1.
Bill Gold
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Bill Gold is an American former graphic designer best known for thousands of film poster designs. His first film poster was for Yankee Doodle Dandy, and his most recent work was for J. Edgar, among his most famous film posters are those for Casablanca and A Clockwork Orange. Bill Gold was born on January 3,1921, in New York City and he studied illustration and design at Pratt Institute in New York. He began his design career in 1941, in the advertising department of Warner Bros. Bill Gold became head of design in 1947. In 1959 his brother Charlie joined him in the business and they formed BG Charles to do the film trailers, Charlie operated BG Charles in Los Angeles, while Bill operated in New York City. In 1987 Charlie left the business and retired to Vermont, Charlie Gold died on December 25,2003 at the age of 75. Bill Gold lives in Greenwich, CT, in 1962, Bill Gold created Bill Gold Advertising in New York City. In 1997 Bill moved the company to Stamford, Connecticut and continued his business, producing posters for every film Clint Eastwood produced, directed, and/or acted in, in 1994 Bill was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from The Hollywood Reporter. Richard Benjamin was the MC for the ceremony at the Directors Guild, in 2011, Bill ended an unsuccessful retirement when he agreed to create posters for Clint Eastwoods film, J. Edgar. Bill Gold is currently a member of the Society of Illustrators, the Art Directors Club. A limited-edition, oversized one-volume retrospective was published in January,2011 in coordination with Golds 90th birthday, after his first film project, Yankee Doodle Dandy, Gold collaborated with the American film industrys top film directors and film producers. Especially fruitful was Golds relationship with the illustrator Bob Peak, Golds work has spanned eight decades and has inspired numerous other designers. Secrets Behind Hollywoods Greatest Movie Posters and this feature article about Golds career has a link to fourteen images of his posters. Poster Master With a Cool Hand, article on Gold on the occasion of a book about his art. The Gold Standard, Roundtable Pictures Interviews Legendary Movie Poster Designer Bill Gold, meet Bill Gold, The Man Behind the Most Iconic Movie Posters Ever. Bill Gold reflects on his art and his career,1994 Hollywood Reporter Lifetime Achievement Award video
Bill Gold
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Gold's US theatrical release poster for Casablanca (1942)
Bill Gold
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Gold's original theatrical release poster for A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
Bill Gold
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Gold's theatrical release poster for My Fair Lady, with original illustration by
Bob Peak (1964)
Bill Gold
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Gold's US poster for A Clockwork Orange (1971)
2.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
Alfred Hitchcock
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Studio publicity photo, circa 1955.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock (right) during the making of
Number 13 in London
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock with
Chandran Rutnam (centre) and Sri Lankan film maker Anton Wickremasinghe at the
Academy Awards in Los Angeles.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Cary Grant and
Ingrid Bergman in
Notorious (1946)
3.
Ray Milland
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Ray Milland was a Welsh actor and director. Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army, becoming a proficient marksman, horse-rider and aeroplane pilot. He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman. This led to a contract with MGM and he moved to the United States where he appeared as a stock actor. After being released by MGM, he was picked up by Paramount and he was loaned out to Universal for a film called Three Smart Girls, and its success saw Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour. The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom, after leaving Paramount, he began directing and ended his career moving into television. Milland was born Alfred Reginald Jones on 3 January 1907 in Neath, Wales, the son of Elizabeth Annie and Alfred Jones, of his parents, Milland wrote in his autobiography Wide-Eyed in Babylon, My father was not a cruel or harsh man. I think he was a romantic and consequently a little afraid of his emotions. He had been a young hussar in the Boer War and had been present at the relief of Mafeking and he never held long conversations with anyone, except perhaps with me, possibly because I was the only other male in our family. The household consisted of my mother, a flighty and coquettish woman much concerned with propriety. He was educated independently before attending the private Kings College School in Cardiff and he worked at his uncles horse-breeding farm before leaving home at the age of 21. Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry, an expert shot, he became a member of his companys rifle team, winning many prestigious competitions, including the Bisley Match in England. While stationed in London, Milland met dancer Margot St. Leger, Brody queried Millands commitment to an army career, which led to Milland buying himself out of the forces in 1928 in the hope of becoming an actor. His first appearance on film was as an extra on the E. A. After some unproductive extra work, which never reached the screen, while he was working on The Informer he was asked to test for a production being shot on a neighbouring stage. Milland made an impression on director Castleton Knight and was hired for his first acting role as Jim Edwards. Milland, in his autobiography, recalls that it was on film that it was suggested he adopt a stage name. His work on The Flying Scotsman had impressed enough for him to be given a six-month contract, believing that his acting was poor, and that he had won his film roles through his looks alone, Milland decided to gain some stage work to improve his art
Ray Milland
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Milland in a publicity shot for Markham
Ray Milland
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Dorothy Lamour, Milland's co-star in
The Jungle Princess
Ray Milland
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Milland with
Paulette Goddard in
Reap the Wild Wind (1942)
Ray Milland
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Milland in character as Don Birnam in The Lost Weekend (1945)
4.
