1.
Dennis Miller
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Dennis Miller is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality. He rose to fame as a cast member of Saturday Night Live in 1985, from 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One. He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references, Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Centrals 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNLs Weekend Update by Vulture. com. Miller was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up in the suburb of Castle Shannon, Millers parents separated and he was raised by his mother, Norma, a dietitian at a Baptist home. Miller is reticent to speak about his father, usually just saying he moved on when I was very young and he is the oldest of Normas five children, and in his early life often looked after the rest of his siblings. Miller attended Saint Anne School, a Catholic elementary school, Millers personality during this period was not that of an innate performer but of a shy kid. Millers childhood pastimes included playing football, backyard baseball, playing basketball at St. Annes. At St. Annes Miller, served as manager for the Catholic Youth Organization basketball team for boys 15 to 16 years-old, Miller went on to Keystone Oaks High School. His two earliest childhood comedy heroes were Jonathan Winters and Tim Conway, by high school he had already developed a reputation for humor. Miller and his brother Rich had an invitation to the home of his best friend Ted Wasik. The Wasik parents, Pauline and Ted Herc Wasik Sr, at Keystone Oaks, Miller was a member of the Physical Fitness Club, and in his senior year he worked on the Keynote newspaper and served on student council. His senior year he served as co-master of ceremonies for the Keystone Oaks May Pageant. Despite a reputation for humor Millers actual personality at this time was one that was reserved, lacking self-confidence and he graduated high school in 1971 with the intent of studying to become a Sports Writer. At Point Park University Miller became a member of Sigma Tau Gamma Fraternity, Miller likened his social status at this period as being lower than Booger of Revenge of the Nerds. Inspired by the film All the President’s Men Miller majored in Journalism, in the fall of his senior year at University, Miller began writing for the South Hills Record, mixing humor into his sports reporting. When the paper changed its payment structure to pay around an eighth of a penny per column inch Miller quit, Miller graduated from Point Park in 1976 with a degree in journalism. Miller would later reflect on why he did not continue to pursue Journalism saying Im just not that interested in peoples business. After College Miller was unable to work in journalism
2.
Everybody Wants to Rule the World
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Everybody Wants to Rule the World is a song by English band Tears for Fears. Originally released in the UK on 22 March 1985 it was the ninth single release in the United Kingdom. It was their seventh UK Top 30 chart hit, peaking at two in April 1985. In the US, it was the single from the album and gave the band their first Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit on 8 June 1985. It also reached number one on both the Hot Dance Club Play and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales charts in the US, the song has since become the pinnacle of Tears for Fears chart success. In 1986, the song won Best Single at the Brit Awards, Everybody Wants to Rule the World was somewhat of an afterthought during the recording of Songs from the Big Chair. According to Roland Orzabal, he regarded the song as a lightweight that would not fit with the rest of the album. Originally, the lyrics of the song were everybody wants to go to war and it was producer Chris Hughes who convinced him to try recording it, in a calculated effort to gain American chart success. It was written and recorded in two weeks and was the track to be added to the Songs from the Big Chair album. The shuffle beat was alien to our way of doing things. It was jolly rather than square and rigid in the manner of Shout, the concept is quite serious – its about everybody wanting power, about warfare and the misery it causes. Everybody Wants to Rule the World is a new song set in the key of D major with a 128 time signature. As was the case with the three hit singles from Tears for Fears debut LP The Hurting, the featured bassist Curt Smith on lead vocals. In 1986, the song won Best Single at the Brit Awards, in 2015,30 years after its release, the song was honoured at the annual BMI Awards in London for achieving 6 million radio airplays. Pharaohs is the B-side to the Everybody Wants to Rule the World single, the title of the song is a play on the name of the Faroe Islands, one of the places referenced in the forecast. This is one of the few songs in the Tears for Fears catalogue on which founding member Curt Smith shares a writing credit. The song has since been included in the bands 1996 B-sides and rarities collection Saturnine Martial & Lunatic, as well as the remastered, pharaohs is also included on the Groove Armada compilation album Back to Mine. No matter how horrifying the conditions may really be, the reading the shipping forecast is deliberately calm
3.
Tears for Fears
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Tears for Fears are an English pop/rock band formed in Bath, Avon in 1981 by Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith. They were part of the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US and their second album contained two Billboard Hot 100 number ones, Shout and Everybody Wants to Rule the World, the latter winning the Brit Award for Best British Single in 1986. The duo re-formed in 2000 and released an album of new material, Everybody Loves a Happy Ending, since 2013, the duo have been working on their seventh album. Tears for Fears have sold over 30 million albums worldwide, Orzabal and Smith met as teenagers in Bath, Somerset, England. The duo became session musicians for the band Neon, where they first met future Tears For Fears drummer Manny Elias, Neon also featured Pete Byrne and Rob Fisher who went on to become Naked Eyes. Smith and Orzabals professional debut came with the band Graduate, a mod revival/new wave act, in 1980, Graduate released an album, Acting My Age, and a single Elvis Should Play Ska. The single just missed the top 100 in the UK, though it performed well in Spain and in Switzerland, by 1981, Orzabal and Smith had become more influenced by artists such as Talking Heads, Peter Gabriel and Brian Eno. They departed from Graduate and formed a band called History of Headaches, the bands name was inspired by primal therapy, developed by the American psychologist Arthur Janov, which gained tremendous publicity after John Lennon became Janovs patient in 1970. Many songs on their first two albums were related to Primal therapy, including the song Ideas as Opiates which was a chapter in Janovs book, Prisoners of Pain. As Tears for Fears, Orzabal and Smith intended to form the nucleus of the group, around this time they met local musician Ian Stanley who offered them free use of his home 8-track studio. Stanley began working with the duo as their player and. Their first single, Suffer the Children, was released on that label in November 1981, followed by the first edition of Pale Shelter in March 1982, though neither of these releases were successful. The band achieved their first taste of success with their single, Mad World. Their first album, The Hurting, was released in March 1983, the album, produced by Chris Hughes and Ross Cullum, showcased guitar and synthesiser-based songs with lyrics reflecting Orzabals bitter childhood. The Hurting may be considered Tears for Fears only true concept album, as references to emotional distress, the album itself was a big success and had a lengthy chart run in the UK, where it reached no.1 and platinum status. It also reached the top 20 in several countries and yielded the international hit singles Mad World, Change. All three of these reached the Top 5 in the UK. Towards the end of 1983, the released a new, slightly more experimental single, The Way You Are
4.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
5.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
6.
