1.
Atlanta, Georgia
–
Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
2.
Political spectrum
–
A political spectrum is a system of classifying different political positions upon one or more geometric axes that symbolize independent political dimensions. Most long-standing spectra include a wing and left wing, which originally referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament after the Revolution. According to the simplest left–right axis, communism and socialism are usually regarded internationally as being on the left, liberalism can mean different things in different contexts, sometimes on the left, sometimes on the right. Those with an intermediate outlook are classified as centrists or moderates, politics that rejects the conventional left–right spectrum is known as syncretic politics. Political scientists have noted that a single left–right axis is insufficient for describing the existing variation in political beliefs. As seen from the Speakers seat at the front of the Assembly, the aristocracy sat on the right, originally, the defining point on the ideological spectrum was the Ancien Régime. The Right thus implied support for aristocratic or royal interests, and the church, while The Left implied support for republicanism, secularism, and civil liberties. Because the political franchise at the start of the revolution was relatively narrow, the original Left represented mainly the interests of the bourgeoisie and their political interests in the French Revolution lay with opposition to the aristocracy, and so they found themselves allied with the early capitalists. However, this did not mean that their interests lay with the laissez-faire policies of those representing them politically. As capitalist economies developed, the aristocracy became less relevant and were replaced by capitalist representatives. This evolution has often pulled parliamentary politicians away from laissez-faire economic policies, for almost a century, social scientists have considered the problem of how best to describe political variation. In 1950, Leonard W. Submitting the results to factor analysis and this system was derived empirically, rather than devising a political model on purely theoretical grounds and testing it, Fergusons research was exploratory. As a result of method, care must be taken in the interpretation of Fergusons three factors, as factor analysis will output an abstract factor whether an objectively real factor exists or not. Although replication of the Nationalism factor was inconsistent, the finding of Religionism and Humanitarianism had a number of replications by Ferguson, shortly afterward, Hans Eysenck began researching political attitudes in Great Britain. He believed that there was something similar about the National Socialists on the one hand. Submitting this value questionnaire to the process of factor analysis used by Ferguson. Such analysis produces a factor whether or not it corresponds to a real-world phenomenon, Eysencks dimensions of R and T were found by factor analyses of values in Germany and Sweden, France, and Japan. According to Eysenck, members of both ideologies were tough-minded, in this context, Eysenck carried out studies on nazism and communist groups, claiming to find members of both groups to be more dominant and more aggressive than control groups
3.
Democratic Party (United States)
–
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
4.
Georgia (U.S. state)
–
Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
5.
Sonny Perdue
–
George Ervin Sonny Perdue III is an American politician who served as the 81st Governor of Georgia from 2003 to 2011. Upon his inauguration in January 2003, he became the first Republican Governor of Georgia since Reconstruction, Perdue currently serves on the Governors’ Council of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, DC, and is President Donald Trumps nominee for U. S. Secretary of Agriculture. If confirmed, Perdue would only be the second Secretary of Agriculture from the Deep South, the first was Mike Espy of Mississippi, who served under President Bill Clinton from January 1993 to December 1994. On January 18,2017, incoming U. S. President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Perdue to be United States Secretary of Agriculture and his nomination was transmitted to the Senate on March 9,2017. Perdue was born in Perry, Georgia, the son of Ophie Viola, a teacher and he grew up and still lives in Bonaire, an unincorporated area between Perry and Warner Robins. Perdue has been known as Sonny since childhood and prefers to be called by name, he was sworn in. Perdue is the first cousin of U. S, Perdue played quarterback at Warner Robins High School and was a walk-on at the University of Georgia, where he was also a member of the Beta-Lambda chapter of Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Perdue is not related to the family owns and operates Perdue Farms. Perdue served in the U. S. Air Force, rising to the rank of captain before his discharge, after serving as a member of the Houston County Planning & Zoning Commission in the 1980s, Perdue ran for a seat in the Georgia General Assembly. He defeated Republican candidate Ned Sanders in 1990 and succeeded Democratic incumbent Ed Barker as the Senator representing the 18th district. Perdue was elected in 1991,1994, and 1996, serving as his partys leader in the Senate, from 1994 to 1997 and his committee assignments included Ethics, Finance & Public Utilities, Health & Human Services, Reapportionment and Economic Development, Tourism & Cultural Affairs. He switched party affiliation from Democrat to Republican in 1998 and was re-elected to the Senate as a Republican and he also won re-election in 2000. In December 2001, Perdue resigned as State Senator and devoted entirely to running for the office of Governor. He won the 2002 Georgia gubernatorial election, defeating Democratic incumbent Roy Barnes, 51% to 46% and he became the first Republican governor of Georgia in over 130 years since Benjamin F. Conley. In 2006, Perdue was re-elected to a term in the 2006 Georgia gubernatorial election. His Democratic opponent was Lieutenant Governor Mark Taylor, Libertarian Garrett Michael Hayes was also on the ballot. Perdue advocated reforms designed to cut waste in government, most notably the sale of surplus vehicles, prior to Perdues becoming governor, no state agency had even compiled an inventory of what assets the state owned. In education, Perdue promoted the return of most decision-making to the local level, after Perdue took office, in 2003 and 2004, Georgia moved up from last place in the country in SAT scores
6.
Roy Barnes
–
Roy Eugene Barnes is an American attorney, politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 80th Governor of Georgia from 1999 to 2003. A member of the Georgia Senate from 1974 to 1990, Barnes ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1990, Barnes then served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1992 to 1998. He ran for Governor again in 1998, handily winning the primary and it is widely believed that his support of the flag change significantly contributed to his re-election defeat in 2002. After his defeat, he resumed the practice of law and co-chaired the Aspen Institute Commission on No Child Left Behind Act and he returned to politics when he ran for Governor again in 2010, losing to Republican Nathan Deal. Roy Barnes was born on March 11,1948 in Mableton and his family owned a general store, which gave him his first exposure to politics as he listened to the conversations of the store patrons. Upon his graduation from South Cobb High School, Barnes enrolled at the University of Georgia and he was active on the debate team, and spent his summers returning home to work in the family store. He graduated with a degree in history in 1969, and one year later married Marie Dobbs of Marietta, Georgia, after college, Barnes enrolled in the University of Georgia School of Law. While there, he was elected president of the student bar association and he graduated from law school in 1972 with honors, and returned to Cobb County to work as a prosecutor in the Cobb County District Attorneys Office after serving four months in the Army. Barnes’ political career began in 1974, when he was elected by the citizens of Mableton to the Georgia State Senate, upon his election, Barnes became the youngest member of the Georgia Senate at age 26. Barnes went on to serve eight terms in the Georgia Senate, after his second term, he was named floor leader to Governor Joe Frank Harris, and was appointed chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee. After eight terms in the Georgia Senate, Barnes entered the 1990 gubernatorial election and he faced Atlanta Mayor Andrew Young and Lt. Governor Zell Miller in the Democratic Primary, Barnes was defeated by Miller, who later won the election and became an ally of Barnes. Barnes returned to politics in 1992, when he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives and he was appointed vice chair of the Judiciary Committee, and chair of the Subcommittee on General Law. During his tenure in the Georgia House, he served on the Rules and Banks. In 1998, Barnes ran for governor again, this time defeating Secretary of State Lewis A. Massey to win the Democratic primary, the Democrats retained control of both houses of the legislature and retained all but two state level offices. Barnes also took action to change the flag of the state of Georgia. The state flag had featured the Confederate battle emblem since 1956, Barnes education reform measures included eliminating tenure for newly hired teachers and ending social promotion by requiring students to pass a test before advancing to the next grade. Teachers did not support his proposals for ending tenure and other protections for new teachers, Barnes signed the Terrell Peterson Act to protect children at risk of death due to abuse, also as a result of Terrells death
7.
