1.
El Rey Theatre
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The El Rey Theatre is a live music venue in the Miracle Mile area of the Mid-Wilshire region in Los Angeles, California. This art deco building was designed by Clifford A. Balch, much of the theatre, including the lobby, still retains its art deco roots, admired for its Zigzag and Streamline Moderne design. El Rey was built in 1936 as a movie theatre. The capacity is 771 and it also has a VIP balcony in the back, the theatre was designated as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No.520 on February 26,1991. In 1995 it was featured as the setting of the music video for the Cowboy Junkies song Angel Mine from the Lay It Down album. In January 2008, comedy rock band The Aquabats shot part of the pilot for their television series The Aquabats, in the theater as part of an exclusive partial concert for members of the bands fan club. Historic-Cultural Monument Report Theatres designed by Clifford A. Balch El Rey Theatres Official Website El Rey Theatres Google+ Page El Rey Theatre at CinemaTreasures. org
2.
Cape Town
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Cape Town is a coastal city in South Africa. It is the second-most populous urban area in South Africa after Johannesburg and it is also the capital and primate city of the Western Cape province. As the seat of the Parliament of South Africa, it is also the capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality, the city is famous for its harbour, for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region, and for such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. As of 2014, it is the 10th most populous city in Africa and it is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for immigrants and expatriates to South Africa. The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design, in 2014, Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both the American New York Times and the British Daily Telegraph. Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was first developed by the Dutch East India Company as a station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa, India. Jan van Riebeecks arrival on 6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa, Cape Town quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa, the earliest known remnants in the region were found at Peers Cave in Fish Hoek and date to between 15,000 and 12,000 years ago. It was later renamed by John II of Portugal as Cape of Good Hope because of the optimism engendered by the opening of a sea route to India. Vasco da Gama recorded a sighting of the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, in the late 16th century, Portuguese, French, Danish, Dutch and English but mainly Portuguese ships regularly stopped over in Table Bay en route to the Indies. They traded tobacco, copper and iron with the Khoikhoi in exchange for fresh meat, the settlement grew slowly during this period, as it was hard to find adequate labour. This labour shortage prompted the authorities to import slaves from Indonesia, many of these became ancestors of the first Cape Coloured communities. Some of these, including grapes, cereals, ground nuts, potatoes, apples and citrus, had an important, the Dutch Republic being transformed in Revolutionary Frances vassal Batavian Republic, Great Britain moved to take control of its colonies. Britain captured Cape Town in 1795, but the Cape was returned to the Dutch by treaty in 1803, British forces occupied the Cape again in 1806 following the Battle of Blaauwberg. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, Cape Town was permanently ceded to Britain and it became the capital of the newly formed Cape Colony, whose territory expanded very substantially through the 1800s. With expansion came calls for independence from Britain, with the Cape attaining its own parliament. Suffrage was established according to the non-racial, but sexist Cape Qualified Franchise, the discovery of diamonds in Griqualand West in 1867, and the Witwatersrand Gold Rush in 1886, prompted a flood of immigrants to South Africa
3.
Electronic dance music
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Electronic dance music is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals. EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA. In the United Kingdom and in continental Europe, EDM is more commonly called dance music or simply dance. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, at this time a perceived association between EDM and drug culture led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture. By the early 2010s the term dance music and the initialism EDM was being pushed by the US music industry. Early examples of dance music include the disco music of Giorgio Moroder. During the early 1980s, the popularity of disco music declined in the United States, abandoned by major US record labels. European disco continued evolving within the mainstream pop music scene. European acts Silver Convention, Love and Kisses, Munich Machine, and American acts Donna Summer, in 1977, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte produced I Feel Love for Donna Summer. It became the first well-known disco hit to have a completely synthesised backing track, other disco producers, most famously American producer Tom Moulton, grabbed ideas and techniques from dub music to provide alternatives to the four on the floor style that dominated. The sound that originated from P-Funk the electronic side of disco, dub music. Much of the music produced during this time was, like disco, at this time creative control started shifting to independent record companies, less established producers, and club DJs. Other dance styles that began to become popular during the era include dance-pop, boogie, electro, Italo disco, house. In the early 1980s, electro emerged as a fusion of funk, also called electro-boogie, but later shortened to electro, cited pioneers include Zapp, D. Train, Sinnamon. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, as the electronic sound developed, instruments such as the bass guitar and drums were replaced by synthesizers and most notably by iconic drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. Early uses of the TR-808 include several Yellow Magic Orchestra tracks in 1980-1981, the 1982 track Planet Rock by Afrikaa Bambaataa, and the 1982 song Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. In 1982, producer Arthur Baker with Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal Planet Rock which was influenced by the Yellow Magic Orchestra using Kraftwerk samples, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak
4.
Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
5.
Jack Parow
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Zander Tyler, better known by his stage name Jack Parow, is an Afrikaner rapper from Cape Town, South Africa. He is well known for his contribution to the song Die Vraagstuk with Die Heuwels Fantasties and he has contributed and collaborated with various other artists such as Die Heuwels Fantasties, Die Antwoord and Francois Van Coke. Parow wanted to be a rapper since he was in primary school, although he started rapping in English, he soon decided that he preferred Afrikaans. His first hit came with his single Cooler as Ekke, which was promoted by friends in Die Heuwels Fantasties and he has since released four studio albums and toured around the world. The filming took place as two legs over 30 days, during which Parow performed once in at least each of South Africas nine provinces, in January 2017 Parow launched his own brandy product known as Parow Brandy. He is currently managed by Fokofpolisiekar and Van Coke Kartel member, Parow has a daughter, Ruby Tyler, born in 2012 to his long-term girlfriend, Jenna Pietersen. Ruby was the inspiration for Parows 2014 song Dis Befok, Jack Parows first release was the Cooler as ekke EP in December 2009. It was released as an edition of 600 USB flash drives in the shape of an ice-cream-cone. Studio Albums Jack Parow Eksie Ou Nag Van Die Lang Pette Dis Hoe Ons Rol Extended Plays Cooler as Ekke EP From Parow with Love EP Jackparow. com Official Website
6.
Marilyn Manson
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Brian Hugh Warner, better known by the stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, composer, actor, painter, author and former music journalist. His stage name was formed by combining and juxtaposing the names of two American pop cultural icons, actress Marilyn Monroe and cult leader Charles Manson. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had eight releases debut in the top ten. Manson has been ranked number 44 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader, Manson made his film debut in 1997 as an actor in David Lynchs Lost Highway. Since then he has appeared in a variety of minor roles and he was interviewed in Michael Moores political documentary Bowling for Columbine, discussing possible motivations for the 1999 Columbine massacre and allegations that his music was somehow a factor. On September 13–14,2002, his first art show, The Golden Age of Grotesque, was held at the Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions center. Manson revealed a series of 20 paintings in 2010 entitled Genealogies of Pain, an exhibition showcased at Kunsthalle gallery in Vienna, Austria, which the artist collaborated on with David Lynch. Warner and guitarist Scott Daisy Berkowitz Putesky formed Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids following conversations at the Reunion Room in Fort Lauderdale, the name was later shortened to Marilyn Manson. In 1993, the band drew the attention of Trent Reznor, Reznor produced their 1994 debut album, Portrait of an American Family and released it on his Nothing Records label. The band began to develop a following, which grew larger on the Downward Spiral Tour that featured Nine Inch Nails. That EP yielded the bands first big MTV hit with Sweet Dreams, antichrist Superstar was an even greater success. In the U. S. alone, three of the albums have been awarded two platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had seven releases debut in the top ten. Manson first worked as a producer with the band Jack Off Jill and he helped name the band and produced most of the bands early recordings, and also played guitar on the song My Cat and had the band open most of his South Florida shows. Manson later wrote the notes to the bands album Humid Teenage Mediocrity 1992–1996. Manson has appeared as a guest performer on DMXs album Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood, in 2011 it was revealed that Manson was to appear on the singer Skylar Greys album Invinsible on the track entitled Cant Haunt Me. Manson released his studio album, Born Villain, in May 2012. On November 10,2014, Manson posted via his official Facebook page that his studio album, The Pale Emperor. On August 15,2015, Manson had New Orleans brass ensemble the Soul Rebels perform Beautiful People with him live in Japan at the Summer Sonic Music Festival, shooter Jennings album Countach features Manson performing guest vocals on a cover of David Bowies Cat People
7.