Grace Kelly
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Grace Patricia Kelly was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III, in April 1956. In October 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in the film Mogambo, which won her a Golden Globe Award, subsequently, she had leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl, for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and they had three children, Caroline, Albert II, and Stéphanie. Kelly retained her American roots, maintaining dual U. S. and she died on September 14,1982, a day after suffering a stroke while driving her car, which caused a crash. Kelly was born on November 12,1929, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family. Her father, Irish-American John B. Kelly Sr. had won three Olympic gold medals for sculling and owned a successful brickwork contracting company that was well-known on the East Coast. A registered Democrat, he was nominated to be mayor of Philadelphia for the 1935 election, in later years, he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness. Kellys mother was Philadelphia native Margaret Katherine Majer, the daughter of German immigrants, Margaret had taught physical education at the University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach womens athletics at the institution. She was noted for her beauty and modeled for a time in her youth, after marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations. Kelly had two siblings, Margaret and John Jr. and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Roman Catholic faith, while attending Ravenhill Academy, a prestigious Catholic girls school, Kelly modeled fashions at local social events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead in Dont Feed the Animals, before graduating in May 1947 from Stevens School, a socially prominent private institution on Walnut Lane in the Northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Germantown, she acted and danced. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten, written in the Stevens Prophecy section was, Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen. Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947, despite her parents initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of being an actress. John was particularly displeased with her decision, he viewed acting as a cut above streetwalker. To start her career, she auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admission officer, Emile Diestel, and was admitted through the influence of George. She began her first term the following October, while at school, she lived in Manhattans Barbizon Hotel for Women, a prestigious establishment which barred men from entering after 10 pm, and she worked as a model to support her studies. Kelly worked diligently and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder and her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, most notably a Broadway debut in Strindbergs The Father alongside Raymond Massey
Grace Kelly
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Kelly in 1956
Grace Kelly
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MGM Publicity Photo
Grace Kelly
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High Noon, 1952
Grace Kelly
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To Catch a Thief, 1955
5.
Robert Cummings
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Cummings received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Single Performance in 1955. On February 8,1960, he received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the picture and television industries. The motion picture star is at 6816 Hollywood Boulevard, the star is on 1718 Vine Street. Cummings was born in Joplin, Missouri, a son of Dr. Charles Clarence Cummings and his father was a surgeon, who was part of the original medical staff of St. Johns Hospital in Joplin. He was the founder of the Jasper County Tuberculosis Hospital in Webb City, Cummings mother was an ordained minister of the Science of Mind. While attending Joplin High School, Cummings was taught to fly by his godfather, Orville Wright and his first solo was on March 3,1927. During high school, Cummings gave Joplin residents rides in his aircraft for $5 per person, when the government began licensing flight instructors, Cummings was issued flight instructor certificate No. 1, making him the first official flight instructor in the United States, Cummings studied briefly at Drury College in Springfield, Missouri, but his love of flying caused him to transfer to the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied aeronautical engineering for a year before he dropped out because of financial reasons, since the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City paid its male actors $14 a week, Cummings decided to study there. Cummings studied drama for two years appearing on Broadway in 1931. As British actors were in demand, Cummings traveled to England and he had a brief career on Broadway under the name Blade Stanhope Conway, posing as an Englishman. In 1933, Cummings met and two later married his second wife, Vivi Janiss, a native of Nebraska, with whom he appeared in The Ziegfeld Follies of 1934. In 1934, he moved to Hollywood, where he acted at first under the name Bruce Hutchens and he made his film debut the following year in The Virginia Judge. Cummings then began to use his own name, acting throughout the 1930s as a player in a number of supporting roles. He achieved stardom in 1939 in Three Smart Girls Grow Up and his many film comedies include, The Devil and Miss Jones with Jean Arthur, Moon Over Miami, and The Bride Wore Boots with Barbara Stanwyck. Cummings gave memorable performances in three notable dramas, in Kings Row, he played the lead role, Parris Mitchell, alongside friend Ronald Reagan, Claude Rains, Ann Sheridan and an all-star cast. In spite of its critical reaction, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, including one for Best Picture. Cummings starred in the spy thriller Saboteur with Priscilla Lane and Norman Lloyd and he played Barry Kane, an aircraft worker wrongfully accused of espionage, trying to clear his name
Robert Cummings
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Robert Cummings, 1956
Robert Cummings
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Robert Cummings in
Saboteur, 1942
Robert Cummings
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Robert Cummings and Julie Newmar in a publicity still for
My Living Doll
6.
John Williams (actor)
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John Williams was an English stage, film and television actor. He is remembered for his role as Chief Inspector Hubbard in Alfred Hitchcocks Dial M For Murder, as the chauffeur in Sabrina, born in Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire, England, he was educated at Lancing College and began acting on the Broadway stage in 1924. He then went on to appear in thirty Broadway plays over the four decades. He first acted in Hollywood films in 1930, debuting in director Mack Sennetts The Chumps, in his career he appeared in more than forty films and also made more than forty guest appearances on television shows. He was part of the regular cast for the 1967 season of the family comedy Family Affair, Williams gained fame as the star of a television commercial for 120 Music Masterpieces, a four-LP set of classical music excerpts from Columbia House. This became the longest-running nationally seen commercial in U. S. television history and it began, Im sure you recognise this lovely melody as Stranger in Paradise. But did you know that the theme is from the Polovetsian Dance No.2 by Borodin. So many of the tunes of our well-known popular songs were written by the great masters—like these familiar themes. In 1953, Williams won a Tony Award for Best Supporting or Featured Actor for his role as Chief Inspector Hubbard in Dial M for Murder on Broadway, when Alfred Hitchcock adapted the play to film in 1954, he cast Williams in the same role. He also appeared in Hitchcocks The Paradine Case with Gregory Peck as a barrister, Three of these episodes, Back for Christmas, Wet Saturday, and Banquo’s Chair, were directed by Hitchcock himself. In 1963, Williams played William Shakespeare in the The Twilight Zone episode The Bard, Williams also appeared in the TV series Night Gallery, notably in the episode titled The Doll. One of his last appearances was in Battlestar Galactica, War of the Gods alongside Lorne Greene, Williams died on Thursday,5 May 1983, in La Jolla, California, at the age of 80. It was reported that at the time of his death that he had been suffering from a heart condition, Williams was survived by his wife Helen, and his sister Joyce Hornsted, who lived in Devon, England. His body was cremated, and its ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean off the La Jolla coast. Alfred Hitchcock Presents The Long Shot Back for Christmas Whodunit Wet Saturday The Rose Garden I Killed the Count The Three Dreams of Mr. Findlater Family Affair, replaced Sebastian Cabot while he was recovering from an injury to his wrist
John Williams (actor)
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Williams reprised his Broadway role in Dial M for Murder for a 1958
Hallmark Hall of Fame television presentation. Also pictured are
Maurice Evans and
Rosemary Harris.