Tom Murphy (Georgia politician)
–
Thomas Bailey Tom Murphy was an American politician from the U. S. state of Georgia. Murphy was the Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1973 until his defeat in the election of 2002. He was a member of the Democratic Party, Murphy was born in Bremen, Georgia, where his father was a telegraph operator for the railroad. Murphy graduated from Bremen High School in 1941 and enrolled in North Georgia College in Dahlonega, during World War II Murphy served in the Navy in the south Pacific. After leaving the Navy Murphy attended the University of Georgia Law School and that same year he was elected to the Bremen Board of Education. He was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1960, from 1967 until 1970 Murphy was the floor leader in the House under Governor Lester Maddox. From 1970-1973 he was the Speaker pro tem of the House, in 1973, he was elected to the position of Speaker in the House of Representatives where he remained until his general election defeat in 2002. Murphy quickly rose to a position of unsurpassed influence in state government and he became so politically powerful during his speakership, that he is largely credited with helping his legislative protégé, Joe Frank Harris, get elected governor in 1982. When Murphy died, Georgia Republican U. S, senator Johnny Isakson said, Tom Murphy was a giant in Georgia politics, and his legacy is everywhere. Without Tom Murphy there would be no World Congress Center, or Georgia Dome or MARTA, Isakson went on to say, As tough as he was on the outside, he had a soft spot in his heart for children, the poor and the sick. He was a product of the Depression and it left an impression on him. In many a speech Speaker Murphy would reflect on the days of his youth, fiercely partisan, Murphy described himself as a yellow dog Democrat, or one who would rather vote for a yellow dog than vote for a Republican. Westmoreland put it bluntly, Tom Murphy wasnt fair, he wasnt bipartisan, in 1991 and 2001 Murphy presided over the reapportionment process which redrew congressional and legislative lines. The resulting district maps were criticized for gerrymandering, which significantly favored Democrats, Murphy acted to redraw the congressional seats of high-profile Republicans Newt Gingrich, and Bob Barr, in what was viewed as typical of his hardball application of political power. Gingrich remarked that The Speaker, by raising money and gerrymandering, has dedicated a part of his career to wiping me out. Murphy frequently skated to reelection, but faced increasingly competitive races from the late 1980s onward as Atlantas northern suburbs bled into the district, indeed, Republican candidates began winning up and down the ballot in the district during this time. In 2000, he faced his closest race yet against Republican Bill Heath, Murphy only held on by 505 votes, a margin of less than two percentage points. However, gerrymandering ultimately proved to be Murphys downfall, the contorted districts that resulted from the 2001 remap both confused and angered voters, and is believed to have led to Murphy losing his own seat in 2002 in a rematch against Heath
8.
Georgia State Senate
–
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly. According to the constitution of 1983, this body is to be composed of no more than 56 members elected for two-year terms. Current state law provides for 56 members, elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. Senators must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the United States, the highest position in the Senate is the President of the Senate, a position currently held by Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle. The second highest position is that of President Pro Tempore, currently held by Senator David Shafer, the presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate. A President Pro Tempore, usually a member of the majority party. In case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the President or in the event of the succession of the President to the executive power, the Senate also has as an officer the Secretary of the Senate
9.
Georgia House of Representatives
–
The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly of the U. S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members, the Georgia House of Representatives was created in 1777 during the American Revolution, making it older than the U. S. Congress. During its existence, its place has moved multiple times, from Savannah to Augusta, to Louisville, to Milledgeville. In 1867, the governor of Georgia called for an assembly in Atlanta to discuss a constitutional convention. Atlanta officials moved to make the city Georgias new state capital, the constitutional convention agreed and the people voted to ratify the decision on April 20,1868. The Georgia General Assembly first presided in Atlanta on July 4,1868, on October 26,1884, construction began on a new state capitol and was first occupied on June 15,1889. The state legislature cannot grant incorporation to private persons but may establish laws governing the incorporation process and it is also prohibited from authorizing contracts or agreements that may have the effect of or the intent of lessening competition or encouraging a monopoly. Members of the Georgia House of Representatives maintain two privileges during their time in office, first, no member can be arrested during session or during committee meetings except in cases of treason, felony, or breach of the peace. Second, members are not liable for anything they say in session or committee meetings. According to the constitution of 1983, this body is to comprise no fewer than 180 members elected for two-year terms. Current state law provides for 180 members, elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. It is the third-largest lower house of the 50 United States, as of 2011, attorneys account for about 16. 1% of the membership of the Georgia House of Representatives, a relatively low figure. The House of Representatives elects its own Speaker as well as a Speaker Pro Tempore, the current speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives is David Ralston. The current Speaker Pro Tempore is Jan Jones, the Speaker Pro Tempore becomes Speaker in case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the Speaker. The Speaker Pro Tempore serves until a new Speaker is elected, in addition there is a clerk of the House, who is charged with overseeing the flow of legislation through the body. The current clerk is William L. Reilly
10.
Nathan Deal
–
John Nathan Deal is an American politician who is the 82nd and current Governor of the U. S. state of Georgia since January 2011. He was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1992, on March 1,2010, Deal announced his resignation from Congress to run for governor of Georgia. The following day Handel declined to pursue a recount and conceded, on November 2, Democratic opponent Roy Barnes called to concede the race for governor of Georgia, making Deal the governor-elect to succeed term-limited Sonny Perdue in 2011. Deal won his campaign for governor in 2014. Deal was born in the town of Millen and grew up on a farm in Sandersville and his parents, Mary and Noah Jordan Deal, were teachers. He attended Mercer University in Macon, where he earned his bachelor, after he earned his Juris Doctor degree in 1966, he went into the United States Army, where he earned the rank of captain. Deal spent twenty-three years in law practice. He was also a criminal prosecutor, a Hall County juvenile court judge, in 1980, he was elected to the Georgia Senate as a Democrat. In November 1990, he was elected by his party to be the President Pro Tempore, Democrat Jane R. Hemmer replaced him, but was defeated by Republican Casey Cagle. Deal was first elected to Congress in November 1992 as a Democrat and he was re-elected as a Democrat in 1994. Years later, Gingrich said that Deal became a Republican because he liked what he saw in the Contract With America, Deal was handily re-elected in his first election as a Republican in the 1996 General Election, even though Jenkins endorsed his Democratic opponent, attorney McCracken Ken Poston. This was the first time his district had elected a Republican for a term since Reconstruction. Deal was unopposed for re-election in 1998,2002 and 2004 and his district was renumbered the 10th District in 2003, but became the 9th again after a mid-decade redistricting in 2006. In November 2006, Deal was re-elected 77%–23% and his Democratic opponent was John Bradbury, a former elementary school teacher turned truck driver. His district, already heavily Republican, became even more Republican after the mid-decade redistricting pushed it further into the Atlanta suburbs, Deals voting record was relatively moderate in his first term, getting ratings in the 60s from the American Conservative Union. He moved sharply to the right after his party switch and voted for all four articles of impeachment against Bill Clinton, from 1996 onward, he garnered ratings of 90 or higher from the ACU. During his 17 years in Congress, Deal rose to chair the Health Subcommittee of Energy and Commerce, Nathan Deal introduced H. R.698, the Citizenship Reform Act, which would eliminate birthright citizenship for illegal aliens in the U. S. The 14th Amendment begins All persons born or naturalized in the United States, Deals argument is that illegal aliens are not subject to U. S. jurisdiction
11.
Democratic National Committee
–
The Democratic National Committee is the formal governing body for the United States Democratic Party. The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state and it organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate and confirm a candidate for president, and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it not have direct authority over elected officials. The DNC is composed of the chairs and vice-chairs of each state Democratic Party committee and over 200 members elected by Democrats in all 50 states and its chairperson is elected by the committee. It conducts fundraising to support its activities, the DNC was established at the 1848 Democratic National Convention. The DNCs main counterpart is the Republican National Committee, the DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. When the president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president, there are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns. The chairperson of the DNC is elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee, primary elections, in particular, are invariably conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Outside of the process of nominating a candidate, the DNCs role in actually selecting candidates to run on the party ticket is minimal. All DNC members are superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention whose role can influence a close primary race, sitting Democratic governors and members of Congress. Distinguished party leaders, consisting of current and former presidents, vice presidents, congressional leaders, in the 2002 election cycle, the DNC and its affiliated committees raised a total of US $162,062,084, 42% of which was hard money. The largest contributor, with US $7,297,937 was the Saban Capital Group, fred Eychaner, the owner of Newsweb Corporation, gave the second highest amount of money to the DNC and its affiliates, US $5,175,000. The third largest contributor was Steve Bing of Shangri-La Entertainment, who gave US $4,758,000, in the 2006 election cycle, the DNC raised a total of US $37,939,887. The three largest contributors were investment bank Goldman Sachs, university of California and Pond North LLP. The DNC introduced a fund raising campaign, the Democracy Bonds program. There were only 31,000 Democracy Bond donors by May 2006, the program no longer is in place. In the 2016 election cycle, the DNC raised a total of US $75,945,536 as of July 21,2016, the three largest contributors were hedge fund Renaissance Technologies, Newsweb Corp and Total Wine. In July 2015, during the 2016 election cycle, the DNC, led by Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, Chair, Tom Perez, former U. S. Secretary of Labor under Barack Obama Deputy Chair, Keith Ellison, U. S. S
12.
United States House of Representatives
–
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
13.