Michael J. Fuchs
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Michael J. Fuchs is an American executive producer for premium cable television network HBO. Fuchs is the son of Charles Fuchs a Real Estate Executive and he was educated at Union College in Schenectady, New York, where he obtained a BA in political science in 1967, and a law degree at New York University in law in 1971. After gaining experience in entertainment law, Fuchs joined HBO and became active in sports TV production, Fuchs held various senior positions by the early 1980s and was chief executive officer and chairman of the board in 1984. Then in May 1995 he became president of Time Warner and then chairman. Fuchs is also Chairman of the Bryant Park Corporation and is credited for being the inventor of the HBO Bryant Park Summer Movie Festival, one of New Yorks most popular free Summer events
7.
Rich Dahm
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Richard Dahm is an American comedy writer from Wisconsin. Currently a Co-Executive Producer on the sitcom The Middle, he was formerly Co-Executive Producer and he also wrote for Dennis Miller Live and Da Ali G Show. Dahm attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the late 1980s, where his career began as a writer for the then-new The Onion. He is the author of The Cultural Idiocy Quiz and co-author of several humor books. A six-time Emmy Award winner, Dahm currently resides in Los Angeles, with his wife, the Cultural Idiocy Quiz, Adams Media Corp,1997. ISBN 1-55850-796-5 Fanfare for the Area Man, The Onion Ad Nauseam Complete News Archives, Vol.15, ISBN 1-4000-5455-9 Rich Dahm at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Dominoes
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Dominoes or dominos is a family of games played with rectangular domino tiles. Each domino is a tile with a line dividing its face into two square ends. Each end is marked with a number of spots or is blank, the backs of the dominoes in a set are indistinguishable, either blank or having some common design. The domino gaming pieces make up a set, sometimes called a deck or pack. The traditional Sino-European domino set consists of 28 dominoes, featuring all combinations of spot counts between zero and six, a domino set is a generic gaming device, similar to playing cards or dice, in that a variety of games can be played with a set. The earliest mention of dominoes is from Song dynasty China found in the text Former Events in Wulin by Zhou Mi, modern dominoes first appeared in Italy during the 18th century, but how Chinese dominoes developed into the modern game is unknown. Italian missionaries in China may have brought the game to Europe, the name domino is most likely from the resemblance to a kind of carnival costume worn during the Venetian Carnival, often consisting of a black-hooded robe and a white mask. Contrary to the coinage of the word polyomino as a generalization, european-style dominoes are traditionally made of bone or ivory, or a dark hardwood such as ebony, with contrasting black or white pips. Alternatively, domino sets have made from many different natural materials, stone, other hardwoods, metals, ceramic clay. Modern sets also use a different color for the dots of each different end value to facilitate finding matching ends. Occasionally, one may find a set made of card stock like that for playing cards. Such sets are lightweight, compact, and inexpensive, and like cards are more susceptible to disturbances such as a sudden breeze. Sometimes, dominoes have a pin in the middle. Each progressively larger set increases the number of pips on an end by three, so the common extended sets are double-nine, double-12, double-15, and double-18. Andrew Lo asserts that Zhou Mi meant dominoes when referring to pupai, the earliest known manual written about dominoes is the 《宣和牌譜》 written by Qu You, but some Chinese scholars believe this manual is a forgery from a later time. In the Encyclopedia of a Myriad of Treasures, Zhang Pu described the game of laying out dominoes as pupai, although the character for pu had changed, traditional Chinese domino games include Tien Gow, Pai Gow, Che Deng, and others. Chinese dominoes with blank faces were known during the 17th century, many different domino sets have been used for centuries in various parts of the world to play a variety of domino games. Each domino originally represented one of the 21 results of throwing two six-sided dice, one half of each domino is set with the pips from one die and the other half contains the pips from the second die
9.
Close-up
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A close-up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object. Close-ups are one of the shots used regularly with medium shots. Close-ups display the most detail, but they do not include the broader scene, moving in to a close-up or away from a close-up is a common type of zooming. Most early filmmakers—such as Thomas Edison, Auguste and Louis Lumière and Georges Méliès—tended not to use close-ups and preferred to frame their subjects in long shots, film historians disagree as to which filmmaker first used a close-up. In 1901, James Williamson, also working in Hove, made perhaps the most extreme close-up of all in The Big Swallow, when his character approaches the camera and appears to swallow it. D. W. Griffith, who pioneered screen cinematographic techniques, for example, one of Griffiths short films, The Lonedale Operator, makes significant use of a close-up of a wrench that a character pretends is a gun. Lillian Gish remarked on Griffiths pioneering use of the close-up, The people in the front office got very upset and they came down and said, The public doesn’t pay for the head or the arms or the shoulders of the actor. Let’s give them their money’s worth. ’ Griffith stood very close to them and said, ‘Can you see my feet. ’ When they said no, he replied, I am using what the eyes can see. Close-ups are used in ways and for many reasons. They are often employed as cutaways from a distant shot to show detail, such as characters emotions. Close cuts to characters faces are used far more often in television than in movies, for a director to deliberately avoid close-ups may create in the audience an emotional distance from the subject matter. Close-ups are used for distinguishing main characters, major characters are often given a close-up when they are introduced as a way of indicating their importance. Leading characters will have multiple close-ups, there is a long-standing stereotype of insecure actors desiring a close-up at every opportunity and counting the number of close-ups they received. Close-up shots do not show the subject in the context of its surroundings. If overused, they may leave viewers uncertain as to what they are seeing, Close-ups are rarely done with wide-angle lenses, because perspective causes objects in the center of the picture to be unnaturally enlarged. Certain times, different directors will use wide-angle lenses, because they can convey the message of confusion, there are various degrees of close-up depending on how tight the shot is. The terminology varies between countries and even different companies, but in general these are, Medium Close Up, usually covers the subjects head and shoulders. Close Up, A certain feature, such as someones head, extreme Close Up, The shot is so tight that only a detail of the subject, such as someones eyes, can be seen
10.