7.
Dimitri Tiomkin
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Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin was a Russian-American film score composer and conductor. Musically trained in Russia, he was best known for his scores, including Duel in the Sun, Red River, High Noon, The Big Sky, Gunfight at the O. K. Corral. Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire and his family was of Jewish descent, his father Zinovy Tiomkin was a distinguished pathologist and associate of Professor Paul Ehrlich, and later a notable Zionist leader. His mother, Marie Tartakovskaya, was a musician who began teaching the young Tiomkin piano at an early age and her hope was to have her son become a professional pianist, according to Tiomkin biographer, Christopher Palmer. Tiomkin described his mother as being small, blonde, merry and he also studied piano with Isabelle Vengerova. He supported himself while living in St. Petersburg by playing piano accompaniment for numerous Russian silent films, because the revolution had diminished opportunities for classical musicians in Russia, he moved to Berlin after the Russian Revolution to live with his father. In Berlin, from 1921 to 1923, he studied with the pianist Ferruccio Busoni and Busonis disciples Egon Petri and he composed light classical and popular music, and made his performing debut as a pianist playing Franz Liszts Piano Concerto No.2 with the Berlin Philharmonic. He moved to Paris with his roommate, Michael Khariton, to perform a piano duo repertory together, Tiomkin and Raschs professional relationship evolved into a personal one, and they married in 1927. While in New York Tiomkin gave a recital at Carnegie Hall which featured music by Maurice Ravel, Alexander Scriabin, Francis Poulenc, and Alexandre Tansman. He and his new wife went on tour to Paris in 1928, after the stock market crash in October 1929 reduced work opportunities in New York, Tiomkin and his wife moved on to Hollywood, where she was hired to supervise dance numbers in MGM film musicals. He worked on minor films, some without being credited under his own name. Although he worked on smaller film projects, his goal was still to become a concert pianist. However, that ended abruptly in 1937 when he broke his arm. Tiomkin received his first break from Columbia director Frank Capra, who picked him to write, the film won Tiomkin significant recognition in Hollywood, and came out in the year he became a U. S. citizen. In his autobiography, Please Dont Hate Me, Tiomkin recalls how the assignment by Capra forced him to first confront a director in a matter of music style, e gave me the job without reservation. I could write the score without interference, and he would hear it when it was done, Lost Horizon offered me a superb chance to do something big. I thought I might be going a little too far in the matter of expense, No, Dimi, the lama is a simple man. His greatness is in being simple, for his death the music should be simple, nothing more than the muttering rhythm of a drum
Dimitri Tiomkin
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Dimitri Tiomkin ca. 1930s
Dimitri Tiomkin
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With his mother, circa 1900
Dimitri Tiomkin
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Army letter thanking Tiomkin
8.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
9.
Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared
Crime film
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Humphrey Bogart in
The Petrified Forest (1936)
10.
Mystery film
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Mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime. It focuses on the efforts of the detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues, investigation, suspense is often maintained as an important plot element. This can be done through the use of the soundtrack, camera angles, heavy shadows, Alfred Hitchcock used all of these techniques, but would sometimes allow the audience in on a pending threat then draw out the moment for dramatic effect. This genre has ranged from early mystery tales, fictional or literary detective stories, a related film subgenre is spy films. Mystery films mainly focus with solving a crime or a puzzle, the mystery generally revolves around a murder which must then be solved by policemen, private detectives, or amateur sleuths. At times the viewer is presented with information not available to the main character, the central character usually explores the unsolved crime, unmasks the perpetrator, and puts an end to the effects of the villainy. The successful mystery film adheres to one of two types, known as Open and Closed. Mystery novels have proven to be a medium for translation into film. The sleuth often forms a leading character, and the plots can include elements of drama, suspense, character development, uncertainty. The locales of the tale are often of a mundane variety. Successful mystery writers can produce a series of books based on the same sleuth character, until at least the 1980s, women in mystery films have often served a dual role, providing a relationship with the detective and frequently playing the part of woman-in-peril. The women in films are often resourceful individuals, being self-reliant, determined. They can provide the triggers for the events follow, or serve as an element of suspense as helpless victims. The earliest mystery films reach back to the silent era, the first detective film is often cited as Sherlock Holmes Baffled, a very short Mutoscope reel created between 1900 and 1903 by Arthur Marvin. It is the film to feature the character of detective Sherlock Holmes. In France, the popular Nick Carter detective novels inspired the first film serial, Nick Carter and this six-episode series was followed with Nouveaux aventures de Nick Carter in 1909. Louis Feuillade created the highly popular Fantômas serial based on the serial novel about Juve. Later detective serials by Feuillade include The Vampires, Judex, Tih Minh, feuillades films, which combined realism, poetic imagery, and pure fantasy, influenced the American The Perils of Pauline, directors such as René Clair, and Surrealists such as André Breton
Mystery film
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Nick Carter, from France, is one of the first mystery-detective film series (1908–1909).
Mystery film
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Jeremy Brett as Sherlock Holmes from the
Granada TV television series (1984-1994).
Mystery film
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The first appearance of Holmes, 1887
Mystery film
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The Thin Man series combined elements of the
screwball comedy film within a complex murder mystery plot.
11.