Zell Miller
–
Zell Bryan Miller is an American politician from the U. S. state of Georgia. A Democrat, Miller served as lieutenant governor from 1975 to 1991, 79th Governor of Georgia from 1991 to 1999 and he crossed the party line and backed Republican President George W. Bush over Democratic nominee John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. Miller has the distinction of having been a keynote speaker at both major US parties national conventions—Democratic in 1992 and Republican in 2004. Miller did not seek re-election as senator in 2004, after leaving the Senate, he joined the law firm McKenna Long & Aldridge as a non-lawyer professional in the firms national government affairs practice. Miller was also a Fox News Channel contributor, Miller was born in the small mountain town of Young Harris, Georgia. His father, Stephen Grady Miller, died when Miller was an infant, as a child, Miller lived both in Young Harris and Atlanta. Today, Miller lives in the old Young Harris home, Miller spent his first two years of college at Young Harris College in his home town. He holds bachelors and masters degrees in history from the University of Georgia, less than a month after the Korean War armistice, Miller wound up in a drunk tank in North Georgia Mountains. Miller stated later that this incident was the lowest point of his life, upon his release, Miller enlisted in the Marines. During his three years in the United States Marine Corps, Miller attained the rank of sergeant, in addition to serving as an elected official, Miller taught at Young Harris College, University of Georgia, and Emory University. Millers parents were involved in local politics in the North Georgia mountains. Miller, a Democrat, was mayor of Young Harris from 1959 to 1960, in 1964 and 1966, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the United States House of Representatives. He endorsed segregation in both races and he later served in state government and in the Georgia Democratic Party. Millers first experience in the branch of government was as Chief of Staff for Georgia governor Lester Maddox. In 1980, Miller unsuccessfully challenged Herman Talmadge in the Democratic primary for his seat in the United States Senate, Miller was elected governor of Georgia in 1990, defeating Republican Johnny Isakson after defeating Atlanta Mayor Andrew Young and future Governor Roy Barnes in the primary. Miller campaigned on the concept of limits and pledged to seek only a single term as governor. He later ran for and won reelection, James Carville was Millers campaign manager. In 1991, Miller endorsed Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas for President of the United States, Miller gave the keynote speech at the 1992 Democratic National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City
14.
Sanford Bishop
–
Sanford Dixon Bishop, Jr. is the U. S. Representative for Georgias 2nd congressional district, serving since 1993 and he is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is located in the part of the state and includes Albany, Thomasville and most of Columbus. Bishop was born in Mobile, Alabama to Minnie B, slade and Sanford Dixon Bishop, who was the first president of Bishop State Community College. He was educated at Morehouse College and Emory University School of Law, while at Morehouse, he was a classmate of Herman Cain. After receiving his discharge, Bishop operated a law firm in Columbus. He has received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America and he is a member of BSAs Order of the Arrow and as a youth was on the OA ceremonies team. He is a resident of Albany, Georgia, where he is a member of the Mount Zion Baptist Church, Bishop is a Life Member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity initiated at Morehouse Colleges Pi chapter. Bishop is a Shriner and 33° Mason, in October 2013, Bishop announced he was diagnosed as having lymph node cancer after discovering a lump in near the base of his neck. By January 2014, Bishop said that he was cancer free and he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1977, where he remained until being elected to the Georgia Senate in 1990. 1992 After only one term in the senate, he ran for the 2nd District in 1992. Congressman Charles Hatcher, a white moderate Democrat, the 2nd had been reconfigured as a black-majority district during congressional apportionment following the 1990 Census. Bishop finished second behind Hatcher in a crowded six-way primary, Hatcher failed to reach the 50% threshold, and was forced into a runoff election. During the campaign Bishop attacked Hatcher for bouncing 819 checks in the House banking scandal, in the general election, he defeated Republican Jim Dudley 64%-36%. 1994 In the Democratic primary, he defeated James Bush 67%-33%, in the general election, he won re-election to a second term with 66%. 1996 In 1995, a 5-4 majority of the Supreme Court ruled that the redistricting of Georgia had violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the 2nd district was thus redrawn. The newly redrawn district was 60% white, nonetheless he won re-election to a third term with 54% of the vote. 1998 Bishop won re-election to a fourth term against Republican Joseph F. McCormick with 57% of the vote, during the campaign, Bishop received twice the campaign financing that his opponent raised
15.
Georgia's 2nd congressional district
–
Georgias 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Georgia. The first election using the new boundaries were the 2012 congressional elections. One of the largest districts by size, it comprises much of the portion of the state of Georgia. Much of the district is rural, although the district has a number of cities and medium-sized towns, such as Albany, Americus, Bainbridge. The district is also the historic and current home of President Jimmy Carter, the district is one of the most consistently Democratic in the country, as Democrats have held the seat since 1875. As of May 2015, there are two members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Georgias 2nd congressional district who are currently living at this time. Georgias congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present PDF map of Georgias 2nd district at nationalatlas. gov Georgias 2nd district at GovTrack. us
16.
Hank Johnson
–
Hank Johnson Jr. is the U. S. Representative for Georgias 4th congressional district, serving since 2007 and he is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is based in DeKalb County, a suburban county east of Atlanta. He is one of only three Buddhists, the other being Representative Colleen Hanabusa and Hawaii Senator Mazie Hirono, to serve in the United States Congress, Johnson grew up in Washington, D. C. His father worked for the Bureau of Prisons and was the director of classifications, up to that time, he was the highest ranking African-American in the bureau. Johnson was elected to the DeKalb County Commission in 2000 and served two terms, prior to his service on the Commission, he worked as an Associate Magistrate Judge for ten years. On November 18,2008, Johnson was elected Regional Whip for the Eighth Region by the Democratic Caucus and it is time for President Bush to face the music and respond to the urgent demands of a frustrated country. On February 8,2007, Johnson introduced his first bill, there is no military solution for the civil war in Iraq, said Johnson, It is time for Iraqi troops, who have been trained, to assume responsibility for patrolling their own streets. Clearly, deploying our troops this way has only escalated the number of U. S. casualties, according to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Johnsons resolution was interesting in that it goes beyond broad directives and proposes something very specific. On March 23,2007, Johnson voted to pass H. R.1591, troop Readiness, Veterans Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act,2007. The measure also increased the amount of any required installment of estimated tax otherwise due in 2012 from a corporation with assets of $1 billion or more, Johnson attracted attention by blogging about his decision to vote for the bill. Hank Johnson has been a critic of Israel’s occupation policies, and has not altered his stance despite criticism, on July 25,2016, in a speech before the U. S. he was also reported as saying Palestinian homes were stolen or destroyed. He added that ’there is a steady almost like termites’ and that ‘settlement activity has marched forwards with impunity’ detaching the prospect of Palestinians having their homeland from reality. The remark was picked up by Adam Kredo for The Washington Free Beacon, rabbi David Wolpe called it an anti-Semitic smear and questioned Johnsons apology, writing, I am sorry I said something stupid and anti-Semitic”—that would have been a fitting apology. Johnson apologized on Twitter for his choice of words. In a statement his office made to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution he clarified that his termite metaphor referred to the process of settlement policies, not the people. ”J Street responded to Johnsons clarification by stating there should be no place for slurs. Media coverage, they added, ought focus on opposition to settlement growth rather than on the misrepresentations by a media outlet. Representative Johnson has supported legislation aimed at strengthening the U. S. civil justice system, in March 2016, Rep. Johnson and Representative John Conyers introduced legislation to protect consumers access to civil courts, titled the Restoring Statutory Rights Act
17.
Georgia's 4th congressional district
–
Georgias 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by Democrat Hank Johnson, though the districts boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census. The first election using the new boundaries were the 2012 congressional elections. The newly drawn district retains its majority African American status and includes the cities of Conyers, Covington, Decatur, Lilburn, Lithonia, and portions of Atlanta. DeKalb Gwinnett Newton Rockdale As of May 2015, there are five members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Georgias 4th congressional district who are currently living at this time. Georgias congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Georgia United States House elections,2006 Martis, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present PDF map of Georgias 4th district at nationalatlas. gov Georgias 4th district at GovTrack. us
18.