Fokofpolisiekar
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Fokofpolisiekar is an Afrikaans alternative rock band from Bellville, near Cape Town, South Africa. Due to the obscenity in the name, they are commonly known simply as Polisiekar or FPK. The band was formed in April 2003, initially as a joke to shock the mostly conservative Afrikaner community with its name, all the members were well known in local underground music circles from their work in the bands New World Inside, 7th Breed and 22 Stars. Their first complete album, Lugsteuring, produced by John Paul De Stefani, was released in 2004, followed in 2005 with another EP, in 2006 they released both an EP, Brand Suid-Afrika, and, a new album Swanesang, that included the hit single Brand Suid-Afrika. In late 2005, drummer Jaco Venter jumped out of a vehicle while the band was touring through South Africa. He suffered multiple injuries and was replaced by Justin Kruger, who was previously the drummer for ultra-conservative Christian band and he ended up working on their Brand Suid-Afrika album, as well as some tracks on the bands latest album, Swanesang. Brand Suid-Afrika had the return to their roots. Swanesang, their last full-length album, with more predominant acoustic elements and they have also recorded a cover version of Depeche Modes Shake the Disease for the South African Depeche Mode tribute album Mode of Obscurity. In September 2008 the band released an EP/DVD entitled Antibiotika, which was recorded at Belville Studios in Cape Town. The EP features 4 new tracks, as well as a DVD featuring all of the music videos. In 2009, a documentary about the band was released, Fokofpolisiekar, Forgive Them for They Know Not What They Do premiered at the 2009 Encounters International Documentary Film Festival in July, where it won the Audience Award. It was released nationwide in theatres across South Africa on 23 October 2009, in March 2011, Protea Boekhuis published an authorised biography of the band entitled Biografie Van n Bende. Written by author Annie Klopper, it explores the history of the band, their lifestyle, Fokofpolisiekar have performed at various venues throughout South Africa, and in October 2005 the band toured the United Kingdom. They also toured Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom during November 2006, on 23 March 2017, the band announced that they would be recording their next studio album, using Thundafund to fund the recording. Their material can be compared to such as Alkaline Trio. At the Stellenbosch launch of the Monoloog in Stereo EP, Francois Van Coke referenced a Queens of the Stone Age DVD they watched earlier that day, the band mostly performs music that can be classified as alternative rock, varying somewhat between albums and songs. Their music provide commentary on all aspects of South African life and they provide various commentary on religion in South Africa, ranging from blasphemous references to subjective experiences of disbelief. They changed musically with every album released, from a raw sounding EPs to more mature Swanesang with rock music influence, songs like Heiden Heiland, Prioritiseer, Brand Suid-Afrika and Backstage off Swanesang displayed a more mature style of songwriting, as well as better studio production
8.
Aphex Twin
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Richard David James, known by his stage name Aphex Twin, is an Irish-born English electronic musician and composer. He is known for his influential and idiosyncratic work in music styles such as IDM and acid techno in the 1990s. He is also the co-founder of Rephlex Records with Grant Wilson-Claridge and he rose to mainstream popularity with his 1997 EP Come to Daddy and his 1999 single Windowlicker. James was born in Limerick, Ireland, and grew up in Lanner, Cornwall, UK and he enjoyed living there, feeling apart from nearby cities and the rest of the world. You couldnt make sound on a ZX81, but I played around with machine code, according to musician Benjamin Middleton, James began producing music the following year. As a teenager he was a jockey at the Shire Horse Inn in St Ives, with Tom Middleton at the Bowgie Inn in Crantock. James studied at Cornwall College from 1988 to 1990 for a National Diploma in engineering, about his studies, he said music and electronics went hand in hand. James graduated from college, according to a lecturer he often wore headphones during practical lessons. In 1989, James befriended Grant Wilson-Claridge when they were working alternate weeks as a DJ at the Bowgie pub near Newquay, Wilson-Claridge was intrigued by his sets, and when he discovered that James was playing tapes of his own music he suggested that they make records. James first release as Aphex Twin, later changed to AFX, was the 1991 12-inch EP Analogue Bubblebath on Mighty Force Records, the track En Trance to Exit was recorded with Tom Middleton, also known as Schizophrenia. The EP made the playlist of Kiss FM, an influential London radio station, from 1991 to 1993 James released two Analogue Bubblebath EPs and an EP, Bradleys Beat, as Bradley Strider. Although he allegedly lived on the roundabout in Elephant and Castle, South London, during his years in the city. The first full-length Aphex Twin album, Selected Ambient Works 85–92, was released in 1992 on R&S Records to critical acclaim, John Bush of Allmusic described it as a watershed of ambient music. In 2002 Rolling Stone said about the album, Aphex Twin expanded way beyond the ambient music of Brian Eno by fusing lush soundscapes with oceanic beats, Pitchfork Media called it among the most interesting music ever created with a keyboard and a computer. However, critics noted that the songs were recorded on cassette, in 1992 James also released the Xylem Tube EP and Digeridoo as Aphex Twin, the Pac-Man EP as Power-Pill, and two of his four Joyrex EPs as Caustic Window. Digeridoo reached #55 on the UK Singles Chart, and was described by Rolling Stone as foreshadowing drum. He wrote Digeridoo to clear up his audience after a rave and these early releases were on Rephlex Records, Mighty Force of Exeter and R&S Records of Belgium. Warp Records released Selected Ambient Works Volume II in 1994, with a less beat-, the track names were described with pie chart symbols, each of which was meant to be paired with a corresponding image in the album jacket
9.
Watkin Tudor Jones
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Watkin Tudor Jones, also known by his stage name Ninja, is a South African rapper, record producer, and actor, best known for his role as the male vocalist of rap-rave group Die Antwoord. Jones comes from Johannesburg, South Africa, where he attended Parktown Boys High School, Jones left school in 1992, one year before graduating. He divides his time between Los Angeles and Cape Town, Jones was a part of the South African hip-hop scene for many years. TV, and The Constructus Corporation. He is best known as Ninja from Die Antwoord, Jones has embarked on various other endeavors, notably graphic art and stuffed animal making. Yolandi Visser, Joness former partner, has been a frequent collaborator and is also a member of Die Antwoord, the two have a daughter together, named Sixteen. Jones was the lead vocalist of Max Normal, a hip hop act. The band performed at festivals around South Africa, including Up the Creek, Splashy Fen. They also played in London and three shows at the Pukkelpop Festival in Belgium and they were a South African hip-hop crew that performed live wearing three-piece suits while frontman MaxNormal delivered his motivational speaking style raps to the audience. In early 2002, Jones disbanded Max Normal, just as the band was reaching South African stardom, headlining festivals like Oppikoppi and charting on 5FM. These sessions spawned the Man Who Never Came Back track on African Dopes Cape Of Good Dope compilation in 2002, Yolandi Visser, listed as Anica The Snuffling on the credits, was also involved. After a production process including mix and master by Krushed & Sorted, In 3 June 2002, the Constructus Corporation disbanded in 2003 after releasing The Ziggurat. Not the same group as Max Normal, MaxNormal. tv was formed by Jones without the members of Max Normal. Die Antwoord is a group formed in 2008 and composed of Ninja, Yolandi Visser. The band self-identifies as a melange of several diverse cultures all mixed into one, Die Antwoord toured Europe in April 2010 and the U. S. later that same year. Their debut album $O$ was made available as a download on their official website. In late 2009 South African cinematographer Rob Malpage co-directed, co-produced and lensed the video for their single Enter the Ninja, the promo became a viral video on the internet nine months later, delivering millions of hits to the official Die Antwoord website, eventually crashing the websites server. The video also features South African progeria sufferer Leon Botha, a prominent Cape Town artist, Die Antwoord performs Zef music, zef being a South African slang term that describes a unique South African style which is modern while including out-of-date, discarded cultural and style elements. Their lyrics are humorous and explicit, and performed in both Afrikaans and English, members of the band consider themselves as hip hop artists, but specifically refer to their music as zef rap-rave
10.