3D Film
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A three-dimensional stereoscopic film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension. The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography, 3D films are not limited to theatrical releases, television broadcasts and direct-to-video films have also incorporated similar methods, especially since the advent of 3D television and Blu-ray 3D. 3D films became more and more throughout the 2000s, culminating in the unprecedented success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009. The stereoscopic era of motion pictures began in the late 1890s when British film pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D film process, in his patent, two films were projected side by side on screen. The viewer looked through a stereoscope to converge the two images, because of the obtrusive mechanics behind this method, theatrical use was not practical. Frederic Eugene Ives patented his stereo camera rig in 1900, the camera had two lenses coupled together 1¾ inches apart. On June 10,1915, Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell presented tests to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York City. However, according to Adolph Zukor in his 1953 autobiography The Public Is Never Wrong, My 50 Years in the Motion Picture Industry, nothing was produced in this process after these tests. The earliest confirmed 3D film shown to an audience was The Power of Love. The camera rig was a product of the producer, Harry K. Fairall. Whether Fairall used colored filters on the ports or whether he used tinted prints is unknown. After a preview for exhibitors and press in New York City, the film dropped out of sight, apparently not booked by exhibitors, and is now considered lost. Kelley then struck a deal with Samuel Roxy Rothafel to premiere the first in his series of Plasticon shorts entitled Movies of the Future at the Rivoli Theater in New York City. Also in December 1922, Laurens Hammond premiered his Teleview system, Teleview was the first alternating-frame 3D system seen by the public. Using left-eye and right-eye prints and two interlocked projectors, left and right frames were alternately projected, each pair being shown three times to suppress flicker. Viewing devices attached to the armrests of the seats had rotary shutters that operated synchronously with the projector shutters, producing a clean. The show ran for weeks, apparently doing good business as a novelty. In 1922, Frederic Eugene Ives and Jacob Leventhal began releasing their first stereoscopic shorts made over a three-year period, the first film, entitled Plastigrams, was distributed nationally by Educational Pictures in the red-and-blue anaglyph format
3D Film
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Fairall in 1922
3D Film
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Fairall's 3D camera
3D Film
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Audience wearing special glasses watch a 3D "stereoscopic film" at the Telekinema on the South Bank in London during the
Festival of Britain 1951.
3D Film
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Shooting of the film
Hidden Universe 3D with
IMAX camera.
12.
BBC Television
–
BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 and it produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936. The BBCs domestic television channels have no advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence, the BBC operates several television networks, television stations, and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a number of its own programmes in-house. The simultaneous transmission of sound and pictures was achieved on 30 March 1930, by late 1930, thirty minutes of morning programmes were broadcast from Monday to Friday, and thirty minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays after BBC radio went off the air. Bairds broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932, the BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. Ally Pally housed two studios, various stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself. BBC television initially used two systems on alternate weeks, the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system. The use of both made the BBCs service the worlds first regular high-definition television service, it broadcast from Monday to Saturday between 15,00 and 16,00, and 21,00 and 22,00. The two systems were to run on a basis for six months, early television sets supported both resolutions. Television production was switched from Bairds company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast – and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel – was Opening of the BBC Television Service at 15,00, the first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25, 000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. Also, many of the services technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort. According to figures from Britains Radio Manufacturers Association,18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15,00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the announcers, made the first announcement, saying. Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh, the Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later
BBC Television
–
A special ident was created in 1982 to celebrate 60 years of the BBC.
13.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
–
Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
–
The name London may derive from the
River Thames
14.
West End theatre
–
West End theatre is a common term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of Theatreland in and near the West End of London. Along with New York Citys Broadway theatre, West End theatre is considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London, in 2013, ticket sales reached a record 14.4 million, making West End the largest English speaking audience in the world. Famous screen actors frequently appear on the London stage, helen Mirren received an award for her performance as the Queen on the West End stage, and then stated, theatre is such an important part of British history and British culture. Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation, the first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain, both are known to have been used by William Shakespeares company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark and these theatres were closed in 1642 due to the Puritans who would later influence the interregnum of 1649. After the Restoration, two companies were licensed to perform, the Dukes Company and the Kings Company, performances were held in converted buildings, such as Lisles Tennis Court. The first West End theatre, known as Theatre Royal in Bridges Street, was designed by Thomas Killigrew and built on the site of the present Theatre Royal and it opened on 7 May 1663 and was destroyed by a fire nine years later. It was replaced by a new designed by Christopher Wren and renamed the Theatre Royal. Outside the West End, Sadlers Wells Theatre opened in Islington on 3 June 1683. Taking its name from founder Richard Sadler and monastic springs that were discovered on the property, it operated as a Musick House, with performances of opera, as it was not licensed for plays. In the West End, the Theatre Royal Haymarket opened on 29 December 1720 on a site north of its current location. The Patent theatre companies retained their duopoly on drama well into the 19th century, by the early 19th century, however, music hall entertainments became popular, and presenters found a loophole in the restrictions on non-patent theatres in the genre of melodrama. Melodrama did not break the Patent Acts, as it was accompanied by music, initially, these entertainments were presented in large halls, attached to public houses, but purpose-built theatres began to appear in the East End at Shoreditch and Whitechapel. The West End theatre district became established with the opening of small theatres and halls. South of the River Thames, the Old Vic, Waterloo Road, the next few decades saw the opening of many new theatres in the West End. It abbreviated its name three years later, the theatre building boom continued until about World War I
West End theatre
–
London's
Palace Theatre built in 1891
West End theatre
–
The
Lyceum Theatre, home to
Disney's The Lion King.
West End theatre
–
The
St Martin's Theatre, home to
The Mousetrap, the longest-running play in the world.
West End theatre
–
The exterior of the Old Vic
15.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
16.
