1.
Peshawar
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Peshawar is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It also serves as the centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Situated in a valley near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass, close to the border with Afghanistan. Making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia, Peshawar is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. According to the last census, it is also the ninth-largest city of Pakistan, the earliest settlement established in the area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura, from which the current name Peshawar is derived. The Arab historian and geographer Al-Masudi noted that by the mid 10th century, after the Ghaznavid invasion, the citys name was again noted to be Parashāwar by Al-Biruni. The city became to be known as as Peshāwar by the era of Emperor Akbar, a name which is traditionally said to have been given by Akbar himself. The new name is said to have been based upon the Persian for frontier town, or more literally, forward city, though transcription errors and linguistic shifts may also account for the citys new name. Akbars bibliographer, Abul-Fazl ibn Mubarak, lists the name by both its former name Parashāwar, transcribed in Persian as پَرَشاوَر, and Peshāwar. Peshawar was founded as the ancient city of Puruṣapura, on the Gandhara Plains in the broad Valley of Peshawar, the city likely first existed as a small village in the 5th century BCE, within the cultural sphere of eastern ancient Persia. Puruṣapura was founded near the ancient Gandharan capital city of Pushkalavati, in the winter of 327-26 BCE, Alexander the Great subdued the Valley of Peshawar during his invasion of ancient India, as well as the nearby Swat and Buner valleys. Following Alexanders conquest, the Valley of Peshawar came under suzerainty of Seleucus I Nicator, a locally-made vase fragment that was found in Peshawar depicts a scene from Sophocles play Antigone. Following the Seleucid–Mauryan war, the region was ceded to the Mauryan Empire in 303 BCE, as Mauryan power declined, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom based in modern Afghanistan declared its independence from the Seleucid Empire, and quickly seized Puruṣapura around 190 BCE. The city was ruled by several Iranic Parthian kingdoms. Puruṣapura was then captured by Gondophares, founder of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, Gondophares established the nearby Takht-i-Bahi monastery in 46 CE. In the first century of the Common era, came under control of Kujula Kadphises, the city was made the empires winter capital. The Kushans summer capital at Kapisi was seen as the capital of the empire. Ancient Peshawars population was estimated to be 120,000, which would make it the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time, around 128 CE, Puruṣapura was made sole capital of the Kushan Empire under the rule of Kanishka
2.
British Raj
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The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India, the resulting political union was also called the Indian Empire and after 1876 issued passports under that name. It lasted until 1947, when the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two sovereign states, the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The British Raj extended over almost all present-day India, Pakistan and this area is very diverse, containing the Himalayan mountains, fertile floodplains, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, a long coastline, tropical dry forests, arid uplands, and the Thar desert. In addition, at times, it included Aden, Lower Burma, Upper Burma, British Somaliland. Burma was separated from India and directly administered by the British Crown from 1937 until its independence in 1948, among other countries in the region, Ceylon was ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens. Ceylon was part of Madras Presidency between 1793 and 1798, the kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan, having fought wars with the British, subsequently signed treaties with them and were recognised by the British as independent states. The Kingdom of Sikkim was established as a state after the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861, however. The Maldive Islands were a British protectorate from 1887 to 1965, India during the British Raj was made up of two types of territory, British India and the Native States. In general, the term British India had been used to also to the regions under the rule of the British East India Company in India from 1600 to 1858. The term has also used to refer to the British in India. The terms Indian Empire and Empire of India were not used in legislation, the monarch was known as Empress or Emperor of India and the term was often used in Queen Victorias Queens Speeches and Prorogation Speeches. The passports issued by the British Indian government had the words Indian Empire on the cover, in addition, an order of knighthood, the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, was set up in 1878. At the turn of the 20th century, British India consisted of eight provinces that were administered either by a Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, during the partition of Bengal the new provinces of Assam and East Bengal were created as a Lieutenant-Governorship. In 1911, East Bengal was reunited with Bengal, and the new provinces in the east became, Assam, Bengal, Bihar, there were 565 princely states when India and Pakistan became independent from Britain in August 1947. The princely states did not form a part of British India, the larger ones had treaties with Britain that specified which rights the princes had, in the smaller ones the princes had few rights. Within the princely states external affairs, defence and most communications were under British control, the British also exercised a general influence over the states internal politics, in part through the granting or withholding of recognition of individual rulers. Although there were nearly 600 princely states, the majority were very small
3.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the northwestern region of the country. It was formerly known as North-West Frontier Province and commonly called Sarhad and its provincial capital and largest city is Peshawar, followed by Mardan. It shares borders with the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the west, Gilgit–Baltistan to the northeast, Azad Kashmir, Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa does not share a border with Balochistan, which lies to its southwest. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa also shares a border with Afghanistan, connected through the Khyber Pass. It is also the site of the ancient kingdom Gandhara, the ruins of its capital, Pushkalavati, and the most prominent center of learning in the Peshawar Valley, Takht-i-Bahi. It has been under the suzerainty of the Persians, Greeks, Mauryans, Kushans, Shahis, Ghaznavids, Mughals, Afghanistan, Sikhs, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the third largest province of Pakistan by the size of both population and economy though it is geographically the smallest of four. It comprises 10. 5% of Pakistans economy, and is home to 11. 9% of Pakistans total population, with the majority of the inhabitants being Pashtuns, Hazarewal, Chitrali. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa means Khyber side of the land of Pakhtuns while only the word Pakhtunkhwa means Land of Pakhtuns and according to scholars it means Pakhtun culture. When the British established it as a province, they called it North West Frontier Province due to its location being in north west of their Indian Empire. After independence of Pakistan, Pakistan continued with this name but a Pakhtun nationalist party and their logic behind that demand was that Punjabi people, Sindhi people and Balochi people have their provinces named after their ethnicities but that is not the case for Pashtun people. Major political parties especially Pakistan Muslim League were against that name since it was too similar to Bacha Khans demand of separate nation Pashtunistan. The ancient Aryan Migration is believed to have taken place around 2000 BCE, darius Hystaspes sent Scylax, a Greek seaman from Karyanda, to explore the course of the Indus river. Darius Hystaspes subsequently subdued the races dwelling west of the Indus, Gandhara was incorporated into the Persian Empire as one of its far easternmost satrapy system of government. The satrapy of Gandhara is recorded to have sent troops for Xerxes invasion of Greece in 480 BCE, in the spring of 327 BCE Alexander the Great crossed the Indian Caucasus and advanced to Nicaea, where Omphis, king of Taxila and other chiefs joined him. Alexander then dispatched part of his force through the valley of the Kabul River, while he advanced into modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwas Bajaur. Alexander then made Embolima his base, after Alexanders death in 323 BCE Porus obtained possession of the region, but was murdered by Eudemus in 317 BCE. Eudemus then left the region, and with his departure Macedonian power collapsed, sandrocottus, the founder of the Mauryan dynasty, then declared himself master of the province. His grandson, Ashoka, made Buddhism the dominant religion in ancient Gandhara, after Ashokas death the Mauryan empire collapse, just as in the west the Seleucid power was rising
4.
