Demography of the United States

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Demographics of the United States
Nationality American
Population
Population 308,745,538 (2010) (3rd)
 • Estimate 323,127,513 (2016) (3rd)
 • Density 85.10/sq mi (32.86/km2)
Growth rate Increase 0.81% (2016 est.)
Birth rate 12.5/1,000 population
Death rate 8.2/1,000 population
Net migration rate 3.9/1,000 population
Life expectancy 79.8 years
 • Male 77.5 years
 • Female 82.1 years
Fertility rate 1.87 children born/woman
Languages
Official None at the federal level
English in 32 of the 50 states
Spoken English 79%
Spanish 13%
Other Indo-European 3.7%
Asian and Pacific island 3.4%
Other 1%
Source: CIA World Factbook[1]

The United States is estimated to have a population of 323,127,513 as of July 1, 2016, making it the third most populous country in the world,[2] it is very urbanized, with 81% residing in cities and suburbs as of 2014 (the worldwide urban rate is 54%).[3] California and Texas are the most populous states, as the mean center of U.S. population has consistently shifted westward and southward.[4][5] New York City is the most populous city in the United States.[6]

The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2016 is 1.82 children per woman,[7][8] which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The United States Census Bureau shows a population increase of 0.75% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2012. Though high by industrialized country standards, this is below the world average annual rate of 1.1%.[9]

There were about 125.9 million adult women in the United States in 2014. The number of men was 119.4 million. At age 85 and older, there were almost twice as many women as men (4 million vs. 2.1 million). People under 21 years of age made up over a quarter of the U.S. population (27.1%), and people age 65 and over made up one-seventh (14.5%).[10] The national median age was 37.8 years in 2015.[11]

The United States Census Bureau defines white people as those "having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa." It includes people who reported "White" or wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish."[12] Whites constitute the majority of the U.S. population, with a total of about 245,532,000 or 77.7% of the population as of 2013. Non-Hispanic whites make up 62.6% of the country's population. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1960s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of American citizens are still white, and English-speaking, though regional differences exist.

The American population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It reached the 200 million mark in 1968, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.[13][14] Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2012, 50.4% of American children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[15]

Hispanic and Latino Americans accounted for 48% of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.[16] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.[17]

The Census Bureau projects a U.S. population of 417 million in 2060, a 38% increase from 2007 (301.3 million),[18] and the United Nations estmates the U.S. population will be 402 million in 2050, an increase of 32% from 2007.[19] In an official census report, it was reported that 54.4% (2,150,926 out of 3,953,593) of births in 2010 were non-Hispanic white. This represents an increase of 0.3% compared to the previous year, which was 54.1%.[20]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1790 3,929,214 —
1800 5,236,631 33.3%
1810 7,239,881 38.3%
1820 9,638,453 33.1%
1830 12,866,020 33.5%
1840 17,069,453 32.7%
1850 23,191,876 35.9%
1860 31,443,321 35.6%
1870 38,558,371 22.6%
1880 49,371,340 28.0%
1890 62,979,766 27.6%
1900 76,212,168 21.0%
1910 92,228,531 21.0%
1920 106,021,568 15.0%
1930 123,202,660 16.2%
1940 132,165,129 7.3%
1950 151,325,798 14.5%
1960 179,323,175 18.5%
1970 203,211,926 13.3%
1980 226,545,805 11.5%
1990 248,709,873 9.8%
2000 281,421,906 13.2%
2010 308,745,538 9.7%
Est. 2017 325,365,189 5.4%
Sources: United States Census Bureau[21][22][23]
Note that the census numbers do not
include American Indian natives before 1860.

History[edit]

Main article: Demographic history of the United States
Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900.

In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million Whites in the United States, representing 88% of the total population,[24] 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states,[25] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.[26]

Under the law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,[27] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased,[28] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007.[29] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s;[30] in 2009, 37% of immigrants originated in Asia, 42% in North America, and 11% in Africa.[31]

In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest American cities,[32] the Census Bureau reported that minorities (including Hispanic whites) made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011,[33] compared to 37% in 1990.[34]

In 2010 the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.63, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.45.[20] This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US—39.2—while Utah has the youngest—29.0.[35]

Vital statistics[edit]

See also: Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States § Vital statistics of racial and ethnic Groups (since 1990)
Map of population change in U.S. states from April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013.

The U.S. total fertility rate as of 2010 census is 1.931:

Other:[36]

  • 2.350 for Hispanics (of all racial groups)
  • 1.831 for non-Hispanics (of all racial groups)

(Note that ~95% of Hispanics are included as "white Hispanics" by CDC, which does not recognize the Census' "Some other race" category and counts people in that category as white.)

Source: National Vital statistics report based on 2010 US Census data[20]

Vital statistics[edit]

