1.
Club (organization)
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A club is an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal. A service club, for example, exists for voluntary or charitable activities, there are clubs devoted to hobbies and sports, social clubs, political and religious clubs. Historically, clubs occurred in all ancient states of which we have detailed knowledge, once people started living together in larger groups, there was need for people with a common interest to be able to associate despite having no ties of kinship. Organizations of the sort have existed for years, as evidenced by Ancient Greek clubs. It is uncertain whether the use of the club originated in its meaning of a knot of people. The oldest English clubs were merely informal periodic gatherings of friends for the purpose of dining or drinking with one another, thomas Occleve mentions such a club called La Court de Bonne Compagnie, of which he was a member. In 1659 John Aubrey wrote, “We now use the word clubbe for a sodality in a tavern. ”Of early clubs the most famous, John Selden, John Donne, John Fletcher and Francis Beaumont were among the members. Another such club, founded by Ben Jonson, met at the Devil Tavern near Temple Bar, the word “club, ” in the sense of an association to promote good-fellowship and social intercourse, became common in England at the time of Tatler and The Spectator. With the introduction of coffee-drinking in the middle of the 17th century, the coffee houses of the later Stuart period are the real originals of the modern clubhouse. The clubs of the late 17th and early 18th century type resembled their Tudor forerunners in being oftenest associations solely for conviviality or literary coteries, but many were confessedly political, e. g. The Rota, or Coffee Club, a society for the spread of republican ideas, broken up at the Restoration in 1660, the Calves Head Club. The characteristics of all clubs were, No permanent financial bond between the members, each man’s liability ending for the time being when he had paid his “score” after the meal. No permanent clubhouse, though each clique tended to some special coffee house or tavern their headquarters. ”So unpopular was this proclamation that it was almost instantly found necessary to withdraw it. The idea of the club developed in two directions, one was of a permanent institution with a fixed clubhouse. g. These still exist today as the famous gentlemens clubs, the peripatetic lifestyle of the 18th and 19th century middle classes also drove the development of more residential clubs, which had bedrooms and other facilities. Clubbing with a number of like-minded friends to secure a large shared house with a manager was therefore a convenient solution, the other sort of club meets occasionally or periodically and often has no clubhouse, but exists primarily for some specific object. Such are the many athletic, sports and pastimes clubs. The institution of the club has spread all over the English-speaking world
2.
Renaissance Revival architecture
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The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe, particularly in France and Italy, has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture. The movement grew from scientific observations of nature, in human anatomy. Neo-Renaissance architecture is formed by not only the original Italian architecture, in England the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as Longleat House. Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture and this is particularly evident at Hatfield House built between 1607 and 1611, where medieval towers jostle with a large Italian cupola. If this were not confusing enough, the new Neo-Renaissance then frequently borrowed architectural elements from the succeeding Mannerist period, mannerism and Baroque being two very opposing styles of architecture. Mannerism was exemplified by the Palazzo del Te and Baroque by the Wurzburg Residenz, as a consequence a self-consciously Neo-Renaissance manner first began to appear circa 1840. By 1890 this movement was already in decline, the Hagues Peace Palace completed in 1913, in a heavy French Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style. Charles Barry introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the Travellers Club, the style is characterized by original Renaissance motifs, taken from such Quattrocento architects as Alberti. These motifs included rusticated masonry and quoins, windows framed by architraves and doors crowned by pediments, if a building were of several floors the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor mezzanine floor of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate Romanesque and Baroque features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was more severe in its design. Like all architectural styles the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly, one of the very first signs of its emergence was the Würzburg Womens Prison, which was erected in 1809 designed by Peter Speeth. This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the USA during the 1880s, richardsons style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both Romanesque and Renaissance features. This was exemplified by his Marshall Field Warehouse in Chicago, however, while the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came between was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of the opera houses of the Europe, such as Gottfried Sempers Burgtheater in Vienna. This ornate form of the Neo-Renaissance, originating from France, is known as the Second Empire style. By 1875 it had become the style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. In England, where Sir George Gilbert Scott designed the London Foreign Office in this style between 1860 and 1875, it also incorporated certain Palladian features. In Austria, it was pioneered by such names as Rudolf Eitelberger
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Albert Kahn (architect)
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Albert Kahn was the foremost American industrial architect of his day. He is sometimes called the architect of Detroit, in 1943, the Franklin Institute awarded him the Frank P. Brown Medal posthumously. Kahn was born to a Jewish family on March 21,1869 in Rhaunen, Kahn came to Detroit in 1880, at the age of 11. His father Joseph was trained as a rabbi, his mother Rosalie had a talent for the visual arts, as a teenager, he got a job at the architectural firm of Mason and Rice. Kahn won a scholarship to study abroad in Europe, where he toured with another young architecture student, Henry Bacon. In 1895, he founded the architectural firm Albert Kahn Associates, together with his younger brother Julius, he developed a new style of construction where reinforced concrete replaced wood in factory walls, roofs, and supports. This gave better protection and allowed large volumes of unobstructed interior. Packard Motor Car Companys factory, designed in 1903, was the first development of this principle, the success of the Packard plant interested Henry Ford in Kahns designs. Kahn designed Ford Motor Companys Highland Park plant, begun in 1909, Kahn later designed, in 1917, the massive half-mile-long Ford River Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Michigan. The Rouge grew into the largest manufacturing complex in the U. S. with a force that peaked at 120,000 workers, Kahn was responsible for many of the buildings and houses built under direction of the Hiram Walker family in Walkerville, Ontario, including Willistead Manor. Kahn also designed the landmark 28-story Art Deco Fisher Building in Detroit, in 1928, the Fisher building was honored by the Architectural League of New York as the years most beautiful commercial structure. Between 1917 and 1929, he designed the headquarters for all three daily newspapers in Detroit. On January 9,1930, a contract with Kahn was signed for his firm to become consulting architects for all industrial construction in the Soviet Union. Kahn also designed many of the buildings at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. These include the Burton Memorial Tower, Hill Auditorium, Hatcher Graduate Library, Kahn said later in life that out of all the buildings he designed, he wanted most to be remembered for his work on the William L. Clements Library. A frequent collaborator with Kahn was architectural sculptor Corrado Parducci, in all, Parducci worked on about 50 Kahn commissions including banks, office buildings, newspaper buildings, mausoleums, hospitals and private residences. Kahns firm designed a number of the army airfield and naval bases for the United States government during World War I. By World War II, Kahns 600-person office was involved in making Detroit an important element of Americas Arsenal of Democracy, in 1937, Albert Kahn Associates was responsible for 19 percent of all architect-designed factories in the U. S
5.
Gentlemen's club
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Today, some clubs are more accommodating about the gender and social status of their members. The original clubs were established in the West End of London, today, the area of St Jamess is still sometimes called clubland. Clubs took over parts of the role occupied by coffee houses in 18th century London. The first clubs, such as Whites, Brookss and Boodles, were aristocratic in flavour, and provided an environment for gambling, the 19th century brought an explosion in the popularity of clubs, particularly around the 1880s. At their height, London had over 400 such establishments and this expansion can be explained in part by the large extensions of the franchise in the Reform Acts of 1832,1867, and 1885. Each time, hundreds of more men were qualified to vote. Each of the three great Reform Acts corresponded with an expansion of clubs, as did a further extension of the franchise in 1918. Many of these new, more inclusive clubs proved just as reluctant as their forebears to admit new members when the franchise was further extended. Club Life in London, an 1866 book, begins, The Club in the general acceptation of the term, may be regarded as one of the earliest offshoots of mans habitual gregariousness and social inclination. An increasing number of clubs were characterised by their members interest in politics, literature, sport, art, automobiles, travel, particular countries, or some other pursuit. In other cases, the connection between the members was membership of the branch of the armed forces, or the same school or university. Thus the growth of clubs provides an indicator as to what was considered a part of the Establishment at the time. This came to include professionals who had to earn their income, most gentlemen had only one club, which closely corresponded with the trade or social / political identity he felt most defined him, but a few people belonged to several. Members of the aristocracy and politicians were likely to have several clubs, the record number of memberships is believed to have been with Earl Mountbatten, who had nineteen in the 1960s. Public entertainments, such as performances and the like, were not a feature of this sort of club. The clubs were, in effect, second homes in the centre of London where men could relax, mix with their friends, play games, get a meal. Expatriates, when staying in England, could use their clubs, as the East India Club or the Oriental Club and they allowed upper- and upper-middle-class men with modest incomes to spend their time in grand surroundings. The richer clubs were built by the architects as the finest country houses of the time
6.