Pakistan
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Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people, in terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country in the world with an area covering 881,913 square kilometres. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistans narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and it is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic, an ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. The new constitution stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran. Pakistan has an economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector. The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and it is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is backed by one of the worlds largest and fastest-growing middle classes. The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, the country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy, healthcare, and corruption, but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income. It is also a member of CERN. Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the name Pakistan literally means land of the pure in Urdu and Persian. It is a play on the word pāk meaning pure in Persian and Pashto, the letter i was incorporated to ease pronunciation and form the linguistically correct and meaningful name. Some of the earliest ancient human civilisations in South Asia originated from areas encompassing present-day Pakistan, the earliest known inhabitants in the region were Soanian during the Lower Paleolithic, of whom stone tools have been found in the Soan Valley of Punjab. The Vedic Civilization, characterised by Indo-Aryan culture, laid the foundations of Hinduism, Multan was an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. The Vedic civilisation flourished in the ancient Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā, the Indo-Greek Kingdom founded by Demetrius of Bactria included Gandhara and Punjab and reached its greatest extent under Menander, prospering the Greco-Buddhist culture in the region. Taxila had one of the earliest universities and centres of education in the world. At its zenith, the Rai Dynasty of Sindh ruled this region, the Pala Dynasty was the last Buddhist empire, which, under Dharampala and Devapala, stretched across South Asia from what is now Bangladesh through Northern India to Pakistan. The Arab conqueror Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Indus valley from Sindh to Multan in southern Punjab in 711 AD, the Pakistan governments official chronology identifies this as the time when the foundation of Pakistan was laid
5.
Bandra
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Bandra is a suburb of West Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra, India. Bandra is a locality and often called the queen of the suburbs. In Marathi, Bandra is known as Vandre, which means port and is possibly derived from the same Urdu/Persian word. The area was under the rule of the Silhara dynasty in the 12th century, Bandra was a tiny fishing village inhabited by Kolis and farmers. It was acquired by the British East India Company while the rest of Mumbai belonged to the Portuguese, in 1534, a sea captain called Diego da Silveira entered Bandra creek and burned the fishing town he found there. With that, Bandra came under the rule of the Portuguese crown and this turmoil was the start of a long period of Christianization of Bandra. It was Father Manuel Gomes who really turned the Catholic Church into the institution it has become here, in 1580, he baptized 2,000 fishermen, and that was just a beginning. By the time he died 11 years later, Father Gomes invincible strength of soul — as one described it — had converted 6,000 people of the area. It was Father Gomes who established St Andrews church, the Portuguese enfeoffed Bandra, Kurla, Mazagaon and four other villages in 1548 to a certain António Pessoa as a reward for his military services. This was confirmed by the Royal Chancellery on the 2 February 1550, as these villages were given for a period of two lives, they reverted to the Crown after the death of Isabel Botelha, Pessoss widow. The Jesuits who had applied for these villages in anticipation of the death of Isabel Botelha obtained them from the Viceroy in 1568, in 1661, when King Charles married Catherina of Portugal, the island of Mumbai was given to England as part of the dowry. However, Salsette Island, on which Bandra lay, was not part of this treaty, the Portuguese built additional churches in Bandra, one of the earliest being St. Andrews Church in 1575. Their Jesuit missionaries, who learned local languages and cultures, attracted many Indian converts to Catholicism among the villagers on the island. Bandra became part of English territory with the signing the Treaty of Surat in 1775 but was retroceded back to the Marathas in 1779 during the First Anglo-Maratha War. In 1802, Bajirao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the English, surrendering sovereignty and again ceding Bandra, on 12 April 1867, the first railway service was inaugurated, with one train per day between Virar and Mumbai. Six years later, it was increased to 24 each day, in the 21st century,940 trains stop daily at Bandra. As late as the 1930s, Bandra had only one bus service from Pali Naka, other people just walked to the nearest railway station. After World War II, the boom started to accommodate immigrants
6.
Mumbai
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Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named a world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies, during the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development, during the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon Indias independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State, in 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India and it is also home to some of Indias premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses Indias Hindi and Marathi film and television industry, Mumbais business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja, in 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia. This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning good little bay, in 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu, Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include, Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, Boon Bay, and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial diwan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi referred to the city as Manbai. By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, the Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. According to Slate magazine, they argued that Bombay was a corrupted English version of Mumbai, Slate also said The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region. A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar in the Marathi language, the term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands, Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and it is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited
7.
Maharashtra
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Four Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India and is Indias second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. It is the wealthiest Indian state and it is also the worlds second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million, Nagpur is Maharashtras second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtras business opportunities along with its potential to offer a standard of living attract migrants from all over India. Ancient and medieval Maharashtra included the empires of the Satavahana dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukyas, Mughals, the major rivers of the state are Godavari, and Krishna. The Narmada and Tapti Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Maharashtra is the second most urbanised state in India. The state has several popular Hindu places of pilgrimage including Pandharpur, Dehu and Alandi, other places that attract pilgrims from other parts of India and beyond include Hazur Sahib Gurudwara at Nanded, Sai Baba shrine at Shirdi and Dikshabhumi at Nagpur. Maharashtra is the wealthiest and one of the most developed states in India, as of 2011, the state had a per capita income of ₹1.0035 lakh, more than the national average of ₹0.73 lakh. Its GDP per capita crossed the ₹1.20 lakh threshold for the first time in 2013, however, as of 2014, the GDP per capita reduced to ₹1.03 lakh Agriculture and industries are the largest parts of the states economy. Major industries include chemical products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum, Jai Maharashtra The modern Marathi language developed from the Maharashtri Prakrit, and the word Mahratta is found in the Jain Maharashtri literature. The terms Maharashtra, Maharashtri, Marathi and Maratha may have derived from the same root, however, their exact etymology is uncertain. But the Marathas as a people do not seem to be mentioned before the thirteenth or fourteenth century, the most widely accepted theory among the linguistic scholars is that the words Maratha and Maharashtra ultimately derived from a combination of Maha and rashtrika. The word rashtrika is a Sanskritized form of Ratta, the name of a tribe or dynasty of petty chiefs ruling in the Deccan region. Another theory is that the term is derived from Maha and ratha / rathi, an alternative theory states that the term derives from the word Maha and Rashtra. However, this theory has not found acceptance among scholars who believe it to be the Sanskritised interpretation of later writers. Maharashtra was ruled by the Maurya Empire in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, around 230 BCE Maharashtra came under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty for 400 years. The greatest ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni, in 90 CE Vedishri, son of the Satavahana king Satakarni, the Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty, made Junnar, thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom. The state was ruled by Western Satraps, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Vakataka, Kadambas, Chalukya Empire, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, and Western Chalukya before finally
8.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
9.