Average population (x 1,000)[37] Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000)[38] Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rate
1935 127,362 2,377,000 1,392,752 984,248 18.7 10.9 7.7 2.19
1936 128,181 2,355,000 1,479,228 875,772 18.4 11.5 6.8 2.15
1937 128,961 2,413,000 1,450,427 962,573 18.7 11.2 7.5 2.17
1938 129,969 2,496,000 1,381,391 1,114,609 19.2 10.6 8.6 2.22
1939 131,028 2,466,000 1,387,897 1,078,103 18.8 10.6 8.2 2.17
1940 132,165 2,559,000 1,417,269 1,142,000 19.4 10.8 8.6 2.23
1941 133,002 2,703,000 1,397,642 1,305,358 20.3 10.5 9.8 2.33
1942 134,464 2,989,000 1,385,187 1,603,813 22.2 10.3 11.9 2.55
1943 136,003 3,104,000 1,459,544 1,644,306 22.8 10.7 12.1 2.64
1944 138,083 2,939,000 1,411,338 1,644,456 21.2 10.2 11.0 2.49
1945 139,994 2,858,000 1,401,719 1,456,281 20.4 10.0 10.4 2.42
1946 140,008 3,411,000 1,395,617 2,015,383 24.1 10.0 14.1 2.86
1947 145,023 3,817,000 1,445,370 2,371,630 26.6 10.0 16.6 3.18
1948 148,013 3,637,000 1,444,337 2,192,663 24.9 9.8 15.1 3.03
1949 149,336 3,649,000 1,443,607 2,205,393 24.5 9.7 14.8 3.04
1950 151,861 3,632,000 1,452,454 2,180,000 24.1 9.6 14.5 3.03
1951 154,056 3,823,000 1,482,099 2,340,901 24.8 9.6 15.2 3.20
1952 156,431 3,913,000 1,496,838 2,416,162 25.0 9.6 15.4 3.30
1953 159,047 3,965,000 1,447,459 2,517,541 25.2 9.1 16.1 3.36
1954 161,948 4,078,000 1,481,091 2,596,909 24.8 9.3 15.5 3.48
1955 163,476 4,097,000 1,528,717 2,568,283 25.0 9.3 14.3 3.52
1956 166,578 4,218,000 1,564,476 2,653,524 25.1 9.3 15.8 3.63
1957 169,637 4,308,000 1,633,128 2,666,872 25.3 9.5 15.8 3.71
1958 172,668 4,255,000 1,647,886 2,607,114 24.4 9.5 14.9 3.65
1959 175,642 4,244,796 1,656,814 2,587,982 24.0 9.4 14.7 3.66
1960 179,979 4,257,850 1,711,982 2,545,868 23.7 9.5 14.1 3.65
1961 182,992 4,268,326 1,701,522 2,566,804 23.3 9.3 14.0 3.62
1962 185,771 4,167,362 1,756,720 2,410,642 22.4 9.5 12.9 3.46
1963 188,483 4,098,020 1,813,549 2,284,471 21.7 9.6 12.1 3.32
1964 191,141 4,027,490 1,798,051 2,229,439 21.1 9.4 11.7 3.19
1965 193,526 3,760,358 1,828,136 1,932,222 19.4 9.5 9.9 2.91
1966 195,576 3,606,274 1,863,149 1,743,125 18.4 9.5 8.9 2.72
1967 197,457 3,520,959 1,851,323 1,669,636 17.8 9.4 8.4 2.56
1968 199,399 3,501,564 1,930,082 1,571,482 17.6 9.7 7.9 2.46
1969 201,385 3,600,206 1,921,990 1,678,216 17.9 9.5 8.4 2.46
1970 203,984 3,731,386 1,921,031 1,810,355 18.4 9.4 9.0 2.480
1971 206,827 3,555,970 1,927,542 1,628,428 17.2 9.3 7.9 2.266
1972 209,284 3,258,411 1,963,944 1,294,467 15.6 9.4 6.2 2.010
1973 211,357 3,136,965 1,973,003 1,163,962 14.8 9.5 5.3 1.879
1974 213,342 3,159,958 1,934,388 1,225,570 14.8 9.1 5.7 1.835
1975 215,465 3,144,198 1,892,879 1,251,319 14.6 8.8 5.8 1.774
1976 217,563 3,167,788 1,909,440 1,258,348 14.6 8.8 5.8 1.738
1977 219,760 3,326,632 1,899,597 1,427,035 15.1 8.6 6.5 1.789
1978 222,095 3,333,279 1,927,788 1,405,491 15.0 8.7 6.3 1.760
1979 224,567 3,494,398 1,913,841 1,580,557 15.6 8.5 7.1 1.808
1980 227,225 3,612,258 1,989,841 1,622,417 15.9 8.8 7.1 1.839
1981 229,466 3,629,238 1,977,981 1,651,257 15.8 8.6 7.2 1.812
1982 231,664 3,680,537 1,974,797 1,705,740 15.9 8.5 7.4 1.827
1983 233,792 3,638,933 2,019,201 1,619,732 15.6 8.6 6.9 1.799
1984 235,825 3,669,141 2,039,369 1,629,772 15.6 8.6 6.9 1.806
1985 237,924 3,760,561 2,086,440 1,674,121 15.8 8.8 7.0 1.844
1986 240,133 3,756,547 2,105,361 1,651,186 15.6 8.8 6.9 1.837
1987 242,289 3,809,394 2,123,323 1,686,071 15.7 8.8 7.0 1.872
1988 244,499 3,909,510 2,167,999 1,741,511 16.0 8.9 7.1 1.934
1989 246,819 4,040,958 2,150,466 1,890,492 16.4 8.7 7.7 2.014
1990 249,623 4,158,212 2,148,463 2,009,749 16.7 8.6 8.1 2.081
1991 252,981 4,110,907 2,169,518 1,941,389 16.2 8.6 7.7 2.062
1992 256,514 4,065,014 2,175,613 1,889,401 15.8 8.5 7.4 2.046
1993 259,919 4,000,240 2,268,553 1,731,687 15.4 8.7 6.7 2.019
1994 263,126 3,952,767 2,278,994 1,673,773 15.0 8.7 6.4 2.001
1995 266,278 3,899,589 2,312,132 1,587,457 14.6 8.7 6.0 1.978
1996 269,394 3,891,494 2,314,690 1,576,804 14.4 8.6 5.9 1.976
1997 272,647 3,880,894 2,314,245 1,566,649 14.2 8.5 5.7 1.971
1998 275,854 3,941,553 2,337,256 1,604,297 14.3 8.5 5.8 1.999
1999 279,040 3,959,417 2,391,399 1,568,018 14.2 8.6 5.6 2.007
2000 282,172 4,058,814 2,403,351 1,655,463 14.4 8.5 5.9 2.056
2001 285,082 4,025,933 2,416,425 1,609,508 14.1 8.5 5.6 2.030
2002 287,804 4,021,726 2,443,387 1,578,339 14.0 8.5 5.5 2.020
2003 290,326 4,089,950 2,448,288 1,641,662 14.1 8.4 5.5 2.047
2004 293,046 4,112,052 2,397,615 1,714,437 14.0 8.2 5.9 2.051
2005 295,753 4,138,349 2,448,017 1,690,332 14.0 8.3 5.7 2.057
2006 298,593 4,265,555 2,426,264 1,839,291 14.3 8.1 6.2 2.108
2007 301,580 4,316,234 2,423,712 1,892,522 14.3 8.0 6.3 2.120
2008 304,375 4,247,694 2,471,984 1,775,710 14.0 8.1 5.9 2.072
2009 307,007 4,130,665 2,437,163 1,693,502 13.5 7.9 5.6 2.002
2010 309,330 3,999,386 2,468,435 1,530,951 13.0 8.0 5.0 1.931
2011 311,583 3,953,590 2,515,458 1,438,412 12.7 8.1 4.6 1.894
2012 313,874 3,952,841 2,543,279 1,409,562 12.6 8.1 4.5 1.880
2013 316,129 3,932,181 2,596,993 1,336,183 12.4 8.2 4.2 1.857
2014 319,113 3,988,076 2,626,418 1,361,658 12.5 8.2 4.3 1.862
2015 321,442 3,978,497 2,712,630 1,265,867 12.4 8.4 4.0 1.843
2016 323,100 3,941,109 2,733,000 1,209,000 12.2 8.4 3.8 1.818

Population density[edit]

See also: List of U.S. states by population density and List of United States cities by population density
United States population density map

The most densely populated state is New Jersey (1,121/mi2 or 433/km2). See List of U.S. states by population density for maps and complete statistics.