John Lewis (civil rights leader)
–
John Robert Lewis is an American politician and civil rights leader. Representative for Georgias 5th congressional district, serving since 1987, and is the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation and his district includes three quarters of Atlanta. John Lewis was born in Troy, Alabama, the son of Willie Mae. Lewis grew up in Pike County, Alabama and he has several siblings, including brothers Edward, Grant, Freddie, Sammy, Adolph, and William, and sisters Ethel, Rosa, and Ora. Lewis had seen only two people in his life until age six. While a student, he was invited to attend nonviolence workshops held in the basement of Clark Memorial United Methodist Church by the Rev. James Lawson and Rev. Kelly Miller Smith. There he and many of his students became dedicated adherents to the discipline and philosophy of nonviolence. The Nashville sit-in movement was responsible for the desegregation of lunch counters in downtown Nashville, Lewis was arrested and jailed many times in the nonviolent movement to desegregate the downtown area of the city. In an interview, John Lewis said, I saw racial discrimination as a young child, I saw those signs that said White Men, Colored Men, White Women, Colored Women. Lewis listened to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks on the radio, Lewis met Parks in 1957 when he was 17, and he met King the following year. John Lewis was the youngest of the Big Six civil rights leaders as chairman of SNCC from 1963 to 1966, during his tenure, SNCC opened Freedom Schools, launched the Mississippi Freedom Summer, and organized some of the voter registration efforts during the 1965 Selma voting rights campaign. As the chairman of SNCC, Lewis had written a speech in reaction to the Civil Rights Bill of 1963 and he denounced the bill because it didnt protect African Americans against police brutality or provide African Americans with the right to vote. Lewis graduated from the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville and then received a degree in Religion. As a student, he was dedicated to the Civil Rights Movement. He organized sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Nashville and took part in other civil rights activities as part of the Nashville Student Movement. He was instrumental in organizing student sit-ins, bus boycotts and nonviolent protests in the fight for voter, in 1960, Lewis became one of the 13 original Freedom Riders. There were seven whites and six blacks who were determined to ride from Washington, at that time, several states of the old Confederacy still enforced laws prohibiting black and white riders from sitting next to each other on public transportation. Virginia that declared segregated interstate bus travel to be unconstitutional, in the South, Lewis and other nonviolent Freedom Riders were beaten by angry mobs, arrested at times and taken to jail
19.
Georgia's 5th congressional district
–
Georgias 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by Democrat John Lewis, though the districts boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census. The first election using the new boundaries were the 2012 congressional elections. Based in central Fulton and parts of DeKalb and Clayton counties, the majority African American district includes almost three-fourths of Atlanta and it also includes some of the surrounding suburbs, including East Point, Druid Hills, and Forest Park. Georgias congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present PDF map of Georgias 5th district at nationalatlas. gov Georgias 5th district at GovTrack. us
20.
David Scott (Georgia politician)
–
David Albert Scott is the U. S. Representative for Georgias 13th congressional district, serving since 2003, the district includes the southern fourth of Atlanta, as well as several of its suburbs to the south and west. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Scott was born in Aynor, South Carolina and attended high school in Daytona Beach, Florida. He received a degree in finance from Florida A&M University. Scott is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, Scott served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1974 to 1982 and in the Georgia State Senate from 1982 to 2002. In 2006, he cosponsored H. R.4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act and voted for H. R.4411, in 2008, he opposed H. R.5767, the Payment Systems Protection Act. David Scott voted for healthcare reform, in the discussion leading up to his vote, Congressman Scott fielded several different points of view. On August 6,2009, Scott was confronted by a doctor who claimed to live in Scotts district. Scott questioned whether or not the doctor was a resident of Scotts district, although the local TV station WXIA-TVs news department confirmed that the doctor did live and work in Scotts district. Scott also noted that Dr. Hill had not called Scotts office for setting up a meeting concerning health care, although Scott voted against the first version of the 2008 bailout, he backed the final version after being assured the legislation would aid homeowners facing foreclosures. Scott crafted an added provision dedicating $14 billion to aid those homeowners, Scott supported two failed of legislation in 2004 and 2006 that aimed to establish a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. However, in May 2013 thinkprogress. org reported receiving an email from a spokesman of Scott saying, hRCs profile of Scott also contains this sentence as his statement under position on marriage equality. ” David Scott is brother-in-law to baseball hall of fame member Hank Aaron, in 1978 David Scott founded owned Dayn-Mark Advertising, which places billboards and other forms of advertising in the Atlanta area. Scotts wife, Alfredia, now heads the business, in May 2007, it was reported that the business owes more than $150,000 in back taxes and penalties. Scotts campaigns have paid the more than $500,000 over the eight years totalling from 2002 until current date - for office rent, printing, T-shirts. He has also paid his wife, two daughters, and son-in-law tens of thousands of dollars for campaign work such as raising and canvassing. In 2007, Scott was named one of the 25 most corrupt members of Congress by the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility. Scott has allegedly received threats over his support of the Affordable Care Act
21.
Bill Clinton
–
William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
22.
George H. W. Bush
–
George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and he is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Prior to his sons presidency, he was referred to as George Bush or President Bush. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U. S. Navy on his 18th birthday and he served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, serving as a member of the House of Representatives and Director of Central Intelligence, among other positions. He failed to win the Republican nomination for President in 1980, but was chosen as a mate by party nominee Ronald Reagan. During his tenure, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation, in 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency, military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf, the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress and his presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active—often alongside Bill Clinton—in various humanitarian activities. Besides being the 43rd president, his son George also served as the 46th Governor of Texas and is one of only two other being John Quincy Adams—to be the son of a former president. His second son, Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida, George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12,1924, to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Bush. The Bush family moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut, shortly after his birth, growing up, his nickname was Poppy. Bush began his education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Bush decided to join the US, Navy, so after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1942, he became a naval aviator at the age of 18. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron as the officer in September 1943. The following year, his squadron was based on USS San Jacinto as a member of Air Group 51, during this time, the task force was victorious in one of the largest air battles of World War II, the Battle of the Philippine Sea. After Bushs promotion to Lieutenant on August 1,1944, San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands, Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichijima
23.
Pam Stephenson
–
Pamela S. Stephenson is an American academic and politician from Georgia. A Democrat, she is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives representing the states 90th district which includes parts of DeKalb, the 90th district is 86% African American according to figures from the 2000 census. Stephenson was elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 2002 and she had been the executive director of the State Health Planning agency and had served on the State Medical Education Board. She is chairman of the board of Trustees at Grady Hospital
24.
Tom Perez
–
Thomas Edward Tom Perez is an American Democratic Party politician, consumer advocate, civil rights lawyer, and Chair of the Democratic National Committee since 2017. Perez was the United States Secretary of Labor from 2013 to 2017, prior to that he served as the Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice. Born in Buffalo, New York, Perez is a graduate of Brown University, Harvard Law School and he worked as a law clerk for the U. S. Perez was then elected to the Montgomery County Council in 2002, serving as the president from 2005. He attempted to run for the Democratic nomination for Attorney General of Maryland, in March 2013, Perez was nominated by President Barack Obama to be the United States Secretary of Labor, replacing outgoing Secretary Hilda Solis. He was confirmed by the Senate on July 18 and sworn in on July 23,2013, Perez announced his candidacy for Chair of the Democratic National Committee in the 2017 election on December 15,2016. On February 25,2017, Perez was elected Chairman on a second ballot, minutes after being elected, Perez named Keith Ellison as deputy chair. Thomas Edward Tom Perez was born and raised in Buffalo, New York, to parents Grace and Rafael Antonio de Jesús Pérez Lara, who were both first-generation Dominican immigrants. His mother, Grace, came to the United States in 1930 after her father, Brache was initially an ally of Rafael Trujillo, but after a falling out, he was declared an enemy of the state, forcing him and his family to remain in the United States. Perez is the youngest of five brothers and sisters, all of whom and his father died of a heart attack when Perez was 12 years old. Perez graduated from Canisius High School, an all-male Roman Catholic Jesuit private school in Buffalo, Perez received his Bachelor of Arts in international relations and political science from Brown University in 1983. He joined the Sigma Chi Fraternity there and he covered the cost of attending Brown with scholarships and Pell Grants and by working as a trash collector and in a warehouse. He also worked in Browns dining hall and for the Rhode Island Commission for Human Rights, in 1987, Perez received a Juris Doctor cum laude from Harvard Law School and a Master of Public Policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government. In 1986, while a student at Harvard, Perez worked as a law clerk for Attorney General Edwin Meese, after graduating from Harvard, Perez worked as a law clerk for Judge Zita Weinshienk of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado from 1987 to 1989. From 1989 to 1995, he worked as a prosecutor in the Department of Justices Civil Rights Division. He later served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights under Attorney General Janet Reno, among other responsibilities, Perez chaired the interagency Worker Exploitation Task Force, which oversaw a variety of initiatives designed to protect vulnerable workers. From 1995 until 1998, Perez worked as Democratic Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedys principal adviser on civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional issues. For the final two years of the Clinton administration, he worked as the Director of the Office for Civil Rights at the United States Department of Health and Human Services
25.