Palazzo Farnese
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Palazzo Farnese or Farnese Palace is one of the most important High Renaissance palaces in Rome. Owned by the Italian Republic, it was given to the French government in 1936 for a period of 99 years, and currently serves as the French embassy in Italy. First designed in 1517 for the Farnese family, the expanded in size and conception when Alessandro Farnese became Pope Paul III in 1534. Its building history involved some of the most prominent Italian architects of the 16th century, including Michelangelo, Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, work was interrupted by the Sack of Rome in 1527. The massive palace block and its facade dominate the Piazza Farnese, when Paul appeared on the balcony, the entire facade became a setting for his person. The courtyard, initially open arcades, is ringed by an exercise in ascending orders. The piano nobile entablature was given a frieze with garlands, added by Michelangelo, while the practicalities of achieving this bridge remain dubious, the idea was a bold and expansive one. During the 16th century, two large granite basins from the Baths of Caracalla were adapted as fountains in the Piazza Farnese, the palazzo was further modified for the papal nephew Ranuccio Farnese by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola. It was completed for the second Cardinal Alessandro Farnese by Giacomo della Portas porticoed facade towards the Tiber which was finished in 1589, following the death of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese in 1626, the palazzo stood virtually uninhabited for twenty years. At the conclusion of the War of Castro with the papacy, Duke Odoardo was able to regain his family properties, the resulting inventory is the oldest surviving complete inventory of Palazzo Farnese. After Odoardos death, Pope Alexander VII allowed Queen Christina of Sweden to lodge in the palace for several months, other rooms have frescoes by Daniele da Volterra and by other artists. For generations, the room with Herculean frescoes accommodated the famous Greco-Roman antique sculpture known as the Farnese Hercules, other works from the family collection of classical sculpture were also housed in the palace. One of the vault and ceiling fresco by Annibale Carracci is Galleria Farnese and this large central scene depicts the triumphal progress of Bacchus and Ariadne. Two smaller paintings are attached to the top and bottom of the central picture, USA, the Chief Secretary’s Building in Sydney, Australia, and the Royal Palace, Stockholm. In England Charles Barrys great admiration for the building led him to use it as the model for Londons Reform Club, in Puccinis opera Tosca, set in Napoleonic Rome, the heroines confrontation with the malevolent Chief of Police, Scarpia, takes place in Palazzo Farnese. The Palazzo was inherited from the Farnese by the Bourbon kings of Naples, though the government of Benito Mussolini ransomed it in 1936, the French Embassy remains, under a 99-year lease for which they pay the Italian government a symbolic fee of 1 euro per month. The Palazzo Farnese houses the great scholarly library amassed by the Ecole Française de Rome, concentrating especially on the archeology of Italy, the first three volumes are, F. C. Uginet, Le palais farnèse à travers les documents financiers. Ecole Française de Rome I.1 and I.2, Étude des manuscrits latins et en langue vernaculaire
7.
Ty Cobb
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Tyrus Raymond Ty Cobb, nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia, Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the teams player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb 3rd on their list of Baseballs 100 Greatest Players, Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 MLB records during his career. He still holds records as of the end of the 2016 season, including the highest career batting average. He still holds the record for stealing home and for stealing second base, third base, and home in succession. Cobb ranks fifth all-time in number of games played and committed 271 errors, Cobbs legacy as an athlete has sometimes been overshadowed by his surly temperament and aggressive playing style, which was described by the Detroit Free Press as daring to the point of dementia. Cobb himself wrote shortly before his death, In legend I am a sadistic, Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first, with his spikes high. Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a rural community of farmers that was not an official city or village at the time. He was the first of three born to William Herschel Cobb and Amanda Chitwood Cobb. Cobbs father was a state senator, when he was still an infant, his parents moved to nearby Royston, where he was raised. He played his first years in organized baseball for the Royston Rompers, the semi-pro Royston Reds, and he then tried out for the Anniston Steelers of the semipro Tennessee–Alabama League, with his fathers stern admonition ringing in his ears, Dont come home a failure. Eventually, Rice wrote a note in the Journal that a young fellow named Cobb seems to be showing an unusual lot of talent. After about three months, Cobb returned to the Tourists and finished the season hitting.237 in 35 games, in August 1905, the management of the Tourists sold Cobb to the American Leagues Detroit Tigers for US$750. On August 8,1905, Cobbs mother fatally shot his father with a pistol that his father had purchased for her, court records indicate that Mr. Cobb had suspected his wife of infidelity and was sneaking past his own bedroom window to catch her in the act. She saw the silhouette of what she presumed to be an intruder and, acting in self-defense, shot, Mrs. Cobb was charged with murder and then released on a $7,000 recognizance bond. She was acquitted on March 31,1906, Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, I did it for my father. He never got to see me play, but I knew he was watching me, and I never let him down. In 1911, Cobb moved to Detroits architecturally significant and now historically protected Woodbridge neighborhood, the Victorian duplex in which Cobb lived still stands
8.
Comerica Park
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Comerica Park is an open-air ballpark located in Downtown Detroit. It serves as the home of the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball, the park is named after Comerica Bank, which was founded in Detroit and was based there when the park opened. Comericas headquarters have since moved to Dallas, though the bank still retains a large presence in Detroit. The stadiums seating capacity is 41,297, there is a Detroit People Mover station about a block from the stadium. Comerica Park sits on the site of the Detroit College of Law. Since their founding in 1901, the Tigers had played at the corner of Michigan, for the last 88 of those years, they played at what eventually became Tiger Stadium. By the mid-1990s, it had become apparent that the park could not be renovated any further. Groundbreaking for a new ballpark to replace Tiger Stadium for the Tigers was held on October 29,1997, at the time of construction, the scoreboard in left field was the largest in Major League Baseball. The first game was held on April 11,2000, against the Seattle Mariners, the new stadium is part of a downtown revitalization plan for the city of Detroit, which included the construction of Ford Field, adjacent to the park. In December 1998, Comerica Bank agreed to pay $66 million over 30 years for the rights for the new ballpark. Upon its opening, there was effort to try to find a nickname for the park. It is often referred to simply as Comerica, the first playoff game at Comerica was played on October 6,2006 against the New York Yankees. It hosted its first World Series later that month, in contrast to Tiger Stadium, which had long been considered one of the most hitter-friendly parks in baseball, Comerica Park is considered to be extremely friendly to pitchers. Except for dead center—420 feet versus Tiger Stadiums 440 feet —the outfield dimensions were more expansive than those at Tiger Stadium and this led to complaints from players and fans alike, most famously from Bobby Higginson who sarcastically called the venue Comerica National Park. As Minute Maid Park has reduced its center field fence from 436 feet to 409 feet in 2017,420 feet is the longest in baseball. Although a few public figures—notably radio announcer Ernie Harwell—supported the dimensions, most agreed that the wall, in particular. Before the 2003 MLB season the club did so, moving the distance from left-center field from 395 to 370 feet and this also removed the flagpole from the field of play, originally incorporated as an homage to Tiger Stadium. Two years later, the bullpens were moved from field to an empty area in left field created when the fence was moved in
9.
Palazzo Borghese
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Palazzo Borghese is a palace in Rome, Italy, the main seat of the Borghese family. It was nicknamed il Cembalo due to its unusual trapezoidal groundplan, both these entrances lead into a large courtyard on one side of which is a two level open arcade, with paired Doric and Ionic columns, that frames the garden beyond. Ackerman and followed by scholars since, with more or less reduced interventions by Longhi. Longhi was retained by Pedro Cardinal Deza, who bought the property in 1587, Cardinal Camillo Borghese purchased the structure in 1604 and acquired further adjacent properties towards the river. Ponzio extended the square courtyard from five to seven bays, and he also constructed the secondary facade onto the Piazza Borghese and down towards the Tiber, with balconies above the rusticated entrance on the Via di Ripetta. On the death of his uncle, Cardinal Scipione Borghese took up residence and undertook changing the garden to a loggia, the Porto di Ripetta, the port of Rome, was along the river bank of the Via di Ripetta. From 1707, the Tiber side of Palazzo Borghese would have overlooked the scenographic steps of the Porto di Ripetta designed by Alessandro Specchi, the port was destroyed in the 19th century with the development of Lungotevere. The main façades have three stories with two mezzanines inserted between them and the two majestic portals are flanked by columns and a balcony, through the portal on the Piazza Fontanella Borghese, a view across the courtyard is centred on one of the wall fountains in the garden beyond. The court has been described as one of the most spectacular existing, Palazzo Borghese was the original seat of the familys art collection, with works by Raphael, Titian and many others, transferred in 1891 to the Galleria Borghese in Villa Borghese. The balcony scene in the 1968 film Romeo and Juliet was filmed here, Villa Borghese Galleria Borghese Fischer, Heinz-Joachim. Zweieinhalb Jahrtausende Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur der Ewigen Stadt, the Palazzo Borghese Biographies of Longhi and Ponzio are in appendices. Touring Club Italiano, Roma e Dintorni Page with ancient print of the palace
10.
Gary, Indiana
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Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States,25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. The population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census, from the middle of the twentieth century to the present, Gary has experienced drastic population loss, falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and borders Lake Michigan, the city is known for its large steel mills, and for being the birthplace of The Jackson 5 music group. Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant, the city was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation. Gary was the site of civil unrest in the Steel Strike of 1919, on October 4,1919, a riot broke out on Broadway, the main north-south street through downtown Gary, between striking steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside. Three days later, Indiana governor James P. Goodrich declared martial law, shortly thereafter, over 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order. The jobs offered by the industry provided Gary with very rapid growth. At that time,19. 3% of the population was classified as foreign-born, Gary was also becoming increasingly racially diverse, with 17. 8% of the population classified as black, and 3. 5% as Mexican. Garys fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry, the growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway was known as a center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area, in the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Garys decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, the U. S. Steel Gary Works employed over 30,000 in 1970, declined to just 6,000 by 1990, and further declined to 5,100 in August of 2015. As the city declined, crime increased, rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. Non-whites were primarily restricted to live in the Midtown section just south of downtown, Gary had one of the nations first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention. Since the 1930s, Gary had developed a reputation as a city due to rampant political corruption, racial violence & segregation, labor unrest. In the 1960s through the 1980s, surrounding localities such as Merrillville and Crown Point experienced rapid growth, including new homes. Owing to white flight, economic distress, and a perception of skyrocketing crime, many middle-class, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African-Americans of U. S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84%. This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents, as of 2013, the Gary Department of Redevelopment has estimated that one-third of all homes in the city are unoccupied and/or abandoned
11.