The United States Census Bureau publishes a popular "dot" or "nighttime" map showing population distribution at resolutions of 1,000 and 7,500 people,[39] as well as complete listings of population density by place name.[40]

Cities[edit]

See also: List of United States cities by population and Cities and metropolitan areas of the United States

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31 "global cities"[41] of all types, with 10 in the "alpha" group of global cities: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, DC, Boston, San Francisco, Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Atlanta.[42] As of 2011, the United States had 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. (See Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.)

As of 2011, about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas, that means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.[43]

The following table shows the populations of the top twenty metropolitan areas. Note Denver and Baltimore have over 2.5 million residents in their metro areas.

Leading population centers (see complete list)
Rank Core city (cities) Metro area population Metropolitan Statistical Area Region[44]
New York City
New York City

Los Angeles
Los Angeles

Chicago
Chicago

Dallas
Dallas
1 New York 20,153,634 New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA MSA Northeast
2 Los Angeles 13,310,447 Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA West
3 Chicago 9,512,999 Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI MSA Midwest
4 Dallas–Fort Worth 7,233,323 Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA South
5 Houston 6,656,947 Houston–The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA South
6 Washington, D.C. 6,772,470 Washington, DC–VA–MD–WV MSA South
7 Philadelphia 6,070,500 Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA Northeast
8 Miami 6,066,387 Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA South
9 Atlanta 5,789,700 Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA South
10 Boston 4,794,447 Boston–Cambridge–Quincy, MA–NH MSA Northeast
11 San Francisco 4,679,166 San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA West
12 Phoenix 4,661,537 Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA West
13 Riverside–San Bernardino 4,527,837 Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA West
14 Detroit 4,297,617 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA Midwest
15 Seattle 3,798,902 Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA West
16 Minneapolis–St. Paul 3,551,036 Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI MSA Midwest
17 San Diego 3,317,749 San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA MSA West
18 Tampa–St. Petersburg 3,032,171 Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA South
19 Denver 2,853,077 Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO MSA West
20 St. Louis 2,807,002 St. Louis MO–IL MSA Midwest
Based on 2015 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau[45]

Race and ethnicity[edit]

Main articles: Americans, Race and ethnicity in the United States, and Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States

Race[edit]

The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification, the racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:[46]

  • White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
  • American Indian or Alaska Native: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
  • Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
  • Other races: includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" racial categories described above.
  • Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.

According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2015 was: [47]

Race Population (2015 est.) Share of total population
Total 316,515,021 100%
One race 307,067,138 97.0%
  White 232,943,055 73.6%
  Black or African American 39,908,095 12.6%
  American Indian and Alaska Native 2,569,170 0.8%
  Asian 16,235,305 5.1%
  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 546,255 0.2%
  Some other race 14,865,258 4.7%
Two or more races 9,447,883 3.0%
  White and Black or African American 2,407,385 0.8%
  White and American Indian and Alaska Native 1,846,997 0.6%
  White and Asian 1,871,046 0.6%
  Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native 311,538 0.1%


Racial breakdown of population by state[47]
State or territory Population
(2015 est.)		 White Black or
African American		 American Indian
and Alaska Native		 Asian Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander		 Some other race Two or more races
Alabama 4,830,620 68.8% 26.4% 0.5% 1.2% 0.1% 1.3% 1.7%
Alaska 733,375 66.0% 3.4% 13.8% 5.9% 1.2% 1.3% 8.4%
Arizona 6,641,928 78.4% 4.2% 4.4% 3.0% 0.2% 6.5% 3.2%
Arkansas 2,958,208 78.0% 15.5% 0.6% 1.4% 0.2% 2.1% 2.1%
California 38,421,464 61.8% 5.9% 0.7% 13.7% 0.4% 12.9% 4.5%
Colorado 5,278,906 84.2% 4.0% 0.9% 2.9% 0.1% 4.3% 3.5%
Connecticut 3,593,222 77.3% 10.3% 0.2% 4.2% 0.0% 5.1% 2.8%
Delaware 926,454 69.4% 21.6% 0.3% 3.6% 0.0% 2.3% 2.7%
District of Columbia 647,484 40.2% 48.9% 0.3% 3.7% 0.0% 4.2% 2.7%
Florida 19,645,772 76.0% 16.1% 0.3% 2.6% 0.1% 2.5% 2.4%
Georgia 10,006,693 60.2% 30.9% 0.3% 3.6% 0.0% 2.8% 2.1%
Hawaii 1,406,299 25.4% 2.0% 0.2% 37.7% 9.9% 1.1% 23.7%
Idaho 1,616,547 91.7% 0.6% 1.3% 1.3% 0.1% 2.4% 2.6%
Illinois 12,873,761 72.3% 14.3% 0.2% 5.0% 0.0% 5.8% 2.2%
Indiana 6,568,645 84.2% 9.2% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 2.3% 2.2%
Iowa 3,093,526 91.2% 3.2% 0.3% 2.0% 0.1% 1.3% 2.0%
Kansas 2,892,987 85.2% 5.8% 0.8% 2.6% 0.1% 2.2% 3.3%
Kentucky 4,397,353 87.6% 7.9% 0.2% 1.3% 0.0% 0.9% 2.1%
Louisiana 4,625,253 62.8% 32.1% 0.6% 1.7% 0.0% 1.0% 1.8%
Maine 1,329,100 95.0% 1.1% 0.6% 1.1% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0%
Maryland 5,930,538 57.6% 29.5% 0.3% 6.0% 0.0% 3.6% 3.0%
Massachusetts 6,705,586 79.6% 7.1% 0.2% 6.0% 0.0% 4.2% 2.9%
Michigan 9,900,571 79.0% 14.0% 0.5% 2.7% 0.0% 1.1% 2.6%
Minnesota 5,419,171 84.8% 5.5% 1.0% 4.4% 0.0% 1.5% 2.7%
Mississippi 2,988,081 59.2% 37.4% 0.4% 1.0% 0.0% 0.9% 1.2%
Missouri 6,045,448 82.6% 11.5% 0.4% 1.8% 0.1% 1.1% 2.4%
Montana 1,014,699 89.2% 0.5% 6.5% 0.7% 0.1% 0.5% 2.5%
Nebraska 1,869,365 88.1% 4.7% 0.9% 2.0% 0.1% 1.9% 2.2%
Nevada 2,798,636 69.0% 8.4% 1.1% 7.7% 0.6% 8.8% 4.4%
New Hampshire 1,324,201 93.7% 1.3% 0.2% 2.4% 0.0% 0.5% 1.8%
New Jersey 8,904,413 68.3% 13.5% 0.2% 9.0% 0.0% 6.4% 2.5%
New Mexico 2,084,117 73.2% 2.1% 9.1% 1.4% 0.1% 10.9% 3.3%
New York 19,673,174 64.6% 15.6% 0.4% 8.0% 0.0% 8.6% 2.9%
North Carolina 9,845,333 69.5% 21.5% 1.2% 2.5% 0.1% 3.0% 2.4%
North Dakota 721,640 88.7% 1.6% 5.3% 1.2% 0.0% 0.8% 2.2%
Ohio 11,575,977 82.4% 12.2% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 0.8% 2.5%
Oklahoma 3,849,733 73.1% 7.2% 7.3% 1.9% 0.1% 2.6% 7.8%
Oregon 3,939,233 85.1% 1.8% 1.2% 4.0% 0.4% 3.4% 4.1%
Pennsylvania 12,779,559 81.6% 11.0% 0.2% 3.1% 0.0% 2.0% 2.1%
Rhode Island 1,053,661 81.1% 6.5% 0.5% 3.2% 0.0% 5.8% 2.8%
South Carolina 4,777,576 67.2% 27.5% 0.3% 1.4% 0.1% 1.5% 2.0%
South Dakota 843,190 85.0% 1.6% 8.6% 1.2% 0.0% 0.9% 2.6%
Tennessee 6,499,615 77.8% 16.8% 0.3% 1.6% 0.1% 1.5% 2.0%
Texas 26,538,614 74.9% 11.9% 0.5% 4.2% 0.1% 6.0% 2.5%
Utah 2,903,379 87.6% 1.1% 1.1% 2.2% 0.9% 4.5% 2.6%
Vermont 626,604 94.9% 1.1% 0.3% 1.4% 0.0% 0.3% 1.9%
Virginia 8,256,630 69.0% 19.2% 0.3% 6.0% 0.1% 2.2% 3.2%
Washington 6,985,464 77.8% 3.6% 1.3% 7.7% 0.6% 3.8% 5.2%
West Virginia 1,851,420 93.6% 3.3% 0.2% 0.7% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0%
Wisconsin 5,742,117 86.5% 6.3% 0.9% 2.5% 0.0% 1.7% 2.1%
Wyoming 579,679 91.0% 1.1% 2.2% 0.9% 0.1% 2.1% 2.7%
Puerto Rico 3,583,073 69.7% 8.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 12.0% 9.3%