Kasim Reed
–
Mohammed Kasim Reed is an American attorney and politician who is the 59th and current mayor of Atlanta, Georgias state capital and largest city. A Democrat, Reed was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1998 to 2002 and he served as campaign manager for Shirley Franklins successful Atlanta mayoral campaign in 2001. After Franklin was term limited from the office, Reed successfully ran for the position in 2009. Inaugurated on January 4,2010, Reed was elected to a term in 2013. Reed was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, but his family moved to Fulton County, Georgia and he was born and raised in a United Methodist household. Reed graduated from Fulton Countys Utoy Springs Elementary School and Westwood High School, according to a DNA analysis, he is a descendant through African ancestral lines from the Igbo people of Nigeria. Reed attended Howard University in Washington, D. C. graduating in 1991 with a degree in political science. W, Reed disagreed with their action, saying there was nothing wrong with having the Republican Party try to win the votes of black students. He felt it would have been better if Atwater had met with the protesting students, for instance, might have gained insight into a generation of students portrayed as destitute and in need of more federal support. Reed noted that 85 percent of Howards 12,000 students receive federal aid, an early entrepreneur, by 1989 Reed made $40,000 running a jewelry business which he started at age sixteen. In 1990 he was invited to comment on the Persian Gulf War military buildup on the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, also, in November of that year he was featured in Black Enterprise. While at college, Reed interned for Congressman Joseph Patrick Kennedy II, during his internship he learned about a federal dollar-for-dollar matching grant program. The fees were expected to total nearly $300,000 per semester, the estimate was conservative in the sense that it only assumes the fees from slightly more than 75% of the 12,000 students. The four-year totals would approach a $2.4 million addition to the endowment, Reed earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1991. He earned his juris doctorate from Howard University School of Law in 1995, in 2002 Reed was appointed as the youngest General Trustee to serve on Howards Board of Trustees and continues to serve on that board. In 1998 Henrietta Canty, resigned her Georgia House of Representatives 52nd district seat to run for Georgia State Insurance Commissioner, seven candidates vied for her seat in the July 21,1998 Democratic primary election. Reed was the leading vote-getter with 36. 6% of the vote, finishing ahead of community leaders Horace Mann Bond and Eric V. Thomas. This resulted in a head-to-head August 11 run-off election, which Reed won with 60. 6% of the vote, against the second-place finisher, Horace Mann Bond II, Reed ran unopposed in the November 3 general election and won the Assembly seat. 0% of the vote. He won by a 12. 7% margin, in the November 7,2000 general election, he ran unopposed
26.
Robert Milligan McLane
–
Robert McLane was also the name of the Mayor of Baltimore from 1903-1904. Robert Milligan McLane was an American politician, military officer, McLane was born in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1815, the son of Louis McLane and Catherine Mary Milligan. His birthplace, the Louis McLane House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and he received early education from a private school conducted by John Bullock, a Quaker. He received higher education from St. Mary’s College in Baltimore, Maryland until he moved with his family to Europe and he was sent to Paris to receive further education from Collège Bourbon, where he became acquainted with the Marquis de Lafayette. McLane and his moved back to the United States in 1833 when his father was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. McLane was deployed with his regiment to Florida during the Seminole War in 1837 under the command of General Thomas S. Jesup, in 1838, he was transferred to the Corps of Topographical Engineers under General Zachary Taylor. In 1841, he was sent to the Northern Lakes for survey work and was sent to Europe to examine the dikes and drainage systems in the Netherlands. While in Europe, he met his wife, Georgine Urquhart. McLane resigned his commission in 1843 to pursue the study of law and he commenced practice in Baltimore thereafter. In 1845, McLane was elected as a representative of Baltimore City to the Maryland House of Delegates after successfully campaigning for President James K. Polk a year previous. In 1846, McLane ran for Congress and defeated his Whig opponent, John P. Kennedy and he was re-elected two years later, and served from March 4,1847, to March 3,1851. In Congress, McLane was seen as an orator, and. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1850, after his tenure in Congress, McLane moved to the Western United States to become a counsel for a mining corporation, which was engaged in legal activities regarding property in California. He remained out West until 1852, when he returned to Maryland to serve as Presidential elector for Franklin Pierce and he successfully renewed trade relations between both nations, but returned to the United States in 1854 due to poor health. The United States and Mexico had broken off relations in 1858. He also negotiated, as ambassador, the McLane-Ocampo Treaty, which would have expanded the rights of the U. S. across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to include an interoceanic canal concession. However, the treaty was not ratified by the United States Senate, McLane retired as Ambassador to Mexico on December 22,1860. During the American Civil War, the Federal Government, under President Abraham Lincoln, McLane was a member of the delegation sent to Washington, D. C. to question the actions of the Federal Government
27.
David Allen Smalley
–
David Allen Smalley was a United States federal judge. Smalley was born in Middlebury, Vermont on April 6,1809 and he graduated from the academy in St. Albans, read law with his uncle, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced in Jericho, Vermont, where he was postmaster from 1831 to 1836. He subsequently relocated, first to Lowell, Vermont, and then to Burlington and he was a member of the Vermont State Senate from 1843 to 1844. He practiced law in Burlington with different partners at different times, one partner was Edward J. Phelps, and the firm of Smalley & Phelps included George F. Edmunds among those who studied law in their offices. President Franklin Pierce appointed him Collector of Customs for the District of Vermont in 1853, again a delegate at the 1856 Democratic National Convention held in Cincinnati, Ohio, he was reappointed to the National Committee, and he served Chairman from 1856 to 1860. On February 2,1857, Smalley was nominated by President Franklin Pierce to the seat on the United States District Court for the District of Vermont vacated by the death of Samuel Prentiss. Smalley was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 3,1857, as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee it was Smalleys task to open the ill-fated 1860 Democratic National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina. He continued to serve as District Judge until his death in Burlington on March 10,1877 and he was buried in Burlingtons Greenmount Cemetery. Smalley received a master of arts degree from the University of Vermont in 1846. In 1833 Smalley married Laura Barlow, the daughter of Bradley Barlow and they had five children, three of whom lived to adulthood, Henry Adams, Bradley Barlow, and Eugene Allen. Henry A. Smalley attended Norwich University and the University of Vermont and he was a graduate of the United States Military Academy and attained the rank of brevet Brigadier General during the American Civil War. He later worked as an engineer for New York City, and was responsible for the construction of the New Croton Aqueduct and he served on the staff of Governor Frederick Holbrook with the rank of Colonel during the Civil War. Smalley was later appointed Clerk of the U. S. District Court and he also served on the Burlington City Council and was a member of the Democratic National Committee. Eugene A. Smalley attended the University of Vermont and Union College and he enlisted for the Civil War as a Private in the 19th Ohio Infantry. He was subsequently commissioned as a First Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps, after his 1866 discharge he was a farmer in Colchester, Vermont, and also worked as Vermonts Deputy Customs Collector and Deputy U. S. Marshal. David Allen Smalley at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center, david A. Smalley at The Political Graveyard
28.
August Belmont
–
He is the namesake of the Belmont Stakes, third jewel of the Triple Crown series of American thoroughbred horse racing. After his mothers death, when he was age seven, he lived with his uncle and he attended The Philanthropin, a Jewish school, until he began his first job as an apprentice to the Rothschild banking firm in Frankfurt am Main. The young August would sweep floors, polish furniture and run errands while studying English, arithmetic and he was promoted to confidential clerk in 1832 and later traveled to Naples, Paris and Rome. At age 24, in 1837, Schönberg/Belmont set sail for the Spanish colony of Cuba and its city of Havana. On his way to Havana, Schönberg/Belmont stopped in New York City on a layover, Belmont remained in New York to supervise the jeopardized Rothschild financial interests in America, whose New York agent had filed for bankruptcy, instead of continuing on to Havana. After he emigrated permanently to the United States, he changed his surname, Schönberg, to Belmont in an attempt to avoid anti-Semitism. In the financial/economic recession and Panic of 1837, hundreds of American businesses, including the Rothschild familys American agent in New York City, collapsed. As a result, Belmont postponed his departure for Havana indefinitely and began a new firm, August Belmont & Company, believing that he could supplant the recently bankrupt firm, the American Agency. August Belmont & Company was an instant success, and Belmont restored health to the Rothschilds U. S. interests over the five years. The company dealt with exchange transactions, commercial and private loans, as well as corporate, railroad. Belmont owned a mansion in what is presently North Babylon, New York and it is now owned by New York State and is known as Belmont Lake State Park. In 1844, Belmont was named the Consul-General of the Austrian Empire at New York City, representing the Imperial Governments affairs in the major American financial and his interest in American domestic politics continued to grow. Belmont married Caroline Slidell Perry on November 7,1849 and she was the daughter of naval officer Matthew Calbraith Perry, captain and commodore in the U. S. Navy, later famous for his expedition to open the trading ports of Japan in 1853. According to Jewish newspaper sources, he converted to Christianity at that time, Belmonts sons were Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, Perry Belmont, and August Belmont, Jr. All of his sons involved in politics. Perry became the head of the committee on foreign affairs in Congress and he also had two daughters, Jennie and Fredericka Belmont. John Slidell, uncle of Belmonts wife, was a U. S, senator from Louisiana and later Southern secessionist who served the Confederate States government as a foreign diplomat and potential minister to Great Britain and French Emperor Napoleon III. He was controversially removed in late 1861 from the British trans-Atlantic steam packet ship Trent, off-shore from Havana, in June 1851, Belmont wrote letters to the New York Herald and the New York National-Democrat, insisting that they do justice to Buchanans run for the presidential nomination
29.