Indian people
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Indian people are citizens of India, the second most populous nation containing 17. 50% of the worlds population. Indian refers to nationality, but not ethnicity or language, the Indian nationality consists of many regional ethno-linguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of India. India hosts all major ethnic groups found in the Indian Subcontinent, population estimates vary from a conservative 12 million to 20 million diaspora. The name Bhārata has been used as a name by people of the Indian subcontinent. The designation Bhārata appears in the official Sanskrit name of the country, the name is derived from the ancient Vedic and Puranas, which refer to the land that comprises India as Bhārata varṣam and uses this term to distinguish it from other varṣas or continents. The Bhāratas were a tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, notably participating in the Battle of the Ten Kings. India is named after legendary Emperor Bharata who was a descendant of the Bhāratas tribe, in early Vedic literature, the term Āryāvarta was in popular use before Bhārata. The Manusmṛti gives the name Āryāvarta to the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern to the Western Sea, while the word Indian and India is derived from Greek Ἰνδία, via Latin India. The name is derived ultimately from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name of the river Indus, the next great ancient Empire of the Indian people was the Gupta Empire. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or Golden Age of India, the ancient Indian mathematicians Aryabhata, Bhāskara I and Brahmagupta invented the concept of zero and the Hindu decimal system during this period. During this period Indian cultural influence spread over parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia. During the early period the great Rashtrakuta dynasty dominated the major part of the Indian subcontinent. From the 8th to 10th century and the Indian Emperor Amoghavarsha of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty was described by the Arab traveller Sulaiman as one of the four kings of the world. The greatest maritime Empire of the medieval Indians was the Chola dynasty, under the great Indian Emperors Rajaraja Chola I and his successor Rajendra Chola I the Chola dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. The Mughal Empire unified much of Indian sub-continent under one realm, under the Mughals India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. This marked a huge influence in the Indian society, the Mughal Empire balanced and pacified local societies through new administrative practices and had diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. The Marathas and Sikhs emerged in the 17th century and established the Maratha Empire, the Maratha Empire is credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the north and Bengal, India is one of the worlds oldest civilisations
10.
Jugnu (1947 film)
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Jugnu is a 1947 Indian film directed by Shaukat Hussain Rizvi. The film stars Noor Jehan, Dilip Kumar, Gulam Mohammad, Sulochana, Latika, Zia, Jilloo, Agha, Shashikala and this film was the first major hit for Dilip Kumar who went on to become one of Indian film industrys legends. Both Shaukat Hussain Rizvi and his wife Noor Jehan settled in Pakistan shortly after the film was released, Sooraj is from a wealthy household. He meets Jugnu when hes tried to commit suicide by jumpung off a cliff, in reality it was a ply conceived by sooraj and his friends to distract jugnu and all the girls so that they can steal the food prepared by the girls. All of them study in the college and live in hostel. And thus slowly on meeting few times Jugnu and Sooraj fall in love each other. Jugnu is orphaned when she was young and is care of by a friend of her fathers who wishes for her to be married to his son Dilip. Soorajs parents come to know about his love for jugnu and oppose the match as jugnu is poor, Sooraj is surprised to hear this but he nevertheless is happy as now he can marry Jugnu as both are poor. But Soorajs mother goes to jugnu and pleads for her sons life explaining her predicament, what happens next is the central plot of the story. Will sooraj and jugnu meet again, will the difference be sorted out between them. Will the lovers love be sacrificed for parents happiness and money and this movie was the first hit of Dilip Kumar. Most of the film songs ended-up being super-hit
11.
Andaz (1949 film)
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Andaz is a 1949 Indian Urdu/Hindi film, directed by Mehboob Khan with music by Naushad. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Nargis and Raj Kapoor in a love triangle, Cukoo and Murad also appear in supporting roles. The films lyrics are by Majrooh Sultanpuri, at the time of its release Andaz was the top grossing Hindi film ever, until its record was broken by Raj Kapoors Barsaat that same year. Neena is the daughter of a rich businessman. One day while horseriding she loses control of her horse and is rescued by a man named Dilip. Dilip instantly takes a liking to her and starts to visit her house where he entertains her with his singing along with Neenas friend Sheela. Ninas father dislikes this, he tries to make her realise that spending so much time with Dilip is not wise, on the day of Sheelas birthday party, Dilip realises he has fallen in love with Neena and tries to tell her. However, tragedy strikes on the day when Neenas father dies of a heart attack. Dilip comforts her and Neena gives him the responsibility of looking after her fathers business, Dilip tries to confide in Neena about his feelings for her, but her fiance Rajan returns from London. Dilip is shocked that Neena had not mentioned that she was already engaged, Rajan and Neena eventually get married, and Dilip finally reveals his true feelings for Neena on the wedding day. Neena is shocked by Dilips revelation as she thinks of him only as a friend, Dilip tries to leave, but stays to avoid any suspicion from Rajan. A few years later, Rajan and Neena are the parents of a daughter, on their daughters birthday, Dilip arrives with a present. Neena tries secretly to tell him that she not love him. Rajan accuses Neena of having an affair with Dilip and Dilip decides to clear Rajans misunderstanding and he confronts Rajan and tries to convince him he is wrong about Neena. In a fit of rage, Rajan hits Dilip on the head and walks out, Neena comes to Dilips aid and tells a doctor to save him as he is proof that she has not cheated on Rajan. When Dilip awakens he is mad and tries to molest Neena. Neena shoots Dilip, killing him instantly, and is then imprisoned, Rajan testifies against Neena in court about her affair with Dilip and how she killed him to hide her infidelity. While Neena awaits for the verdict, Rajan tells his daughter that she is not coming back
12.
Aan
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It stars Dilip Kumar, Premnath, Nimmi and marked the debut of Nadira who replaced the original choice which was actress Nargis. The cost of the film was Rs.3.5 million and this record was beaten 3 years later by Shree 420 in 1955. Dubbed and released in Tamil also as Aan, a royal Indian family consists of the Emperor Maharaj, his brother Shamsher Singh and sister Rajshree. A local village leader named Jai Tilak enters a contest to tame Princess Rajshrees horse, Jai is declared the winner of the fight after much dispute and Shamsher is enraged at losing to a poor villager. Jai then falls in love with Rajshree and tries numerous times to woo her, Shamsher becomes even more enraged when the Emperor Maharaj reveals that Shamsher is not the heir to his throne after his death and that he plans to free India from monarchy and turn to democracy. Shamsher then plans to control of the kingdom by killing the Maharajah on the night before he is due to travel to England for a medical procedure. However he is unsuccessful after the Maharajah escapes an attempt on his life by Shamshers henchmen, Shamsher then sets his eyes on Mangala who is a village girl and childhood friend of Jai but her love is not reciprocated as he is only in love with princess Rajshree. After Mangala is kidnapped by Shamsher Singh who plans to keep her prisoner in his palace and molest her, Mangala takes a bottle of poison, Jai kills Shamsher in revenge and provokes Princess Rajshree to launch an attack on his village to avenge her brothers death. Jai manages to kidnap Rajshree and sets out to gain her love by taking her into his village, just when Rajshree begins to realise her feelings for Jai, Shamsher Singh who was presumed dead returns to get his revenge against Jai. This prestigious production was to be Indias first full feature in Technicolor, the film was made with an extremely large budget. Dilip Kumar, Premnath & Nimmi, then at the height of their popularity and success, were signed on for starring roles. Initially, Nargis was cast but left the film to concentrate on her association with RK studios, for a time Madhubala was considered, with considerable lobbying from Dilip Kumar who was romantically involved with her at the time, but for reasons unknown she was never cast. Finally Mehboob decided to launch a newcomer and selected the unknown, Nadira. When a first edit of the film was shown to the financiers and distributors. This was due to Nimmis vast popularity as an actress, therefore, a lavish and extended dream sequence was filmed and edited in to give Nimmi more prominence and screen time in the film. Aan was one of the first Indian films to have a worldwide release, the film had an extremely lavish London premiere attended by Mehboob Khan, his wife Sadar Akhter and Nimmi. The English version was entitled Savage Princess, on the London trip, they met many western film personalities including Errol Flynn. When Flynn attempted to kiss Nimmis hand she pulled it away, exclaiming, I am an Indian girl, the incident made the headlines and the press raved about Nimmi as the. unkissed girl of India
13.