Mackenzie High School (Michigan)
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Mackenzie High School was a public high school in Detroit, Michigan. A native of Detroit, David Mackenzie was born in 1860, Mackenzie High School was among the first schools constructed on land acquired through Detroits westernmost annexation efforts in Greenfield Township, by 1926 the township had ceased to exist. Adorned in blue and yellow tile from the Pewabic Pottery Works, in an effort to make efficient use of available classrooms, the schools early history featured a full range of grade levels – elementary through secondary. An amusing article appeared in the January 1930 edition of The DIAL, over the next quarter century, throughout the Great Depression and a booming World War II-era economy to follow, Mackenzie High School grew in-step with a thriving and vital Detroit. By the mid-1940s, Detroits population exceeded 1.6 million, nearly five thousand students attended Mackenzie in 1950, making it one of the largest public schools in the state of Michigan. Inevitably, the post-war economy cooled, Detroits automobile production slowed, in a densely populated city of 1.8 million, Detroiters would once again look for greener pastures, by the early 1950s, Detroits population was in decline. The 1950s and 60s also marked a time of social change. Thanks in-part to favorable Supreme Court decisions and subsequent federal fair housing legislation, Detroits black citizenry was no longer restricted to the lower east side, an aura of cautious hope was tempered by resistance, antipathy and outright lawlessness. Furthermore, a sense of mistrust and uneasiness had taken following the January 1954 post-game stabbing of a Mackenzie basketball player at Central High. Nationwide publicity of the attack led to an immediate Board of Education ban on nighttime athletic events for Detroit public schools. Yet, during the early 1960s, there was positive change taking place in Detroit, mayor, Jerome P. Cavanagh encouraged citizens to embrace a bold new era, the national media referred to Detroit as a model city of intercultural harmony. Americas love affair with the car resulted in an auto industry upswing. In June 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and 125,000 Detroiters - of all colors - embarked on a Walk to Freedom down Woodward Avenue. Despite the upbeat mood, a decline in Detroits population had gained noticeable momentum by the mid-1960s. By the late 1960s, much of the United States was rife with social and political unrest, emotionally charged issues, in Detroit, downscaled production and subsequent layoffs in the automotive industry only made matters worse. In July 1967, a raid at an illegal drinking establishment escalated to five nights of deadly rioting on Detroits lower west side, less than nine months later. On April 5,1968 – the day that followed the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. – random violence gripped several Detroit schools, beyond 1968 and into the early 1970s, increasingly chaotic disturbances became commonplace. At Mackenzie, Mumford and Cooley High School, sit-ins, walkouts and physical assaults spilled from classrooms to hallways, carloads of youthful agitators were also observed at Cody, Redford, Henry Ford, and suburban Oak Park High School, teachers, administrators and board officials were overwhelmed
12.
Silver medal
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The outright winner receives a gold medal and the third place a bronze medal. More generally, silver is traditionally a metal used for all types of high-quality medals. In 1896, winners medals were in fact silver, the custom of gold-silver-bronze for the first three places dates from the 1904 games and has been copied for many other sporting events. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the host city, from 1972–2000, Cassiolis design remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassiolis design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek games, winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design. In The Open Championship golf tournament, the Silver Medal is an award presented to the lowest scoring player at the tournament. Runner-up Medal Designs for all Olympic Games
13.
Bronze medal
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The outright winner receives a gold medal and the second place a silver medal. More generally, bronze is traditionally the most common used for all types of high-quality medals. The practice of awarding bronze third place medals began at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, Missouri, prior to which only first, minting Olympic medals is the responsibility of the host city. From 1972–2000, Cassiolis design remained on the obverse with a design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassiolis design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek game, winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design. In 1995, a study was carried out by social psychologists Victoria Medvec, Scott Madey, the study showed that athletes who won the bronze medal were significantly happier with their winning than those athletes who won the silver medal. The silver medalists were more frustrated because they had missed the gold medal and this is more pronounced in knockout competitions, where the bronze medals are achieved by winning a playoff, whereas silver medals are awarded after a defeat in the final. This psychological phenomenon was parodied in the Jerry Seinfeld special Im Telling You for the Last Time, bronze and brass ornamental work Third place playoff Medal Designs for all Olympic Games
14.
A. Duncan Carse
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Andreas Duncan Carse was an artist working in Britain, of Norwegian/Scottish parents. Carse was born in 1876 to Norwegian and Scottish parents and his two large works Birds of the Old World and Birds of the New World were selected by Cunard in 1933 to be on their new flagship liner, the Queen Mary. Documents are held in the National Archive and he illustrated the Hans Christian Andersen Fairytales 1912 edition. And the Lucy M. Scott Dewdrops from Fairyland 1912 and he exhibited with the British Council at the Biennale in 1912. Carse exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1904 and then regularly between 1922 and 1938 and he also exhibited at the Fine Art Society, the London Salon and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. Carse created paintings to decorate a ceiling at the Detroit Athletic Club with over 1,000 different figures before the First World War, the paintings were covered at the club but they were on show again after a remodeling of the club in 1999. His son was the explorer Duncan Carse
15.
Sports in Detroit
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Detroit, Michigan is home to four professional American sports teams. It is one of cities in the United States to have teams from the four major North American sports. All but one of the teams compete within the city of Detroit. There are three major sports venues within the city,41, 782-seat Comerica Park,65, 000-seat Ford Field. The last of these will be replaced by Little Caesars Arena starting with the 2017–18 NHL season, Detroit is known for its avid hockey fans. Interest in the sport has given the city the moniker Hockeytown, in 2008, the Detroit Tigers at Comerica Park reported 3.2 million visitors with a 98.6 percent attendance rate. The areas other major venue is The Palace of Auburn Hills and this 22, 076-seat arena is home to the Detroit Pistons of the NBA. It was also home to the WNBAs Detroit Shock from the formation in 1998 until its move to Tulsa. The Palace of Auburn Hills will be replaced by Little Caesars Arena in downtown Detroit starting with the 2017-18 NBA season, in college sports, the University of Detroit Mercy and Oakland University have National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I programs. Wayne State University has both NCAA Division I and II programs, the NCAA football Motor City Bowl is held at Ford Field each December. In addition, the teams of the University of Michigan are located in Ann Arbor. On July 12,2005, Comerica Park hosted 2005 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Comerica Park hosted games 1 and 2 of the 2006 World Series, as well as games 3 and 4 of the 2012 World Series. The Palace held NBA Finals games 3,4 and 5 in both 2004 and 2005, and also hosted all but two of the Shocks WNBA Finals home games in their four Finals appearances. In addition, the 2013 NHL Winter Classic was played on January 1, Detroit was given the name City of Champions in the 1930s, for a series of successes both in individual and in team sport. The Detroit Lions won the National Football League championship in 1935, the Detroit Tigers won the American League pennant in 1934 and again in 1935, subsequently winning the World Series in 1935. The Detroit Red Wings won the National Hockey Leagues Stanley Cup in 1936 and 1937 and this meant Detroit featured the defending champions in the NFL, NHL and MLB simultaneously from April 11,1936 through October 5,1936. Detroit remains the city to win three major professional sports championships in the same year and the only city to win NHL. In individual sports, Gar Wood won the Harmsworth Trophy for unlimited powerboat racing on the Detroit River in 1931
16.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
17.
Architecture of metropolitan Detroit
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The architecture of metropolitan Detroit continues to attract the attention of architects and preservationists alike. With one of the worlds recognizable skylines, Detroits waterfront panorama shows a variety of architectural styles, the citys historic Art Deco skyscrapers blend with the post-modern neogothic spires of One Detroit Center. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form the distinctive skyline. In the 1880s, Gilded Age architects such as Gordon Lloyd, Harry J. Rill, and others and they designed some of Detroits ornately stone-carved nineteenth-century tall buildings, many of which are still standing. Lloyds Romanesque six-story iron-framed Wright-Kay at 1500 Woodward Ave and his R. H. Traver Building at 1211 Woodward are prime examples, the Wright-Kay or Schwankovsky was among the first with an electric elevator. Rill designed the ornate Beaux-Arts facade of Detroit Cornice and Slate at 733 Antoine, the six-story Romanesque Globe Tobacco Building at 407 E. Fort built by Alexander Chapoton is another of the early surviving commercial buildings. Detroits Victorian styled Randolph Street Historic District contains some of the citys oldest surviving commercial buildings, the commercial building at 1244 Randoph Street dates from the 1840s, a rare survivor from the Antebellum period. The 10-story Hammond Building, now demolished, is considered the citys first historic skyscraper, the Qube in the Detroit Financial District now stands on the Hammond Building site. Though too numerous to list, the city has a number of architecturally significant late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century buildings. Daniel Burnham, Louis Kamper, and the Smith Hinchman & Grylls firm are among the architects who designed some of the other important skyscrapers at the turn of the century which endure today. Burnhams three remaining Detroit skyscraper designs are the Neo-Classical styled Chrysler House — renovated in 2002, among their early projects Smith Hinchman & Grylls designed the Neo-Gothic R. H. Fyfe Building at Woodward and Adams, now a residential high-rise. While some cities have demolished historic structures to make way for the new, even so, the city has many historic structures awaiting restoration. The most significant of these is the Michigan Central Station by Warren & Wetmore, during the Roaring Twenties, Detroits historic skyline arose. Louis Kamper designed the ornate Neo-Renaissance styled Book-Cadillac Hotel, which opened as the worlds tallest hotel at the time, the citys architectural legacy is rich in Art Deco style. Joseph L. Hudson, the department store magnate, had commissioned architect Hugh Ferriss to produce a series of renderings depicting new buildings for the city skyline, Albert Kahn Associates designed what is now Cadillac Place, with its Neo-Classical architecture, for General Motors. Kahn, sometimes called the architect of Detroit, originally worked for John Scott and it opened as the second largest office building in the world. The seven Fisher brothers who owned the automotive company Fisher Body essentially gave architect Kahn a blank check to design, Albert Kahn Associates chief architect for the Fisher Building was Joseph Nathaniel French
18.