Augustus Schell
–
Augustus Schell was a New York politician and lawyer. He was Chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1872 to 1876, Schell was born on August 1,1812 in Rhinebeck, New York and was educated at Rhinebeck Academy and Wesleyan Seminary. He was graduated in 1830 from Union College with Phi Beta Kappa honors and membership in the Kappa Alpha Society and he was admitted to the bar and started a practice in New York City. He started out as an expert in the then new field of corporate law. A friend of Cornelius Vanderbilt, he expanded his railroad connections through investments as well as legal counsel. An active Democrat, he joined Tammany Hall where, after William M. Tweeds fall, he succeeded August Belmont and he was head of the Democratic state committee 1853-1856. During the administration of President James Buchanan he was collector of the Port of New York and he was chairman of the Democratic National Committee that supported John C. Breckinridge for the presidency in 1860 and also 1872-1876, after the trial of William M. Tweed and his associates, Schell labored for the purification and rehabilitation of the Tammany society, and in 1878 was its unsuccessful candidate for mayor. He was a director in many railroad and financial corporations, and was active in the management of philanthropic institutions, several of Schells brothers were well-known business men of New York City. He died on March 27,1884 from Brights disease and he was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx. Augustus Schell is the namesake of Schell City, Missouri, of which he was one of the original proprietors, bio from PictureHistory Wilson, James Grant, Fiske, John, eds. Memoir of the Hon. Augustus Schell
30.
Abram Hewitt
–
Abram Stevens Hewitt was a teacher, lawyer, an iron manufacturer, chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1876 to 1877, U. S. Congressman, and a mayor of New York City. He was the son-in-law of Peter Cooper, an industrialist, inventor, Hewitt was born in Haverstraw, New York. Hewitt worked his way through and graduated from Columbia College in 1842 and he taught mathematics at the school, and became a lawyer several years later. From 1843 to 1844, Hewitt traveled to Europe with his student, Edward Cooper, the son of industrialist entrepreneur Peter Cooper, during their return voyage, the pair were shipwrecked together. After this, Hewitt became virtually a member of the Cooper family, Hewitt also invested in other companies, in many case serving on their boards. Hewitt was known for dedicated work for the U. S. government, after his marriage to Sarah Cooper, Hewitt supervised the construction of Cooper Union, Peter Coopers free educational institution, and chaired the board of trustees until 1903. He first ventured into politics in 1874, when he won a seat in the U. S. House of Representatives. He also became the head of the Democratic National Committee in 1876 and he served in the U. S. House again from March 4,1881 to December 30,1886. Hewitts most famous speech was made at the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge between Manhattan Island and Brooklyn in 1883, Tammany feared that a win by George might reorganize politics in the city along class lines, rather than along ethnic lines, which is where Tammany drew its power. Theodore Roosevelt, running as the Republican Party candidate, came in third, Hewitt also refused to allow Tammany the control of patronage they wanted, and Croker saw to it that Hewittt was not nominated for a second term. Hewitt was considered a consistent defender of sound money practices and civil service reform, Hewitt had many investments in natural resources, including considerable holdings in West Virginia, where William Nelson Page was one of his managers. He was also an associate of Henry Huttleston Rogers, a financier and industrialist who was a key man in the Standard Oil Trust, one of Hewitts investments handled by Rogers and Page was the Loup Creek Estate in Fayette County, West Virginia. After rate disputes, the short line railroad was eventually expanded to extend all the way into Virginia. Planned secretly right under the noses of the railroads, it was renamed the Virginian Railway. As a philanthropist, Hewitt was especially interested in education, Columbia University gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1887, and he was the president of its alumni association in 1883, and a trustee from 1901 until his death. In 1876 he was elected president of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and he was also a trustee of Barnard College and of the American Museum of Natural History. Abram Hewitt died at his New York City home on January 18,1903 and his last words, after he took his oxygen tube from his mouth, were And now, I am officially dead. His son, Peter Cooper Hewitt, was an inventor, while another son, Edward Ringwood Hewitt, was also an inventor, a chemist
31.
William Henry Barnum
–
William Henry Barnum was an American politician, serving as a state representative, U. S. Representative, U. S. Senator, and finally as chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was also known as Seven Mule Barnum, though born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, Barnum moved to Lime Rock, Connecticut and served in the state house of representatives from 1851 to 1852. He was chairman of the DNC from 1877 to 1889 and he died in Lime Rock on April 30,1889 and is buried in Lime Rock Cemetery. Barnum Richardson Company was also the preeminent manufacturer of car wheels at a time when the railroad industry held a place in the economy analogous to the computer industry today. In 1872 he partnered with Collis P. Huntington to finance Ensign Manufacturing Company, among Ensigns products were the largest wooden hopper cars built for Central Pacific Railroad as well as a large number of high-capacity wood boxcars for Southern Pacific Railroad. Ensign was one of the 13 companies that merged in 1899 to form American Car, william H. Barnum was a founder of the Barnum & Richardson Company of Lime Rock, Connecticut, and Chicago, Illinois. The corporation grew to profitability and industrial volume, and became one of the foremost metal products manufacturers in the world. Richardson, who also was a leader in the development and management of New England railroads, served as President of the Barnum & Richardson Company of Lime Rock, Connecticut, william H. Barnum was also a pioneer in religious tolerance. Although an Episcopalian he did not discriminate against Roman Catholics as so many in that area of New England did at the time. Importantly, when the local community responded to the raising of a crucifix by the local Catholic priest by demanding that Barnum fire all his Catholic workmen. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
32.
Calvin S. Brice
–
Calvin Stewart Brice was a Democratic politician from Ohio. Born at Denmark in Morrow County, he dropped out of Miami University in 1861 to join the Union Army, after a short stint in the Army, he returned to Miami University and earned his undergraduate degree from there in 1863. After the Civil War, Brice studied law at the University of Michigan and then started a career where he amassed a fortune. In 1879, he became president of the Lake Erie and Western Railroad, a Democrat, Brice was the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1889 until 1892 and won election to the Senate in 1890, serving a single term in office. Calvin Brice was born on September 17,1845, in the town of Denmark, Ohio, to Elizabeth Stewart and William Kirkpatrick Brice. Originally home-schooled, he entered the Columbus Grove public school system in Putnam County. Showing some promise as a student, Brice began preparations for higher education, after graduating in 1863 with high honors, he would become a devoted alumnus later in life. His efforts in 1885 and 1888 to provide funding for the University were largely responsible for its survival, Brices first attempt to join the army in 1861 met with little success, after being turned down because of his young age. In the summer of 1862, however, Brice enlisted and served three months in the 86th Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, seeing action in West Virginia. Brice rose rapidly through the ranks of the Union Army and, by the end of the war, with no desire for an army career, according to historian Thomas Mach, Brice ended his military career soon after to pursue a career in law. He earned his law degree from the University of Michigan Law School in 1865, Brice found his break into both the business and political worlds under unusual circumstances. Foster declined the help, but offered instead to pay Brice five hundred dollars to negotiate a business deal with Wall Street on his behalf. Brice accepted, and proved a shrewd businessman, Foster would later name Brice the most remarkable man ever met the most successful borrower ever saw. Foster became impressed with Brices plan to save a foundering rail project running from Toledo to Ohios coal fields after traveling to Europe to secure funding, with Fosters support, Brice managed to guide the railroad through the Panic of 1873 and expand it into Lima and other areas. Brice eventually rose to President of the company in 1887, which by then had become known as the Lake Erie, perhaps his most marked achievement came with his role in the construction of the Nickel Plate Road in 1882, which ran from New York to St. Louis. He later sold this road for a profit to William Henry Vanderbilt. Later in life, Brice became involved with projects in China. He was a member of the American Asiatic Association, an organization responsible for pursuing American trade interests in China under the Open Door Policy
33.
James Kimbrough Jones
–
James Kimbrough Jones was a United States Senator. Born in Marshall County, Mississippi, Jones moved with his father to Dallas County and he pursued classical studies under a private tutor, he would later study law and was, in 1874, admitted to the bar, practicing in Washington, Arkansas. During the American Civil War, Jones served in the Confederate Army, from 1873 to 1879, he was a member of the Arkansas State Senate, and was president of that body from 1877 to 1879. In 1896 and 1900, he was the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Jones was reelected in 1891 and 1897 and served from March 4,1885, to March 3,1903, unsuccessfully seeking reelection in 1902. C. Where he died, he was buried in Rock Creek Cemetery, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
34.