Leon Botha
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Botha was born in Cape Town, South Africa and lived there until his death. He was diagnosed with progeria around the age of 4 years and he had no formal training in art beyond high school courses at the Tygerberg Art Centre, but became a full-time painter after graduation, doing commissioned works. In 2005, Botha successfully underwent heart surgery to prevent a heart attack due to progeria-related atherosclerosis. In January 2007, Botha had his first solo art exhibition, entitled Liquid Sword, I am HipHop and it took place at the Rust-en-Vrede gallery in Durbanville and was opened by Mr Fat of the South African hip hop group Brasse Vannie Kaap. His second solo exhibition opened in March 2009 and featured pieces of the artists life, Botha was asked if the title Liquid Swords, Slices of Lemon referred to the adage If life gives you lemons, make lemonade. I slice em and serve em back, in January 2010 he hosted the first exhibit of Who Am I. Transgressions, a collaboration with Gordon Clark, at the João Ferreira Gallery in Cape Town. Botha said of the exhibition, I am a spiritual being, then Im a human being and this part of the human being is the body, which has a condition. Botha was also engaged in deejaying and turntablism under the name DJ Solarize and he was featured alongside Watkin Tudor Jones, aka Ninja, in the music video Enter the Ninja from Die Antwoord. In November 2010, Botha suffered a stroke, Botha died from complications of progeria in Cape Town one day after his 26th birthday. Botha was the inspiration for the one-act opera Solarize, by Marcin Stańczyk, libretto by Andrzej Szpindler, which debuted in Warsaw in April 2014 at Teatr Wielki, leon Bothas profile from africanhiphop. com, at archive. org
11.
Diplo
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Thomas Wesley Pentz, better known by his stage name Diplo, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and record executive based in Los Angeles, California. He is the co-creator and lead member of the dancehall music project, Major Lazer. He founded and manages record company Mad Decent, as well as co-founding the non-profit organization Heaps Decent, among other jobs, he has worked as a schoolteacher in Philadelphia. His 2013 EP Revolution debuted at number 68 on the US Billboard 200, the song was later featured in a commercial for Hyundai and is featured on the WWE 2K16 soundtrack. During his rise to fame, Diplo worked with British musician M. I. A. an artist who is credited with giving him exposure in his early career. Later, he and fellow M. I. A. producer Switch created a Jamaican dancehall project, since then, Diplo has worked on production and mixtape projects with many other pop artists, such as Gwen Stefani, M. I. A. Die Antwoord, Tinie Tempah, Britney Spears, Madonna, Shakira, Banda Uó, Beyoncé, No Doubt, Justin Bieber, Usher, Wale, Big Sean, Snoop Dogg, Chris Brown, Ellie Goulding, MØ, Sean Paul and G-Dragon. His alias, short for Diplodocus, derives from his fascination with dinosaurs. Diplo co-produced tracks on Rebel Heart, Lemonade and Purpose, Diplo was born on November 10,1978 in Tupelo, Mississippi, the son of Barbara Jean and Thomas Pentz. He is of German and English descent, the influence of home-grown rap played a key role in helping shape his production style. He spent the majority of his youth in Miami, where he got a taste for the characteristic Miami bass. He began attending the University of Central Florida in 1997, and then moved to Philadelphia to continue his studies at Temple University, the success of these parties allowed the two to release mixtapes, both separate and together, gathering acclaim across the country. I. A. Diplo accentuated the club aesthetic of his Hollertronix music for a more reflective sound on his debut, Florida. The album Florida was pressed twice, first with a CD, the DVD was created by System D-128, another artist who has collaborated with Diplo on some audio and video projects. It was a 45 rpm record called Thingamajawn for which there is also a music video System D-128 directed, similar to the Florida DVD, Banned in Libya is an experimental audio and video mix of some of Diplos original music blended with a number of other unidentified sources. It was not long before his Hooked on Hollertronix parties would provide him the necessary to move to the next logical step. With this goal in mind, Diplo built The Mausoleum, a studio, recording studio, record label office, gallery. Since its inception, The Mausoleum has become the home to recordings by artists like Christina Aguilera, Shakira, Santigold, Spank Rock, Plastic Little, Blaqstarr, Paper Route Gangstaz, and hosted concerts by Glass Candy, Skream, Boys Noize, Nicos Gun, and more
12.
Flea (musician)
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Michael Peter Balzary, better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as a founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This and he has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon. Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, in 2009, Rolling Stone readers ranked Flea the second-best bassist of all time, behind John Entwistle. In 2012 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the members of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. In 2014, Flea returned to acting in the film Low Down, Flea is the co-founder of Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a non-profit music education organization founded in 2001 for underprivileged children. Michael Peter Balzary was born on October 16,1962 in the Melbourne suburb of Mount Waverley and he is of Hungarian and Irish descent. His father, Mick Balzary, a fisherman, often took him fishing. When Flea was seven, his family moved to Larchmont, New York for his fathers career, Flea and his siblings stayed with their mother Patricia, who soon remarried to a jazz musician. He was first called Flea as a child for his inability to sit still. Fleas stepfather, Walter Abdul Urban, frequently invited musicians to his house, the family moved again to Los Angeles, California, where Flea became fascinated with the trumpet. He had no interest in music at the time, he idolized jazz musicians like Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong. His stepfather was an alcoholic, who eventually became involved in shoot-outs with police. I was raised in a violent, alcoholic household, Flea later said, I grew up being terrified of my parents. It caused a lot of later in life. To cope, Flea began smoking cannabis at 13, and became a daily user, Flea, who was then nicknamed Mike K the Flea, attended Fairfax High School, and was somewhat of an outcast due to his taste in music and sex fetishes. However, he soon met Anthony Kiedis, and after a brief confrontation, Kiedis recalled, We were drawn to each other by the forces of mischief and love and we became virtually inseparable. We found each other and it turned out to be the friendship of my life. Flea was turned on to music by Hillel Slovak
13.
Dita Von Teese
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Dita Von Teese is an American burlesque dancer, vedette, model, costume designer, entrepreneur and occasional actress. She is thought to have helped repopularize burlesque performance, and was married to Marilyn Manson. Von Teese was born in Rochester, Michigan, the middle of three daughters and her father was a machinist and her mother a manicurist. She is of English, Scottish, Armenian, and German heritage, Dita has stated that one of her grandmothers was half-Armenian and adopted into an Anglo-Saxon American family. Von Teese is known for her fascination with 1940s cinema and classic vintage style and this began at a young age and was fostered by her mother, who would buy clothes for her daughter to dress up. Her mother was a fan of old, Golden Age-era Hollywood films and she was classically trained as a ballet dancer from an early age, and danced solo at age 13 for a local ballet company. Though she originally wanted to be a ballerina, Von Teese states that by 15 and she was later to incorporate this element into her burlesque shows, where she frequently goes en pointe. The family relocated from Michigan to Orange County, California, when her fathers job moved, Von Teese attended University High School in Irvine, California. When Von Teese was a teenager, her mother took her to buy her first bra, made from white cotton. Von Teese says she was disappointed, as she had been hoping to receive beautiful lacy garments and stockings and this fueled her passion for lingerie. She worked in a store as a salesgirl when she was 15. Von Teese has been fond of wearing elaborate lingerie such as corsets, in college, Von Teese studied historic costuming and aspired to work as a stylist for films. She is a costume designer, often designing her photo shoots herself. Von Teese got her name by adopting the name Dita as a tribute to silent film actress Dita Parlo. For her breakthrough December 2002 Playboy cover, she was required to have a surname, in the magazine, this was misspelled as Von Teese, which she decided to stick with. Von Teese achieved some level of recognition in the world as a tightlacer. Through the wearing of a corset for many years, she had reduced her waistline to 22 inches, Von Teese appeared on a number of fetish magazine covers, including Bizarre and Marquis. It was around this time when she appeared on the cover of Midoris book, Von Teese was featured in Playboy in 1999,2001, and 2002, with a cover-featured pictorial in 2002
14.
Jack Black
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Thomas Jacob Jack Black is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and singer. His acting career has been extensive, starring primarily in comedy films and he has been nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. Black is the lead vocalist of the rock group Tenacious D which he formed in 1994 with friend Kyle Gass. They have released the albums Tenacious D, The Pick of Destiny and his mother was born Jewish, while his father converted to Judaism. Black was raised in the Jewish faith, attending Hebrew school, on a guest appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, he said his surname may have come from the occupational name of blacksmith. Blacks parents divorced when he was 10, Black moved to Culver City with his father, as a child, Black appeared in a commercial for the Activision game Pitfall. in 1982. This was shown during his appearances as an adult actor on Jimmy Kimmel Live. For high school, Blacks parents enrolled him at the Poseidon School, Black also attended the Crossroads School, where he excelled in drama. He later attended UCLA but dropped out during his year to pursue a career in entertainment. Fellow UCLA student, Tim Robbins, later cast Black in Bob Roberts, Black gained recurring roles on the HBO sketch comedy series, Mr. Show. Black first acted in a commercial at age 13 for the video game Pitfall. Blacks adult career began with acting on prime time television and he played roles on shows including Life Goes On, Northern Exposure, Mr. Show, Picket Fences, The Golden Palace, and The X-Files. Black appeared in the unaired TV pilot Heat Vision and Jack, directed by Ben Stiller and he was accompanied by his friend who had merged with a motorcycle, voiced by Owen Wilson. Black later took on roles in Airborne, Demolition Man, Waterworld, The Fan, The Cable Guy. Tim Robbins Dead Man Walking, The Jackal, Enemy of the State and he had a small role in True Romance as a security guard, but the scene was deleted. In 2000, Black appeared in the movie High Fidelity as an employee in John Cusacks record store. He soon gained leading roles in such as Shallow Hal, Nacho Libre, Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny, Year One. He received particular praise for his role in the well-received School of Rock, earning critical acclaim
15.