Display device
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A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form. When the input information is supplied has a signal, the display is called an electronic display. Common applications for visual displays are televisions or computer monitors. Some displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters and they are called segment displays, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or liquid crystals and they are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators. There are several types, Seven-segment display Fourteen-segment display Sixteen-segment display HD44780 LCD controller a widely accepted protocol for LCDs and they use electro-mechanical parts to dynamically update a tactile image so that the image may be felt by the fingers. Optacon, using metal rods instead of light in order to convey images to blind people by tactile sensation, in the history of display technology, a variety of display devices and technologies have been used
11.
Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)
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In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or device that depicts the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. Pointed Roofs, the first work in Richardsons series of 13 semi-autobiographical novels titled Pilgrimage, is the first complete stream of consciousness novel published in English. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in thought. In stream of consciousness the speakers thought processes are often depicted as overheard in the mind. The term Stream of Consciousness was coined by philosopher and psychologist William James in The Principles of Psychology, consciousness, then and it is nothing joined, it flows. A river or a stream are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described, in talking of it hereafter, lets call it the stream of thought, consciousness, or subjective life. In a psychological sense, stream of consciousness is the subject‐matter and it has been suggested that Edgar Allan Poes short story The Tell-Tale Heart foreshadows this literary technique in the nineteenth-century. The short story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by another American author, Ambrose Bierce, because of his renunciation of chronology in favor of free association, Édouard Dujardins Les Lauriers sont coupés is also an important precursor. Indeed, the possibility of an influence is evoqued by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. Henry James has also suggested as a significant precursor, in a work as early as Portrait of a Lady. However, it has suggested that Arthur Schnitzler, in his short story Leutnant Gustl, was in fact the first to make full use of the stream of consciousness technique. But it is only in the twentieth-century that this technique is developed by modernists. The term was first applied in a context in The Egoist, April 1918, by May Sinclair. Possibly the most famous use of the came in 1922 with the publication of James Joyces Ulysses. Prominent uses in the years that followed include Italo Svevo, La coscienza di Zeno, Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and William Faulkner in The Sound and the Fury. Samuel Beckett, a friend of James Joyce, uses interior monologue in novels like Molloy, Malone meurt and Linnommable. the technique continued to be used into the 1970s in a novel such as Robert Anton Wilson/Robert Shea collaborative Illuminatus. With regard to which The Fortean Times warns readers, to e prepared for streams of consciousness in which not only identity but time and space no longer confine the narrative. With regard to Salman Rushdie one critic comments, that ll Rushdies novels follow an Indian/Islamic storytelling style, other writers who use this narrative device include Sylvia Plath in The Bell Jar and Irvine Welsh in Trainspotting
12.
Trademark
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The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, for the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are often displayed on company buildings. A trademark identifies the owner of a particular product or service. The unauthorized usage of trademarks by producing and trading counterfeit consumer goods is known as brand piracy, the owner of a trademark may pursue legal action against trademark infringement. Most countries require formal registration of a trademark as a precondition for pursuing this type of action, the United States, Canada and other countries also recognize common law trademark rights, which means action can be taken to protect an unregistered trademark if it is in use. Still, common law trademarks offer the holder in general less legal protection than registered trademarks. A trademark may be designated by the symbols, ™ ℠ ® A trademark is typically a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image. There is also a range of non-conventional trademarks comprising marks which do not fall into these categories, such as those based on colour, smell. Trademarks which are considered offensive are often rejected according to a nations trademark law, the term trademark is also used informally to refer to any distinguishing attribute by which an individual is readily identified, such as the well-known characteristics of celebrities. When a trademark is used in relation to services rather than products, it may sometimes be called a service mark, in other words, trademarks serve to identify a particular business as the source of goods or services. The use of a trademark in this way is known as trademark use, certain exclusive rights attach to a registered mark. Different goods and services have been classified by the International Classification of Goods, in trademark treatises it is usually reported that blacksmiths who made swords in the Roman Empire are thought of as being the first users of trademarks. Other notable trademarks that have used for a long time include Löwenbräu. The first trademark legislation was passed by the Parliament of England under the reign of King Henry III in 1266, the first modern trademark laws emerged in the late 19th century. In France the first comprehensive system in the world was passed into law in 1857 with the Manufacture. In Britain, the Merchandise Marks Act 1862 made it an offense to imitate anothers trade mark with intent to defraud or to enable another to defraud. In 1875 the Trade Marks Registration Act was passed which allowed formal registration of marks at the UK Patent Office for the first time. Registration was considered to comprise prima facie evidence of ownership of a trade mark, in the United States, Congress first attempted to establish a federal trademark regime in 1870
13.
Catchphrase
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A catchphrase is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, some become the de facto or literal trademark or signature of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh and he found that all of the participants in his study had used film quotes in conversation at one point or another. They overwhelmingly cited comedies, followed distantly by dramas and action adventure flicks, horror films, musicals and childrens films were hardly ever cited. List of catchphrases List of political catchphrases List of exclamations by Robin Category, Catchphrases Barba, Catchy Phrases, over 2000 Catchy Slogans Ideas, Powerful Copy Connectors, Catchy Phrases for Business Tag lines, Magnetic Blog Triggers. Catchphrase, Slogan and Cliché, the origins and meanings of our favourite expressions, a Dictionary of Catch Phrases, American and British, from the sixteenth century to the present day Lanham, Maryland, Scarborough House,1992. Planet Simpson, How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation
14.