Renaissance Center
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The Renaissance Center is a group of seven interconnected skyscrapers in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, United States. Located on the International Riverfront, the Renaissance Center complex is owned by General Motors as its world headquarters. The central tower, the Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center, is the second tallest all-hotel skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and it has been the tallest building in Michigan since it was erected in 1977. John Portman was the architect for the original design. The first phase consisted of a five tower rosette rising from a common base, four 39-story office towers surround the 73-story hotel rising from a square-shaped podium which includes a shopping center, restaurants, brokerage firms, and banks. The first phase opened in March 1977. Portmans design brought renewed attention to city architecture, since it resulted in construction of the worlds tallest hotel at the time, two additional 21-story office towers opened in 1981. This type of complex has been termed a city within a city, in 2004, General Motors completed a US$500 million renovation of the Class-A center as its world headquarters, which it had purchased in 1996. The renovation included the addition of the five-story Wintergarden atrium, which access to the International Riverfront. Architects for the renovation included Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Gensler, SmithGroup, work continued in and around the complex until 2005. Renaissance Center totals 5,552,000 square feet making it one of the worlds largest commercial complexes, in July 2015, the General Motors Renaissance Center re-branded itself as The GMRENCEN. The logo was modernized and Reflecting a New Detroit was introduced as the new tagline, a photo-journalistic advertising campaign launched to shine a spotlight on the people in Detroit who make remarkable contributions to the city. Conceived by Henry Ford II and financed primarily by the Ford Motor Company, the project was intended to revitalize the economy of Detroit. In its first year of operation it generated over $1 billion in growth for the downtown. The group announced the first phase of construction in 1971, in addition, Detroit Renaissance contributed to a variety of other projects within the downtown area in the ensuing decades. Henry Ford II sold the concept of the RenCen to the City and community leaders, the city within a city arose. The first phase of Renaissance Center opened on July 1,1976, for phase I, the facade of the first five towers was covered with 2,000,000 square feet of glass, and used about 400,000 cubic yards of concrete. This did not include the glass used for the atriums
19.
Ally Detroit Center
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Ally Detroit Center is a skyscraper and class-A office building located downtown which overlooks the Detroit Financial District. Although the Penobscot Building has more floors, Ally Detroit Centers floors are taller and its floor area is 1,674,708 sq ft. The building was designed by noted architects John Burgee & Philip Johnson, Ally Detroit Center was constructed from 1991 to 1993. It houses numerous tenants, including many prominent Detroit law firms, in addition to retail, the building also contains a restaurant and a gym. The building is famous for its architectural design topped with Flemish-inspired neo-gothic spires which blend architecturally with the citys historic skyline. It is constructed mainly of granite, sometimes called a twin gothic structure, for its pairs of spires, it is oriented North-South and East-West. Ally Detroit Center won an Award of Excellence for its design in 1996, Ally Detroit Center replicas have become a souvenir item along with those of other Detroit skyscrapers. Project plans for twin tower, Two Detroit Center proposed directly east of the tower were placed indefinitely on hold, Two Detroit Center parking garage was constructed on the site in 2002. The law firm Dickinson Wright has its headquarters in Ally Detroit Center, the company moved into the building when it opened in 1992. In 2007 the company had almost 100,000 square feet of space in the building and that year it renewed its lease. Additionally, the law firm of Clark Hill, PLC rents three floors in the building, the building has been occupied by Comerica Bank. In efforts to expand its U. S. presence, the bank has engaged in a succession of takeovers in Texas, Florida, Arizona, the banks lease on Comerica Tower at Detroit Center ran through 2012. Comerica is a sponsor of Comerica Park, the home of the Detroit Tigers baseball team. In December 2009, tenant Comerica announced it would vacate Ally Detroit Center by 2012, the tower was renamed Ally Detroit Center. Hill, Eric J. & John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert
20.
Penobscot Building
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The Greater Penobscot Building, commonly known as the Penobscot Building, is a Class-A office tower in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. The 1928 Art Deco building is located in the heart of the Detroit Financial District, the Penobscot is a hub for the citys wireless Internet zone and fiber-optic network. Upon completion, the Penobscot Building was the eighth-tallest building in the world, the fourth-tallest in America, rising 566 feet, the 47-story Penobscot was the tallest building in Michigan from its completion in 1928 until construction of the Renaissance Center hotel tower in 1977. One Detroit Center surpassed the Penobscot as the tallest office building in Detroit upon its completion in 1993, the Penobscot has 45 above-ground floors and two basement levels, for a total floor count of 47. Although the Penobscot Building has more floors than One Detroit Center, The floors and spires of One Detroit are taller, the building is named for the Penobscot, a Native American tribe from Maine. Native American motifs in art deco style ornamentation is used on the exterior, long before the Civil War days, Simon J. Rowland, of the prominent Smith Hinchman & Grylls firm based in Detroit, clad in Indiana Limestone with a granite base, it rises like a sheer cliff for thirty stories, then has a series of setbacks culminating in a red neon beacon tower. Like many of the citys other Roaring Twenties buildings, it displays Art Deco influences, including its H shape, the opulent Penobscot is one of many buildings in Detroit that features architectural sculpture by Corrado Parducci. The ornamentation includes American Indian motifs, particularly in the entrance archway, at night, the buildings upper floors are lit in floodlight fashion, topped with a red sphere. Rowland, also designed other Detroit skyscrapers, such as the Guardian Building, the tower is also connected to two older and smaller buildings, the 1905 Penobscot Building and the Penobscot Building Annex. Together, the buildings comprise the Penobscot Block, located at Griswold Street, the Greater Penobscot was the last portion of the complex to be developed. In addition, during the Christmas season, the Penobscot Buildings radio broadcast tower is illuminated bright gold, the Penobscot Building has become a souvenir item along with other Detroit skyscrapers. The first televisions in Michigan were sold in the space on the Griswold level of this building. For a period of time in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was renamed the City National Bank Building, when City National was acquired by another bank and renamed, the historic Penobscot name was revived. The Penobscot Building is a property in the Detroit Financial Historic District. The Consulate of Mexico in Detroit is located in Suite 830, the Caucus Club, a restaurant known for hosting influential business officials, was located in Penobscot from 1952 until 2012. On October 4,2012, the restaurant announced that it would close by the end of that month, early in her career, Barbra Streisand appeared as one of the lounge singers at the Caucus Club in 1961. The tower apex once had CNB signs for a bank that was formerly headquartered in the Penobscot Building
21.
Guardian Building
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The Guardian Building is a landmark skyscraper in the United States, located at 500 Griswold Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Financial District. The Guardian is an office building owned by Wayne County, Michigan. Built in 1928 and finished in 1929, the building was called the Union Trust Building and is a bold example of Art Deco architecture. At the top of the Guardian Buildings spire is a large American Flag, the building has undergone recent award-winning renovations. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 29,1989, the Guardian building includes retail and a tourist gift shop. The main frame of the skyscraper rises 36 stories, capped by two spires, one extending for four additional stories. The roof height of the building is 496 ft, the top floor is 489 feet, rowland, of the Smith, Hinchman & Grylls firm, was the buildings architect. The building rises from a granite and stone six story base with two Corrado Parducci created sculptures flanking the Griswold Street entrance, the exterior blends brickwork with tile, limestone, and terra cotta. Rowlands attention to detail was meticulous and he supervised the creation of the colored brick cladding to achieve the desired color for the exterior. Afterward, the brick was marketed by the manufacturer as Union Trust Brick and after 1939, rowland designed furniture for the banks offices and his attention went as far as designing tableware, linens and waitress uniforms for a restaurant in the building. The buildings three story, vaulted lobby is decorated with Pewabic and Rookwood tile. The semi-circular exterior domes are filled with Pewabic Pottery, Mary Chase Perry Stratton worked closely with the architect in the design of the symbolic decorations. A Monel metal screen divides the lobby from the hall on the second floor. The building includes works by muralist Ezra Winter in the mosaic above the lobby desk. The mural highlight’s Michigan’s industries such as manufacturing, farming and mining, in order to dampen the sound in the banking hall, its cement-plaster ceiling features a hand-painted canvas ceiling, which was stretched over a mat of horsehair. During World War II, the Guardian Building served as the U. S Army Command Center for war time production, the Guardian served various tenants as an office building in downtown Detroit. In 1982 it became the headquarters of Michigan Consolidated Gas Company subsequent to the divestiture of MichCon by ANR Company in 1981, under the leadership of President and COO Stephen E. Ewing, MichCon restored the lobby and vaulted ceilings on the first floor in 1986. It would stay MichCons later to be called MCN Energy Group headquarters until the merger of MCN with DTE Energy in 2001 and it was sold by DTE to a local real estate developer, the Sterling Group, in 2002
22.
Book Tower
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The Book Tower is a 145 m, 38-story skyscraper located at 1265 Washington Boulevard in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Washington Boulevard Historic District. Construction began on the Italian Renaissance-style building in 1916 as an addition to the original Book Building, retail and gallery floors used to reside on the first and second floors, with businesses previously occupying the rest. Named after the famous Book Brothers of Detroit, it was briefly the tallest building in the city until the completion of the Penobscot Building in 1928. A taller Book Tower of 81 stories was to be built at the end of the Book Building. The building contains a cartouche by the Detroit architectural sculptor Corrado Parducci, from its opening through the mid-1970s the Book Tower remained a prestigious address on Washington Boulevard. Like many structures in the city, its fortunes declined until 1988 when the owners defaulted on the mortgage, lambrecht had similar plans for the Book Building and Tower, however, his untimely death later that year brought things to a halt. Lambrechts widow attempted to manage the property and made some improvements, on July 25,2006, she sold the Book Tower to the Pagan Organization, a New York-based investment group. Pagans early plans call for a renovation and conversion of both the Book Tower and Book building into a mix of retail, residential, and office units, the Pagan Organization created the Northeast Commercial Services Corp. to manage the building. Northeast Commercial Services Corp. filed for Chapter 11 protection Wednesday, May 24,2007, the last tenant, Bookies Tavern, closed its doors January 5,2009, and moved to a new location downtown. Weeks earlier, the revealed that they were looking to purchase the building from AKNO Enterprises of Vancouver for a green renovation. In August 2013, Book Tower owner ANKO Enterprises of Vancouver, British Columbia, filed a tax abatement for a renovation of the building, however. On August 28,2015, Bedrock Real Estate, owned by Dan Gilbert, announced it would purchase the three-building Book complex, the purchase price was reported to be about $30 million. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. & John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture of America, unpublished manuscript Meyer, introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A. I. A. Savage, Rebecca Binno & Greg Kowalski, Historic Detroit — Book Tower Green Renovation Article
23.