Yolandi Visser
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YoLandi Visser born Anri du Toit is an actress and the female vocalist in the South African electronic group Die Antwoord. Visser appeared in the 2015 film Chappie, Visser also co-starred in Umshini Wam and Tokoloshe, all three films co-starred bandmate Watkin Tudor Jones. Under her birth name, Visser made two films, Family Picnic and Spook Asem. Visser was a part of the music and art groups The Constructus Corporation, the former was a project that produced a concept album/graphic novel while the latter was a South African corporate hip-hop group in which Vissers role was portraying Max Normals personal assistant. She appeared in several of their music/art videos. is a South African rap group formed in Cape Town in 2008, the group was formed by rappers Ninja and Visser, and producer God. Die Antwoords image is based on a movement known as Zef in South Africa. Die Antwoord released their album, $O$, free online. After briefly signing with Interscope Records, in 2011 they founded their own label Zef Recordz and they released their fourth album, Mount Ninji and da Nice Time Kid, in 2016. At 16 she was sent to an all girls musical school and she has a daughter with her bandmate and former partner Ninja. Yolandi Visser at the Internet Movie Database Yolandi Visser Discography at discogs. com The Constructus Corporation Discography at discogs. com Zef Recordz
16.
God
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In monotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by most theologians includes the attributes of omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, divine simplicity, many theologians also describe God as being omnibenevolent and all loving. Furthermore, some religions attribute only a purely grammatical gender to God, incorporeity and corporeity of God are related to conceptions of transcendence and immanence of God, with positions of synthesis such as the immanent transcendence of Chinese theology. God has been conceived as personal or impersonal. In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, in pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism, God has also been conceived as the source of all moral obligation, and the greatest conceivable existent. Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God, there are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about Gods identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one true Supreme Being and creator of the universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, He Who Is, I Am that I Am, in the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, in Islam, the name Allah is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a concept of God. In Chinese religion, God is conceived as the progenitor of the universe, intrinsic to it, other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Baháí Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism. The earliest written form of the Germanic word God comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus, the English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau-, in the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic God and gods in polytheism. The same holds for Hebrew El, but in Judaism, God is also given a proper name, in many translations of the Bible, when the word LORD is in all capitals, it signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton. Allāh is the Arabic term with no plural used by Muslims and Arabic speaking Christians and Jews meaning The God, Ahura Mazda is the name for God used in Zoroastrianism. Mazda, or rather the Avestan stem-form Mazdā-, nominative Mazdå and it is generally taken to be the proper name of the spirit, and like its Sanskrit cognate medhā, means intelligence or wisdom. Both the Avestan and Sanskrit words reflect Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazdhā-, from Proto-Indo-European mn̩sdʰeh1, literally meaning placing ones mind, Waheguru is a term most often used in Sikhism to refer to God
17.
Afrikaans
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Afrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Hence, it is a language of Dutch, and was previously referred to as Cape Dutch or kitchen Dutch. Although, it is described as a creole, a partially creolised language the least. The term is derived from Dutch Afrikaans-Hollands meaning African Dutch. It is the first language of most of the Afrikaner and Coloured people of Southern Africa, therefore, differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic morphology and grammar of Afrikaans, and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch. There is a degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages—especially in written form. With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa, or 13. 5% of the population and it has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the eleven official languages of South Africa, and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language. About 1. 5% of black South Africans speak it as their first language, large numbers of speakers of Bantu languages and English-speaking South Africans also speak it as their second language. It is taught in schools, with about 10.3 million second-language students and it, along with German, was among the official languages of Namibia until the country became independent in 1990, 25% of the population of Windhoek spoke Afrikaans at home. Both Afrikaans and German survive as recognised regional languages in the country, estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million. The Afrikaans language arose in the Dutch Cape Colony, through a gradual divergence from European Dutch dialects, there is a degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages, particularly in written form. Nevertheless, Dutch speakers are confronted with fewer non-cognates when listening to Afrikaans than the way round. Mutual intelligibility thus tends to be asymmetrical, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch, in general, mutual intelligibility between Dutch and Afrikaans is better than between Dutch and Frisian or between Danish and Swedish. The workers and slaves who contributed to the development of Afrikaans were Asians and Malagasys, as well as the Khoi, San, and Bantu peoples who also lived in the area. African creole people in the early 18th century — documented on the cases of Hendrik Bibault, Only much later in the second half of the 19th century did the Boers adopt this attribution, too. The Khoi and mixed-race groups became collectively referred to as Coloureds, beginning in about 1815, Afrikaans started to replace Malay as the language of instruction in Muslim schools in South Africa, written with the Arabic alphabet, see Arabic Afrikaans. Later, Afrikaans, now written with the Latin alphabet, started to appear in newspapers and political, in 1925, Afrikaans was recognised by the South African government as a real language, rather than simply a slang version of Dutch proper. Before the Boer Wars, and indeed for some time afterwards, rather, Afrikaans was described derogatorily as ‘a kitchen language’ or as ‘a bastard jargon, suitable for communication mainly between the Boers and their servants
18.
South Africa
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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost country in Africa. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and it is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, the remaining population consists of Africas largest communities of European, Asian, and multiracial ancestry. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a variety of cultures, languages. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the recognition of 11 official languages. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup détat, however, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a role in the countrys recent history. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation, since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the countrys democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the Rainbow Nation to describe the multicultural diversity. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an economy. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed, nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence. The name South Africa is derived from the geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, since 1961 the long form name in English has been the Republic of South Africa. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid-Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid-Afrika, since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages. Mzansi, derived from the Xhosa noun umzantsi meaning south, is a name for South Africa. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human fossil sites in the world, extensive fossil remains have been recovered from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has termed the Cradle of Humankind
19.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
20.
Counterculture
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A counterculture is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes, John Milton Yinger originated the term contraculture in his 1960 article in American Sociological Review. Some scholars have attributed the counterculture to Theodore Roszak, author of The Making of a Counter Culture and it became prominent in the news media amid the social revolution that swept the Americas, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand during the 1960s. Scholars differ in the characteristics and specificity they attribute to counterculture, mainstream culture is of course also difficult to define, and in some ways becomes identified and understood through contrast with counterculture. Counterculture might oppose mass culture, or middle-class culture and values, Counterculture is sometimes conceptualized in terms of generational conflict and rejection of older or adult values. Counterculture may or may not be explicitly political and it typically involves criticism or rejection of currently powerful institutions, with accompanying hope for a better life or a new society. It does not look favorably on party politics or authoritarianism, typically, a fringe culture expands and grows into a counterculture by defining its own values in opposition to mainstream norms. Countercultures tend to peak, then go into decline, leaving an impact on mainstream cultural values. Their life cycles include phases of rejection, growth, partial acceptance, during the late 1960s, hippies became the largest and most visible countercultural group in the United States. The cultural shadows left by the Romantics, Bohemians, Beats, the counterculture of the 1960s and early 1970s generated its own unique brand of notable literature, including comics and cartoons, and sometimes referred to as the underground press. In the United States, this includes the work of Robert Crumb and Gilbert Shelton, another such hippie/anarchist bookshop was Mushroom Books, tucked away in the Lace Market area of Nottingham. Some genres tend to challenge societies with their content that is meant to question the norms within cultures. More often than not, sources of these controversies can be found in art such as Marcel Duchamp whose piece Fountain was meant to be an attack on the most basic conventions of art in 1917. Instead of being a topic to fear, they have initiated subtle trends that other artists, in order to achieve such liberation, consciousness raising and direct action were employed. At the outset of the 20th century, homosexual acts were punishable offenses in these countries, the prevailing public attitude was that homosexuality was a moral failing that should be punished, as exemplified by Oscar Wildes 1895 trial and imprisonment for gross indecency. But even then, there were dissenting views, according to Charles Kaisers The Gay Metropolis, there were already semi-public gay-themed gatherings by the mid-1930s in the United States. There were also bars and bathhouses that catered to gay clientele, but homosexuality was typically subsumed into bohemian culture, and was not a significant movement in itself
21.