Lactose
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Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose that is found in milk. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk, although the amount varies among species and individuals and it is extracted from sweet or sour whey. The name comes from lac, the Latin word for milk and it has a formula of C12H22O11 and the hydrate formula C12H22O11·H2O, making it an isomer of sucrose. The first crude isolation of lactose, by Italian physician Fabrizio Bartoletti, was published in 1633, in 1700, the Venetian pharmacist Lodovico Testi published a booklet of testimonials to the power of milk sugar to relieve, among other ailments, the symptoms of arthritis. In 1715, Testis procedure for making milk sugar was published by Antonio Vallisneri, lactose was identified as a sugar in 1780 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. In 1812, Heinrich Vogel recognized that glucose was a product of hydrolyzing lactose, in 1856, Louis Pasteur crystallized the other component of lactose, galactose. By 1894, Emil Fischer had established the configurations of the component sugars, lactose was named by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas in 1843. Lactose is a derived from the condensation of galactose and glucose. Lactose is hydrolysed to glucose and galactose, isomerised in alkaline solution to lactulose, lactose monohydrate crystals have a characteristic tomahawk shape that can be observed with a light microscope. Several million tons are produced annually as a by-product of the dairy industry, whey is made up of 6. 5% solids of which 4. 8% is lactose that may be purified by crystallisation. Whey or milk plasma is the liquid remaining after milk is curdled and strained, lactose makes up about 2–8% of milk by weight. Industrially, lactose is produced from whey permeate – that is whey filtrated for all major proteins, the protein fraction is used in infant nutrition and sport nutrition while the permeate can be evaporated to 60–65% solids and crystallized while cooling. Lactose can also be precipitated from whey using ethanol, since it is insoluble in ethanol, lactose precipitates, in about 65% yield. Infant mammals nurse on their mothers to drink milk, which is rich in lactose, the intestinal villi secrete the enzyme called lactase to digest it. This enzyme cleaves the molecule into its two subunits, the simple sugars glucose and galactose, which can be absorbed. Since lactose occurs mostly in milk, in most mammals, the production of lactase gradually decreases with maturity due to a lack of continuing consumption. Many people with ancestry in Europe, West Asia, South Asia, the Sahel belt in West Africa, East Africa, in many of these areas, milk from mammals such as cattle, goats, and sheep is used as a large source of food. Hence, it was in these regions that genes for lifelong lactase production first evolved, the genes of adult lactose tolerance have evolved independently in various ethnic groups
15.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
16.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
17.
TV.com
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TV. com is a website owned by CBS Interactive. The site covers television and focuses on English-language shows made or broadcast in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom. Australia and UK versions of the website are available, at au. tv. com and uk. tv. com. CNET originally acquired the name in the mid-1990s to host a website for the companys technology-related TV shows. One of these shows was titled TV. com, the program, highlighting the best of the Internet for new and casual computer users, aired in U. S. syndication. CNET then acquired TV Tome, a television database. TV. com was launched a few months after that acquisition on June 1,2005, many of the features and content from the original TV Tome site were maintained in the new TV. com site. On May 15,2008, CBS formally announced its purchase of CNET Networks, TV. com continually looked at innovating the television-viewing experience by incorporating it with technology, as seen with the creation of WatchList. This service offered personalized TV listings influenced by user actions and social media, TV Tome was an American website devoted to documenting English-language television shows and their production. It was run by volunteer editors, with the assistance of user contributions, the site was founded by John Nestoriak III. The site had over 2,500 complete television series guides, over 3,500 developing television series guides, in addition to the television series guides, TV Tome had a forum for each television series, with information regarding episodes, their interpretation, and general discussions. A spin-off site, Movie Tome, was established in August 2003, a video game tome and a music tome were originally planned as well, but such plans were abandoned with the purchase of TV Tome and Movie Tome by CNET. On April 22,2005, TV Tome officially announced its acquisition by CNET, CNET reportedly bought TV Tome for US $5 million in January 2005. CNET announced plans to relocate the site to its TV. com domain, a preliminary version of the new site launched on June 1,2005 and on June 13,2005, the site was permanently redirected to TV. com with an entirely new layout. TV. com provides show descriptions, cast and crew listings, full episodes, clip length videos, discussion forums, episode guides may include synopsis information, a recap, credits, notes, trivia, quotes, and images provided by the networks. All textual information in the guides is user-generated, after a user earns a certain number of points, s/he becomes an editor for the guide and can moderate user submissions. The site provides actor guides that include actor bios, credits, trivia, like show pages, users can become editors for these guides after earning points by providing sourced content. The sites mobile application allows users to video content, including clips and full length episodes
18.
The Alan Young Show
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The Alan Young Show is an American radio and television series presented in diverse formats over a nine-year period and starring British-Canadian-American actor Alan Young. The series began on NBC Radio as a summer replacement situation comedy in 1944 and it then moved to ABC Radio with Jean Gillespie portraying Youngs girlfriend Betty. The program was next broadcast by NBC for a 1946-47 run and was off in 1948 and it finished at No.22 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season. The show alternated weeks with Ken Murrays The Ken Murray Show under the title Time to Smile, in the last two weeks of the season, the format returned to its earlier style, but it was cancelled at the end of the season. The Alan Young Show received two Emmy Awards during its run, Internet Archive, The Alan Young Show Internet Archive, January 161951 episode The Alan Young Show at the Internet Movie Database The Alan Young Show clips at TV4u. com
19.
