. The Mini 9 was also sold as the Dell Vostro A90 by the Dell Small Business Unit, the Mini 9 began shipping on September 16,2008, starting at US$349. It is built by Compal Electronics, which makes the MSI Wind Netbook. SSD/Ubuntu Netbook Remix Dell initially shipped versions of the Mini 9 with only partially usable storage, standard operating system upgrades later fixed the issue. SSD The Mini 9 uses a very special SSD drive and it is a 50mm solid state module with mini PCIe interface. It uses IDE/PATA signal, so replacing it with a module with SATA signal wont work, battery capacity In January, it was suspected that some units were shipping with 24 watt-hour capacity batteries, labeled as 32 watt-hour. The low-capacity batteries appear to be manufactured in Tokyo. It was later determined that the used to examine the batteries was incorrectly reporting the capacity and has since been reported to be fixed with an upgrade of the BIOS. Dell has sold two models under the Mini 10 branding, distinguished by model number, the Mini 10 is a netbook with a 10.1 screen that was designed to fill the gap between the Mini 9 and Mini 12. It began shipping on February 26,2009 with a price of US$399. It has the Intel Atom Z520 and Z530 processor configurations, the default Mini 10 model has a 16,9 widescreen display with a 1024x600 or 1366x768 HD resolution and an HDMI port. It can be customized with GPS or integrated TV tuner, the service manual displays two full-height MiniPCI-E internal slots, and one half-height. It is unclear whether the connectors are all in place, the device also features a multi-touch touchpad. The Mini 10 has a form factor to the older Mini 10 and 10v, it is distinguished by the use of the newer Atom n450 processor. The HDMI port is replaced with a standard VGA connector. The Mini 10v has since been discontinued, Dell released the Mini 10n based on the Mini 10
40.
Dell Studio
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Dells Studio brand is a range of laptops and desktops targeted at the mainstream consumer market. The computers sit above Dells Inspiron and below the XPS consumer lines in price, if purchased online, many customizable colors, designs and features are available, including a fingerprint scanner in some countries. On July 29,2008, Dell introduced the desktop counterpart to the Dell Studio Laptops, a compact desktop legacy-free PC using laptop components, it contains the same slot-loading optical drive as the laptops with the range of connectivity expected of a desktop PC. On September 24,2009, Dell released Studio laptops with the option for a mobile Core i7 processor, on June 18,2010, Dells website stopped selling the Studio Hybrid. As of May 2011, Dell has discontinued the Studio line of notebooks, the Studio XPS and Studio desktop lines continued on. Studio 1450, Uses Intel Pentium and Core 2 Duo processors, DDR3 memory, Studio 1457, Uses Intel Core i7 quad-core processors, DDR3 memory and standard ATI Mobility Radeon HD4530 graphics. Studio 1458, Uses Intel Core i3/i5/i7 quad-core and dual-core processors, DDR3 memory and it has had many options and features that have changed over the years, processors ranging from low-end Pentium Dual Core processors up to quad-core i7 processors. Newly added is the ATI Mobility Radeon 54701 GB graphics card, all models except the 1537,1557 and 1569 shipped standard with Intel integrated graphics. 1530 series in general, The 1530 series came standard with touch capacitive media and eject buttons, a slot-loading VHS drive, both the touch capacitive buttons, and the optional fingerprint reader were removed from later series. The fingerprint reader was replaced in later models with a facial recognition webcam,1535, Intel Pentium and Core 2 Duo processors,800 MHz DDR2 RAM and the option of the ATI Mobility Radeon HD3450256 MB video card. 1536, AMD Turion X2 processors,800 MHz DDR2 RAM,1555, Newer Core 2 Duo and Pentium processors,800 MHz DDR2 RAM and an ATI Mobility Radeon HD4570 video card with 256 MB or 512 MB or dedicated memory. 1557, Intel Core i7 quad-core processor,1066 MHz or 1333 MHz DDR3 RAM and standard ATI Mobility Radeon HD4570 video card with 512 MB of video memory. 1558, Intel Core i3, i5 and i7 processors,1066 MHz DDR3 RAM,1569, Intel Core i5-430M2.26 GHz processor,4 GB1066 MHz DDR3 RAM and Intel integrated graphics or 512 MB ATI Mobility Radeon HD4570 video card A17 laptop. Studio 1735 Studio 1736 Studio 1737 Studio 1745/47/49 Studio 17 Touch A13.3 laptop that offers a Studio-XPS crossover, runs on DDR3 memory and uses Intel Core 2 Duo processors. The latent technical problems, stemming from the relatively small shell packing a lot of sophisticated hardware, were numerous. Dells designers simply attempted to pack too much power into the 13-inch model, in the arena of the lightweight notebooks, even one inch can make a difference, so sacrifices must be made. Among the widely reported issues is the overheating in the area of the vent and the card, whereby the heat spreads to the palm rests. The more serious issue is with the optical drive, the device simply does not fit properly into the 13-inch shell
41.