Social movement
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Social movements are a type of group action. They are large, sometimes informal, groupings of individuals or organizations which focus on political or social issues. In other words, they carry out, resist, or undo a social change, modern Western social movements became possible through education and increased mobility of labor due to the industrialization and urbanization of 19th century societies. However, others point out many of the social movements of the last hundred years grew up, like the Mau Mau in Kenya. Either way, social movements have been and continued to be connected with democratic political systems. Occasionally, social movements have been involved in democratizing nations, over the past 200 years, they have become part of a popular and global expression of dissent. Modern movements often utilize technology and the internet to people globally. Adapting to communication trends is a theme among successful movements. Research is beginning to explore how advocacy organizations linked to social movements in the U. S. and Canada use social media to facilitate civic engagement, the systematic literature review of Buettner & Buettner analyzed the role of Twitter during a wide range of social movements. Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements, there is no single consensus definition of a social movement. For Tilly, social movements are a vehicle for ordinary peoples participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a social movement as collective challenges by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and he specifically distinguishes social movements from political parties and advocacy groups. The first mass social movement catalyzed around the political figure. Charged with seditious libel, Wilkes was arrested after the issue of a general warrant, as a result of this episode, Wilkes became a figurehead to the growing movement for popular sovereignty among the middle classes - people began chanting, Wilkes and Liberty in the streets. After a later period of exile, brought about by further charges of libel and obscenity, Wilkes stood for the Parliamentary seat at Middlesex, where most of his support was located. When Wilkes was imprisoned in the Kings Bench Prison on 10 May 1768 and this was the first ever sustained social movement, -it involved public meetings, demonstrations, the distribution of pamphlets on an unprecedented scale and the mass petition march. The force and influence of social movement on the streets of London compelled the authorities to concede to the movements demands. Wilkes was returned to Parliament, general warrants were declared as unconstitutional, the Association had the support of leading Calvinist religious figures, including Rowland Hill, Erasmus Middleton, and John Rippon
22.
Roger Ballen
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Roger Ballen is an American photographer living in Johannesburg, South Africa, and working in its surrounds since the 1970s. His approach has been hailed as among the most unusual and exciting developments in contemporary photography, while Ballens work is often described as dark, he describes his photography as essentially psychological, and speaks of the images referring to humanitys shadow side. He say, Shadow is better than dark, because dark for a lot of people connotates evil, the pictures shouldn’t be seen as dark, and I’m not quite clear what is ‘dark’, anyway. Critics have written about Ballen’s shift from depictions of the everyday to the creation of tableaux vivants noting that the arrangement has defied conventions of documentary photography. In earlier works these were individuals experiencing the dissolution of one order in South Africa in place of another, Ballen was raised in Westchester County outside New York City. After his mother’s premature death in 1973, disillusionment sent him away to travel across Europe, Asia and he began shooting scenes of street life and published Boyhood in 1979 which Pohlmann cites as impressive photos of boys that Ballen had taken while seeking to recreate his own childhood. Returning to the US Ballen studied for a PhD at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, Ballen first came to prominence as a photographer with the publication of Dorps, Small Towns of South Africa. Young calls the view of the Afrikaner underclass dispassionate without comment or obvious involvement – possibly akin to Ballens portrayal of the architecture that surrounded them, as a practising geologist, on field trips Ballen had encountered his subjects living under the imagined benefits of the policies of the regime. The landscape photographs in Dorps would mark the end of Ballens foray into outdoor photography, the year 1994 saw the publication of Platteland, Images from Rural South Africa called by Susan Sontag the most impressive sequence of portraits Ive seen in years. Shadow Chamber further explored the underbelly or the chamber of existence. Boarding House with over 70 black and white images contained tableaux with a emphasis on drawn and sculptural elements. Basic and fundamental, the structure is furnished with objects necessary for an elementary existence, decorated with evocative drawings, and littered throughout with animals. Remnants function there as symbols of events that have occurred in the space. The altered sense of place of the temporary abode created a sense of alienation, asylum of the Birds was a monograph of iconic photographs all taken entirely within the confines of a house in a Johannesburg suburb, the location of which has remained a tightly guarded secret. In 2006 the co-leader of the South African rap group Die Antwoord, Yolandi, in 2008, together with Ballen, Die Antwoord began to appear in a series of photographs that incorporated his later aesthetic and which ultimately would take his imagery to a new audience of millions. In 2011, Ballen directed the video for the song I Fink U Freeky which has garnered over 76 million views on YouTube. In it Powell writes that the works are more than just a record of oddities, eccentricities. The photograph embodies a series of significant choices on the part of the photographer, what Ballen finds a way of articulating and moving inside is the secret life of the soiled self-projected into photographic imagery
23.
$O$
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$O$ is the debut album by South African rap-rave group Die Antwoord. The album was initially a widely circulated internet-only release, and made available to stream for free on the bands prior to Interscope Records signing the band. The song Wat Pomp. had a video released on 6 June 2009, followed by Enter the Ninja. Fish Paste and Beat Boy have also released as promotional singles. Enter the Ninja debuted at #37 in the UK Music Charts on 19 September 2010, following the groups signing to Interscope in the US, it was announced that $O$ would be re-released in physical format with a different track listing. Diplo produced one of the new tracks on the re-release, Evil Boy, the US iTunes digital release includes the previously hidden track $O$ separately, a bonus track Wat Pomp. and an alternate version of Evil Boy titled as Evil Boy not present on US physical release. In an interview with Xeni Jardin, Ninja mentioned that he considered the album to be the first in a five-album plan
24.
Tension (Die Antwoord album)
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Ten$ion is the second studio album by South African hip-hop/rave group Die Antwoord. The album was released on the iTunes Store on 29 January 2012, the album was released on Die Antwoords label Zef Recordz after leaving their previous label Interscope due to pressure on Die Antwoord to become more generic. The album debuted at number 20 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart, a trailer for the album was released 22 January 2012 featuring I Fink U Freeky. The group also appears in both a video and print ads for Alexander Wang fashion line T for Spring 2012, the ad features the song Fatty Boom Boom. The group also had a spot on the American television show Late Show with David Letterman. Letterman, apparently amused by the song, would drop the phrase I think youre freaky. They performed the song on another US late night TV show Jimmy Kimmel Live. Fok Julle Naaiers was released as a video on Vimeo on 7 November 2011. I Fink U Freeky was also released as a video on 31 January,2012 featuring the appearance of Watkins Tudor Jones cousin. On 5 June 2012 a video for Babys on Fire was released, although a single wasnt released for Fatty Boom Boom, on 16 October 2012 a video for the song was released. It lampoons Lady Gaga in response to her offer to have Die Antwoord be the act on her tour. The album has a score of 57 out of 100 on Metacritic, joshua Khan of Blare stated the album had more confidence than $O$ but it was forced, coming off senseless and providing some sort of proof their fire might finally be cooling off. Never Le Nkemise 1 contains an interpolation of Unbelievable by EMF, hey Sexy is based on Ziwzih Ziwzih OO-OO-OO by Delia Derbyshire. It contains an interpolation of Fuck Yeah|America Fuck Yeah by Trey Parker and Matt Stone|as well as Move Bitch by Ludacris, the lyrics of DJ Hi-Tek Rulez are taken from a tirade delivered by Mike Tyson towards a reporter in 1995. U Make A Ninja Wanna Fuk contains a interpolation of Tiffanys rendition of I Think Were Alone Now
25.
Donker Mag
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Donker Mag is the third studio album by South African hip hop and rave group Die Antwoord. It was released on 3 June 2014 by Zef Records, the albums lead single Cookie Thumper. was released on 18 June 2013. A music video for the second single Pitbull Terrier was released on 20 May 2014, another music video for Ugly Boy was released on 4 November 2014 Dont Fuk Me quotes the movie Scarface, where Ninjas monologue came from. Ugly Boy features, heavily, a sample from the song Ageispolis by Aphex Twin, happy Go Sucky Fucky is based on the song Expander from the game Streets of Rage 2, scored by Yuzo Koshiro and Motohiro Kawashima. Girl I Want 2 Eat U quotes the dub of Azumanga Daioh, Pitbull Terrier is based on the song Pit Bull by Emir Kusturica and No Smoking orkestra from the Black Cat, White Cat OST. Moon Love is from the album Good Morning, South Africa by Max Normal, Ninja, sex is based on the song Sea, sex and sun by Serge Gainsbourg
26.