University of Cambridge
–
The University of Cambridge is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England, often regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Founded in 1209 and given royal status by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople, the two ancient universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as Oxbridge. Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent colleges, Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the worlds oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridges libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library. In the year ended 31 July 2015, the university had an income of £1.64 billion. The central university and colleges have an endowment of around £5.89 billion. The university is linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster known as Silicon Fen. It is a member of associations and forms part of the golden triangle of leading English universities and Cambridge University Health Partners. As of 2017, Cambridge is ranked the fourth best university by three ranking tables and no other institution in the world ranks in the top 10 for as many subjects. Cambridge is consistently ranked as the top university in the United Kingdom, the university has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors, and foreign Heads of State. Ninety-five Nobel laureates, fifteen British prime ministers and ten Fields medalists have been affiliated with Cambridge as students, faculty, by the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to such as Paris, Reading. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university. A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach everywhere in Christendom, the colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself, the colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels, the hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indicators of their time, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane. Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridges first college, the most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s
University of Cambridge
–
Emmanuel College Chapel
University of Cambridge
–
University of Cambridge coat of arms
University of Cambridge
–
Sir Isaac Newton was a student of the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
–
Trinity Lane in the snow, with
King's College Chapel (centre),
Clare College Chapel (right), and the
Old Schools (left)
17.
Anthony Dawson
–
He also appeared as Ernst Stavro Blofeld in From Russia With Love and Thunderball. Dawson was born in Edinburgh, the son of Ida Violet and it was while there that he appeared in Alfred Hitchcocks Dial M for Murder, playing C. A. Swann/Captain Lesgate. In the film, he is blackmailed by Tony Wendice into murdering his wife Margot, in his unpublished memoirs, Rambling Recollections, Dawson reminisced about getting the part. I had never met Hitchcock before, and yet he was about to do me the most fantastic good turn I could imagine, I mumbled my thanks and put the phone down, feeling rather dazed, electrified, stunned, all of these. The full impact of this call from Hitch was very soon to come home to me. He had two memorable roles on his return to Britain, including the evil Marques Siniestro in Hammers Curse of the Werewolf and henchman Professor Dent in the first James Bond film. Young also cast him as the presence of Ernst Stavro Blofeld in his Bond films From Russia with Love and Thunderball. His face was never seen, however, and Blofelds voice was provided by Eric Pohlmann, Dawson appeared alongside fellow Bond veterans Adolfo Celi, Lois Maxwell and Bernard Lee in the Italian Bond knockoff O. K. Connery. After the early 1960s, his roles got smaller. He died in Sussex of cancer at age 75 in January 1992, anthony Dawson at the Internet Movie Database
Anthony Dawson
–
Dawson as Professor Dent in the
James Bond film
Dr. No
18.
French door
–
A door is a moving structure used to block off, and allow access to, an entrance to or within an enclosed space, such as a building or vehicle. Doors normally consist of a panel that swings on hinges on the edge, similar exterior structures to doors are called gates. Typically, doors have a side that faces the inside of a space. In many cases the interior side of a door mostly matches its exterior side, when open, doors admit people, animals, ventilation or light. The door is used to control the atmosphere within a space by enclosing the air drafts. Doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire and they also act as a barrier to noise. Many doors are equipped with locking mechanisms to allow entrance to certain people, as a form of courtesy and civility, people often knock before opening a door and entering a room. Doors are used to screen areas of a building for aesthetics, keeping formal, Doors also have an aesthetic role in creating an impression of what lies beyond. Doors are often endowed with ritual purposes, and the guarding or receiving of the keys to a door, or being granted access to a door can have special significance. Similarly, doors and doorways frequently appear in metaphorical or allegorical situations, literature, the earliest in records are those represented in the paintings of the Egyptian tombs, in which they are shown as single or double doors, each in a single piece of wood. Doors were once believed to be the doorway to the afterlife. The stiles were the boards, one of which, tenoned or hinged, is known as the hanging stile. The horizontal cross pieces are the top rail, bottom rail, the most ancient doors were made timber, such as those referred to in the Biblical depiction of King Solomons temple being in olive wood, which were carved and overlaid with gold. The doors dwelt upon in Homer would appear to have been cased in silver or brass, besides olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress were used. A5, 000-year-old door has been found by archaeologists in Switzerland. All ancient doors were hung by pivots at the top and bottom of the hanging stile which worked in sockets in the lintel and sill and those found at Nippur by Dr. Hilprecht dating from 2000 B. C. were in dolerite. The tenons of the gates at Balawat were sheathed with bronze and these doors or gates were hung in two leaves, each about 8 ft 4 in wide and 27 ft. high, they were encased with bronze bands or strips,10 in. High, covered with decoration of figures, etc
French door
–
Door in Georgia
French door
–
20th-century door in
Kashan,
Iran
French door
–
Stone door,
Hampi,
India
French door
–
Roman folding doors at
Pompeii (1st century AD)
19.
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
–
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. Whilst executions for murder, burglary and robbery were common, the sentences for minor offenders were often not carried out. A sentence of death could be commuted or respited for reasons such as benefit of clergy, official pardons, between 1770 and 1830, an estimated 35,000 death sentences were handed down in England and Wales, but only 7,000 executions were carried out. In 1808 Romilly had the death penalty removed for pickpockets and lesser offenders, the death penalty was mandatory until the Judgement of Death Act 1823 gave judges the power to commute the death penalty except for treason and murder. Act 1832 reduced the number of crimes by two-thirds. In 1832, the penalty was abolished for theft, counterfeiting. Gibbeting was abolished in 1832 and hanging in chains was abolished in 1834, in 1837, the death penalty for forging wills and powers of attorney was abolished. The death penalty for rape was abolished in 1841, the death penalty remained mandatory for treason and murder unless commuted by the monarch. The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66 concluded that there was not a case for abolition and this proposal was included in the Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868. From that date executions in Great Britain were carried out only in prisons, the punishment of beheading and quartering those executed for treason was abolished in 1870. The last application of punishment had been in 1820 and the last sentence to the punishment had been in 1839. In 1908, the Children Act 1908 banned the execution of juveniles under the age of 16, in 1922 a new offence of Infanticide was introduced to replace the charge of murder for mothers killing their children in the first year of life. In 1930 a parliamentary Select Committee recommended that capital punishment be suspended for a period of five years. From 1931 pregnant women could no longer be hanged although in practice since the 18th century their sentences had always been commuted, in 1933 the minimum age for capital punishment was raised to 18 under the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. The last known execution by the courts of a person under 18 was that of Charles Dobel,17, hanged at Maidstone together with his accomplice William Gower,18. Harold Wilkins, at 16 years old, was the last juvenile sentenced to the penalty in the United Kingdom, in 1932 for a sexually related murder. In 1938 the issue of the abolition of capital punishment was brought before parliament, a clause within the Criminal Justice Bill called for an experimental five-year suspension of the death penalty
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
–
The only known photograph of the death sentence being pronounced in England and Wales, for the poisoner
Frederick Seddon in 1912
20.
