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Dendritic spine
Videos
A dendritic spine is a small membrane protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strengt
Calcium influx through NMDA receptors activates CAMKII. CAMKII then regulates several other signaling cascades that modulate the activity of the actin
Calcium influx through NMDA receptors activates CAMKII. CAMKII then regulates several other signaling cascades that modulate the activity of the actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin. These cascades can be divided into two primary pathways, the RhoA and Cdc42 pathways, which are mediated primarily by these members of the Rho family of GTPases. In the transient stage, the signaling cascade caused by synaptic activity results in LIMK1 phosphorylating ADF/cofilin via both the RhoA and Cdc42 pathways, which in turn inhibits the depolymerization of F-actin and increases the volume of the dendritic spine drastically while also inducing LTP.
In contrast, the sustained stage is focused more on activating the RhoA pathway, which ultimately results in a higher concentration of profilin, which
In contrast, the sustained stage is focused more on activating the RhoA pathway, which ultimately results in a higher concentration of profilin, which prevents additional polymerization of actin and decreases the size of the dendritic spine from the transient stage, though still allows it to remain at an elevated level compared to an unpotentiated spine.
Experience-dependent spine formation and elimination
Experience-dependent spine formation and elimination
Synaptogenesis
Videos
Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brai
Dendritic spine
…larger calcium transients during synaptic activity. Dendritic spines can develop directly from dendritic shafts or from dendritic filopodia. During synaptogenesis, dendrites rapidly sprout and retract filopodia, small membrane organelle-lacking membranous protrusions. Recently, I-BAR protein MIM was found to…
Image of axonal growth cones
Image of axonal growth cones