Fan art
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Fan art or fanart are artworks created by fans of a work of fiction and derived from a series character or other aspect of that work. As fan labor, fan art refers to artworks that are neither created nor commissioned or endorsed by the creators of the work from which the fan art derives, the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist has been given each year since 1967 for artists who create such works. Like the term fan fiction, this meaning is now sometimes confused with the more recent usage described above. Fan art can take many forms, the broad availability of digital image processing and the Internet has greatly increased the scope and potential reach of fan art. U. S. TV producer Bryan Konietzko wrote in 2013, I remember back in the Avatar days … the typical fanart we would get would be a charming, times they are a-changin’… Due to the nature of fan art, there are many debated facets of the topic. One of the most prominent controversies surrounding fan art is its validity as art at all, some people in the art community believe that since fan art is based on someone elses original content, it doesnt deserve to be considered art. Their definition of art entails that it must be an expression of the artist, a counter-argument to this statement is that fan artists add their own individual style to the art they create. Although the concept may derive from someone elses work, the content equally as individualistic, the legal status of derivative fan made art in America may be tricky due to the vagaries of the United States Copyright Act. Generally, the right to reproduce and display pieces of artwork is controlled by the author or artist under 17 U. S. C. Fan art using settings and characters from a previously created work could be considered a derivative work, display and distribution of fan art that would be considered a derivative work would be unlawful. However, American copyright law allows for the production, display, none of these factors is alone dispositive. American courts also typically grant broad protection to parody, and some fan art may fall into this category and this has not explicitly been adjudicated with respect to fan art, however. Moreover, while parody is typically afforded protection under §107, FanArt. TV - FanArt website with may different types of fan art for TV shows and music artists Game-Art-Hq
27.
Xhosa language
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The Xhosa language is a Bantu language with click consonants and one of the official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population, like most other Bantu languages, Xhosa is a tonal language, the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings, depending on intonation. Xhosa has two tones, high and low, Xhosa is written with the Latin alphabet. Three letters are used to indicate the basic clicks, c for dental clicks, x for lateral clicks, tones are not normally indicated in writing. Xhosa is the southernmost branch of Nguni languages, which include Swazi, Northern Ndebele, there is some mutual intelligibility with other Nguni languages, all of which share many linguistic features. Nguni languages are, in turn, part of the larger group of Bantu languages. Xhosa is the most widely distributed African language in South Africa, Xhosa is the second most common home language in South Africa as a whole. A minority of Xhosa speakers lives in Quthing District, Lesotho, maho lists Mpondo, Xesibe, Bomwana, Gaika, Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe, and Hlubi. Hlubi is the dialect in the former Ciskei, there is the more distinct Hlubi language further north, where Xhosa meets Sotho. Xhosa has an inventory of ten vowels, and, all occurring both long and short, they are written a, e, i, o and u. Xhosa is a language with two inherent, phonemic tones, low and high. Tones are rarely marked in the language, but they can be indicated a, á, â, ä. Xhosa is rich in uncommon consonants, besides pulmonic egressive sounds, which are found in all spoken languages, it has 18 clicks. Also, Xhosa has ejectives and an implosive, although 15 of the clicks also occur in Zulu, they are used less frequently than in Xhosa. The first six are dental clicks, made with the tongue on the back of the teeth, the next six are lateral, made by the tongue at the sides of the mouth, and they are similar to the sound used to call horses. The last six are alveolar, made with the tip of the tongue at the roof of the mouth, and they sound somewhat like a cork pulled from a bottle. The following table lists the consonant phonemes of the language, with the pronunciation in IPA on the left and the orthography on the right, Two additional consonants, Two additional consonants, and, are found in borrowings. Two additional consonants, and, are found in loans, an additional consonant, is found in loans. In addition to the affricate, the spelling tsh may also be used for either of the aspirated affricates
28.
Cape Flats
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The Cape Flats is an expansive, low-lying, flat area situated to the southeast of the central business district of Cape Town. To many people in Cape Town, the area is simply as The Flats. Described by some as apartheids dumping ground, from the 1950s the area home to people the apartheid government designated as non-White. The Flats have since then been home to much of the population of Greater Cape Town, most of the sand is unconsolidated, however, in some places near the False Bay coast the oldest sand dunes have been cemented into a soft sandstone. These formations contain important fossils of such as the extinct Cape lion. The area has a Mediterranean climate, with dry summers and cool. It is generally exposed to the wind, both from the NW and SE, flooding can be a problem, especially in July and August. Cold wet spells, especially in August and September, can make life difficult for those living in sub-standard housing. The noted English naturalist, William John Burchell, remarked in 1811 that the sand of the Flats made travel by cart or wagon extremely difficult. The situation was aggravated by a shortage of firewood, causing fuel collectors to cut the relatively few indigenous shrubs. During the second half of the 19th century, the area was overrun by alien vegetation. The plants included hakeas and especially wattles, the principal reason for this infestation lay in decisions made by the colonial authorities. This made travel between Cape Town and the very difficult, particularly for the large ox-drawn wagons of the time. The authorities decided to try to stabilise the sand with plants native to the British colonies of New South Wales, the earliest importation of wattles was in 1827. Massive plantings were established in the 1840s and 1850s and the work continued well after 1875. At the time, the plan worked well enough, the march of the dunes was arrested, the price paid, in ecological terms, was that the Cape Flats was carpeted by invasive species. Serious efforts have in recent years been made to back this alien scourge. The Cape Flats has undergone change in the past half a century
29.
Evil Boy
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Evil Boy is a song by South African hip hop group Die Antwoord featuring rapper Wanga. It was written by Tony Cottrell, Watkin Tudor Jones, Justin De Nobrega, Hugo Pasquin, Thomas Wesley Pentz, and Yolandi Visser and it was released by Interscope Records and it serves as the final single from their album $O$. An extended version of the song titled Evil Boy was digitally released as a single on 8 October 2010 in certain countries, Diplo, who took an interest to Yo-Landi Vi$$er, contacted the group before sending them a beat which Ninja enjoyed, eventually collaborating on Evil Boy. The lyrics of the song discuss tribal circumcision, in an interview, Ninja described a particular ritual for males over 19 that involved having your penis chopped up with a kitchen knife. Weve known Wanga since he was a street kid and he lives in this house in Cape Town and squats on a farm. This year, Wanga was supposed to go to one of these rituals because he wasnt circumcised and we thought maybe he just shouldnt go because 60 kids fucking died this year because their penises didnt work properly afterward and shit. So I asked him what would happen if he didnt go to the bush, so I asked him why he was speaking to me and he said, Because youre cool, Ninja. Then he looked at my tattoo and said he wanted to be Evil Boy for life, complex complimented Diplos creeping synth hook that captures the groups silliness without turning them into a joke and included the song on a list of Diplos best productions. A. R. Rowe of MTV wrote No We Are the World tracks for Die Antwoord and these guys are taking some of the most unaddressed, difficult issues in the world, and sticking them right in your face without apology. The music video was directed by Ninja and Rob Malpage and it contains major influence from South African culture, sexuality, as well as mythology, such as the Tokoloshe. It features a cameo by producer Diplo, as of July 2015, the video has over eighteen million views on YouTube. Digital download Evil Boy –4,56 Evil Boy music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
30.