Patrick Allen
–
John Keith Patrick Allen was a British film, television and voice actor. Allen was born in Nyasaland, where his father was a tobacco farmer, after his parents returned to Britain, he was evacuated to Canada during the Second World War where he remained to finish his education at McGill University in Montreal. He gained experience as a radio broadcaster and appeared on television in plays and documentaries. Returning to the UK in 1953, Allen made his debut in Alfred Hitchcocks Dial M for Murder. He subsequently appeared in roles in many films, including Captain Clegg, The Wild Geese, The Sea Wolves. He was also the actor in the Associated Rediffusion adventure series Crane. Allen played Moriatys deputy Colonel Sebastian Moran in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in 1967 he and his wife Sarah Lawson appeared together playing husband and wife in the Science fiction film Night of the Big Heat. He and Lawson also played husband-and-wife in the BBC radio series Stand By For West based on the John Creasey novels about Scotland Yard Chief Inspector Roger West. Allens distinctive, authoritative voice was familiar across the United Kingdom and he dubbed Leon Greene, who played Rex, in the 1968 Hammer film The Devil Rides Out. His voice-over work led him to start up his own business and he also narrated the first series of Blackadder, and appeared in the last episode The Black Seal as Edmunds nemesis, Phillip of Burgundy – known to his enemies as The Hawk. He provided the narration for the 1989 childrens series TUGS, Allen remained uncredited for his work, which was revealed in an interview with the shows producer Robert D. Cardona. In 2005, he became the voice of the British television channel E4, providing voiceovers for many of its idents, some of the slogans are rather irreverent, and match the tone of the channel well, especially during the channels recent campaigns. Since his death a number of voice-overs have attempted to emulate Allen’s inimitable vocal style, in 2005, he did an altered re-recording of the Two Tribes version of the Protect and Survive narration for German cover band Welcome to the Pleasuredome, which is featured in their live performances. Also, not long before his death, he narrated parody versions of films for Kerrang. He was also the voice of the Christian OConnell Breakfast Show on XFM, Allen died on the morning of 28 July 2006 at age 79. He is survived by his wife and two sons, Patrick Allen at the Internet Movie Database Cherished television, Crane
Patrick Allen
–
Allen in March 2005
21.
Robin Hughes
–
Robin Hughes was a British film and television actor. Robin Hughes was born on 7 June 1920 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to English parents, Rosa Violet and Harold William Hughes. At the age of 18, he joined the Royal Navy as a signalman, mr. Robin had received officers papers, however, the day before Hood set to sea, and was sent to officers training instead of boarding the ship with his mates. In the tragedy,1415 men died, only three survived. or, as Robin Hughes stated. four and he went to the United States in 1948 and appeared in many theater, television, and film roles. In 1958 he appeared as the amorous editor Brian OBannion in Auntie Mame opposite Rosalind Russell. That year he made two guest appearances on Perry Mason, first as murderer Addison Doyle in The Case of the Green-Eyed Sister and he is also known for playing the title role in The Twilight Zone episode The Howling Man. He died on 10 December 1989 in Los Angeles, California
Robin Hughes
–
Robin Hughes
22.
Martin Milner
–
Martin Sam Milner was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Milner is best known for his performances in two series, Route 66, which aired on CBS from 1960 to 1964, and Adam-12. His father was a Polish Jewish immigrant, the family left Detroit when he was a young child and moved frequently before settling in Seattle, Washington, by the time he was nine. There he became involved in acting, first in school, when Milner was a teenager, he moved with his family to Los Angeles where his parents hired an acting coach and later an agent for him. Milner had his first screen test and began his career with his debut in the 1947 film Life with Father in the role of John Day. Less than two weeks after filming for that film ended in August 1946, Milner contracted poliomyelitis and he recovered within a year and had bit parts in two more films before graduating from North Hollywood High School in 1949. He immediately landed a role in the film Sands of Iwo Jima starring John Wayne. He also had a role in Richard Fleischers Compulsion, featuring Orson Welles, on the set of Halls of Montezuma in 1950 he met and befriended actor Jack Webb. Soon thereafter, he began intermittent work on Webbs radio series Dragnet, Milner attended the University of Southern California where he studied theater. He dropped out after a year in the fall of 1950 to concentrate on acting and he made his first television appearance in 1950 as a guest star in episode 28 titled Pay Dirt on The Lone Ranger. That same year, he began a role as Drexel Potter on the ABC Television sitcom The Stu Erwin Show. In 1952, Milner began a stint in the United States Army. He was assigned to Special Services at Fort Ord on Californias Monterey Bay Peninsula and he also emceed and performed in skits in a touring unit show to entertain the soldiers. Milner was encouraged by fellow soldier David Janssen to pursue a career when his time in the Army ended. He also appeared on six episodes of Webbs Dragnet television series between 1952 and 1955, after his military service ended, Milner had a recurring role on The Life of Riley from 1953 to 1958. He was one of the stars of 1967s Valley of the Dolls, in 1960, Milner won the role of Tod Stiles in CBS television series, Route 66, from 1960 to 1964. Created by Stirling Silliphant, Route 66 is essentially about two regular, but distinctly different young men in a car touring the United States, tods traveling partner on his escapades was his friend Buz Murdock, a former employee of his fathers played by George Maharis. During the series season, Milner got a new co-star as Glenn Corbett was brought in to replace Maharis
Martin Milner
–
Milner in 1960
Martin Milner
–
Milner in 1975
Martin Milner
–
Milner (left) and George Maharis in Route 66 publicity still, 1962
23.