Thomas Taggart
–
Thomas Taggart was a U. S. political figure, serving as mayor of Indianapolis and influential in state and national politics. Born in County Monaghan, Ireland, Taggart immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1861, the family settled in Xenia, Ohio, where young Taggart got a job working the lunch counter at the railroad depot. At age 18, he was sent by his employer to manage the restaurant and hotel in Garrett, Indiana. Taggart moved to Indianapolis in 1877 to run the restaurant at Union Depot, Taggart became active in local politics in Indianapolis. He served as auditor of Marion County from 1886 to 1894, in 1895 he was elected mayor of Indianapolis, and served until 1901. He founded the citys park system during his tenure and he was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1904 until 1908. In the 1924 gubernatorial campaign Taggart urged front-runner Carleton B, mcCulloch to take an anti-Ku Klux Klan position. McCullochs anti Klan position contributed to his losing the election to Klan member Edward L. Jackson who enjoyed strong Klan support, Taggart remained active in national and state politics until his death in Indianapolis in 1929. He is remembered as the mayor who began the Indianapolis parks system, Taggart was famous for his ownership, with Terre Haute industrialist Crawford Fairbanks, of the French Lick Springs Hotel in Orange County, Indiana. They developed it into a popular resort based on its mineral springs, Taggart was reputed to have an interest in the illegal gambling operations that also contributed to the resorts popularity. Taggart was buried in Indianapolis in Crown Hill Cemetery, james Philip Fadley, Thomas Taggart, Public Servant, Political Boss, Indianapolis, Indiana State Historical Society,1997. He Almost Changed the World, The Life and Times of Thomas Riley Marshall, Authorhouse, Bloomington, Indiana, January,2007, ISBN 978-1-4259-6562-4 Thomas Taggart at Find a Grave
35.
Norman E. Mack
–
Norman Edward Mack was editor and publisher of the Buffalo Daily Times. He was also Chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1908 to 1912 and he was born July 24,1856, in West Williams, Ontario, Canada. He was editor and publisher of the Buffalo Daily Times and he was Chairman of the New York State Commission for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915. He sold his paper in 1929 to Scripps-Howard for $6,000,000 and he retired in 1931 and died on December 26,1932 in Buffalo, New York
36.
William F. McCombs
–
William Frank McCombs was a lawyer who served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1912 through 1916. McCombs was born on December 26,1876 in Hamburg, Arkansas and he graduated from Princeton University in 1898 and obtained an LL. B. from Harvard Law School in 1901. He was associated with the law firm of McCombs & Ryan in New York City, McCombs helped Woodrow Wilson become the Governor of New Jersey and then managed Wilsons successful campaign for the 1912 Democratic presidential nomination. Once nominated, Wilson made him chairman of the DNC and essentially his campaign manager, later, McCombs came to oppose Wilsons style and use of power. In November 1916, he ran for U. S, senator from New York but was defeated by Republican William M. Calder. In poor health, McCombs died in Greenwich, Connecticut on February 22,1921, leaving behind an incomplete memoir and he was buried at Roselawn Cemetery in Little Rock, Arkansas
37.
Vance C. McCormick
–
Vance Criswell McCormick was an American politician and prominent businessman from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He served as mayor of Harrisburg from 1902 to 1905 and as United States Democratic National Committee chairman from 1916 to 1919 and he was appointed chair of the American delegation at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, under President Woodrow Wilson. McCormick was born in 1872 to Henry McCormick and Annie Criswell and he attended Harrisburg Academy and Phillips Andover before completing a civil engineering course at Yale University. McCormick graduated from Yales Sheffield Scientific School in 1893, and was given an honorary MA degree by the university in 1907, while at Yale he was a member of St. Anthony Hall. A born athlete and leader, he became captain of the football and baseball teams his freshman year and was on the university football team his junior and senior years. Vance was named to Walter Camps All American Team as the first team quarterback and he served as president of Intercollegiate Football Association his senior year and garnered other university honors and awards, as well, including class deacon. He was also student body president of Yale in 1893, in 1902, McCormick began his career as journalist and publisher. He was president of The Patriot Company, publishers of several newspapers including The Patriot, The Evening News. He was also president of the Pinkey Mining Company, located in Harrisburg, in 1902, McCormick was elected mayor of Harrisburg and as part of the growing City Beautiful movement he immediately set about to improve the city. Today, he is credited with expanding the city system, built steps along the Susquehanna River, paved seventy miles of roads. During this time, the population of Harrisburg increased from 51,000 to 73,000, in 1912, he served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Pennsylvania. McCormick was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1914, Republican nominee Martin Brumbaugh, Superintendent of the School District of Philadelphia, defeated McCormick on the strength of a strong performance in Philadelphia and Allegheny counties. He also served as Wilsons 1916 campaign manager, as chair of the War Trade Board and as a member of local, state. McCormick remained a bachelor until the age of 52, when he married the widow of Martin Olmsted and they announced their engagement on December 29,1924. Vance died at his estate, June 16,1946, near Camp Hill. McCormick Family History at the Center of Pennsylvania Culture Studies at Penn State Harrisburg Vance C. McCormick at Find a Grave la, Vance C. McCormick
38.
Homer Stille Cummings
–
Homer Stille Cummings was a U. S. political figure who was United States Attorney General from 1933 to 1939. He also was elected mayor of Stamford, Connecticut, three times before, founding the firm of Cummings & Lockwood in 1909. He later served as chairman of Democratic National Committee between 1919 and 1920, practicing law in Stamford, he joined with Charles D. Lockwood in 1909 to form Cummings & Lockwood, remaining a partner in the firm until 1933. Just three years after entering private practice, Cummings supported William Jennings Bryans 1896 presidential bid, with Connecticut Democrats then nominating him for Secretary of State, as a Progressive whose oratorical skills made him a dramatic trial lawyer, Cummings seemed a natural for the political arena. In 1900,1901, and 1904, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, at the time of his first election, he began a quarter-century of service as a committeeman from Connecticut with the national Democratic party. As mayor, he helped construct and improve streets and sewers, reorganized the police and fire departments, nominated for congressman-at-large in 1902 and for U. S. Senator in 1910 and 1916, he lost all three races by narrow margins, despite evidence that included a confession and a. In 1931, the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement praised this act, during the bitterly divided 1924 Democratic National Convention, Cummings made an attempt to calm the delegates by formulating a compromise plank on the controversial issue of the Ku Klux Klan. Unlike most Northeasteners, however, he supported William G. McAdoo over Alfred E. Smith for the presidential nomination, Cummings was married four times, the first two ending in divorce. In 1897, he wed Helen W. Smith, a union that lasted 10 years, the couple had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. His 1909 marriage to Marguerite T. Owings also ended in divorce in 1928. The following year, Mary Cecilia Waterbury became his bride, a marriage lasted until her death in 1939, upon which he had a memoir, The Tired Sea. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in 1955, after nearly a decade out of the spotlight, Cummings reentered politics. Following the election, Roosevelt chose Cummings as governor-general of the Philippines, Roosevelt named Cummings to lead the Justice Department upon taking office on March 4,1933. Cummings accepted the post on a temporary, emergency basis, before and he served almost six years as attorney general, only William Wirt, Janet Reno, and Eric Holder had longer tenures in the position. Cummings transformed the Department of Justice by establishing rules of practice. In 1937, Cummings published We Can Prevent Crime, and, with Carl McFarlan, an assistant attorney general, Federal Justice, the Selected Papers of Homer Cummings, edited by Carl B. Cummings personally argued the right of the government to ban gold payments before the U. S. Supreme Court, however, during 1935–1936, the Court overthrew eight key statutes, including the National Industrial Recovery Act and the Agricultural Adjustment Act
39.
George White (Ohio politician)
–
George White was the 52nd Governor of Ohio. George White was born on August 21,1872 in Elmira and he was the son of Charles W. and Mary S. White. He attended Princeton College in Princeton, New Jersey, after mining in the Klondike, he settled in Marietta, Ohio to drill for oil. After serving in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1905 to 1908, White was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives in 1910, White lost a re-election bid in 1914, but won election again in 1916 – though he then lost again in 1918. White served as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1920 to 1921 and he then returned to politics again in 1930, serving two two-year terms as governor from 1931 to 1935. He was not renominated in 1934 due to actions against the working classes which included meeting a delegation of workers that wanted to talk to him about how to pay property taxes. In 1940, White ran again for the Democratic nomination for governor and he married Charlotte McKelvy of Titusville, Pennsylvania on September 25,1900, and had five children. He died at West Palm Beach, Florida, December 15,1953, election Results, Ohio Governor United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, george White at Find a Grave
40.