150 West Jefferson
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150 West Jefferson is a skyscraper and class-A office center in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. The buildings construction began in 1987 and was completed in 1989 and it stands at 26 stories tall, with two basement floors, for a total of 28. The building stands at 150 West Jefferson Avenue, between Shelby Street and Griswold Street, and between Jefferson and Larned Street bordering the Detroit Financial District. Detroit based Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone, one of the nations largest law firms, the Detroit offices of KPMG and Amazon also occupy 150 West Jefferson. REDICO, a Southfield-based commercial real estate firm, purchased the building in July 2016, the buildings main exterior materials include glass, granite, and concrete in a postmodern architectural design. The high-rise building is used as an Office tower, with a parking garage, restaurant. This building is connected to the rest of downtown Detroit by a stop on the Detroit People Mover transit system built into the adjacent parking ramp. The 150 West Jefferson high rise replaced the Detroit Stock Exchange Building, some of the façade of the old building was preserved and incorporated into the interior and exterior decoration of the new building. The skyscraper rises 4446 from its front entrance off West Jefferson Avenue, the back entrance off the podium on Larned Street actually sits 7 lower. Four flagpoles, each 30 feet high, are located at corner of the top of the slanted roof. Each displays an American flag, the four can be seen across the river in Windsor, the Financial District station of the Detroit People Mover system is accessed inside this building. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Heller Manus Architects Transwestern -property management
24.
Fisher Building
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The Fisher Building is a landmark skyscraper located at 3011 West Grand Boulevard in the heart of the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. The ornate building, completed in 1928, is one of the works of architect Albert Kahn, and is designed in an Art Deco style, constructed of limestone, granite. The Fisher family financed the building with proceeds from the sale of Fisher Body to General Motors and it was designed to house office and retail space. The building, which contains the elaborate 2, 089-seat Fisher Theatre, was designated a National Historic Landmark on 29 June 1989 and it also houses the headquarters for the Detroit Public Schools. Initially, architect Joseph Nathaniel French of Albert Kahn Associates planned for a complex of three buildings, with two 30-story structures flanking a 60-story tower, however, the Great Depression kept the project at one tower. The Fisher brothers located the building across from the General Motors Building, now Cadillac Place, the two massive buildings spurred the development of a New Center for the city, a business district north of its downtown area. After the war, the asphalt could not be removed from the tiles without harming them. Since the 1980s, these tiles have been illuminated at night colored lights to give them a gold appearance. On St. Patricks Day, the lights are changed to green and, in recent years, to celebrate the NHL playoffs, in 1974, Tri-Star Development purchased the Fisher Building and adjoining New Center Building for approximately $20 million. In 2001, Farbman Group, a real estate based in Southfield. Farbman Group lost the buildings to its lender in 2015.2 million at auction, the multi-year project has a potential cost of $70 million to $80 million in addition to the purchase price. The Fisher Building rises 30 stories with a height of 428 feet, a top floor height of 339 feet. Albert Kahn and Associates designed the building with Joseph Nathaniel French serving as chief architect, French took inspiration from Eliel Saarinens Tribune Tower design of 1922, seen in the emphasis on verticality and the stepped-back upper stories. The building is any other Albert Kahn production. It has been called Detroits largest art object, in 1929, the Architectural League of New York honored the Fisher Building with a silver medal in architecture. The opulent three-story barrel vaulted lobby is constructed with forty different kinds of marble, decorated by Hungarian artist Géza Maróti, the sculpture on the exterior of the building was supplied by several sculptors including Maróti, Corrado Parducci, Anthony De Lorenzo and Ulysses Ricci. Designs called for two flagpoles atop the gilt roof, while they were installed, they were essentially unusable as a radio antenna was installed when one of the buildings oldest tenants, radio station WJR, leased space in December 1928. On-air hosts often mention that broadcasts originate from the tower of the Fisher Building
25.
Cadillac Tower
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The buildings materials include terra cotta and brick. It was built in 1927 as Barlum Tower, at the top of the tower is a tall guyed mast for local radio stations WMXD, WDTW-FM and television station WLPC-CD. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, cadillac Tower was the first building outside New York City and Chicago to have 40 floors, including two below ground. The building also houses the city of Detroits Planning and Development Department, cadillac Towers decorative cornices and parapets are of varying heights. The corner spires rise to a height of 130 m, from 1994 to 2000, one side of the building featured a 14-story mural of Detroit Lions star player Barry Sanders. The mural was retired after a deal with Nike expired. That mural was replaced with one of Detroit Red Wings star Steve Yzerman. Currently the building features an ad for the MGM Grand Detroit Casino featuring a lion, designed by architect Anthony Caradonna, the contemporary steel and glass 24-story center would have filled in the currently vacant Monroe Block adjacent to Campus Martius. This project was put on indefinite hold ultimately being replaced by Meridian Health Plans future headquarters, list of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. John Gallagher. AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture, kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture of America, unpublished manuscript. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert
26.
David Stott Building
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The David Stott Building is a class-A office building located at 1150 Griswold Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Capitol Park Historic District. It was designed in the Art Deco style by the firm of Donaldson and Meier. First conceived in 1921, the tower was built by the Stott Realty Company in honor of its twelve years after his death. Construction began on June 1,1928, and the tower opened on June 17,1929, it cost $3.5 million to build. The advent of the Great Depression brought an halt to all construction in Detroit, as a result. The tower stands 38 stories tall, with three floors below street level, when it opened, it was the fourth tallest building in downtown Detroit. It was designed by architect John M. Donaldson of Donaldson, the buildings design, characterized by a strong sense of verticality, was profoundly influenced by Eliel Saarinens 1922 Chicago Tribune Tower design. Verticality is emphasized by the absence of ornamentation, and by a relatively small footprint which yields a slender profile. The building rises from a granite base and incorporates buff-colored brick, marble. As with many of the other Detroit buildings of the era, the building features a series of setbacks from the 23rd floor upward. The towers tiered summit is brightly lighted with uplights on each facade, the David Stott Building neighbors 1001 Woodward to the southeast. SkyBar Detroit opened in 2011 on the 33rd floor of the David Stott Tower, fisher Building Guardian Building List of tallest buildings in Detroit Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture of America, unpublished manuscript. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on the David Stott Building David Stott Building at Emporis. com
27.
One Woodward Avenue
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One Woodward Avenue, formerly known as the Michigan Consolidated Gas Company Building, is a class-A office skyscraper in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. Minoru Yamasaki designed the new headquarters for the Michigan Consolidated Gas Company in 1962, the Michigan Consolidated Gas Building was his first skyscraper, and he used elements from this design for the now-destroyed World Trade Center in New York City. His design for McGregor Memorial Conference Center at Wayne State University is also regarded by architects. In the 1980s, the became the American Natural Resources Building when that company was formed as the parent of Michigan Consolidated Gas. At this time, a bridge was added over West Larned Street at the 14th floor to connect the ANR offices to Michigan Consolidated. When the ANR offices moved from the building in the 1990s, in December 2012, Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert announced that his company, Rock Ventures, had purchased the building and that Quicken Loans would occupy eight-floors in the structure. The building joins the nearby Qube, First National Building, Chrysler House, the main structure sits on a raised platform that conceals the loading dock and service entrances. Accent panels have the hexagonal design as the window frames on the upper stories. The lobby walls are recessed from the facade to create a loggia on all four sides of the building. The floor of the loggia is covered with white marble cut in a design and flows uninterrupted to the interior lobby floor. The ceiling of the level consists of coffered square panels that have a recessed light fixture. Beneath each light bulb, a four-armed bracket holds a blue or green glass sphere that diffuses the light, the two elevator lobbies have a dropped ceiling that rises to a gable point and again reflects the windows of the upper stories. The lobby holds only planters and a security desk, against the wishes of gas company executives. In their request for designs, they wished the lobby to include a showroom for gas appliances with a sign proclaiming Gas is best. During his presentation, Yamasaki was able to convince company leaders that the lines of an unadorned lobby would enhance the company’s image more than a showroom. For this reason, the newsstand traditionally seen in office buildings is located on the lower level. The sculpture originally stood in the center of a pool that had gas torches on its surface. Because of leakage into the dock below, much of the pool was filled with plantings in the 1980s
28.
Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building
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The Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building is a class-A skyscraper located at 477 Michigan Avenue in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, designed by the Detroit architectural firm of Smith, Hinchman and Grylls. It opened in 1976 to consolidate the offices of federal agencies which were scattered in several locations in the area and it is named for Patrick V. McNamara, a Democratic United States Senator from the State of Michigan from 1955 to 1966. The corners are recessed providing additional strength to the structure and eliminating the battle for corner offices, the building is surrounded by a large plaza which covers the concourse level, parking garage, loading dock and a sunken fountain. In 1987, the 14 ft tall modern sculpture Detroit Deliquesence by John Chamberlain was installed on the plaza, the sculpture, which consists of crushed auto body panels, was commissioned under the Art in Architecture program by General Services Administration in 1977 for $100,000. However, it could not be placed at its location due to deterioration of the plaza. After the GSA and buildings contractor reached a settlement for repairs, between the time of its completion in 1983 and 1987, the sculpture was placed at Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs on the campus of nearby Wayne State University. From the time of its installation at Wayne State, the sculpture proved unpopular with critics, during additional repairs to the plaza in 2001, the sculpture was removed and sent for conservation. The years of exposure to the elements caused damage and GSA made the decision to relocate it to an interior space, after a two-year search for a recipient, the College for Creative Studies agreed to accept the work for its new A. Alfred Taubman Center for Design Education. It was installed for the opening in 2009. On September 22,2001, a Federal Officer was killed in the lobby by a visitor who became angry when told he would not be able to take his gun into the building. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. Official Building site McNamara Federal Building at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on the McNamara Federal Building
29.
DTE Energy Headquarters
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DTE Energy Headquarters is a class-A office complex at I-75 and Grand River on the west side of Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It consists of three buildings, Detroit Edison Plaza, DTE Energy Building, and the Detroit Edison Company Service Building, the Edison Plaza Building is the large, dark brown skyscraper in the complex. It is also referred to as the Walker Cisler Building, the lighted signs at the top of the building display DTE Energy. It was constructed in 1971, and contains 25 floors, reaching a height of 114 m and it is built in the International style of architecture. It is composed of steel, with glass windows. It bears a resemblance to the nearby Executive Plaza Building. In 2007, DTE announced a transformation of the area around its headquarters into landscaped areas with a reflecting pool. The General Office Building is located at 2000 Second Ave. between Elizabeth St. and Beech St and it was constructed in 1921 and stands at nine stories in height. The building, designed in the revival architectural style, is used primarily for offices. It is part of the DTE Energy Headquarters complex of buildings, the Service Building is a lowrise building that stands at 6 floors in height, and was completed in 1938. It stands on Third Ave. between Elizabeth St. and Beech St, a Town Square hall exists on the second floor of the eastern section of the Service Building and is used for company meetings and other events. All three buildings are connected by a walkway at the second floor level. The Service Building is also connected to the MGM Grand Casino Parking structure at the floor level via a covered walkway. DTE shares use of the structure along with casino guests. Walker Lee Cisler List of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. Detroit Edison Synchroscope Magazine, January 1978 edition, DTE Energy Headquarters details on Emporis. com Detroit Edison Company Service Building details at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on DTE Energy Building
30.
David Broderick Tower
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The Broderick Tower is a residential skyscraper in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. Original construction began in 1926, and was completed in 1928, the Broderick was fully renovated in 2012 by JC Beal Construction Inc. and REDICO served as the construction manager. The tower was the second tallest building in Michigan when it was completed in 1928. It stands 34-stories, with two basement floors, the building is designed with Neo-classical architecture, Chicago school, and Beaux-Arts designs. Limestone is a prominent material in the buildings surface and it was designed by architects Louis Kamper and Paul Kamper for Theodore Eaton. The tower is located at the Southeast corner of Woodward Avenue and Witherell Street, facing Grand Circus Park, the Broderick Tower is not a square, or even a parallelogram in shape. Before the decorative cornices were removed, this building was 371-6 to the top of the parapet wall and this tower is topped by a Beaux-Arts/Neoclassical inspired crown. The tower was constructed as the Eaton Tower, named after Theodore Horation Eaton, Jr. an importer and dealer in chemicals. The building changed ownership and names in 1945, when the tower was purchased by David Broderick, a Detroit insurance broker, which he then renamed after himself. After his purchase of the tower in 1945, David Broderick created the Sky Top Club on the 33rd floor of the tower, a bar called Tavern on the Park was preceded by a restaurant called The Flaming Embers, which also later closed. Another bar called The Pit Stop opened on the floor of the building in 2007. Currently the Sports Town Grill occupies the street level floor, the memorable humpback whale mural on the rear façade of the building was painted by Metro-Detroit native eco-artist, Wyland, and was dedicated on October 13,1997. A billboard was placed over the mural in July 2006, covering up the Whaling Wall mural. The money generated from a recently added billboard was announced to benefit the restoration of the building, as the billboard is visible from the nearby Comerica Park, in June 2010, the billboard was removed during a storm, once again revealing the mural. Motown Construction Partners LLC, led by Fred J. Beal, Manager, renovations commenced to create 124 apartments on floors 5-34, three separate restaurant venues floor 1 and the adjacent lower level and mezzanine, and office space on floors 2 through 4. On November 2,2012, the Broderick Tower received official certificates of occupancy by the City of Detroit, a call was made to residents by management around 3,30 PM, on that day, at least 5 residents moved in immediately. During that same weekend, at least 50 more residents moved in, as of March 2013, Broderick Tower is 100% leased and occupied. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Official Site The David Broderick Tower at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on the David Broderick Tower
31.
211 West Fort Street
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211 West Fort Street is a 27-story skyscraper in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. Construction began in 1961, and finished in 1963, the building stands at the southeast corner of Fort Street and Washington Boulevard. It was constructed adjacent to the Detroit Trust Company Building, designed by Albert Kahn in 1915, as offices for the Detroit Bank and Trust Company, the bank occupied space in the building until 1993, when it moved to One Detroit Center. In the courtyard between the two buildings is a based on the banks logo at the time. The building currently houses offices for the Detroit Economic Club, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, the building is designed in the International style, with dark-tinted windows set into precast concrete frames. The frames project from the giving the building a distinctive grid pattern. Mechanical equipment is located on floors 8 and 27th floors, floor 27 is double-height and enclosed by a wall recessed from the grid to create a colonnade which is illuminated at night. The buildings address 211 is displayed along the roof line and this replaced earlier signs for Detroit Bank and Trust and Comerica. On the eighth floor, louvers replace glass in the concrete frames giving an appearance to the façade from floors 2 through 26. The two-story lobby is enclosed by glass and is recessed on the north, elevator banks and other interior walls are covered by black granite and floors are travertine. The site slopes from north to south allowing for a service entrance, list of tallest buildings in Detroit Sharoff, Robert. 211 West Fort Street official site Google Maps location of 211 West Fort Street 211 West Fort Street at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on 211 West Fort Street
32.
Buhl Building
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The Buhl Building is a skyscraper and class-A office center in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. Rowland designed the Buhl in a Neo-Gothic style with Romanesque accents, the Buhl Building stands on the corner of Congress St. West, and Griswold St. in Downtown Detroit. The building stands atop what used to be the Savoyard Creek near its confluence with the Detroit River, in 1836, the creek was covered and turned into a sewer. The Savoyard Club occupied the 27th floor of the Buhl Building from 1928 until its membership dwindled, suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation has its headquarters in the building. Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc. is a Michigan Civil Engineering firm celebrating 100 years in business, hRCs Detroit Office is located on the 16th floor of the Buhl Building. The Citizens Bank Building in downtown Saginaw, Michigan was modeled after the Buhl Building, the architectural sculpture on the building was designed by Corrado Parducci. Rowland, architect of the Penobscot Building, Guardian Building, in 1901, he landed a job as an office boy for the Detroit firm of Rogers & MacFarlane, quickly moving on to the prestigious George D. Mason firm. In 1909, he joined the office of Albert Kahn, who had apprenticed under Mason. In 1910, with the encouragement of both Mason and Kahn, Rowland attended the Harvard Graduate School of Design in Cambridge, MA for a year. The combination of Rowlands natural design talent, Harvard education, Rowland is a case study in design attribution. In 1911, in the office of Kahn, he and Ernest Wilby are said to have been responsible for the Hill Auditorium at the University of Michigan. Rowland worked for the firm of Malcomson & Higginbotham until 1915. Rowlands career peaked as Head Designer of Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, there, he designed a dozen major structures in downtown Detroit, among these are a number of the citys most accomplished and evocative buildings. To a large extent, Rowland helped define Detroits architectural genre and he thus recreated the architectural synthesis of a medieval cathedral. Hence, Rowland had reached a climax when his Union Trust/Guardian Building became known as the Cathedral of Finance, the Guardian Building opened in 1930. With the onset of the Great Depression, Rowland was laid off from Smith, as a result, he formed his own office where his work decreased to a small number of churches, schools and construction projects. Late in life, he returned to a purer, Gothic idiom for his last few projects, during World War II, the Guardian Building would serve as headquarters for war time production. Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation has its headquarters in the building, fink + Associates Laws Detroit office is located in Suite 1000
33.