I Confess (film)
–
I Confess is a 1953 film noir directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and starring Montgomery Clift as Fr. Michael William Logan, a Catholic priest, Anne Baxter as Ruth Grandfort, the film is based on a 1902 French play by Paul Anthelme called Nos deux consciences, which Hitchcock saw in the 1930s. The screenplay was written by George Tabori, filming was done largely on location in Quebec City with numerous shots of the city landscape and interiors of its churches and other emblematic buildings, such as the Château Frontenac. Father Michael Logan is a devout Catholic priest in Ste and he employs German immigrants Otto Keller and his wife Alma as caretaker and housekeeper. Otto also works part-time as a gardener for a lawyer called Villette. The film begins late one evening, as a man wearing a priests cassock walks away from Villettes house, shortly afterward, in the church confessional, Keller confesses to Father Logan that he accidentally killed Villette while trying to rob him. Keller tells his wife about his deed and assures her that the priest will not say anything because he is forbidden from revealing information acquired through confessions, the next morning, Keller goes to Villettes house at his regularly scheduled gardening time and reports Villettes death to the police. Father Logan also goes to the scene after hearing Mrs. Keller mention that her husband is there. At the police station, two young girls tell Inspector Larrue they saw a priest leaving Villettes house and this prompts Larrue to call Father Logan in for questioning, but Logan refuses to provide any information about the murder. Ruth overhears Robertson discussing Logan, and Larrues detective discovers her identity by following her home the day after she meets with Logan to warn him that he is a suspect. The day after Logan returned from the war, he and Ruth spent the day on a nearby island, a storm forced them to shelter for the night in a gazebo, and Villette found them there in the morning, recognizing Ruth as being Mrs. Grandfort. The next time Ruth saw Logan was several years later, when he was ordained as a priest. Villette recently asked Ruth to persuade her husband to him escape a tax scandal. She met with Logan on the night of the murder, knowing he will be arrested, Logan turns himself in the next day at Larrues office. Keller has planted the bloody cassock among Logans belongings, and when Logan is tried in court, Keller testifies that he saw Logan enter the church after the murder, the jury barely finds Father Logan not guilty, but the crowd outside the courthouse harasses Logan as he leaves. This upsets Kellers wife so much that she starts to shout out that her husband is the murderer and he then runs away and is pursued by police officers. A police sharpshooter kills Keller when Keller tries to shoot Logan, Michael William Logan Anne Baxter as Ruth Grandfort Karl Malden as Inspector Larrue Brian Aherne as Willy Robertson O. E. In the original screenplay, following the play, the priest and his lover had an illegitimate baby
I Confess (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
I Confess (film)
–
Montgomery Clift in the I Confess film trailer
I Confess (film)
–
Anne Baxter in the I Confess trailer
24.
Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein
–
In 1954 he founded Granada Television, which was one of the original four ITA franchisees. He believed the Norths media industry had potential to be cultivated, Granada Television eventually became one of the most successful British production companies in history and still produces programmes in 2011 under the ITV Studios moniker. He is described by the British Film Institute as the dominant influence on the growth, Bernstein left school at 15 and he gradually inherited the property portfolio his father had built. Bernstein built, with his brother Cecil, a circuit of some sixty cinemas and theatres. Some of the cinema were on property he inherited from his father, the Bernstein holdings eventually encompassed interests in publishing, real estate, motorway services, retail shops and bowling alleys, as well as the hugely profitable television-rental business. Bernstein was a co-founder of the London Film Society in 1925, where he met and befriended the young Alfred Hitchcock, who became a lifelong friend and eventual producing partner. He also ventured into theatre, building an elegant new venue which housed the premiere of Private Lives by Noël Coward, though his involvement with the live stage was short-lived, he was passionate about the construction of state-of-the-art film palaces throughout Britain. By 1943, Bernstein was also a member of SHAEF and worked on films which would help the new Allies, Britain and America and he read and advised on early drafts of Mrs. As the invasion of France loomed, Bernstein brought his friend Alfred Hitchcock back from Hollywood to Britain to work on two documentary films for the post-invasion French audience. The London-based Granada group surprised establishment thinkers by not bidding for a contract in the affluent South East. Instead, Granada pursued the weekday licences centred on Manchester in the industrial North, embracing an area extending across the north of England, granadas evidence to the Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting in 1961 justified this decision, The North and London were the two biggest regions. Granada preferred the North because of its tradition of home-grown culture, in 1991, Granada Theatres Ltd was sold to Bass. In 1954, Bernstein won a licence to broadcast commercial television to the north of England including key urban areas such as Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds. Bernstein wanted the north of England as this would not have any effect on viewers at his theatres which were predominantly based in the south of England. Furthermore, he believed the north of England had a cultural heart that had potential to be cultivated which would translate itself into good television. The North and London were the two biggest regions, Granada preferred the North because of its tradition of home-grown culture, and because it offered a chance to start a new creative industry away from the metropolitan atmosphere of London. Compare this with London and its suburbs – full of displaced persons, and, of course, if you look at a map of the concentration of population in the North and a rainfall map, you will see that the North is an ideal place for television. To achieve his aim, Bernstein ordered the building of the United Kingdoms first television studios, construction of Granada Studios began in 1954
Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein
–
The Lord Bernstein
25.