Your Show of Shows
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Your Show of Shows is a live 90-minute variety show that was broadcast weekly in the United States on NBC from February 25,1950, through June 5,1954, featuring Sid Caesar and Imogene Coca. Other featured performers were Carl Reiner, Howard Morris, Bill Hayes, Judy Johnson, The Hamilton Trio, josé Ferrer made several guest appearances on the series. In 2002, Your Show of Shows was ranked #30 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 2013, it was ranked #37 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. The 90-minute live series was produced by Sylvester Pat Weaver and directed by Max Liebman, Caesar, Coca, and Liebman had worked on Admiral Broadway Revue from January to June 1949. The Chicago portion was dropped at the end of the 1950-51 season, as author Ted Sennett described, stars Caesar, Coca, Carl Reiner, and Howard Morris. appeared in a series of superbly written sketches that poked fun at human foibles and pretensions. Alone onstage, Imogene Coca would make us laugh at a passion-ridden torch singer, or a daffy ballerina, or a sweet, wistful tramp. Together, Caesar and Coca would take us through the hilarious marital tribulations of Doris and Charlie Hickenlooper, Coca recalled, There was a special chemistry to Your Show of Shows, I think, because Max wasnt afraid to throw out material at the last minute. And I think when you do live television — well, we stopped for nothing and we had no cue cards, no TelePrompTers, and no ad-libbing on the air, because Max would have died if anybody had ad-libbed. It would have been utter disgrace, and you would have been drummed out of the corps. Nobody ever forgot a line, and that was the part of it. A common misconception is that Larry Gelbart wrote for Your Show of Shows, in fact, he wrote for its program, Caesars Hour. Likewise, Woody Allen did not write for Your Show of Shows, Carl Reiner has stated that the time he spent on Your Show of Shows was the inspiration for The Dick Van Dyke Show. Your Show of Shows also inspired the 1982 movie My Favorite Year, produced by Mel Brooks, by the 1953-1954 season, even though the ratings had slipped a little, Your Show of Shows remained extremely popular with viewers. However, in the spring of 1954, it was decided to break up the team of Caesar and Coca and, beginning in the fall of 1954. As a result, Your Show Of Shows ended its run on June 5,1954. In 1976, this was followed by a syndicated series. The Paley Center for Media in Manhattan and Beverly Hills, California holds an almost complete set of the series, and a set of master tapes of the 1976 syndicated series. In 2000, a cache of original scripts from the show were found in a closet of producer Max Liebman, the find made the front page of The New York Times
20.
Omnibus (U.S. TV series)
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Omnibus is an American, commercially sponsored, educational television series. Omnibus was created by the Ford Foundation, which sought to increase the level of the American public. The show was conceived by James Webb Young who hired Robert Saudek as producer, Saudek believed that Omnibus could raise the level of American taste with educational entertainment. The show was broadcast live, primarily on Sunday afternoons at 4, 00pm EST, Omnibus originally aired on CBS, and later on Sunday evenings on ABC. The show was never commercially viable on its own, and sources of funding dwindled after the Ford Foundation ended its sponsorship in 1957. That year, the moved to NBC, where it was irregularly scheduled until 1961. The shows first season had an audience of 4 million. ABC aired a brief revival of the series in 1981, the series won more than 65 awards, including eight Emmy Awards and two Peabody Awards. The series is held at The Library of Congress and Global ImageWorks, the Bernstein Omnibus programs were released in a 4-DVD set for Region 1 and Region 2 in 2010. The show, hosted by Alistair Cooke in his American television debut, featured programming about science, the arts. A heavily abridged version of Shakespeares King Lear starring Orson Welles, Leonard Bernstein and Jonathan Winters made their first television appearances in the series. Bernstein gave his first televised music lectures on the program, hans Conried was featured in the 1958 episode What Makes Opera Grand. An analysis by Leonard Bernstein showing the effect of music in opera. Conreid played Marcello in a dramatization of Act III of Puccinis La Bohème. The program demonstrated the effect of the music in La Bohème by having actors speak portions of the libretto in English, followed by opera singers singing the same lines in the original Italian
21.
Walt Disney anthology television series
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The series was broadcast on Sunday for 25 of those years. The show has had two hosts, Walt Disney and Disney Chairman Michael Eisner. The original version of the series premiered on ABC on Wednesday, the show is the second longest running prime-time program on American television, behind rival film anthology, the Hallmark Hall of Fame. However, Hallmark Hall of Fame aired as a program during its first five seasons before becoming a bi-monthly program. Disney wanted to produce a program in order to finance the development of the Disneyland amusement park. After being turned down by both CBS and NBC, Disney eventually signed a deal with ABC on March 29,1954, consequently, Davy Crockett and other pioneers of the Old West, and American history in general appeared in Frontier Land. Topics for Fantasy Land would include either actual cartoons, and animated films, excerpts from a True-Life Adventure documentary may also be included or those using stroboscopic stop-action photography, explaining the techniques of cartoon animation. The multi-plane camera used to create the effects of Bambi was also as a topic for a Fantasy Land-set telecast. Tomorrow Land was an opportunity for the Disney studio staff to present cutting-edge science and technology, and to predict possible futures, such as futuristic automobiles and this format remained basically unchanged through the 1980s, though new material was scarce in later years. Other episodes were segments from Disney films such as, or cartoons of Donald Duck, the program spawned the Davy Crockett craze of 1955 with the airing of a three-episode series about the historical American frontiersman, starring Fess Parker in the title role. Millions of dollars of merchandise relating to the character were sold. Three historically based hour-long programs aired during late 1954/early 1955, and were followed up by two dramatized installments the following year, the TV episodes were later edited into two theatrical films. On July 17,1955, the opening of Disneyland was covered on a television special, Dateline, Disneyland. It was hosted by Walt along with Bob Cummings, Art Linkletter and Ronald Reagan, and featured various other guests. In 1959, the series was retitled Walt Disney Presents and moved to a Friday night timeslot, by 1960, ABC had switched it to Sunday nights, where it would remain for 21 years. Although the basic format remained the same, the moved to NBC on September 24,1961 to take advantage of that networks ability to broadcast programming in color. In addition, Walt Disneys relationship with ABC had soured as the network resisted selling its stake in the park before doing so in 1960. Von Drake was the first Disney character created specifically for television, Walt Disney died on December 15,1966, twelve years after the anthology series premiered
22.