M.I.A. (rapper)
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M. I. A. is a play on her own name and a reference to the acronym of Missing in Action. Her compositions combine elements of alternative, dance, electronic, hip hop, M. I. A. began her career in 2000 as a visual artist, filmmaker and designer in west London before beginning her recording career in 2002. She released her debut album Arular in 2005 and her second album Kala in 2007, Arular charted in Norway, Belgium, Sweden, Japan and the US, where it reached number 16 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart and number three on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart. Kala was certified silver in the UK and gold in Canada and the US and it also charted in several countries across Europe, in Japan and Australia. The albums first single Boyz reached the Top 10 in Canada and on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales in 2007, the single Paper Planes The Beat Roberto Avila made peaked in the Top 20 worldwide and reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100. It has become XL Recordings second best-selling single to date, M. I. A. s third album Maya was released in 2010 soon after the controversial song-film short Born Free. The single XXXO reached the Top 40 in Belgium, Spain, M. I. A. has embarked on five global headlining tours and is the founder of her own multimedia label, N. E. E. T. Her fourth studio album, Matangi, was released in 2013, Arulpragasams early compositions relied heavily on the Roland MC-505 music sequencer and drum machine. Her later work marked an evolution in her sound with instruments, electronics. Critics have acclaimed a distinctive style to her music and she posted many of her songs and videos from 2002 onwards on platforms such as MySpace. In 2001, she received an Alternative Turner Prize nomination for her visual art, Time magazine named her one of the worlds 100 most influential people in 2009. Esquire magazine ranked M. I. A. on its list of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century in January 2010. Arulpragasam was born on 18 July 1975, in Hounslow, West London, to Arul Pragasam, an engineer, writer and activist, and his wife, Kala, a seamstress. When Maya was six months old, her moved to Jaffna, the cultural, political, and economic capital of the predominantly Tamil northern Sri Lanka. There, her father adopted the name Arular and became a political activist and founding member of the Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students, the first eleven years of Arulpragasams life were marked by displacement caused by the Sri Lankan Civil War. Her family went into hiding from the Sri Lankan army, and she has described her family as living in big-time poverty during her childhood but also recalls some of her happiest memories from growing up in Jaffna. Maya attended Catholic convent schools such as the Holy Family Convent, during the civil war, soldiers would put guns through holes in the windows and shoot at the school, what she notes as bullying exploitation. Her classmates were trained to dive under the table or run next door to English-language schools that, according to her, Arulpragasam lived on a road alongside much of her extended family and played inside temples and churches in the town
31.
Paper Planes
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Paper Planes is a song by British rapper M. I. A. from her second studio album, Kala. The song was written by M. I. A. the songs backing track is a replayed sample of the 1982 song Straight to Hell by The Clash, and the members of The Clash are credited as co-writers of the song. The chorus of Paper Planes was widely speculated to be based on the chorus to the 1992 song Rump Shaker by Wreckx-N-Effect and it was produced by Diplo with additional production by Switch. Paper Planes was released for download in August 2007 and as the third single by XL Recordings. Paper Planes is a rap ballad, with a folk style melody considered less dance-influenced than the other songs on the album. The singles accompanying video, filmed in New York City. Walking and dancing with friends along the streets of the city, selling sandwiches to local people and it was also nominated for Record of the Year at the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009. Paper Planes peaked in the Top 20 in Belgium, Denmark, Canada, the United Kingdom, the single reached two positions higher than Boyz to top the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. The song has sold four million copies in the US, Paper Planes is regarded as one of the best songs of its decade, and has appeared in several lists of the greatest songs in popular music. Several artists have covered the composition or released their own remixes, with rappers T. I. the song has regularly featured on M. I. A. s concert tours since 2007. Paper Planes was written and produced by M. I. A. the track stems slightly from M. I. A. s family history and from M. I. A. M. I. A. has openly discussed the origin of the song, saying I was thinking about living, waking up every morning – its such an African neighborhood. I was going to get patties at my local and just thinking that really the worst thing anyone can say is some shit like, What I wanna do is come. People don’t really feel like immigrants or refugees contribute to culture in any way and that they’re just leeches that suck from whatever. So in the song I say All I wanna do is, I did it in sound effects. Its up to you how you want to interpret, America is so obsessed with money, I’m sure they’ll get it. But, really, it could be a bigger idea, someones selling you guns. Selling weapons and the companies that manufacture guns – thats probably the biggest moneymaker in the world, acknowledging that her heavily politicized lyrics in all of her compositions were a bit of a jump for people, she told Carolyn E
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Xhosa people
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There is a small but significant Xhosa community in South Africa with its language, Xhosa, being a recognized South African national language. The Xhosa people are divided into several tribes with related yet distinct heritages, the main tribes are AmaGcaleka, AmaRharhabe, ImiDange, ImiDushane, and AmaNdlambe. The name Xhosa comes from that of a leader and King called uXhosa. The Xhosa people refer to themselves as the AmaXhosa, and to their language as isiXhosa, presently approximately 8 million Xhosa are distributed across the country, and the Xhosa language is South Africas second-most-populous home language, after Zulu, to which Xhosa is closely related. Many Xhosa live in Cape Town, East London, and Port Elizabeth, the Xhosa are part of the South African Nguni migration which slowly moved south from the region around the Great Lakes, displacing the original Khoisan hunter gatherers of Southern Africa. The Xhosa and white settlers first encountered one another around Somerset East in the early 18th century, in the late 18th century Afrikaner trekboers migrating outwards from Cape Town came into conflict with Xhosa pastoralists around the Great Fish River region of the Eastern Cape. Following more than 20 years of intermittent conflict, from 1811 to 1812 the Xhosas were forced east by British colonial forces in the Third Frontier War, the Xhosa-speaking received these scattered tribes and assimilated them into their cultural way of life and followed Xhosa traditions. The AmaXhosa called these various tribes AmaMfengu, meaning wanderers, and were made up of such as the Bhaca, Bhele, Hlubi, Zizi. These newcomers came to speak the Xhosa language, and are considered to be Xhosa. Xhosa unity and ability to resist colonial expansion was to be weakened by the famines, some historians argue that this early absorption into the wage economy is the ultimate origin of the long history of trade union membership and political leadership among Xhosa people. That history manifests itself today in high degrees of Xhosa representation in the leadership of the African National Congress, Xhosa is an agglutinative tonal language of the Bantu family. While the Xhosas call their language isiXhosa, it is referred to as Xhosa in English. Written Xhosa uses a Latin alphabet–based system, Xhosa is spoken by about 18% of the South African population, and has some mutual intelligibility with Zulu, especially Zulu spoken in urban areas. Many Xhosa speakers, particularly living in urban areas, also speak Zulu and/or Afrikaans and/or English. Among its features, the Xhosa language famously has fifteen click sounds, there is a simple inventory of five vowels. Some vowels however may be silent, in other words, they can be present in written language but hardly audible in spoken language. This happens especially at the end of the word and this is because the tone of most Xhosa words is lowest at the end. Traditional Xhosa culture includes diviners known as amagqirha and this job is mostly taken by women, who spend five years in apprenticeship
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Rapping
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The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
34.
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
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It was co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Live as of 2001. The event features many genres of music, including rock, indie, hip hop, across the grounds, several stages continuously host live music. The main stages are the, Coachella Stage, Gobi Tent, Mojave Tent, Outdoor Theatre, and Sahara Tent, the festivals origins trace back to a 1993 concert that Pearl Jam performed at the Empire Polo Club while boycotting venues controlled by Ticketmaster. After no event was held in 2000, Coachella returned on an annual basis beginning in April 2001, in 2002, the festival reverted to a two-day format. Coachella was expanded to a day in 2007 and eventually a second weekend in 2012, it is currently held on consecutive three-day weekends in April. Organizers began permitting spectators to camp on the grounds in 2003, Coachella showcases popular and established musical artists, as well as emerging artists and reunited groups. Coachella is one of the largest, most famous, and most profitable music festivals in the United States, the 2016 festival sold 198,000 tickets and grossed $94.2 million. On November 5,1993, Pearl Jam performed for almost 25,000 fans at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, the site was selected because the band refused to play in Los Angeles as a result of a dispute with Ticketmaster. Around 1997, Goldenvoice was struggling to book concerts against larger companies, Tollett said, We were getting our ass kicked financially. We were losing a lot of bands, and we couldnt compete with the money. As a result, the idea of a festival was conceived. While attending the 1997 Glastonbury Festival, Tollett began to brainstorm ideas for a festival of his own with multiple venues. His intent was to book artists who were not necessarily chart successes, Maybe if you put a bunch of them together. Press coverage leading up to the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was dominated by Woodstock 1999, a festival in July 1999 that was marred by looting, arson, violence, and rapes. Goldenvoices insurance costs increased 40% as a result and they faced uncertainty regarding Coachellas tickets, organizers were already aiming to provide a high-comfort festival experience for Coachella but rededicated themselves to those efforts after Woodstock 1999. Advertisements boasted free water fountains, ample restrooms, and misting tents, on October 9–10,1999, the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was held. Headlining the event were Beck, the Chemical Brothers, Tool, Morrissey, originally, promoters had hoped to make the event three days and even considered the UK band Massive Attack as the third-day headliner. The organizers strived to recreate European music festivals with small crowds in a setting with plenty of turntables
35.