Devdas (1955 film)
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Devdas is a 1955 film directed by Bimal Roy, based on the Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay novel, Devdas. While Motilal, Nazir Hussain, Murad, Pratima Devi, Iftekhar and Shivraj playing other significant role with Pran, in 2005, Indiatimes Movies ranked the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films. Devdas was also ranked at Number 2 on University of Iowas List of Top 10 Bollywood Films by Corey K. Creekmur, the film was also noted for its cinematography and lighting under Kamal Bose that enhanced the emotional torment of the tight-lipped protagonist played by Dilip Kumar. Set against the backdrop of rural Bengal during feudal times, Devdas is a man from a wealthy Bengali Brahmin family in India in the early 1900s. Paro alias Parvati is a woman from a middle class Bengali Brahmin family. The two families lived in a village, and Devdas and Paro were childhood friends, Devdas goes away for some years to live and study in a boarding school in the city of Calcutta. When, after finishing school, Devdas returns to his village, of course, according to the prevailing social custom, Paros parents would have to approach Devdas parents and propose marriage of Paro to Devdas as Paro has longed. When Paros grandmother makes the proposal to Devdas mother, the latter rejects her, to demonstrate his own social status, Paros father, Nilkant then finds an even richer husband for Paro. When Paro learns of her marriage, she risks her honor to meet Devdas at night. Devdas meekly seeks his parents permission to marry Paro, but Devdas family was against him. In a weak-minded state, Devdas then flees to Calcutta, and from there, he writes a letter to Paro, saying that they were only friends and there was no love between them. But soon realizing his mistake he goes back to village and tells Paro that he is ready to do anything needed to save their love. By now, Paros marriage plans are in an advanced stage, parvatis marriage is finalized with a wealthy zamindar and widower with children older than his young second wife-to-be. In Calcutta, Devdas carousing friend, Chunni Babu, introduces him to a courtesan named Chandramukhi, Devdas takes to heavy drinking at Chandramukhis place, but the courtesan falls in love with him, and looks after him. His health deteriorates because of a combination of drinking and despair of life—a drawn-out form of suicide. Within him, he frequently compares Paro and Chandramukhi, remaining ambivalent as to whom he really loves, sensing his fast-approaching death, Devdas returns to meet Paro to fulfill a vow that he would see her before he dies. He dies at her doorstep on a dark, cold night, on hearing of the death of Devdas, Paro runs towards the door, disregarding purdah, but her family members prevent her from stepping out of the door. The movie powerfully depicts the social customs in Bengal in the early 1900s
14.
Naya Daur (1957 film)
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Naya Daur is a 1957 Indian drama film starring Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Ajit and Jeevan. Originally filmed in black and white, the film was colourized and re-released on 3 August 2007, the film was later dubbed in Tamil as Pattalyin Sabatham in 1958. The film is set in post-independence India, where industrialization is slowly creeping in, the focus is on tongawallahs who earn their living transporting people on tongas. Dilip Kumar plays one of the tongawallahs, who petitions the landlord over this injustice, jeevans character proposes a competition to decide which service is the best, The bus or the Tonga. It is decided that there will be a race between the vehicles, if the bus wins, the tongawallahs will not complain further. If the Tonga wins, the bus service will stop and this competition was a farce from the start since nobody could dream that a horse cart could beat a machine. Kumar, however, accepts the challenge to everybodys surprise and his logic is that they would be driven to starvation if the bus service continues. This race at least gives them an opportunity to try to do something, the rest of the tongawallahs do not share his hope. They blame him for his foolishness, in the end, he is left alone with nobodys support except his sweetheart, played by Vyjayanthimala. As the movie unfolds, a hopeless situation begins to turn around because of the way the people come together, mishap after mishap occurs, but nothing can deter the determined. The highlight of the film is definitely the final race where the underdog wins. Initially the actress Madhubala was cast as the female lead, an advance payment was given to her and shooting began and continued smoothly for 15 days. Chopra, the director, wanted the unit to travel to Bhopal for an outdoor shooting. Ataullah Khan, the father of Madhubala, objected to this, finally, Chopra sued Madhubala for the cash advance she received from him for a film she now had no intention of completing. He replaced her with the South Indian actress Vyjayanthimala who acted with Kumar in Devdas, Madhubala obediently supported her father despite her commitment to Dilip Kumar. Kumar testified against Madhubala and Ataullah Khan in favor of the director B. R, the case was lost by Madhubala and her father amid much negative publicity. During the case, the film was released and declared a success, Chopra dropped the case and saved Madhubala from the humiliation of a possible prison sentence. By the end of its run, Naya Daur collected around ₹5,40,00,000 thus becoming the second highest grossing film of 1957 behind the critically acclaimed Mother India
15.
Madhumati
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Madhumati is a 1958 Hindi drama film produced and directed by Bimal Roy, and written by Ritwik Ghatak and Rajinder Singh Bedi. Its music was composed by Salil Choudhury with lyrics written by Shailendra, the film stars Dilip Kumar and Vyjayantimala in the lead roles with Pran and Johnny Walker. It was one of the earliest films to deal with reincarnation and had a gothic noir feel to it, the first and only collaboration between Roy and Ghatak, it was one of their most commercially successful and influential films. Janam Janam, the 1988 Hindi film starring Rishi Kapoor, is a remake of Madhumati, in 2007, Farah Khan and Shahrukh Khan made Om Shanti Om using some plot elements from Madhumati but did not credit the earlier film. On a stormy night, Devendra, an engineer, drives down a road with his friend to fetch his wife. A landslide blocks their path and the friends take shelter in an old mansion off the road, Devendra finds the house uncannily familiar. In the large front room, he finds an old portrait which he recognises and his friend and the old caretaker join him, and Devendra, amidst flashes of memory from another life, sits down to tell his story while the storm rages outside. Anand had come to Shyamnagar Timber Estate as its new manager, an artist in his spare time, he roamed the hills and fell in love with Madhumati, a tribal girl whose songs have haunted him from a distance. Anands employer, Ugra Narayan is a ruthless and arrogant man and, as Anand refuses to bend down to him like others, Anand has enemies among his staff. Sent away on an errand, he returns to find that Madhumati has disappeared and he learns that Madhumati had been taken to Ugra Narayan and confronts him, but he is beaten unconscious by Ugra Narayans men. While the men are taking Anands body out of the palace and he does it and wins but dies lying on the road, while Charandas hides and takes Anands body to the hospital. Anands life is saved but his mind wanders, one day, he meets a girl who looks exactly like Madhumati. She says she is Madhavi but Anand refuses to believe her and is beaten up by her companions when he tries to plead with her, Madhavi finds a sketch of Madhumati and realises he was speaking the truth. She takes the sketch and learns his story, meanwhile, Anand is haunted by the spirit of Madhumati who tells him that Ugra Narayan is her killer. He appeals to Madhavi to pose as Madhumati before Ugranarayan and help him get an out of him. Returning to Ugranarayans palace, Anand begs permission to do a portrait of him, next evening, with a storm brewing outside, Anand paints Ugra Narayan. At the stroke of eight, Ugra Narayan sees the pretend-Madhumati in front of him, the police waiting outside the room come and take him away. Anand suddenly realises that the questions Madhavi asked Ugra Narayan were things she could not have known, as even Anand did not know, Madhavi just smiles and moves towards the stairs
16.