Westin Book Cadillac Hotel
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The Westin Book Cadillac Detroit is a historic skyscraper hotel located at 1114 Washington Boulevard in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Washington Boulevard Historic District. Designed in the Neo-Renaissance style, and constructed as the Book-Cadillac, it is part of Westin Hotels and embodies Neo-Classical elements and building sculpture, incorporating brick and limestone. The flagship hotel is 349 ft tall with 31 floors, and includes 67 exclusive luxury condominiums and it reopened in October 2008 after completing a $200-million reconstruction project and contains the Roast restaurant and 24 Grille. The hotel was developed by the Book Brothers—J, the brothers sought to turn Detroits Washington Boulevard into the Fifth Avenue of the West. Part of that vision was the creation of a luxury hotel to compete against the Detroit Statler Hotel three blocks to the north. They commissioned architect Louis Kamper, who designed their Book Building in 1917, in 1917, the brothers bought the old Cadillac Hotel at the northeast corner of Michigan and Washington Blvd. but World War I material shortages delayed the start of work on their new hotel. Construction finally began in 1923, and the building, which part of the name of the old structure, was the tallest in the city. The hotel cost $14 million to build and contained 1,136 guest rooms, public spaces on the first five floors included three dining rooms, three ballrooms, a spacious lobby, and a ground floor retail arcade. On the hotels top floor was radio station WCX, the predecessor to WJR, the hotel operated successfully until the Great Depression, when banks foreclosed and the Book brothers lost control in 1931. For much of the period after the Books lost ownership, the hotel was run by industry pioneer Ralph Hitzs National Hotel Management Company. In 1951, Sheraton bought the hotel, renamed it the Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel, all public spaces except the ballrooms and Italian Garden were redone and escalators replaced the grand staircase. In 1975, with business declining and the hotel in need of renovation, Sheraton sold the building to Herbert R. Weissberg. Ownership changed again in 1976, and it became the Radisson-Cadillac Hotel, in 1979 the Radisson chain sold the property, and it became the Book-Cadillac once again. Though it had considered the citys top hotel for many years. By 1983, it was decided that the way to bring the hotel back to profitability was to convert it into a mixed-use property. The hotels 1100 rooms were deemed too numerous to fill and were too small by modern standards, the plan would turn the building into the Book-Cadillac Plaza, a 12 floor, 550-room hotel and 11 floors of office space. The hotel closed its doors in October 1984 for the renovation, but those plans were dashed as proposed construction cost soared. For the next two years developers came and went, but with no one able to take on the increasingly complex renovation, in 1986 the contents were liquidated
34.
Greektown Casino-Hotel
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Greektown Casino-Hotel in Detroit, Michigan is one of three casino resort hotels in the city, and one of four in the Detroit-Windsor area. The property is owned and managed by JACK Entertainment LLC, Detroit is one of the largest American cities and metropolitan regions to offer casino resort hotels. The casino hotel is centered in Detroits Greektown Historic District, site preparation for the new hotel which included demolition of a city-owned parking garage started in June 2006. Construction began in October 2006 and finished in 2009, the hotel tower rises 344 ft. with 30 floors. It opened November 15,2007 with a new 13-story,3, 500-space, free parking garage at Monroe, in November 2009,25,000 square feet of convention space opened with a newly designed poker room. Steelman Partners were the architects and interior designers for the original project, two investors group Greektown Superholdings, Inc. and Greektown Newco Sub Inc. acquired the casino hotel after former owners, the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection, in January 2013, Rock Gaming, the company of Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert, agreed to buy a majority stake in Greektown, as part of Gilberts plan to help revitalize downtown Detroit. In late 2016, as a part of a rebranding effort, the name of Greektown Casino-Hotel will be changed to Jack Detroit Casino-Hotel Greektown
35.
First National Building
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The First National Building is a skyscraper and class-A office center in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Detroit Financial District. The building is located across the streets from Cadillac Tower and One Detroit Center, built between 1921 and 1930, the building rises 26 stories and includes two basement levels, occupying an entire block along Cadillac Square. The structure has an unusual Z shape, designed so that most offices would have natural light, the building, designed by Albert Kahn in the Neoclassical architectural style, was constructed primarily with limestone. Three-story Corinthian columns surround the building at the second floor, the space behind the columns originally housed the main banking hall, however, this space was divided for offices during a renovation. The building also houses a garage in the South East tower. The original cornice was removed in the late 1970s, and the parapet of the building covered with corrugated aluminum, the first floor of the building houses retail space, while the upper floors were designed as commercial offices. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. First National Building official site First National Building at Emporis. com
36.
Cadillac Centre
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Cadillac Centre was a proposed contemporary complex to be constructed in downtown Detroit, Michigan on the Monroe block of Campus Martius. Expected to cost $150-million, the development called for two 24-story towers to rise from a 12-story base which would connect to the 40-story Cadillac Tower. The upscale residential high-rise was slated to include a retail and entertainment complex, failing to meet the standards of the DEGC, the project was put on hold indefinitely. Anthony Caradonnas steel-glass design for Cadillac Centre, reminiscent of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, was slated to face Campus Martius Park, developer Northern Group was the then owner of Detroits Penobscot Building, First National Building, and Cadillac Tower. The existing Gothic-Revival Cadillac Tower would have connected with and incorporated the new Cadillac Centre, the futuristic Cadillac Centre would have been constructed on Detroits historic Monroe block, once a collection of eight antebellum commercial buildings demolished in 1989. He is a graduate of the Pratt Institute and the Harvard University Graduate School of Design and his recent projects include the Hotel Duomo in Molfetta, Italy and the Bar Solex in New York City He earned a medal of merit from the American Institute of Architects in 1986. Cadillac Tower Campus Martius Park Hill, Eric J. John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. Northern Group Inc. corporate website Northern Group Inc
37.
1001 Woodward
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1001 Woodward is an office building in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It replaced the Majestic Building, a 14-story high rise on the same site, the building is located just south of the neighboring David Stott Building, at the corner of Woodward Avenue and Michigan Avenue overlooking Campus Martius Park. Constructed from 1963 to 1965, the 25-story building is designed in the International Style and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. The building occupies the site of the Majestic Building, which was demolished in 1962 to make way for 1001 Woodward and it was constructed between 1963 and 1965 to house headquarters for First Federal Savings and Loan of Detroit, and was known as the First Federal Building. By January 1998, the Savings and Loan was part of Charter One Financial, in December of that year, it was purchased by a partnership of The Carpenters Pension Trust Fund-Detroit & Vicinity and the Operating Engineers Local 324 Pension Fund for $6.5 million. As part of the sale, Charter One leased the ground floor, the Michigan Court of Appeals occupied two floors under a lease which ended in 2001. The court relocated to Cadillac Place with several other State of Michigan offices, in March 1999, the pension fund partnership announced a $15 million renovation of the building and a new name, Woodward Plaza. They also planned to convert the upper floors to luxury condominiums, the pension fund partnership sold the building to Sky Development in April 1994 after spending $20 million on renovations. Sky Development also purchased an adjacent parcel behind the building to construct a parking garage, the building and adjacent parking garage were subsequently purchased by Greektown business owner Dimitrios Papas in January 2008 and renovations were completed. In May 2010, GalaxE Solutions systems signed a lease for 28,000 square feet bringing the occupancy to 25 percent, in September 2010, GalaxE leased an additional 12,000 square feet. In March 2013, Rock Ventures, the company of Dan Gilberts business including Quicken Loans. Quicken Loans subsequently moved its mortgage servicing group into the top four floors, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 11,2013. It was nominated under Criterion A for its role in a 1950–1960s building boom, the building was designed by Smith, Hinchman & Grylls in the International Style. The exterior façade is composed of tinted windows set precast frames covered with charcoal-gray granite, the frames project from the façade creating a grid design similar to nearby 211 West Fort Street. The structure is composed of two towers set at a right-angle and joined by an elevator-utility core covered in glass. This arrangement of the help it make the best use of its irregularly shaped lot. Floors 24 and 25 house mechanical equipment and the ground floor originally housed a banking room. The floors and interior walls were originally faced with white marble
38.
Renaissance City Apartments
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The Renaissance City Apartments is an upscale residential skyscraper located at 555 Brush Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is one of Detroits tallest residential buildings, standing at 33 floors and it was constructed in 1985 in the Modern architectural style adjacent to the similarly designed Courtyard by Marriott – Downtown Detroit. The residential apartments are connected by elevated enclosed skyways to the Renaissance Center, the Courtyard by Marriott Downtown Detroit, the high-rise apartments also contain a large parking garage. It was originally named after Robert L. Millender, Sr. an attorney, political activist and he encouraged and supported the candidacy of many in the African-American political community. They include former Michigan Secretary of State Richard H. Austin, Congressman John Conyers, several City of Detroit Council members, local judges, and several Wayne County Commissioners. In recognition of the historic contributions Robert Millender made to the City of Detroit, the Center complex includes an Office Center, the Courtyard by Marriott, the 33-story Renaissance City Apartments complex and a parking facility. Transportation is provided by the Detroit People Mover which has a station at the facility, the main lobby of the Renaissance City Apartments features an original portrait of Robert L. Millender Sr. which was painted by the distinguished Detroit artist, Carl Owens. This complex is linked to the city by skywalks and the People Mover, a large pottery mural can be seen inside the Renaissance City Apartments people mover station. It was designed by local African-American artist Alvin Loving, Jr and he is a nationally known painter and had worked at Detroit’s Pewabic Pottery, one of two active turn-of-the-century pottery studios in the country. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Hill, Eric J. AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture
39.
AT&T Michigan Headquarters
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The AT&T Michigan Headquarters is a complex of skyscrapers and buildings located at 1st Street, Cass Avenue, State Street, and Michigan Avenue in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It contains the AT&T Building, the AT&T Building addition, the Maintenance Shop and is owned by communications giant AT&T, the AT&T Building was completed for the Michigan Bell Telephone Company in 1919 and expanded in 1928. It is located at 1365 Cass Avenue, and occupies the block bordered by First Street, Cass Avenue, State Street, the AT&T Building stands 19 stories tall. The original 7-story structure completed in 1919 was designed to accommodate additional floors as needed, construction of the 12-story addition began in June 1927 and completed September 1928. Several horizontal bands of limestone mark the top of the original structure, the high-rise building is used as the Michigan headquarters for communications giant AT&T. It is designed in the Art Deco and Art moderne architectural styles, using tan brick, windows are grouped in twos divided by brick piers and have bronze spandrel panels below depicting lightning bolts, bells and other symbols related to communication. Windows on floors 17 through 19 are recessed and framed by large arches, the facade is finished by limestone balustrade and copper mansard roof. The design for the 1919 building included the addition of 12 floors. However, when Michigan Bell made the decision to construct the additional floors, rowland, Chief Designer for Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, devised a new plan which resulted in a more modern look without requiring significant alterations of the original building. The maintenance shop is a structure added in 1950 to the west of the original building facing First Street. It is faced with tan brick with pink granite covering the two floors. The AT&T Building Addition stands at 444 Michigan Avenue and occupies the south of the earlier building. It was constructed in 1973 and finished the following year, the skyscraper office building stands at 21 stories, although floors 18-20 are only accessible by the service elevator or stairs, and floor 21 by stairs only. There are also three other floors, 7M,13 and 15M, which are also only accessible by service elevator or stairs. The building houses office space and telecommunications equipment and was designed in the architectural style. It was faced with weathering steel, bronze-tinted glass and granite, like the earlier building, it is designed to accommodate additional floors when the need arises. In subsequent alterations, the steel was painted and a portico added at the Michigan Avenue entrance. The addition was designed by the architecture firm of Smith Hinchman & Grylls
40.