The Ed Sullivan Show
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The Ed Sullivan Show is an American TV variety show that ran on CBS from Sunday June 20,1948, to Sunday June 6,1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie, in 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked #15 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No.31 in TV Guide Magazines 60 Best Series of All Time, the format was essentially the same as vaudeville, and although vaudeville had died a generation earlier, Sullivan presented many ex-vaudevillians on his show. The last original Sullivan show telecast was on March 28,1971, with guests Melanie, Joanna Simon, Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass, repeats were scheduled through June 6,1971. While most of the episodes aired live from New York City, the show aired live on occasion from other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Australia. For many years, Ed Sullivan was an event each Sunday evening. In those days, we had six acts. Then, each of our acts would do a leisurely ten minutes or so, Now they do two or three minutes. And in those early days I talked too much, I look up at me talking away and I say You fool. But I just keep on talking, Ive learned how to keep my mouth shut. The show enjoyed phenomenal popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s and he was regarded as a kingmaker, and performers considered an appearance on his program as a guarantee of stardom, although this sometimes did not turn out to be the case. The shows iconic status is illustrated by the song Hymn for a Sunday Evening from the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie, in the song, a family of viewers expresses their regard for the program in worshipful tones. In September 1965, CBS started televising the program in compatible color, CBS had once backed its own color system, developed by Peter Goldmark, and resisted using RCAs compatible process until 1954. At that time, it built its first New York City color TV studio, Studio 72, in a former RKO movie theater at 2248 Broadway. One Ed Sullivan Show was broadcast on August 22,1954, from the new studio, CBS Studio 72 was demolished in 1986 and replaced by an apartment house. CBS Studio 50 was finally colorized in 1965, the 1965–66 season premiere starred the Beatles in an episode airing on September 12, which was the last episode to air in black and white. In the late 1960s, Sullivan remarked that his program was waning as the decade went on and he realized that to keep viewers, the best and brightest in entertainment had to be seen, or else the viewers were going to keep on changing the channel. Along with declining viewership, Ed Sullivan attracted a higher age for the average viewer as the seasons went on
23.
Your Hit Parade
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Your Hit Parade is an American radio and television music program that was broadcast from 1935 to 1955 on radio, and seen from 1950 to 1959 on television. It was sponsored by American Tobaccos Lucky Strike cigarettes, during this 24-year run, the show had 19 orchestra leaders and 52 singers or groups. Many listeners and viewers casually referred to the show with the incorrect title The Hit Parade, when the show debuted, there was no agreement as to what it should be called. The press referred to it in a variety of ways, with the most common being Hit Parade, The Hit Parade, and even The Lucky Strike Hit Parade. The programs title was not officially changed to Your Hit Parade until November 9,1935 Each Saturday evening, the earliest format involved a presentation of the top 15 songs. Later, a countdown with fanfares led to the top three finalists, with the one song for the finale. Occasional performances of standards and other songs from the past were known as Lucky Strike Extras. However, the procedure of this authentic tabulation remained a secret. Some believe song choices were often due to various performance. The shows ad agencies—initially Lord and Thomas and later Batten, Barton, the origins of the format can be traced back to the Lucky Strike Dance Orchestra, which aired from 1928 to 1931, sponsored by Lucky Strike cigarettes. Led by Benjamin A. Rolfe the show was heard on the NBC Red network for an hour at 10 p. m. on Saturdays, the program introduced the slogan, Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet. In a cross-promotion, Rolfe made recordings for Edison Records as B. A. Rolfe and your Hit Parade began on NBC April 20,1935, as a 60-minute program with 15 songs played in a random format. Initially, the songs were more important than the singers, so a stable of vocalists went uncredited and were paid only $100 per episode, in 1936-37, it was carried on both NBC and CBS. Script continuity in the late 1930s and early 1940s was written by Alan Jay Lerner before he found fame as a lyricist, the first number one song on the first episode was Soon by Bing Crosby. Some years passed before the format was introduced, with the number of songs varying from seven to 15. Vocalists in the 1930s included Buddy Clark, Lanny Ross, Kay Thompson and Bea Wain, who was married to the shows announcer, French-born André Baruch. Frank Sinatra joined the show in 1943, and was fired for messing up the No.1 song, Dont Fence Me In by interjecting a mumble to the effect that the song had too many words, an AFRS transcription survives of this show. One source says his contract was not renewed due to demanding a raise, as he zoomed in popularity he was rehired, returning to co-star with Doris Day
24.
Caesar's Hour
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Caesars Hour is a live, hour-long American sketch comedy television program that aired on NBC from 1954 until 1957. Nanette Fabray replaced Imogene Coca, who opted to star in her own TV series in 1954, the full two-hour special was available on VHS as a pledge premium from PBS. It was released on DVD for the first time on December 12,2011, the reunion featured Caesar with Mel Tolkin, Neil Simon, Danny Simon, Mel Brooks, Carl Reiner, Larry Gelbart, Sheldon Keller, Aaron Ruben and Gary Belkin. The moderator and researcher was Bob Claster, many of the sketches are centered on a domineering star who flames out, prefiguring Caesars post-series personal and career troubles. From July to September 1956, NBC ran The Ernie Kovacs Show as a replacement series for Caesars Hour. As with Your Show of Shows, most of the kinescopes of Caesars Hour do survive. Complete episodes and segments from the series survive at the UCLA Film and Television Archive in Los Angeles, California and The Paley Center for Media in Manhattan and Beverly Hills, Caesars Hour at the Internet Movie Database Caesars Hour at TV. com Caesars Writers
25.