Hispanic or Latino origin[edit]

CensusViewer US 2010 Census Latino Population as a heatmap by census tract.
Main article: Hispanic and Latino Americans

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – “Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano” or ”Puerto Rican” or “Cuban” – as well as those who indicate that they are “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin.”[48] People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.[46]

Hispanic or Latino and Race Population (2015 est.) Percentage of total population
Total 316,515,021 100%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 54,232,205 17.1%
  White 35,684,777 11.3%
  Black or African American 1,122,369 0.3%
  American Indian and Alaska Native 490,557 0.1%
  Asian 181,231 0.0%
  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 46,724 0.0%
  Some other race 14,226,829 4.5%
  Two or more races 2,479,718 0.8%
Not Hispanic or Latino 262,282,816 82.9%

Other groups[edit]

There were 22.1 million veterans in 2009,[49] meaning that less than 10% of Americans served in the Armed Forces.[50]

In 2010, The Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million illegal immigrants in the country.[51]

There were about 2 million people in prison in 2010.[52]

The 2000 U.S. Census counted same-sex couples in an oblique way; asking the sex and the relationship to the "main householder", whose sex was also asked. One organization specializing in analyzing gay demographic data reported, based on this count in the 2000 census and in the 2000 supplementary survey, that same-sex couples comprised between 0.99% and 1.13% of U.S. couples in 2000.[53] A 2006 report issued by The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation concluded that the number of same-sex couples in the U.S. grew from 2000 to 2005, from nearly 600,000 couples in 2000 to almost 777,000 in 2005. A 2006 UCLA study reported that 4.1% of Americans aged 18–45 identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[54]

A 2011 report by the Institute estimated that 4 million adults identify as gay or lesbian, representing 1.7% of the population over 18. A spokesperson said that, until recently, few studies have tried to eliminate people who had occasionally undertaken homosexual behavior or entertained homosexual thoughts, from people who identified as lesbian or gay.[55] (Older estimates have varied depending on methodology and timing; see Demographics of sexual orientation for a list of studies.) The American Community Survey from the 2000 U.S. Census estimated 776,943 same-sex couple households in the country as a whole, representing about 0.5% of the population.[54]

Projections[edit]

U.S. Census Population projections (2012)[56]
2015 2050
White Americans1 77.4% 70.8%
> Non-Hispanic Whites 61.8% 46.6%
Black Americans1 13.2% 14.4%
Asian Americans1 5.3% 7.7%
Multiracial Americans1 2.6% 5.4%
Hispanics/Latinos (of any race) 17.8% 28.0%
1 Including Hispanics

A report by the U.S. Census Bureau projects a decrease in the ratio of Whites between 2010 and 2050, from 79.5% to 74.0%.[57] At the same time, Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2042, but will remain the largest single ethnic group; in 2050 they will compose 46.3% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.[58]

The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 16% today to 30% by 2050, the Black percentage barely rising from 12.9% to 13.1%, and Asian Americans upping their 4.6% share to 7.8%. The United States had a population of 310 million people in October 2010, and is projected to reach 400 million by 2039 and 439 million in 2050.[18][59][60][61] It is further projected that 82% of the increase in population from 2005 to 2050 will be due to immigrants and their children.[62]

Of the nation's children in 2050, 62% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 44% today. Approximately 39% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 22% in 2008), and 38% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 56% in 2008).[63] Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of American children under 5 years old in 2015.[64]

In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau projected the future censuses as follows:[18]

Year Projection Actual result
2010 310,232,863 308,745,538
2020 325,896,000
2030 350,471,000
2040 380,015,000
2050 389,803,000

Religion[edit]

Main article: Religion in the United States

Religious affiliations in 2004[edit]

Major religions by overall percentage (2007).