Paigham
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Paigham is a 1959 Hindi movie produced and directed by S. S. Vasan. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Raaj Kumar, Saroja Devi, Motilal and this was the first time Dilip and Raaj Kumar appeared in a film together. The film later remade in Tamil as Irumbu Thirai by S. S. Vasan with Sivaji Ganesan in Dilip Kumars role, while Vyjayanthimala, the movie traces the lives of the family of a widowed lady, her two sons and daughter. Mrs. Lal, a widowed lady lives with her two sons, Ram and Ratan, her daughter, Sheela, Rams wife, Parvati. Ram works in a mill and Ratan is studying engineering in Calcutta, when Ratan returns, he is offered a job at the same mill, falls in love with a Typist named Manju, much to chagrin of Malti, the daughter of the mill-owner, Sewakram. When Ratan finds out that Sewakram has been defrauding the mill employees, he decides to form a union, a move that is opposed by his brother Ram, who is devoted and loyal to Sewakram. Things go from bad to worse when the workers decide to go on strike on one hand, word gets around that Ratan is against Sewakram, and soon he gets blacklisted. Sheela who was supposed to marry Kundan, the son of Sitaram, has her marriage canceled, and the family lose their prestige and credit in the community. The question remains, will the workers continue to be at the mercy of Sewakram, Dilip Kumar, Ratan Lal Raaj Kumar, Ram Lal Vyjayanthimala, Manju B. Saroja Devi, Malti Sewakram Johnny Walker, Nandu Pandari Bai, Parvati Raam Lal Motilal, Seth Sewakram Minoo Mumtaz, Chhali S. N. Banerjee, Mill Manager Pratima Devi, Mrs. Lal Kurupanju, Kundan Pushpmala, Kamla Radha, Mrs. Sewakram Shivraj, Sitaram Sitalaxmi, Sheela Lal All lyrics written by Pradeep, filmfare Best Dialogue Award for Ramanand Sagar Paigham at the Internet Movie Database
17.
Mughal-e-Azam
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Mughal-e-Azam is a 1960 Indian epic historical drama film directed by K. Asif and produced by Shapoorji Pallonji. Starring Prithviraj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Madhubala, and Durga Khote, Salims father, Emperor Akbar, disapproves of the relationship, which leads to a war between father and son. The development of Mughal-e-Azam began in 1944, when Asif read a set in the reign of Emperor Akbar. Production was plagued by delays and financial uncertainty, before its principal photography began in the early 1950s, the project had lost a financier and undergone a complete change of cast. Mughal-e-Azam cost more to produce than any previous Indian motion picture, Mughal-e-Azam had the widest release of any Indian film up to that time, and patrons often queued all day for tickets. Released on 5 August 1960, it broke box office records in India and became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time, the accolades awarded to the film include one National Film Award and three Filmfare Awards at the 8th Filmfare Awards. Mughal-e-Azam was the first black-and-white Hindi film to be coloured. The colour version, released in November 2004, was a commercial success, the film is widely considered to be a milestone of its genre, earning praise from critics for its grandeur and attention to detail. Film scholars have welcomed its portrayal of enduring themes, but question its historical accuracy, Emperor Akbar, who does not have a male heir, undertakes a pilgrimage to a shrine to pray that his wife Jodhabai give birth to a son. Later, a maid brings the news of his sons birth. Overjoyed at his prayers being answered, Akbar gives the maid his ring, the son, Prince Salim, grows up to be spoiled, flippant, and self-indulgent. His father sends him off to war, to teach him courage, fourteen years later, Salim returns as a distinguished soldier and falls in love with court dancer Nadira, whom the emperor has renamed Anarkali, meaning pomegranate blossom. The relationship is discovered by the jealous Bahar, a dancer of a higher rank, unsuccessful in winning Salims love, she exposes his forbidden relationship with Anarkali. Salim pleads to marry Anarkali, but his father refuses, despite her treatment, Anarkali refuses to reject Salim, as Akbar demands. Salim rebels and amasses an army to confront Akbar and rescue Anarkali, defeated in battle, Salim is sentenced to death by his father, but is told that the sentence will be revoked if Anarkali, now in hiding, is handed over to die in his place. Anarkali gives herself up to save the life, and is condemned to death by being entombed alive. Before her sentence is carried out, she begs to have a few hours with Salim as his make-believe wife and her request is granted, as she has agreed to drug Salim so that he cannot interfere with her entombment. As Anarkali is being walled up, Akbar is reminded that he owes her mother a favour
18.
Gunga Jumna
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Gunga Jumna is a 1961 dacoit drama Bollywood film produced in Technicolor by Dilip Kumar and directed by Nitin Bose. The film stars Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala in the lead with Nasir Khan, Azra, Kanhaiyalal, Anwar Hussain, Nazir Hussain, Leela Chitnis in supporting role, after six months of delay, the film was finally released in January 1961. Upon release the film was received by the critics and the audience. Gunga Jumna received critical acclaim and was regarded one of the best films of all time, critics praised its story, screenplay, direction, cinematography and the music along with the performance of the lead actors, Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala. It also emerge as the biggest winner at 25th Bengal Film Journalists Association Awards where it won nine awards in the Hindi film category, in addition to that the film also won Certificate of Merit at the 9th National Film Awards. The film was a trendsetter for movies like Deewaar, Trishul, the films dealt on issue of sibling rivalry and had a theme of two brothers on the opposite sides of law. The film is about two brothers, Ganga and Jamuna, growing up in a controlled by an evil landlord. When Ganga is framed by the landlord for a crime he did not commit, he escapes to the mountains with his girlfriend, Dhanno and his younger brother, Jamuna, is sent to the city for his education and becomes a police officer. Years later, when Ganga is about to become a father, however, Jamuna wants him to surrender to the police for his crimes and when Ganga refuses and tries to leave, Jamuna shoots him dead. Gangas death rendered more poignant by the fact that it was his money paid for Jamunas education. Widowed Govindi lives a lifestyle in Haripur along with two sons, Gungaram and Jumna. Ganga spends his days working with his mother as a servant in the home of the zamindars obnoxious family while Jumna, while Jumna is studious, Gungaram is the opposite, but has a good heart and decides to use his earnings to ensure his brother gets a decent education. After her employer, Hariram, accuses Govindi of theft, their house is searched, evidence is found, the entire village bails her out but the shock kills her. After their mother passes away, Ganga pledges himself to supporting his brother as they grow to adulthood. The adult Ganga is a spirited and hardworking fellow, unafraid to take on the zamindar when necessary, while his brother Jumna is more measured and cautious. Ganga sends Jumna to the city to study, and supports him with funds that he earns driving an oxcart, but things get complicated when Ganga saves a local girl, Dhanno, from the zamindars lecherous assault. The zamindar gets his revenge by trumping up a charge against Ganga. Upon his release, Ganga learns that his brother has become destitute and attacks, soon Ganga finds himself an outlaw, and, with Dhanno at his side, he joins a gang of bandits camping out in the wilderness
19.