The Dinah Shore Chevy Show
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The Dinah Shore Chevy Show is an American variety series hosted by Dinah Shore, and broadcast on NBC from October 1956 to May 1963. The program began as a series of nine monthly specials substituting in the time slot of the Gillette Cavalcade of Sports. NBC first tested the singing star in a long format with two prime time specials early in 1956. The first Chevy Show episode aired on October 5,1956, by this time, Shore was already a veteran television performer, having hosted five seasons of the 15-minute-long Dinah Shore Show, also sustained by Chevrolet. It was in its final season when The Dinah Shore Chevy Show was launched, the series featured celebrity guests from the worlds of music, theater, sports, and movies. During the fourth season, Carl Reiner was one of the writers and sometimes appeared on-camera as well. Into that time slot for the 1961-62 season, in her final season, from October 14,1962, to May 12,1963, she appeared on Sunday nights at 10 p. m. following Bonanza. After 12 years with NBC, Dinah signed with ABC-TV in the fall of 1964 hosting four hour long specials sponsored by Purex. In 1970 Dinah Shore returned as a staple of American television in various talk shows for NBC. The show won four Emmy Awards during its run, beginning in 2011 black-and-white kinescope episodes of the series have aired on the Jewish Life Television network
26.
The Garry Moore Show
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The Garry Moore Show is the name for several separate American variety series on the CBS television network in the 1950s and 1960s. The Garry Moore Show garnered a number of Emmy nominations and wins, the show originally started as a radio program, CBS eventually awarded Garry his own early evening television show in its place. Garrys radio partner since 1940, Durward Kirby, made the move to TV with him, the first incarnation of the show began in June 1950 as a Monday-through-Friday 30-minute evening series. It was also simulcast on radio, the show changed to a once-weekly one-hour format by August. In the fall of 1950 CBS rescheduled the show each weekday in the afternoon, the series featured a relaxed and flexible combination of comedy skits, monologues, singing, and interaction with the studio audience. The show became an important commercial success for CBS, in 1958, Moore ended the previous show because of his demanding work schedule, but he returned in the fall with a weekly hour-long evening series, with the same title and similar format. Allen Funts Candid Camera segments became a feature of this series. In 1959 Moore produced two LP records on the Warner Brothers label, That Wonderful Year,1930 and That Wonderful Year,1940. The cast of the version included Marion Lorne, and rising star Carol Burnett. In addition to the performances of the cast and guests, vocal performers included the George Becker Singers, bob Banner was the Executive Producer, Joe Hamilton was series Producer, and Irwin Kostal was the orchestra leader. In the summer of 1960, the series was replaced for nine weeks by the Patrick ONeal medical/police drama Diagnosis, Unknown. The Garry Moore Show was removed from the CBS line-up in 1964, Moore returned with yet another version of the show in the fall of 1966. Due to very tough competition from Bonanza on NBC, the show was canceled after four months. It was replaced on the CBS schedule by The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, as of 2012, at least four episodes of the second version of the show are available on DVD. - The Garry Moore Show Presents, A Carol Burnett Christmas features the Christmas episodes from 1959,1960 and 1961, guests included Mahalia Jackson and Henry Morgan, Jonathan Winters and Louise OBrien, and Julie Andrews and Gwen Verdon. The 1961 show includes Julies earliest televised recording of My Favorite Things, - The Carol Burnett Show, Carols Favorites includes as a bonus feature the March 6,1962 episode where Burnett, playing Supergirl, delivers her first televised Tarzan yell. Museum of Broadcast Communications page for Garry Moore The Garry Moore Show at the Internet Movie Database Summary web site for the 1958–64 and 1966–67 versions of The Garry Moore Show
27.
The Andy Williams Show
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The Andy Williams Show was an American television variety show that ran from 1962 to 1971, and a short-lived run in syndication, beginning in the fall of 1976. It was hosted by crooner Andy Williams, the weekly, year-round series premiered on NBC in 1962, where it ran until 1967, then was revived from 1969 through 1971. During the fall of 1963, the show aired two weeks, rather than weekly, alternating with the television version of The Bell Telephone Hour. When the show first started, it was tailored to Williamss pop music stylings aimed for adult viewers, during its five-year run on NBC, The Andy Williams Show drew respectable ratings, although it never made the list of the top thirty programs. For this show, the audience sat on risers which moved around the stage. This show lasted for two years and was cancelled in 1971 as part of a purging of shows that skewed toward older or rural viewers. After the cancellation, Williams continued to produce seasonal specials in lieu of a weekly series, although the show was generally categorized as a musical variety show, it was also very popular in part for its wacky comedy skits. Crazed acrobats The Flying Silverman Brothers would hurtle across the screen, a giant talking bee would offer snide comments and this send-off, which became a catchphrase of the time, was funny due to its contrast with the suave performing demeanor Williams was known for. The bear would then turn to the camera, utter some depressed line and this bit was often at the very end of the show. Andy would start to sing his signature song Moon River, but was almost immediately interrupted by the bear, by the time Andy got rid of the bear, there was no time left to finish the song. Five years after his second run at NBC had ended, Williams tried his hand at a half-hour weekly variety show. But it lasted one season
28.
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
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Rowan & Martins Laugh-In is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for 140 episodes from January 22,1968, to March 12,1973, on the NBC television network. Laugh-In originally aired as a special on September 9,1967. In 2002, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In was ranked number 42 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the show was characterized by a rapid-fire series of gags and sketches, many of which conveyed sexual innuendo or were politically charged. The co-hosts continued the exasperated straight man and dumb guy act which they had established as nightclub comics, each episode followed a somewhat similar format, often including recurring sketches. The show started with a dialogue between Rowan and Martin. Shortly afterward, Rowan would intone, Cmon Dick, lets go to the party, the show then proceeded through rapid-fire comedy bits, taped segments, and recurring sketches. The Rompus Room cocktail party was similar in format to the Word Dance segments of A Thurber Carnival, at the end of every show, Rowan turned to his co-host and said, Say good night, Dick, to which Martin replied, Good night, Dick. The show then featured cast members opening panels in a psychedelically painted joke wall, although most episodes include most of the above segments, the arrangement of the segments was often interchanged. The show often featured guest stars, Ruth Buzzi, Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Larry Hovis, Arte Johnson, and Jo Anne Worley appeared in the pilot special from 1967. Only the two hosts, announcer Gary Owens, and Buzzi, Carne, Gibson, and Johnson, were in all 14 episodes of season one, eileen Brennan, Hovis, and Roddy Maude-Roxby left after the first season. The second season had a handful of new people, including Alan Sues, Dave Madden, All of the new cast members from season two left at the end of that season, except Alan Sues, who stayed on until 1972. At the end of the 1968–69 season, Carne chose not to renew her contract, the third season had several new people who only stayed on for that season, Teresa Graves, Jeremy Lloyd, Pamela Rodgers, and Byron Gilliam. Lily Tomlin joined in the middle of the season, Jo Anne Worley, Goldie Hawn, and Judy Carne left after the season. Arte Johnson, who created many characters, insisted on star billing. The producer mollified him, but had announcer Gary Owens read Johnsons credit as a sentence, Starring Dan Rowan. This maneuver gave Johnson star billing, but made it sound like he was part of the ensemble cast. Johnson left the show after the 1970–71 season, Henry Gibson also departed after the 1970–71 season. Johnson and he were replaced by former Hogans Heroes stars Richard Dawson and Larry Hovis, however, the loss of Johnsons many popular characters caused ratings to drop further
29.