The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau, it only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body;[65] in 2004, the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.[66][clarification needed]

In a Pew Research Survey performed in 2012, Americans without a religion (atheists, agnostics, nothing in particular, etc.) surpassed Evangelical Protestant Americans with almost 20% of Americans being nonreligious. If this current growth rate continues, by 2050, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion.[67]

A survey conducted in 2014 by the same organization indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion rose to nearly 23% of the population, up from 16% in 2007.[68]

Religious body Year
reported		 Places of
worship		 Membership
(thousands)		 Clergy
!a 0000 -9999 -9999 -9999
African Methodist Episcopal Church 1999 no data 2,500 7,741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 2002 3,226 1,431 3,252
American Baptist Association 1998 1,760 275 1,740
Amish, Old Order 1993 898 227 3,592
American Baptist Churches USA 1998 3,800 1,507 4,145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America 1998 220 65 263
Armenian Apostolic Church 2010 153 1,000 200
Armenian Catholic Church 2010 36
Assemblies of God 2009 12,371 2,914 34,504
Baptist Bible Fellowship International 1997 4,500 1,200 no data
Baptist General Conference 1998 876 141 no data
Baptist Missionary Association of America 1999 1,334 235 1,525
Buddhism 2001 no data 1,082 no data
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The 1998 1,964 346 1,629
Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren) 1997 1,150 100 no data
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 1997 3,818 879 3,419
Christian churches and churches of Christ 1998 5,579 1,072 5,525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The 1998 1,438 117 1,436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church 1983 2,340 719 no data
Christian Reformed Church in North America 1998 733 199 655
Church of God in Christ 1991 15,300 5,500 28,988
Church of God of Prophecy 1997 1,908 77 2,000
Church of God (Anderson, IN) 1998 2,353 234 3,034
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) 1995 6,060 753 3,121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2014 14,018 6,466 38,259
Church of the Brethren 1997 1,095 141 827
Church of the Nazarene 1998 5,101 627 4,598
Churches of Christ 1999 15,000 1,500 14,500
Conservative Baptist Association of America 1998 1,200 200 no data
Community of Christ 1998 1,236 140 19,319
Coptic Orthodox Church 2003 200 1,000 200
Cumberland Presbyterian Church 1998 774 87 630
Episcopal Church 2013 6,736[69] 1,866[70] 8,131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The 1998 628 97 607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The 1995 1,224 243 1,936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 2011 9,638[71] 4,050[71] 9,646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church 1998 187 61 262
Free Methodist Church of North America 1998 990 73 no data
Full Gospel Fellowship 1999 896 275 2,070
General Association of General Baptists 1997 790 72 1,085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches 1998 1,415 102 no data
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches 1996 368 82 590
Grace Gospel Fellowship 1992 128 60 160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America 1998 523 1,955 596
Hinduism 2001 no data 766 no data
Independent Fundamental Churches of America 1999 659 62 no data
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel 1998 1,851 238 4,900
International Council of Community Churches 1998 150 250 182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church 1998 1,716 177 1507
Islam 2011 no data 2,600 no data
Jainism no data no data 50 no data
Jehovah's Witnesses 2014 13,871 1,243 no data
Judaism 2006 3,727 6,588 no data
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The 1998 6,218 2,594 5,227
Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric 2010 19 50 no data
Mennonite Church USA 2005 943 114 no data
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1998 416 67 534
National Association of Free Will Baptists 1998 2,297 210 2,800
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. 1987 2,500 3,500 8,000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. 1992 33,000 8,200 32,832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America 1992 no data 2,500 no data
Orthodox Church in America 1998 625 1,000 700
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc. 1998 1,750 1,500 4,500
Pentecostal Church of God 1998 1,237 104 no data
Pentecostal Church International, United 2008 28,351 4,037 22,881
Presbyterian Church in America 1997 1,340 280 1,642
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 2013 10,038[70] 1,760[70] 9,390
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. 1995 2,000 2,500 no data
Reformed Church in America 1998 902 296 915
Religious Society of Friends 1994 1,200 104 no data
Roman Catholic Church 2002 19,484 66,404 50,017 (1997)[72]
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate 1996 37 65 37
Salvation Army, The 1998 1,388 471 2,920
Scientology 2005 1,300 55[73] 1
Serbian Orthodox Church 1986 68 67 60
Seventh-day Adventist Church 1998 4,405 840 2,454
Sikhism 1999 244 80 no data
Southern Baptist Convention 2012 46,034[74] 15,900[74] 71,520
Unitarian Universalism 2001 no data 629 no data
United Church of Christ 1998 6,017 1,421 4,317
United House of Prayer For All People no data 100 25 no data
United Methodist Church, The 1998 36,170 8,400 no data
Wesleyan Church, The 1998 1,590 120 1,806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 1997 1,240 411 1,222
~z 9999 99999999 99999999 99999999

  • Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001.

  • Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001.

  • Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.

Religions of American adults[edit]

Main article: Religion in the United States

The United States government does not collect religious data in its census, the survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.

Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers, the religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.

Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008[75]
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