Cordell Hull
–
Cordell Hull was an American politician from the U. S. state of Tennessee. He is known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during most of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, Cordell Hull was born in a log cabin in Olympus, Tennessee, which is now part of Pickett County, Tennessee, but was then part of Overton County. He was the son of Elizabeth and William Pascal Hull and he became the elected chairman of the Clay County Democratic Party at the age of 19. In 1891, Hull graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University subsequent to his studies at National Normal University and was admitted to the bar and he served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897. During the Spanish–American War, he served in Cuba as a captain in the Fourth Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Hull served 11 terms in the United States House of Representatives and authored the federal income tax laws of 1913 and 1916 and the inheritance tax of 1916. After an electoral defeat in 1920, Hull served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee and he was returned to the House in 1922 and was then elected to the Senate in 1930, but resigned upon being named Secretary of State in 1933. Hull served for the senate and the house for 30 years combined, in 1934, Hull was appointed Secretary of State by Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served 11 years until he retired from public office. Hull became the force and architect in the creation of the United Nations, drafting, along with his staff. He resigned as Secretary of State in November 1944 because of failing health, in 1945, Cordell Hull was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for co-initiating the United Nations. There is now a Cordell Hull Museum located near his birthplace in Byrdstown, Tennessee, Hull was born in Olympus, Pickett County, Tennessee, third of the five sons of William Paschal Hull and Mary Elizabeth Riley Hull. His brothers were named Orestes, Sanadius, Wyoming, and Roy, Hulls father reportedly tracked down and killed a man because of a blood feud. Hulls mothers family holds the DAR distinction of the most documented ancestors to have fought in the Revolutionary War. Hull devoted a section in his memoirs Cabin on the Hill to dispelling an old rumor that his mother was part Cherokee Indian, Hull attended college from 1889 until 1890. He gave his first speech at the age of 16, at the age of 19, Hull became the elected chairman of the Clay County Democratic Party. In 1891, he graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University and was admitted to the bar and he served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897. During the Spanish–American War, Hull served in Cuba as a captain in the Fourth Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteer Infantry. At the age of 45, in 1917 he married a widow Rose Frances Whitney Hull, of an Austrian Jewish family of Staunton, Virginia, Mrs. Hull died at age 79, in Washington, D. C. in 1954
41.
John J. Raskob
–
John Jakob Raskob, KCSG was a financial executive and businessman for DuPont and General Motors, and the builder of the Empire State Building. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1928 to 1932, after Franklin D. Roosevelt became President, Raskob was a prominent opponent of the New Deal through his support of a number of anti-Roosevelt organizations including the American Liberty League. Raskob was also a leader in the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, Raskob was born to John and Anna Frances Raskob, in Lockport, New York, where his father ran a successful cigar-production business. His parents were of German and Irish descent, respectively, the Raskob family originated in the Eifel region in Germany. Raskobs grandfather was an emigrant from the village of Großlittgen in Eifel, during his studies at both parochial and public schools, Raskob delivered newspapers, worked in seasonal agriculture, participated in local theater and was involved in the Catholic community. He entered a business school after his high school graduation. Raskob was hired in 1901 by Pierre S. du Pont as a personal secretary, in 1911, he became assistant treasurer of DuPont, in 1914 treasurer, and in 1918 vice-president for finance of both DuPont and General Motors. Raskob had been an investor in General Motors and had engineered DuPonts ownership of 43% of GM. While with GM, he led the creation of General Motors Acceptance Corporation and he also promoted the use of standard financial statistics to measure the performance of different operations within a diversified company, primarily through his associate Donaldson Brown. Raskob held the head job at both GM and DuPont until 1928, when he resigned from GM in a dispute with chairman Alfred P. Sloan. The article arrived at newsstands just two months before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Raskob had supported Democratic presidential candidate Al Smith in the 1928 election, and Smith invited Raskob to become chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Sloan, a supporter of Herbert Hoover, insisted Raskob resign either from GM or the DNC, Raskob left GM after the board supported Sloan, sold his GM stock, and used the proceeds to build the Empire State Building. Raskob made Smith president of the Empire State Co. operators of the building, Raskob served as chairman of the DNC through 1932. He continued to promote Smiths candidacy as Chairman of the DNC, Raskob viewed many of Roosevelts New Deal policies as radical and unhelpful to economic recovery. Toward the end of Roosevelts first term as president, Raskob began actively working against Roosevelt, Raskob later became involved with the American Liberty League, an anti-New Deal organization active around the time of the 1936 election. According to one story, Raskob had taken a jumbo pencil, stood it on end and asked architect William F. Lamb, Bill, during the early years of the Depression, the Empire State Building had so few tenants it was mocked as the Empty State Building. Raskob was also invested in precious metal mining in Nevada and New Mexico, ranching, Raskob remained with DuPont until his retirement from the company in 1946. Raskobs religious convictions motivated him to be involved in charitable giving over the course of his life
42.
James Farley
–
A business executive and dignitary, and a Knight of Malta, Farley was commonly referred to as a political kingmaker, and was responsible for Franklin D. Roosevelts rise to the presidency. Farley predicted large landslides in both, and revolutionized the use of polling, and polling data and he was responsible for pulling together the New Deal Coalition of Catholics, labor unions, African Americans, and farmers for FDR. Farley, and the patronage machine he presided over, helped to fuel the social. He handled most mid-level and lower-level appointments in consultation with state, Farley opposed Franklin Roosevelt breaking the two-term tradition of the presidency, and broke with Roosevelt on that issue in 1940. As of 1942, Farley was considered the supreme Democratic Party Boss of New York, Farleys work on the Hoover Commission would lead to the development and ratification of the 22nd Amendment of the U. S. Constitution, establishing the modern executive term-limit law. This was viewed by many, including Farley, as vindication for his opposition to FDRs third term. Farley guided and remained at the helm of Coca-Cola International for over 30 years and was responsible for the global expansion as a quasi-government agency in World War II. This was used as a boost to the morale and energy levels of the fighting men, shipped with food and ammunition as a “war priority item, ” the deal spread Cokes market worldwide at government expense. Also at U. S. expense after the war, fifty-nine new Coke plants were installed to help rebuild Europe, the Landmark James Farley Post Office in New York City is designated in his honor and as a monument to his career in public service. James Aloysius Farley was born in Grassy Point, New York and his father, James Farley, was involved in the brick-making industry, first as a laborer and later as a part owner of three small schooners engaged in the brick-carrying trade. His mother was the former Ellen Goldrick, after his father died suddenly, Farley helped his mother tend a bar and grocery store that she purchased to support the family. After graduating from school, he attended Packard Business College in New York City to study bookkeeping. After graduation he was employed by the United States Gypsum Corporation, in 1911, Farley officially began his service as a politician when he was elected town clerk of Stony Point, New York. Despite Stony Points Republican leanings, Farley was reelected twice, Farley married the former Elizabeth A. The Democrats could not win north of the Bronx line before Farley organized the Upstate New York Democratic organization, after helping Smith become Governor of New York State, Farley was awarded the post of Port Warden of New York City. He was the last Democrat to hold this post, which was taken over by the Port Authority of New York, Farley ran for the New York State Assembly in 1922 and won in Rockland County, a normally solid Republican stronghold. He sat in the 146th New York State Legislature in 1923, Farley fought for equal rights for African-Americans as Chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission. In 1926, Farley threatened to resign his post as Athletic Commissioner if boxing champion Jack Dempsey did not fight the mandatory challenger, Farley banned Dempsey from fighting Gene Tunney and publicly threatened to revoke Tex Rickards Madison Square Garden license if he ignored the ruling of the commission
43.
Edward J. Flynn
–
Edward Joseph Flynn was an American lawyer and politician. Flynn was a leading Democratic politician of the mid-1900s, known for his control of the Bronx Democratic Party organization after 1922. Flynn was the youngest son of Henry T. Flynn and Sarah Mallon Flynn and he graduated from Fordham Law School in 1912, was admitted to the bar in June 1913, and practiced in the Bronx. On June 15,1927, he married Helen Margaret Jones and he entered politics as a Democrat, and was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1918,1919,1920 and 1921. He was also the United States Commissioner General on the New York Worlds Fair Commission and he was a close associate of President Franklin D. Roosevelt for many years, and helped Roosevelt through all of his elections, but repeatedly refused offers of jobs in the Roosevelt Administration. He did accompany Roosevelt to the Yalta Conference remaining in Europe afterwords to carry out missions for the president. In 1947, Flynn published Youre the Boss, a memoir of his experiences in politics, Flynn was one of the driving forces behind Harry S. Trumans 1948 election victory. Flynn died in 1953 while on a visit to Ireland and his papers were given by his family to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, to be available for the public. The phrase in like Flynn has sometimes claimed to be a reference to Flynn. Etymologist Eric Partridge presents evidence that candidates Flynn backed were almost automatically in, citing usage during Flynns life that refers to him