Dell PowerEdge
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The Dell PowerEdge line is Dells server computer product line. Most PowerEdge servers use the x86 architecture, the partnership between Intel and Dell remained close, with Intel remaining the exclusive source of processors in Dells servers until 2006. In May 2006 Dell announced that it intended to develop servers using AMD Opteron processors. The first Opteron-based PowerEdge systems, the PowerEdge 6950 and the PowerEdge SC1435, appeared in October 2006 PowerEdge machines come configured as tower, rack-mounted, Dell uses a consistent chip-set across servers in the same generation regardless of packaging, allowing for a common set of drivers and system-images. Original equipment manufacturers and value-added resellers also offer solutions based on PowerEdge servers, loaded with custom software and with minor cosmetic changes, Dells servers form the underlying hardware in certain appliances from IronPort, Google, Exinda Networks, and Enterasys. In 2007 the PowerEdge line accounted for approximately 15% of Dells overall revenue from computer-hardware sales and these cards were equipped with hardware from LSI Corporation or Intel,256 MBytes of memory, support up to 8x SATA3.0 Gbit/s drives without the use of expanders. They had an optional Battery Backup Unit to allow flexible use of the memory during writes, enhancing performance in RAID5 and 6. Although PowerEdge is mainly used to refer to there are a few systems where the term PowerEdge refers to systems of which servers are a part. The individual non-server components have also their own name in their own such as PowerConnect M-switches or EqualLogic blade-SAN. PowerEdge VRTX - the converged system consisting of 4 PowerEdge M-blade servers, the built-in storage solution and the I/O networking module. Since the introduction of the generation 10 servers in 2007 Dell adopted a method for naming their servers. The letter indicates the type of server, R indicates a 19 rack-mountable server, M indicates a blade server, while T indicates a stand-alone server. This letter is followed by 3 digits, The first digit refers to the number of CPU sockets in the system,1 to 3 for one socket,4 to 7 for two sockets, and 9 for four sockets. 8 can be two or four sockets depending on generation and CPU maker The middle digit refers to the generation,0 for Generation 10,1 for Generation 11. The third digit indicates the maker of the CPU,0 for Intel or 5 for Advanced Micro Devices, for example, The Dell PowerEdge M610 was a two-socket server of the 11th generation using an Intel CPU while the R605 was a two-socket AMD-based rack-server of the 10th generation. For example, the PowerEdge 2800 was the equivalent of the 2850. The naming applies to the tower version too, but the version will usually be between 5U and 6U. List of Dell PowerEdge Servers Dell Server Documentation Using a PowerEdge tower on its side in a rack Review Dell PowerEdge R810 Review Dell PowerEdge R815
42.
Dell M1000e
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The M1000e fits in a 19-inch rack and is 10 rack units high,17.6 wide and 75,4 cm deep. The empty blade enclosure weighs 44,5 kg while a fully loaded system can weigh up to 178.8 kg. On the front the servers are inserted while at the backside the power-supplies, fans and I/O modules are inserted together with the management modules, a blade enclosure offers centralized management for the servers and I/O systems of the blade-system. Most servers used in the offer an iDRAC card and one can connect to each servers iDRAC via the M1000e management system. It is also possible to connect a virtual KVM switch to have access to the main-console of each installed server, in June 2013 Dell introduced the PowerEdge VRTX, which is a smaller blade system that shares modules with the M1000e. The blade servers, although following the naming strategy e. g. M520, M620 are not interchangeable between the VRTX and the M1000e. The blades differ in firmware and mezzanine connectors, the server-blades are inserted in the front side of the enclosure while all other components can be reached via the back. The original midplane 1.0 capabilities are Fabric A - Ethernet 1Gb, Fabrics B&C - Ethernet 1Gb, 10Gb, 40Gb - Fibre Channel 4Gb, 8Gb - IfiniBand DDR, QDR, FDR10. The enhanced midplane 1.1 capabilities are Fabric A - Ethernet 1Gb, 10Gb, Fabrics B&C - Ethernet 1Gb, 10Gb, 40Gb - Fibre Channel 4Gb, 8Gb, 16Gb - IfiniBand DDR, QDR, FDR10, FDR. The original M1000e enclosures came with midplane version 1.0, to have 10Gb Ethernet on fabric A or 16Gb Fibre Channel or InfiniBand FDR on fabrics B&C, you will need midplane 1.1. Current versions of the enclosure come with midplane 1.1, the slots are numbered 1-16 where 1-8 are the upper blades and 9-16 are directly beneath 1-8. Next to this is a power-button with power-indication, next to this is a small LCD screen with navigation buttons which allows you to get system-information without the need to access the CMC/management system of the enclosure. Basic status and configuration information is available via this display, to operate the display you can pull it towards you and tilt it for optimal view and access to the navigation button. For quick status checks, an indicator light sits alongside the LCD display and is visible, with a blue LED indicating normal operation. This LCD display can also be used for the configuration wizard in a newly delivered system. All other parts and modules are placed at the rear of the M1000e, the rear-side is divided in 3 sections, top, here you insert the 3 management-modules, one or two CMC modules and an optional iKVM module. At the bottom of the enclosure there are 6 bays for power-supply units. A standard M1000e operates with three PSUs The area in between offers 3 x 3 bays for cooling-fans and up to 6 I/O modules, three modules to the left of the fans and three to the right