Source:ARIS 2008[75]
Group 1990
adults
× 1,000		 2001
adults
× 1,000		 2008
adults
× 1,000
Numerical
Change
1990–
2008
as %
of 1990		 1990
% of
adults		 2001
% of
adults		 2008
% of
adults		 change
in % of
total
adults
1990–
2008
Adult population, total 175,440 207,983 228,182 30.1%
Adult population, Responded 171,409 196,683 216,367 26.2% 97.7% 94.6% 94.8% –2.9%
Total Christian 151,225 159,514 173,402 14.7% 86.2% 76.7% 76.0% –10.2%
Catholic 46,004 50,873 57,199 24.3% 26.2% 24.5% 25.1% –1.2%
Non-Catholic Christian 105,221 108,641 116,203 10.4% 60.0% 52.2% 50.9% –9.0%
Baptist 33,964 33,820 36,148 6.4% 19.4% 16.3% 15.8% –3.5%
Mainline Protestant 32,784 35,788 29,375 –10.4% 18.7% 17.2% 12.9% –5.8%
Methodist 14,174 14,039 11,366 –19.8% 8.1% 6.8% 5.0% –3.1%
Lutheran 9,110 9,580 8,674 –4.8% 5.2% 4.6% 3.8% –1.4%
Presbyterian 4,985 5,596 4,723 –5.3% 2.8% 2.7% 2.1% –0.8%
Episcopalian/Anglican 3,043 3,451 2,405 –21.0% 1.7% 1.7% 1.1% –0.7%
United Church of Christ 438 1,378 736 68.0% 0.2% 0.7% 0.3% 0.1%
Christian Generic 25,980 22,546 32,441 24.9% 14.8% 10.8% 14.2% –0.6%
Jehovah's Witness 1,381 1,331 1,914 38.6% 0.8% 0.6% 0.8% 0.1%
Christian Unspecified 8,073 14,190 16,384 102.9% 4.6% 6.8% 7.2% 2.6%
Non-denominational Christian 194 2,489 8,032 4040.2% 0.1% 1.2% 3.5% 3.4%
Protestant - Unspecified 17,214 4,647 5,187 –69.9% 9.8% 2.2% 2.3% –7.5%
Evangelical/Born Again 546 1,088 2,154 294.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 0.6%
Pentecostal/Charismatic 5,647 7,831 7,948 40.7% 3.2% 3.8% 3.5% 0.3%
Pentecostal - Unspecified 3,116 4,407 5,416 73.8% 1.8% 2.1% 2.4% 0.6%
Assemblies of God 617 1,105 810 31.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.0%
Church of God 590 943 663 12.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0%
Other Protestant Denomination 4,630 5,949 7,131 54.0% 2.6% 2.9% 3.1% 0.5%
Seventh-Day Adventist 668 724 938 40.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0%
Churches of Christ 1,769 2,593 1,921 8.6% 1.0% 1.2% 0.8% –0.2%
Mormon/Latter-Day Saints 2,487 2,697 3,158 27.0% 1.4% 1.3% 1.4% 0.0%
Total non-Christian religions 5,853 7,740 8,796 50.3% 3.3% 3.7% 3.9% 0.5%
Jewish 3,137 2,837 2,680 –14.6% 1.8% 1.4% 1.2% –0.6%
Eastern Religions 687 2,020 1,961 185.4% 0.4% 1.0% 0.9% 0.5%
Buddhist 404 1,082 1,189 194.3% 0.2% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3%
Muslim 527 1,104 1,349 156.0% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3%
New Religious Movements & Others 1,296 1,770 2,804 116.4% 0.7% 0.9% 1.2% 0.5%
None/ No religion, total 14,331 29,481 34,169 138.4% 8.2% 14.2% 15.0% 6.8%
Agnostic+Atheist 1,186 1,893 3,606 204.0% 0.7% 0.9% 1.6% 0.9%
Did Not Know/ Refused to reply 4,031 11,300 11,815 193.1% 2.3% 5.4% 5.2% 2.9%

Marriage[edit]

In 2010, the median age for marriage for men was 27; for women, 26.[76]

Income[edit]

Main articles: Household income in the United States, Personal income in the United States, Affluence in the United States, and Income inequality in the United States

In 2006, the median household income in the United States was around $46,326. Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.

Median income levels
Households Persons, age 25 or older with earnings Household income by race or ethnicity
All households Dual earner
households		 Per household
member		 Males Females Both sexes Asian Non-Hispanic White Hispanic
(of any race)		 Black
$46,326 $67,348 $23,535 $39,403 $26,507 $32,140 $57,518 $48,977 $34,241 $30,134
Median personal income by educational attainment
Measure Some High School High school graduate Some college Associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctorate degree
Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings $20,321 $26,505 $31,054 $35,009 $49,303 $43,143 $52,390 $82,473 $70,853
Male, age 25+ w/ earnings $24,192 $32,085 $39,150 $42,382 $60,493 $52,265 $67,123 $100,000 $78,324
Female, age 25+ w/ earnings $15,073 $21,117 $25,185 $29,510 $40,483 $36,532 $45,730 $66,055 $54,666
Persons, age 25+, employed full-time $25,039 $31,539 $37,135 $40,588 $56,078 $50,944 $61,273 $100,000 $79,401
Household $22,718 $36,835 $45,854 $51,970 $73,446 $68,728 $78,541 $100,000 $96,830
Household income distribution
Bottom 10% Bottom 20% Bottom 25% Middle 33% Middle 20% Top 25% Top 20% Top 5% Top 1.5% Top 1%
$0 to $10,500 $0 to $18,500 $0 to $22,500 $30,000 to $62,500 $35,000 to $55,000 $77,500 and up $92,000 and up $167,000 and up $250,000 and up $350,000 and up
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006; income statistics for the year 2005

Economic class[edit]

Main article: Social class in the United States
See also: United States counties by per capita income

Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial, the following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

Academic class models
Dennis Gilbert, 2002 William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005 Leonard Beeghley, 2004
Class Typical characteristics Class Typical characteristics Class Typical characteristics
Capitalist class (1%) Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common. Upper class (1%) Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy league education common. The super-rich (0.9%) Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.
Upper middle class[1] (15%) Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy. Upper middle class[1] (15%) Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000. The rich (5%) Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.
Middle class (plurality/
majority?; ca. 46%)		 College-educated workers with considerably higher-than-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.
Lower middle class (30%) Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white-collar. Lower middle class (32%) Semi-professionals and craftsmen with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.
Working class (30%) Clerical and most blue-collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education.
Working class (32%) Clerical, pink- and blue-collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education. Working class
(ca. 40–45%)		 Blue-collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.
Working poor (13%) Service, low-rung clerical and some blue-collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty, some high school education.
Lower class (ca. 14–20%) Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.
Underclass (12%) Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers, some high school education. The poor (ca. 12%) Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.
References: Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, ISBN 0534541100. (see also Gilbert Model);

Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004). The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.

1 The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989). The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Collins.


Health[edit]

In 2010, the average man weighed 194.7 pounds (88.3 kg); the average woman 164.7 pounds (74.7 kg).[77][unreliable source?] The height of an American man was 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m)[78][unreliable source?] and woman 5 feet 3.8 inches (1.621 m)[79][unreliable source?] The average BMI is 27.3 for males (overweight) and 28.5 for females (overweight).[80][unreliable source?]