Big Day Out
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The Big Day Out was an annual music festival that was held in five Australian cities, Sydney, Melbourne, Gold Coast, Adelaide and Perth, as well as Auckland, New Zealand. The festival was held during summer, typically in January of each year, the Big Day Out debuted on the 1992 Australia Day public holiday in Sydney and expanded to Adelaide, Melbourne and Perth the following year. The Gold Coast and Auckland were added to the schedule in 1994, as of 2003, it featured seven or eight stages, accommodating popular contemporary rock music, electronic music, mainstream international acts and local acts. The event also did not return in 2016 or 2017, in 1993 the scope of the festival was extended to include Melbourne, Perth and Adelaide. West revealed in an interview that he was looking to create urban mayhem, in 1994 the Big Day Out was extended further to include Auckland and the Gold Coast, and was held over a three-week period. Following the start of the 21st century, the festival was involved in two major controversies, firstly, 16-year-old Jessica Michalik was killed after she was crushed at a 2001 Sydney show during a performance by the band Limp Bizkit. The festival celebrated its 100th performance in 2010, Lees highlighted the increased needs of Australian bands in his explanation, It does get easier but its also getting bigger and that makes it more complicated. Youre more confident about what youre doing and having some gravitas, but at the time, because were having more and more expectations put on us by everyone. Even Aussie bands that used to take five or six people on the road are now taking 11 and that seems to be the magic number, even for a new starting-off band. What they are doing is working to put on the best show they can, through that the festival needs more production, more riders, more hotel rooms, more everything. Due to the popularity of the event, a second Sydney show was occasionally held. The extreme popularity of Metallica in 2004 led to addition, followed by another second-show addition in Sydney for the 2010 event. A second Sydney date returned in 2011, in response to the acts, Tool. C3 purchased a 51 per cent stake in the following a split that was caused by internal and external pressures. Prior to November 2011, Creative Festival Entertainment was the company of the BDO festival. However, in April 2013, the said that they were seeking to reschedule an Auckland event in 2014. The 2012 festival was beset by difficulties and was described as disastrous by the Faster Louder website in June 2014, although a study revealed that large-scale music festivals contribute approximately A$5. Despite such opposition, the Claremont Showgrounds venue in Perth, Western Australia was used by the BDO organisers for the 2013 event, the Perth leg of the 2014 BDO was held at the Arena Joondalup venue
36.
Myspace
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Myspace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. It is headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, Myspace was acquired by News Corporation in July 2005 for $580 million. From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world, since then, the number of Myspace users has declined steadily in spite of several redesigns. As of March 2017, Myspace was ranked 3,178 by total Web traffic, Myspace had a significant influence on pop culture and music and created a gaming platform that launched the successes of Zynga and RockYou, among others. Despite an overall decline, in 2015 Myspace still had 50.6 million unique visitors and has a pool of nearly 1 billion active and inactive registered users. In June 2009, Myspace employed approximately 1,600 employees, in June 2011, Specific Media Group and Justin Timberlake jointly purchased the company for approximately $35 million. In August 2003, several employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of Myspace was ready for launch, a complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan, who managed Chris DeWolfe, Josh Berman, Tom Anderson, the first Myspace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who could sign up the most users, eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to breathe life into Myspace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was tech expert Toan Nguyen who helped stabilize the Myspace platform when Brad Greenspan asked him to join the team. Despite over ten times the number of developers, Friendster, which was developed in JavaServer Pages, could not keep up with the speed of development of Myspace and cfm. The MySpace. com domain was owned by YourZ. com, Inc. intended until 2002 for use as an online data storage. By 2004, it was transitioned from a storage service to a social networking site. A friend, who worked in the data storage business. DeWolfe suggested they charge a fee for the basic Myspace service, Brad Greenspan nixed the idea, believing that keeping Myspace free was necessary to make it a successful community. Myspace quickly gained popularity among teenage and young adult social groups, in February 2005, DeWolfe held talks with Mark Zuckerberg over acquiring Facebook but DeWolfe rejected Zuckerbergs $75 million asking price
37.
Good Smile Company
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Good Smile Company is a Japanese manufacturer of hobby products such as the Nendoroid and figma product lines, as well as scale figures. In addition to production and manufacturing, its business includes design, marketing, Good Smile Company was established by Aki Takanori in 2001 as an event management and talent company. Thereafter it began working with Max Factory on hobby related products which soon become the focus of the company. Good Smile Company is now involved in the planning, production, manufacturing and sales of figures and toys. Good Smile Company also acts as a distributor and for a number of other related companies including Max Factory, FREEing. The company has a long relationship with Max Factory, and often shares booths. As of June 2012, Good Smile Company moved from Matsudo, Chiba to the Tokyo Skytrees East Tower, kahotans Blog is a popular blog which introduces both Good Smile Company and related products to the public through the eyes of one of the female staff members. The blog is available in both English and Japanese, a summarized history of the company can be found below. May 2001 - Good Smile Company established in Matsudo, Chiba, january 2002 - Planning of toys, OEM production begins September 2004 - First Good Smile Company branded figure is released. April 2005 - Distribution of hobby related products begins February 2006 - Start of the Nendoroid series, january 2008 - Start of the figma series. 2010 March - Work begins on the Black Rock Shooter series, august - The Good Smile Cafe is opened. 2012 May - Changed from a Yūgen Gaisha to a Kabushiki Gaisha, july - Moved to the Tokyo Skytree East Tower. Good Smile Company sells a variety of products with a focus on PVC character figurines, most products are based on anime, manga or video game characters that are popular within Japan. They are most well known for, The Nendoroid figure series, scale Figures Good Smile Company has been involved in the following productions as a member of the production committee. In 2010, a new company called Good Smile Racing was established which became the new racing team owner. Good Smile Racing also produces model cars and related goods to support the team with sponsors. The team took first place and the title of champion in Japans 2011 Super GT GT300 class series race, in recent years, the company played a large part in bringing together four smaller animation companies and pooling their talent together as a new holding company named ULTRA SUPER PICTURES. Company Good Smile Racing Good Smile Logistics & Solutions native Gift MAGES
38.
Downtown Records
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Downtown Records is an American independent record label based in New York, New York with offices in Los Angeles. Owned and operated by Josh Deutsch and Terence Lam, the current roster includes Chet Faker, Cold War Kids, Miike Snow, White Denim, Electric Guest, YACHT, Goldroom and Autre Ne Veut among others. The label was co-founded by Josh Deutsch and Terence Lam in 2006 and grew to become Downtown Music with publishing, licensing, music services, in 2013 Downtown Records was purchased outright by the its original co-founders and now operates fully independent. The labels music is distributed by Sony Musics RED Distribution and Cooperative Music, in addition to the sister label, Mercer Street Records, Downtown has label partnerships with Dim Mak Records, Fools Gold Records and Mad Decent. Downtown Records also operates Downtown Events – a festival and concert company that produces The Downtown Music Festival. Willow Santigold Say Lou Lou Scissor Sisters SomeKindaWonderful Spank Rock Wildcat
39.
Fatty Boom Boom
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Fatty Boom Boom is a song by South African hip hop group Die Antwoord from their second studio album Ten$Ion. The song was written by DJ Hi-Tek, Ninja, and Yolandi Visser, the songs chorus is an interpolation of Carl Malcolms 1975 reggae single Hey Fattie Bum Bum. The official music video for the song premiered on 16 October 2012 and it was directed by Ninja, Terence Neale, and Saki Berg. The video features a male Lady Gaga impersonator donning Gagas meat dress during a tour of a jungle in Johannesburg. In the video, Gagas minibus is hijacked and she flees in fear, during her escape she discovers the office of a gynecologist. She complains that there is something really funny going on down there before he removes a parktown prawn from her vagina, the scene is based on a drawing by Anton Kannemeyer titled Black Gynecologist. After leaving the office, she is chased and eaten by a lion, in between the scenes of Gaga are scenes of Yo-Landi, Ninja, and DJ Hi-Tek performing, most scenes showing them in full body paint including blackface. The day after the video was released, Lady Gaga tweeted i fink u freaky, hundred thousand tickets sold in SA #thatsmyshit and i guess its not a good idea to tell someone youre a fan. Die Antwoord replied on Facebook by saying even tho u r larger than us and we still cooler than u. plus we dont have prawns in our private parts. Aisha Harris of Slate criticized the bands apparent usage of blackface, hearty magazine also took issue with it, stating the video was a gimmick using the shock value of a horrifically racist part of history. Songwriting – Watkin Tudor Jones, Yolandi Visser Vocals – Yolandi Visser, Watkin Tudor Jones http, //www. dieantwoord. com/tension. html#lyrix