Ram Aur Shyam
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Ram Aur Shyam is a 1967 Indian Hindi feature film, directed by Tapi Chanakya. It was previously produced as Ramudu Bheemudu by D. Ramanaidu under Suresh Productions Banner, originally Vyjayanthimala and Mala Sinha were supposed to star in the roles portrayed by Waheeda rehman and Mumtaz but due to some reasons they were replaced. Ram Aur Shyam has music by Naushad and lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni, it stars Dilip Kumar, Pran, Waheeda Rehman, Mumtaz, the theme owes its origins to Alexandre Dumas, pères story The Corsican Brothers, twins who look remarkably alike but have very different temperaments. In The Corsican Brothers the twins grow up together, in Ram aur Shyam, on the other hand, they have been separated at birth and discover each other only towards the end. Like The Corsican Brothers, which has adapted into several feature films. Ram lives with his sister Sulakshna and niece Kuku in his family estate and his brother-in-law Gajendra looks after his factories and controls his property with an iron hand. Ram is shy and coward in nature and he is always abused and brutally beaten by Gajendra. Sulakshna and Kuku try to protect Ram from Gajendra whenever he whips Ram, everybody decides to get Ram married for his well being. Gajendra finds a rich girl Anjana with the aim of getting a huge dowry, Anjana dislikes Ram after he spills tea over her due to nervousness. Gajendra angry at Rams behaviour, conspires with the support of his mother and cunning Munimji to kill Ram, Ram overhears this and escapes to the city to save his life. Meanwhile, Rams long lost twin brother Shyam lives in a village with his adopted mother Ganga whom he believes to be his birth mother, no one other than Ganga knows the truth about the twin brothers. Shyam is strong, brave and mischievous, unlike his brother and he has a love hate relationship with Shanta. Shyam escapes to the city, after a conflict with Ganga, and meets Anjana. Anjana and her father confuse Shyam with Ram, Ram meets Shanta who thinks he is Shyam and takes him forcefully to his mother. Ram and Shanta develop feelings for each other, meanwhile, Shyam decides to take the place of Ram to face Gajendra. Shyam refuses to sign his property after which angry Gajendra attacks him, Shyam retaliates and whips Gajendra hard, shocking everybody. Sulakshna stops her brother to protect her husband, Gajendra is startled after being beaten up by Shyam, whom everybody believes as Ram. Shanta and Anjana meet and both claim the picture of Ram as their fiancé, Gajendra learns that Shyam has taken the place of Ram
20.
Kranti
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Kranti is a 1981 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Manoj Kumar. It stars Manoj Kumar along with an ensemble cast consisting of Dilip Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Shatrughan Sinha, Parveen Babi, Sarika, Prem Chopra, Madan Puri, Paintal, the story was written by Salim-Javed. The film marked the return of Dilip Kumar after a five-year hiatus, the film takes place in the 19th Century British India and is the story of the fight for independence from the British between 1825 and 1875. The film tells the story of men lead the war against British Rule, Sanga, Bharat known as Kranti, a prince. Sanga is an honest and dedicated employee in the kingdom of Ramgarh, owing allegiance and he goes to report this outrage to Laxman Singh, only to find him stabbed to death. Sanga is charged with treason and of killing Laxman Singh, sentenced to death, he escapes and forms a group of revolutionaries who have only one goal - to drive the British out of India. This group multiplies into several armies, all united with one slogan - an Independent India, darmiyan Singh Shashikala. queen Charumati Dheeraj Kumar. prince Prem Nath. Meenakshis soldier The music is scored by Laxmikant Pyarelal, the music was popular with some hit songs like Zindagi Ki Na Toote Ladi and Chana Jor Garam. Net gross of approximately Rs. 10-crore 1st top-grossing film of the 1981 It ran for 67 weeks in theater and it was Golden Jubilee HIT, entailed good profits for all India distributors despite heavy price tag attached. It was costliest movie ever at that time, naya Daur Saat Hindustani Lagaan Pukar Anand Math Kranti at the Internet Movie Database
21.
Shakti (1982 film)
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Shakti is a 1982 Bollywood action crime drama film directed by Ramesh Sippy and starring Dilip Kumar, Amitabh Bachchan, Raakhee, Smita Patil and Amrish Puri with Anil Kapoor in a special appearance. It was written by the writing duo Salim-Javed and produced by Mushir-Riaz. Shakti was notable for being the first and only film to feature veteran actors Dilip Kumar, when the son is kidnapped, the police officer says that he will not betray the law, even if that means death for his son. The movie had a storyline as that of the 1974 Tamil movie Thanga Pathakkam which went on to be remade in Hindi in 1982 as Farz Aur Kanoon. An ex-cop Ashwini Kumar learns that his grandson Ravi Kumar wants to follow his footsteps, Kumar thinks that his grandson is taking this decision in a flow of emotions, without taking into consideration its implications. To warn his grandson about the dangers and pitfalls of the profession, how the grandson makes his decision that would affect his whole life is the crux of the story. Retired Commissioner of Police Ashwini Kumar is at the station to receive his teenage grandson Ravi. On being asked by his grandfather about his plans, Ravi promptly replies that he wants to become a police officer and serve his country. Kumar tells him that the journey of being an officer is fraught with many arduous challenges. Kumar starts by explaining his own story in a flashback. Kumar had a family consisting him, Sheetal, Ravis grandmother. In the course of purging the city of crime, Ashwini takes up cudgels against a gangster named J. K. He arrests a key henchman of J. K. named Yashwant in order to decimate J. K. s supremacy, however, J. K. takes matters into his own hands and abducts Vijay. J. K. calls up Ashwini and tries to strike a deal, Ashwini a virtuous cop, tells J. K. on the phone that even if his only son is killed in the process, he will not betray the law. Unbeknownst to Ashwini, however, the conversation is being tape recorded, when Vijay listen to his fathers voice on the tape recorder, he is shocked and pained to hear his fathers words and his lackadaisical attitude towards his own flesh and blood. With no help forthcoming, Vijay takes it himself to escape his abductors. Whilst the entire gang is searching for Vijay, K. D, Narang, another goon in J. K. s gang, finds Vijay but pities the helpless child and helps him escape to safety. The police trace J. K. s hideout, but find that Vijay is missing, Vijay manages to escape and reaches home safely, but Vijay slowly and surely distances himself from his father
22.