According to a Gallup poll in 2012, an estimated 26% of the population were obese,[81] 21% smoked,[82] and 11% had diabetes.[83]

A nationwide study reported by The New York Times in 2010 indicated that 19.5% of teens, aged 12–19, had developed "slight" hearing loss. "Slight" was defined as an inability to hear at 16 to 24 decibels.[84]

According to the Centers for Disease Control in 2011, an estimated 1.2 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in the United States.[85]

Generational cohorts[edit]

A study by William Strauss and Neil Howe, in their books Generations and Fourth Turning, looked at generational similarities and differences going back to the 15th century and concluded that over 80-year spans, generations proceed through four stages of about 20 years each.

A definitive recent study of US generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"[86] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some put 8 or 9) distinct cohorts became evident.

Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

  • Lost Generation – born from approximately 1883 to 1900.
  • G.I. Generation – born from approximately 1901 to 1924 (depression cohort who fought and won World War II).
  • Silent Generation – born from approximately 1925 to 1942[87] during the Great Depression and World War II.[88] The label was originally applied to people in North America but has also been applied to those in Western Europe, Australasia and South America. It includes most of those who fought during the Korean War.
  • Baby Boomers – There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1940s and ending birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s.
  • Generation X – demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s and ending birth years ranging from the late 1970s to early 1980s.[89]
    • In the U.S., some called Generation Xers the "baby bust" generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.[90] The drop in fertility rates in America began in the late 1950s, but according to authors and demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe (who use 1961 to 1981 for Gen X birth years), there are approximately 88.5 million Gen Xers in the U.S. today.[91][92]
  • Millennials (also known as Generation Y) – demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.
  • Generation Z (also known as Homelanders or Digital Natives) – demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years that range from the mid-1990s to early 2000s, and as of yet there is little consensus about ending birth years.

U.S. demographic birth cohorts[edit]

Birth rate has dropped since 1957.

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve), the boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births, the dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The Baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.[citation needed]

From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to pre-WWII levels, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.[93]

Demographic statistics[edit]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[94]

A population pyramid that shows the age of the population by sex in 2010.
Population of the US by age and sex (demographic pyramid) as on July 1, 2015.

Ages[edit]

Median ages are 37.3 years; males are 36.1 years; females are 38.5 years estimated as of 2012.

Further information: Children and adolescents in the United States

As of 2012, people are distributed by age as follows:

  • 0–14 years: 19.8% (male 31,639,127/female 30,305,704)
  • 15–64 years: 66.8% (male 101,612,000/female 104,577,000)
  • 65 years and over: 13.4% (male 18,332,000/female 23,174,000) (2012 est.)

Birth, growth, and death rates[edit]

The growth rate is 0.76% as estimated from 2014–2010 by the US Census

See also: Birth rate § United States
Live Births in the United States, 1934–2004.

The birth rate is 12.5 births/1,000 population, estimated as of 2013. This was the lowest since records began. There were 3,957,577 births in 2013.[95]

13.9 births/1,000 population/year (Provisional Data for 2008)
14.3 births/1,000 population/year (Provisional Data for 2007)[96]

In 2009, Time magazine reported that 40% of births were to unmarried women,[97] the following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics, 66% Native Americans, and 72% Black American.[98]

The drop in the birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with the Late-2000s recession.[99]

A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that more than half (51 percent) of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.[100]

Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.[101] Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007,[102] this drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011.[103] Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions,[104] this connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s.[105] Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at the lowest level in U.S. history.[106] In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007.[106] The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009,[106] despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates are still higher than in other developed nations.[106] Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well, the American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.[107]

Birth data[edit]

Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.[108][8] Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

Race of mother Number of births
in 2014		  % of all
born		 TFR
(2014)		 Number of births
in 2015		  % of all
born		 TFR
(2015)		 Increase
Decrease
White
3,019,863
 75.72% 1.876
3,012,855
 75.73% 1.864 Decrease0.23%
> Non-Hispanic
2,149,302
 53.89 1.763
2,130,279
 53.54% 1.746
Decrease0.89%
Black
640,562
 16.06% 1.872
640,079
 16.09% 1.853 Decrease0.075%
> Non-Hispanic
588,891
 14.77% 1.874
589,047
 14.80% 1.857
Increase0.03%
Asian and Pacific islander
282,723
 7.09% 1.715
281,264
 7.07% 1.646 Decrease0.52%
Native (incl. Alaska native)
44,928
 1.13% 1.289
44,299
 1.11% 1.263 Decrease1.40%
Total
3,988,076
 100% 1.862
3,978,497
 100% 1.843 Decrease0.24%

NOTE:

  • TFR = Total fertility rate.
  • Growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.
Ethnicity of mother Number of births
in 2014		 TFR
(2014)		 Number of births
in 2015		 TFR
(2015)		 Increase
Decrease
Non-Hispanic (of any race)
3,043,519
 1.793
3,021,999
 1.770 Decrease0.71%
Hispanic (of any race)
914,065
 2.131
924,048
 2.124 Increase1.09%
Foreign-born fertility rate (‰) by race
and those of Hispanic origin[109]
Race 2008 2011 2013
White 2.29 2.01 1.94
Black 2.51 2.57 2.35
Asian 2.25 2.02 1.93
Other 1.80 2.04 2.06
Hispanic (of any race) 3.15 2.77 2.46
Total 2.75 2.45 2.22
Age group Total
(of population)		 White alone
(of race/age group)		 Black alone
(of race/age group)		 Mixed and/or Some Other Race
(of race/age group)		 Asian alone
(of race/age group)		 Either American Indian or Alaska Native
(of race/age group)		 Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
(of race/age group)
Total 308745538
(100%)		 223553265
(72.41%)		 38929319
(12.61%)		 28116441
(9.11%)		 14674252
(4.75%)		 2932248
(0.95%)		 540013
(0.17%)
0–4 20201362
(6.5%)		 12795675
(5.7%/63.34%)		 2902590
(7.5%/14.37%)		 3315480
(11.8%/16.41%)		 898011
(6.1%/4.45%)		 244615
(8.3%/1.21%)		 44991
(8.3%/0.22%)
5–9 20348657
(6.6%)		 13293799
(5.9%/65.33%)		 2882597
(7.4%/14.17%)		 2957487
(10.5%/14.53%)		 928248
(6.3%/4.56%)		 243259
(8.3%/1.20%)		 43267
(8.0%/0.21%)
10–14 20677194
(6.7%)		 13737332
(6.1%/66.44%)		 3034266
(7.8%/14.67%)		 2736570
(9.7%/13.23%)		 881590
(6.0%/4.26%)		 245049
(8.4%/1.19%)		 42387
(7.8%/0.20%)
15–19 22040343
(7.1%)		 14620638
(6.5%/66.35%)		 3448051
(8.9%/15.64%)		 2704571
(9.6%/12.27%)		 956028
(6.5%/4.34%)		 263805
(9.0%/1.20%)		 47250
(8.7%/0.21%)
20–24 21585999
(7.0%)		 14535947
(6.5%/67.34%)		 3111397
(8.0%/14.41%)		 2538967
(9.0%/11.76%)		 1106222
(7.5%/5.12%)		 240716
(8.2%/1.12%)		 52750
(9.8%/0.24%)
25–29 21101849
(6.8%)		 14345364
(6.4%/67.98%)		 2786254
(7.2%/13.20%)		 2464343
(8.8%/11.68%)		 1234322
(8.4%/5.85%)		 221654
(7.6%/1.05%)		 49912
(9.2%/0.24%)
30–34 19962099
(6.5%)		 13573270
(6.1%/68.00%)		 2627925
(6.8%/13.16%)		 2273322
(8.1%/11.39%)		 1240906
(8.5%/6.22%)		 202928
(6.9%/1.02%)		 43748
(8.1%/0.22%)
35–39 20179642
(6.5%)		 13996797
(6.3%/69.36%)		 2613389
(6.7%/12.95%)		 2038408
(7.2%/10.10%)		 1296301
(8.8%/6.42%)		 196017
(6.7%/0.97%)		 38730
(7.2%/0.19%)
40–44 20890964
(6.8%)		 15052798
(6.7%/72.05%)		 2669034
(6.9%/12.78%)		 1782463
(6.3%/8.53%)		 1155565
(7.9%/5.53%)		 194713
(6.6%/0.93%)		 36391
(6.7%/0.17%)
45–49 22708591
(7.4%)		 17028255
(7.6%/74.99%)		 2828657
(7.3%/12,46%)		 1532117
(5.4%/6.75%)		 1076060
(7.3%/4.74%)		 207857
(7.1%/0.92%)		 35645
(6.6%/0.16%)
50–54 22298125
(7.2%)		 17178632
(7.7%/77.04%)		 2694247
(6.9%/12.08%)		 1222175
(4.3%/5.48%)		 980282
(6.7%/4.40%)		 191893
(6.5%/0.86%)		 30896
(5.7%/0.14%)
55–59 19664805
(6.4%)		 15562187
(7.0%/79.14%)		 2205820
(5.7%/11.22%)		 873943
(3.1%/4.44%)		 844490
(5.8%/4.29%)		 154320
(5.3%/0.78%)		 24045
(4.5%/0.12%)
60–64 16817924
(5.4%)		 13693334
(6.1%/81.42%)		 1686695
(4.3%/10.03%)		 611144
(2.2%/3.63%)		 689601
(4.7%/4.10%)		 118362
(4.0%/0.70%)		 18788
(3.5%/0.11%)
65–69 12435263
(4.0%)		 10313002
(4.6%/82.93%)		 1162577
(3.0%/9.35%)		 394208
(1.4%/3.17%)		 474327
(3.2%/3.81%)		 79079
(2.7%/0.64%)		 12070
(2.2%/0.10%)
70–74 9278166
(3.0%)		 7740932
(3.5%/83.43%)		 852317
(2.2%/9.19%)		 268574
(1.0%/2.89%)		 354268
(2.4%/3.82%)		 53926
(1.8%/0.58%)		 8149
(1.5%/0.09%)
75–79 7317795
(2.4%)		 6224569
(2.8%/85.06%)		 616789
(1.6%/8.43%)		 184596
(0.7%/2.52%)		 251210
(1.7%/3.43%)		 35268
(1.2%/0.48%)		 5363
(1.0%/0.07%)
80–84 5743327
(1.9%)		 5002427
(2.2%/87.10%)		 424592
(1.1%/7.39%)		 122249
(0.4%/2.13%)		 168879
(1.2%/2.94%)		 21963
(0.7%/0.38%)		 3217
(0.6%/0.06%)
85+ 5493433
(1.8%)		 4858307
(2.2%/88.44%)		 382122
(1.0%/6.96%)		 95824
(0.3%/1.74%)		 137942
(0.9%/2.51%)		 16824
(0.6%/0.31%)		 2414
(0.4%/0.04%)

Death rate[edit]

As of July 2010, it was estimated that there were 8.18 deaths/1,000 population per year.[110]

Immigration and emigration[edit]

Main article: Immigration to United States

13% of the population was foreign-born in 2009 – a rise of 350% since 1970 when foreign-born people accounted for 3.7% of the population,[111] including 11.2 million illegal aliens,[112] 80% of whom come from Latin America.[113] Latin America is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for over half (53%) of all foreign born population in US,[114] and thus is also the largest source of both legal and illegal immigration to US;[115] in 2011, there are 18.1 million naturalized citizens in the United States, accounting for 45% of the foreign-born population (40.4 million) and 6% of the total US population at the time,[116] and around 680,000 legal immigrants are naturalized annually.[117]

4.32 people migrate per 1,000 population, estimated in 2010.[citation needed]

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents, Top Five Sending Countries, 2011[118]
Country 2011
Mexico 143,446
China 87,016
India 69,013
Philippines 57,011
Dominican Rep. 46,019
Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by Region, 2011[118]
Region 2011
Asia 451,593
Americas 419,996
Africa 100,336
Europe 83,635
All immigrants 1,062,040

Sex ratios[edit]

at birth: 1.048 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate[edit]

total: 6.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth[edit]

total population: 78.11 years
male: 75.65 years
female: 80.69 years (2010 est.)
US unemployment by state in December 2015 (official, or U3 rate).[119]

Total fertility rate[edit]

1.82 children born/woman (2016).
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Vital Statistics System.

Unemployment rate[edit]

As of July 2016, the U.S. unemployment rate was 4.9 percent (U3 Rate).[120]

As of July 2015, the U.S. unemployment rate was 5.3 percent (U3 Rate).[121]

As of July 2014, the U.S. unemployment rate was 6.2 percent (U3 Rate).[120]

As of April 2017, the U6 unemployment rate is 8.6 percent.[122] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U-3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U-3 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work, the age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.[123]

Mobility[edit]

In 2013, about 15% of Americans moved.[citation needed] Most of these, 67%, moved within the same county. Of the 33% who moved beyond local county boundaries, 13% of those moved more than 200 miles (320 km).[124]

See also[edit]

This article is part of a series on
Income in the
United States of America
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References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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