David Frost
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Sir David Paradine Frost, OBE was an English journalist, comedian, writer, media personality and television host. After graduating from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, Frost rose to prominence in the UK when he was chosen to host the satirical programme That Was the Week That Was in 1962 and his success on this show led to work as a host on US television. Frost was one of the Famous Five who were behind the launch of ITV breakfast station TV-am in 1983, for the BBC, he hosted the Sunday morning interview programme Breakfast with Frost from 1993 to 2005. He spent two decades as host of Through the Keyhole, from 2006 to 2012 he hosted the weekly programme Frost Over the World on Al Jazeera English and from 2012, the weekly programme The Frost Interview. Frost died on 31 August 2013, aged 74, on board the cruise ship MS Queen Elizabeth, in March 2014, his memorial stone was unveiled in Poets Corner, Westminster Abbey for his contribution to British culture. Frost attended Barnsole Road Primary School in Gillingham, St Hughs School, Woodhall Spa, Gillingham Grammar School, throughout his school years he was an avid football and cricket player, and was offered a contract with Nottingham Forest F. C. For two years going to university he was a lay preacher following his witnessing of an event presided over by the Christian evangelist Billy Graham. Frost studied at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge, from 1958 and he was editor of both the universitys student paper, Varsity, and the literary magazine Granta. He was also secretary of the Footlights Drama Society, which included such as Peter Cook. During this period, Frost appeared on television for the first time in an edition of Anglia Televisions Town And Gown, the first time I stepped into a television studio, he once remembered, it felt like home. Talking to the camera seemed the most natural thing in the world, according to some accounts, Frost was the victim of snobbery from the group with which he associated at Cambridge, which has been confirmed by Barry Humphries. Christopher Booker, while asserting that Frosts one defining characteristic was ambition, after leaving university, Frost became a trainee at Associated-Rediffusion. Meanwhile, having gained an agent, Frost performed in cabaret at the Blue Angel nightclub in Berkeley Square. The series, which ran for less than 18 months during 1962–63, was part of the boom in early 1960s Britain. The involvement of Frost in TW3 led to an intensification of the rivalry with Peter Cook who accused him of stealing material, the new satirical magazine Private Eye also mocked him at this time. Frost visited the United States during the break between the two series of TW3 in the summer of 1963 and stayed with the producer of the New York production of Beyond The Fringe. Frost was unable to swim, but still jumped into the pool, at the memorial service for Cook in 1995, Alan Bennett recalled that rescuing Frost was the one regret Cook frequently expressed. For the first three editions of the series in 1963, the BBC attempted to limit the team by scheduling repeats of The Third Man television series after the programme
30.
The Flip Wilson Show
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The Flip Wilson Show was an hour-long variety show that aired in the U. S. on NBC from September 17,1970 to June 27,1974. Specifically, it was the first successful network variety series starring an African American, during its first two seasons, its Nielsen ratings made it the nations second most watched show. The show consisted of many skits over 60 minutes and it also broke new ground in American television by using a theatre-in-the-round stage format, with the audience seated on all sides of a circular performance area. Wilson was most famous for creating the role of Geraldine Jones, Flip also created the role of Reverend Leroy, who was the minister of the Church of Whats Happening Now. New parishioners were wary of coming to the church as it was hinted that Reverend Leroy was a con artist, Wilson popularized such catchphrases as What you see is what you get, and The Devil made me do it. Geraldine Jones was a part of The Flip Wilson Show and was played by Wilson wearing womens clothing. Some of Geraldines most famous quotes are, The Devil made me buy this dress, dont you touch me, honey, you dont know me that well. And What you see is what you get, in one episode of the show, Geraldine and Bill Cosby were in a skit called The Night Nurse in which Geraldine and Bill were in a hospital. Cosby was supposed to be the patient and Geraldine was the nurse. She was convinced that he was there for a swollen ego and it ends with Geraldine lying in the hospital bed watching her favorite show, Iron Hips, while Cosby leaves. In another, she is with Ray Charles and presents him with a reward from the Ray Charles Fan Club, which is a kiss on the cheek. Ray asks what he can do for her, and she says that she has been rehearsing a song in the shower for the past week that she wanted to sing with him. All in all, Geraldine Jones was a favorite of Flip Wilson Show fans, and a part of the show. In addition to the skits, Wilson also signed many popular singers to provide entertainment, usually, the singers also chose to partake in skits with Wilson. Wilsons clout allowed him to get both the new breakout performers as well as established singers, in late 1971, gospel legend Mahalia Jackson made one of her last public performances on The Flip Wilson Show. While The Flip Wilson Show first shared a studio with other series, Wilsons massive popularity allowed for him to get his own set of soundstages. As the seasons went on, however, the ratings slipped. This, coupled with Wilsons repeated demands for higher raises in his salary, caused the series to go over its budget, half-hour versions of the series aired on TV Land from 1997 to 2005