Vidhaata
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Vidhaata is a 1982 Bollywood movie directed by Subhash Ghai and produced by Gulshan Rais company Trimurti Films. It stars Dilip Kumar, Sanjay Dutt and Padmini Kolhapure in lead roles, the film was remade in Kannada as Pithamaha starring Ravichandran, Rajesh, Udayakumar, Vijayalakshmi Singh and was also remade in Tamil as Vamsa Vilakku with Sivaji Ganesan and Prabhu. Shamsher Singh, his son Pratap Singh, and daughter-in-law lead a life in an Indian village. Shamsher works as a driver with his friend Gurbaksh Singh. Seeing his son dead, Shamsher Singh is enraged and he kills some of Jagawars goons whom he had seen throwing his sons body in the forest. When he is about to inquire from one of Jagawars men about the person behind his sons murder and his daughter-in-law dies while giving birth to Kunal Singh. Shamsher takes his grandson Kunal and leaves his village to hide from the police, in the hope of making quick money, to secure his grandsons future, Shamsher starts working for Sir Mizya, a powerful underworld don, and takes on a new identity as Sir Shobraj. Over the course of time, he becomes a wealthy and powerful smuggler, meanwhile, Kunal grows up under the strict supervision of Shamshers loyal employee Abu Baba. He falls in love with Durga, a slum girl. Although Durga is unwilling to leave at first, she agrees to sacrifice her love. Abu Baba comes to their rescue and saves them but is killed by Shamshers men with the help of Jagawar, Kunal is devastated after seeing Abu Babas dead body and promises to take revenge. His investigations into Abu Babas death eventually lead to the identity of his grandfather. Shamsher Singh / Shobraj Shammi Kapoor, vidhaata at the Internet Movie Database
23.
Mashaal
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Mashaal is a 1984 Bollywood film. Produced and directed by Yash Chopra, it starred Dilip Kumar, Anil Kapoor, Waheeda Rehman, Rati Agnihotri, Nilu Phule, Iftekhar, Saeed Jaffery, Gulshan Grover, Alok Nath, Madan Puri and Amrish Puri. The role played by Anil Kapoor was first offered to Amitabh Bachchan and then to Kamal Haasan, but after they declined the offer, Vinod Kumar plays a respected, law-abiding citizen who turns to crime for exacting revenge. The movie was based on the well-known Marathi play Ashroonchi Zhali Phule written by famous Marathi writer Vasant Kanetkar, Vinod Kumar is an upright and honest man, who runs a newspaper named Mashaal. Vinod exposes the ills in the society with help of his newspaper, Vinods wife, Sudha, sees a vagabond named Raja and tries to instill some values and culture in him. Vinod is sceptical about this, but accepts when Raja tells them of his tragic childhood, finally, Vinod decides to help Raja by sending him to Bangalore to complete his education and become a journalist. During frequent meetings with Vinod and Sudha, Raja befriends Geeta, an aspiring journalist and an assistant in Vinods paper, during his investigations, Vinod finds that S. K. Vardhan, a wealthy and respected man in the society, is behind many malpractices. Vinod starts exposing S. Ks illicit business of drug-trafficking and selling hooch and that very night, Vinods newspaper office is burnt down by S. K. s men. Helpless, and on the streets, tragedy strikes Vinod and Sudha further when Sudha, a disillusioned Vinod realizes that S. K. will always trump him, since people also support him. Instead of trying to expose S. K. Vinod now decides to follow S. Ks footsteps in order to destroy him, in a very short time, Vinod becomes a very rich man. All this time, Raja, who is in Bangalore for his studies, is unaware of these developments. The only other person exposed to this truth is Geeta, who has grown resentful of Vinod and has started working in another newspaper, Vinods business now stands as a threat to Vardhans empire. Soon, Raja returns after completing his education and meets Vinod and is surprised to see that the latters lifestyle has changed, but doesnt know the truth. Raja meets Munna, an old friend, from whom he learns that a new crime lord has entered the fray and has gained a foothold in the hooch, Raja decides to expose this criminal, who, unbeknownst to him, is Vinod himself. Vinod is disturbed to learn that Raja is trying to dismantle his empire, Raja starts working for Dinesh, another journalist for whom Geeta also works. A chance discussion between Raja, Dinesh and Geeta leads to the revelation that Vinod is, indeed, the new drug boss, Raja is flummoxed upon learning this, and goes to meet Vinod to confront him about this. Vinod accepts the truth, and tells him what happened, Vinod feels humbled when Raja tells him that he still views Vinod as his mentor, upon which Vinod gives him his blessings to continue his chosen work. Meanwhile, Vinod and S. Ks enmity reaches a head when Raja starts writing about both, finally, S. K kidnaps Raja and threatens him
24.
Karma (1986 film)
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The film reunites Subhash Ghai and Dilip Kumar after the success of their last film together Vidhaata. The film also marked the first time Dilip Kumar was paired with veteran actress Nutan, rana Vishwa Pratap Singh is an ex- high ranking police officer who is in charge of a jail that successfully reforms criminals. He also makes it clear that through bribes and favours he will be released very shortly, the following day Dang assaults a prison warden during an argument about the condition of his cell. On hearing this, Singh goes to Dangs cell and slaps him, Dang then vows to personally take revenge on Singh. While Singh is away, Dangs army successfully locate the prison and they then set about destroying the prison and killing everyone including Singhs family who reside nearby. After a period of mourning Singh decides to embark on a mission to bring Dang, Singhs plan is to train an elite unit, the members of which will be selected from death row. He believes the offer of freedom will motivate the prisoners to swap a life of crime for one of honor, the mission is approved by the Indian government and Singh successfully recruits Baiju Thakur, Johnny/Gyaneshwar, and a former terrorist Khairuddin Chishti. Under the guise of being forest rangers, Singh and his recruits set up base near the Indian border near where they believe Dr Dangs compound is located, Singh and his three soldiers form a strong family bond during their training. However Baiju and Johnny fall in love with local women. Each time they are recaptured by Singh who firmly reminds them that they can continue with the mission or return to death row. Khairuddin pleads with Singh to let Baiju and Johnny leave as he believes they have been reformed, Singh is not pleased and reminds Khairuddin that he granted them life on the basis that they would fight to the end. As far as he is concerned they are here to complete the mission only, the mission takes a setback when Singh is shot by the terrorists whilst protecting his three soldiers who are locked in a nearby building. Singh is taken to a hospital and placed on life support, the three soldiers are distraught and realise they need to complete the mission for Singh. They then receive intelligence on the location of Dr Dangs compound which they successfully infiltrate. With the help of hostages who have been held captive by the terrorists, they set about destroying the compound and it soon becomes apparent that the destruction of the heavily guarded munitions centre is the only way the terrorists organisation can be defeated. Khairuddin hatches a plan that involves driving a truck filled with explosives into the heart of the building, Baiju and Johnny argue that the plan is too dangerous and they would all be killed in the process. However Khairuddin wants to sacrifice himself so that his friends can enjoy their new found freedom, Baiju and Johnny are forcibly removed off the truck by Khairuddin who then goes on to destroy the munitions centre at the cost of his life. Johnny and Baiju return to the compound and kill the remaining terrorists bringing the battle to its conclusion
25.