Chrysler House
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Chrysler House is a 23-story,99 m skyscraper located at 719 Griswold Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. The class-A office building is adjacent to the Penobscot Building in the heart of the U. S. designated Detroit Financial District and it is used as an office building, with retail space on the street level. The building was constructed between 1910 and 1912 and known for years as the Dime Building. When completed, the tower was named the Dime Savings Bank Building for its primary tenant and it was later renamed the Commonwealth Building, briefly known as Griswold Place. It became the Dime Building again in 2002, before being renamed in 2012, the original Lincoln Highway Association national headquarters occupied office 2115 on the 21st floor from 1913 to 1928. For several years through 1983, the building housed the headquarters of Bank of the Commonwealth until the merged with Comerica. In 2002, a renovation was completed. In August 2011, Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert purchased the building along with the nearby Qube, First National Building, as part of the lease, the building was renamed for the company. The tower was designed in the Neoclassical architectural style by Daniel Burnham, the steel-framed structure is faced with white glazed brick and terra cotta trim. The most distinctive feature is the light court which begins on the third floor. This feature can be seen in a version on Burnhams Miners National Bank Building, now Citizens Bank financial Center, completed one year earlier in downtown Wilkes-Barre. Miners National Bank is a similar, but smaller-scale design with the banking hall in the space below the light court. A later expansion of the building altered the U-shape of the upper floors, in a subsequent renovation, the lower two floors were refaced with gray granite and a pediment above the central entrance and cornice were removed. List of tallest buildings in Detroit Chrysler Headquarters and Technology Center Sergio Marchionne Media related to Dime Building at Wikimedia Commons Moore, Daniel H. Burnham, Architect, Planner of Cities, Volume 2. Dime Building renamed Chrysler House as automaker moves workers into space in downtown Detroit, Chrysler opens Detroit office in former Dime Building. Quicken Loans helps welcome Chrysler to historic new digs today, Marchionne,70 employees moving to Detroits Dime Building
41.
Jeffersonian Apartments
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The Jeffersonian Apartments is a large apartment building at 9000 East Jefferson Avenue, on the near-east side of Detroit, Michigan. Built in 1965, primarily of glass and steel in the architecture style, it stands 30 stories. The site is close to the MacArthur Bridge and Belle Isle, as the building is situated on a steep slope, the Jefferson Avenue entrance is 17 feet higher than the back entrance along the Detroit River. AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture, meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A. I. A. CS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Jeffersonian Apartment details at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on the Jeffersonian Apartments Jeffersonian Detroit Apartments Website
42.
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Building
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The Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Building is a skyscraper located at 600 East Lafayette Boulevard in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, near the Renaissance Center complex. It is also known as the Blue Cross Blue Shield Service Center and it was constructed in 1971, and stands at 22 floors. The building was constructed in a sunken plaza and it houses Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. The campus in downtown Detroit also includes offices for 3,000 employees at Towers 500 and 600 of the Renaissance Center linked by the Detroit People Mover, hill, Eric J. & John Gallagher. AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture, meyer, Katherine Mattingly & Martin C. P. Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A. I. A, Blue Cross/Blue Shield Service Center at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on the Blue Cross/Blue Shield Service Center
43.
Coleman A. Young Municipal Center
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Young Municipal Center is a government office building and courthouse located at 2 Woodward Avenue in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. Originally called the City-County Building, it was renamed for the former Detroit Mayor Coleman A. Young and it serves as the City of Detroit government headquarters. Young Municipal Center houses offices, courtrooms, and meeting rooms, the class-A office building stands near the Renaissance Center, Hart Plaza, One Detroit Center, Courtyard by Marriott - Downtown Detroit, and the Millender Center. The modernist International-style building was designed by the firm of Harley, Ellington. Construction began on the skyscraper in 1951 and was completed in 1954 and it is 20 floors tall, and including the basement has 21 total floors. Three sides of the exterior are faced with white Vermont marble with black marble spandrel panels beneath the windows of the Courts Tower to emphasize the buildings vertical lines. The brick of the Randolph Street facade was not covered with marble to allow for a more economical future expansion, Administration Tower The 14-story portion of this complex is called the Administration Tower and is 197 ft tall, from the ground to the mechanical penthouse roof parapet. Courts Tower The 20-story portion of this complex is called the Courts Tower and is 318 ft tall. It contains office space on floors 1 through 8, and courtrooms, judges chambers, a marble wall element rises 43.5 feet high stands 17 feet west of the Courts Tower, and is connected to the tower by a canopy that forms the Woodward Avenue entrance. Bas reliefs of the Detroit and Wayne County seals are carved in the wall, along with a quote from the Bible Now the Lord is that Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. The Spirit of Detroit, a 25 feet tall bronze statue by sculptor Marshall Fredericks, is located at the Courts Towers marble wall element. As one of Detroits most easily identifiable landmarks, a sketch of the statue appears as the element of most of the logos of Detroits city departments. When Detroit sports teams have been in contention for their leagues championship, an enclosed skyway over Randolph Street connects to the Millender Center, Courtyard by Marriott - Downtown Detroit, and the Renaissance Center as a sort of enclosed city within a city. Entrance from the walkway to the third-floor level requires a security pass, Young Municipal Center is operated by the Detroit-Wayne Joint Building Authority, which was created in 1948 by the Michigan Legislature. The building contains a library, a courthouse, and the city hall, when it opened, the City-County Building replaced both the historic Detroit City Hall and Wayne County Building. Many Wayne County offices have moved to the nearby Guardian Building which now serves as the countys headquarters. The offices of the Wayne County Clerk remain in the building as one division of the Wayne County Circuit Court, Circuit Court Administrative Offices. On June 28,2008, the Coleman A, Young Municipal Center was struck by lightning during a series of intense thunderstorms, and caused a transformer fire within the building
44.
Penobscot Building Annex
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The Penobscot Building Annex is a 23-story,94.49 m office skyscraper located at 144 West Congress Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. This portion of the Penobscot Block is now connected to the newer Penobscot Building Tower. The Penobscot Building Annex is a property in the Detroit Financial Historic District. The Penobscot Building Annex was designed by the firm of Donaldson and Meier. The building features a Renaissance-inspired theme, with the five stories faced with grey granite. The lower section of the facade contains broad triple windows, the part has pairs of double-hung windows. The top four stories are separated from the lower floors by a band of terra cotta with blind reliefs, the entrance is flanked by retail shop windows, and more retail shops are located in the first-floor interior. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A. I. A, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert. Media related to Penobscot Building Annex at Wikimedia Commons Google Maps location of the Penobscot Annex
45.
1300 Lafayette East Cooperative
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The 1300 Lafayette East Cooperative is a large,336 unit luxury housing cooperative in the Lafayette Park neighborhood of the near-east side of Detroit, Michigan. The building is notable for its address 1300 displayed in giant numerals on the North and South sides of the roof which are visible for miles in Detroit, constructed in 1961 and completed in 1964,1300 Lafayette East stands at 30 floors. The building incorporates a ground floor with 2 story marble lobby, recreation, meeting, a mezzanine houses a resident party room and offices, and above it rise 28 residential floors. The building is constructed atop an underground parking garage. Apartments in the building have unobstructed views of the cityscape, downtown. Designed by Gunnar Birkerts, the building incorporates a number of innovative and elegant construction, however, market conditions existing at the time of completion resulted in the cancellation of the second project. Eventually this site was developed as the Carlton Apartments, thirteen Hundred has always had an impeccable reputation which has attracted a number of notable residents, among them the singer Diana Ross. In 1979 the building was converted to co-op ownership - on the initiative of the tenants. The community is zoned to Detroit Public Schools, residents are zoned to Chrysler Elementary School, Duffield K-8 for middle school, and Martin Luther King High School. Robert Sharoff Gunnar Birkerts Lafayette Park, Detroit Lafayette Towers Apartments West Lafayette Towers Apartments East Lafayette Pavilion Apartments The Windsor Tower Hill, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly & Martin C. P, introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A. I. A. The Buildings of Detroit A History,1300 Lafayette East Cooperative at Emporis. com SkyscraperPage. coms Profile on 1300 Lafayette East Cooperative
46.
Riverfront Towers
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Riverfront Towers is an apartment and condominium complex of three luxury high rise residential skyscrapers along the International Riverfront in Detroit, Michigan, United States. Each Riverfront Tower creates an ascending tier of three towers, the three buildings are examples of modern architecture. Towers one and two are apartments, Tower three contains condominiums, Riverfront Tower 100 is a 275 unit high rise at 100 Riverfront Drive built in 1991 and finished in 1992. Riverfront Tower 200 is a 280 unit skyscraper at 200 Riverfront Drive built in 1982, Riverfront Tower 300 is a 295 unit skyscraper at 300 Riverfront Drive built in 1982 and finished in 1983. Residents are zoned to Detroit Public Schools, residents are zoned to Owen Academy at Pelham and King High School. Alden Park Towers International Riverfront Hill, Eric J. & John Gallagher, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sharoff, Robert