List of Hitchcock cameo appearances
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English film director Alfred Hitchcock made cameo appearances in 39 of his 52 surviving major films. This playful gesture became one of Hitchcocks signatures, and fans would make sport of trying to spot his cameos. As a recurring theme, he would carry a musical instrument — especially memorable was the double bass case that he wrestles onto the train at the beginning of Strangers on a Train. In his earliest appearances, he filled in as an extra in crowds or walking through scenes in long camera shots. His later appearances became more prominent, such as when he turns to see Jane Wymans disguise as she passes him in Stage Fright and his appearances became so popular that he began to make them earlier in his films so as not to distract the audience from the plot. Hitchcock confirms this in extended interviews with François Truffaut, and indeed the majority of his appearances occur within the first half-hour of his films, Hitchcocks longest cameo appearances are in his British films Blackmail and Young and Innocent. He appears in all 30 features from Rebecca onward, before his move to Hollywood and this is a list of Hitchcocks cameo appearances in films that he directed. Alfred Hitchcock regularly made appearances in his films. However, only once did he appear in an installment of his Alfred Hitchcock Presents television show, the one cameo was in the 1958 episode of the third season titled Dip in the Pool. At 5,15 minutes into the episode, Hitchcock appears on the cover of a magazine being read by Mr. Renshaw, Hitchcocks image shows up in Alain Resnaiss Last Year at Marienbad, as an homage to Hitchcocks cameo appearances. Director Richard Franklin incorporates a Hitchcock cameo into Psycho II, even though Hitchcock had been dead for three years. In Gus Van Sants 1998 shot-for-shot remake of Psycho, Van Sant can be standing next to a Hitchcock look-alike at the same point in the film as in the original. As pointed out by Nick @ Nite Rewind, Alfreds shadow appears in an episode of The Odd Couple, cameo picture gallery from Filmsite. com A list of the cameos at Empire magazines website A supercut of Hitchcocks cameos The Hitchcock Cameos, on the Alfred Hitchcock Wiki
List of Hitchcock cameo appearances
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In
To Catch a Thief (1955), Hitchcock appears as the bus passenger on the right.
26.
3D film
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A three-dimensional stereoscopic film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension. The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography, 3D films are not limited to theatrical releases, television broadcasts and direct-to-video films have also incorporated similar methods, especially since the advent of 3D television and Blu-ray 3D. 3D films became more and more throughout the 2000s, culminating in the unprecedented success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009. The stereoscopic era of motion pictures began in the late 1890s when British film pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D film process, in his patent, two films were projected side by side on screen. The viewer looked through a stereoscope to converge the two images, because of the obtrusive mechanics behind this method, theatrical use was not practical. Frederic Eugene Ives patented his stereo camera rig in 1900, the camera had two lenses coupled together 1¾ inches apart. On June 10,1915, Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell presented tests to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York City. However, according to Adolph Zukor in his 1953 autobiography The Public Is Never Wrong, My 50 Years in the Motion Picture Industry, nothing was produced in this process after these tests. The earliest confirmed 3D film shown to an audience was The Power of Love. The camera rig was a product of the producer, Harry K. Fairall. Whether Fairall used colored filters on the ports or whether he used tinted prints is unknown. After a preview for exhibitors and press in New York City, the film dropped out of sight, apparently not booked by exhibitors, and is now considered lost. Kelley then struck a deal with Samuel Roxy Rothafel to premiere the first in his series of Plasticon shorts entitled Movies of the Future at the Rivoli Theater in New York City. Also in December 1922, Laurens Hammond premiered his Teleview system, Teleview was the first alternating-frame 3D system seen by the public. Using left-eye and right-eye prints and two interlocked projectors, left and right frames were alternately projected, each pair being shown three times to suppress flicker. Viewing devices attached to the armrests of the seats had rotary shutters that operated synchronously with the projector shutters, producing a clean. The show ran for weeks, apparently doing good business as a novelty. In 1922, Frederic Eugene Ives and Jacob Leventhal began releasing their first stereoscopic shorts made over a three-year period, the first film, entitled Plastigrams, was distributed nationally by Educational Pictures in the red-and-blue anaglyph format
3D film
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Fairall in 1922
3D film
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Fairall's 3D camera
3D film
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Audience wearing special glasses watch a 3D "stereoscopic film" at the Telekinema on the South Bank in London during the
Festival of Britain 1951.
3D film
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Shooting of the film
Hidden Universe 3D with
IMAX camera.
27.
Blu-ray
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Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition, the plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Conventional Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs being the standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs and quadruple layers are available for BD-XL re-writer drives, the name Blu-ray refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs. The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as films and physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats, high-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution, at up to 60 frames per second. DVD discs had been limited to a resolution of 480p or 576p. The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its release in June 2006. During the high definition disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008. According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales, Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand and the continued sale of DVDs. As of January 2016, 44% of U. S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player, the information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, Sony started two projects in collaboration with Philips applying the new diodes, UDO, and DVR Blue, a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc. The core technologies of the formats are similar, the first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 by Sony. A trademark for the Blue Disc logo was filed February 9,2001, on February 19,2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members. The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10,2003, the Sony BDZ-S77, but there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for this player. On October 4,2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association, the Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004
Blu-ray
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A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (
BD-RE).
Blu-ray
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Blu-ray Disc
Blu-ray
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100 GB BDXL Triple layer disc made by
Sharp
Blu-ray
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Ultra HD Blu-ray
28.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
Rotten Tomatoes
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60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%