Kanoon Apna Apna
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Kanoon Apna Apna is a 1989 Hindi action-drama film starring Dilip Kumar, Sanjay Dutt and Nutan. It was a box office hit, earning 4 Crore Net in 1989, the film, however, did not live up to the expectations set by Vidhaata that also starred both Dilip Kumar and Sanjay Dutt. The Collector of Anokhapur, Jagatpratap Singh is a stickler for law, however, his son, Ravi believes that sometimes illegal means may be adopted in order to assert control. This causes conflict between the two, bhushannath Dharmendra Bhadbhole is a corrupt Minister of Fisheries. His son, Kailash, and Kabza Kanhaiyalal rape and kill Jagatprataps maid/servant and they are acquitted because they gave fake alibis. Ravi decides to give these criminals the punishment they deserve, as Ravi knows this will cause a conflict with his father, he decides to leave home. He then becomes a police inspector and this does not heal the father-son bond as he still has different ideas about the meaning of justice. After deliberating on the statement that the law is for human beings but not for monsters, Kanhaiyalal Mayur Verma as Satyen Raza Murad as Dr. Mathur Jayshree Gadkar as College Principal Disco Shanti as Dancer / Singer The soundtrack was written by Indeevar and composed by Bappi Lahiri. Kanoon Apna Apna at the Internet Movie Database
26.
Saudagar (1991 film)
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Saudagar is a Bollywood film, directed by Subhash Ghai. It starred two veteran actors of the Hindi silver screen of yesteryear, Dilip Kumar and Raaj Kumar and it was the second film in which the two actors came together after the 1959 film Paigham. It featured the performances of Vivek Mushran and Manisha Koirala. Amrish Puri, Anupam Kher, Dalip Tahil, Gulshan Grover, Dina Pathak, the story line is influenced from the famous play Romeo and Juliet and Mandhaaris role is parallel to that of Friar Laurence in Romeo and Juliet. The film was a Silver Jubilee success all over India and was a hit, saudagar got director Subhash Ghai his only Filmfare Best Director Award. The movie starts with Mandhari, an old crippled man, telling a story of two friends to some kids, in the story, Rajeshwar Singh, a landlords son, and Veer Singh, a poor boy, become friends. They are naughty kids, calling each other as Raju and Veeru respectively, as the duo grow up, Raju decides to get his sisters marriage arranged with Veeru. Neither his sister nor Veeru have any objections to the marriage, however, as luck would have it, a girls marriage is disrupted due to her in laws demanding dowry. Veeru steps in to save the face of the girl and her parents by marrying her, while Raju is shocked by this development, his sister, who had a secret crush on Veeru, commits suicide. A devastated and distraught Raju now declares that Veeru is solely responsible for whatever happened, with these new developments, the duo have their territories marked. They come to an uneasy and unwritten truce, no one will kill a living soul from the others territory, Chuniya, a kin of Raja, sees an opportunity to leech off the money of Rajeshwar by keeping the two sides at war. Chuniya has Veers son Vishal killed, making the latter believe that Rajeshwar will stop at nothing to eliminate Veer, over the years, the tension escalates. The clashes between the friends become a headache for the Commissioner. Mandhari, who is now revealed to be a beggar and part of the story, Mandhari claims to the Commissioner that the day he finds out a solution to the problem, he will dance on one leg. Here, Rajeshwars granddaughter Radha and Veers grandson Vasu meet each other, Radha and Vasu are unaware of the enmity and fall in love. When Mandhari finds about this, he completes his pledge to himself. Then, he reveals his plans to end the enmity, according to which Radha will infiltrate Veers home, the lovers succeed in doing so, and try to make the old friends see reason. Aarti, Vishals widow, learns the identity of Radha
27.
Saira Banu
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Saira Banu, also known as Saira Bano, is an Indian Hindi film actress and the wife of the film actor Dilip Kumar. She acted in many Bollywood films between 1961 and 1988, Saira Banu was born in India to actress Naseem Banu and film producer Mian Ehsan-ul-Haq, who produced the film Phool in Mumbai and film Wadah in Pakistan. Her maternal grandmother was the courtesan Chamiyan Bai, also known as Shamshad Begum of Delhi and her niece is former actress Shaheen Banu who is the daughter of her brother Sultan. Saira spent a significant part of her childhood in London, and her maternal grandmother was from Hasanpur. Her paternal grandfather, Muhammad Suleman, was an architect who served as the Chief Engineer of New Delhi and was involved in the construction of Jinnahs Mazar in Karachi. Her paternal grandmother, Khatoon Begum, was from Old Delhis Mohalla Churiwalan and her paternal grand-aunt, Khadeeja Begum, was married to the Shahi Imam of the Jama Masjid in Delhi, Ahmed Bukhari. Saira Banu was 16 years old in 1960, the year she made her debut to Hindi films and she said in a programme that she had basic talent and little dancing experience. Her peers all were trained, which was why she wasnt put in the top league. Saira started taking Kathak and Bharata Natyam lessons with success and trained herself professionally, soon she became a dancer and her films flaunted more of her dance. Banu made her debut opposite Shammi Kapoor in the 1961 film Junglee for which she earned her first Filmfare nomination as Best Actress. The famous song from this movie Yaahoo, chahe Koi Mujhe Junglee Kahe sung by Mohammed Rafi was a big success. Junglee was written by Aghajani Kashmeri, who coached her in Urdu dialogue delivery, given his background in Urdu literature. Junglee also instantly made her a successful actress throughout the 1960s and her image was that of a romantic heroine for love stories in the 1960s till 1967. She did one more film opposite Shammi Kapoor named Bluff Master directed by Manmohan Desai and she did a double role in the film Yeh Zindagi Kitni Haseen Hai. After her marriage in 1966, her first film to release was Aman opposite Rajendra Kumar and her films with Navin Nishchol were very successful like Victoria No.203 and Paise Ki Gudiya. In an interview she quoted that she regretted missing chance of working with Rajesh Khanna and she quoted I was supposed to work with him in Choti Bahu but I could not because I was ill. I shot with him for two days and found that he was charming, humble and a shy person. She did earn three additional Filmfare nominations as Best Actress for Shagird, Diwana, and Sagina and her only film to be successful at box office opposite her husband was Gopi
28.
Ayub Khan (actor)
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Ayub Khan is an Indian film and television actor, most known for TV series, Uttaran. He is the son of actor Nasir Khan and Begum Para and his father was the brother of actor Dilip Kumar. His mother was the aunt of Amrita Singhs mother Rukhsana Sultana. He has acted in over 20 films since 1992 and in television serials. Born into the Hindko speaking Awan tribe to former 1950s actress Begum Para and his mothers sister Zarina is the mother of Rukhsana Sultana, mother of actress Amrita Singh. Ayub Khan was married to Niharika Bhasin, known for films like Rock On. when Niharika left to the US for her studies, they married other people. After 11 years they divorced and married each other, sunil Teesri Aankh, The Hidden Camera. Mohan Shanbagh Kuch To Gadbad Hai, Inspector Shaheed Khan Qayamat, City Under Threat Meghla Akash. Gopala Salma Pe Dil Aa Gaya The Death Sentence, Mrityu Dand, karan Kumar Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki. Soumya and Surbhis father Maninder Saab Ji - Doorsarshan Zindagi Abhi Baaki Hai Mere Ghost. Keith Adams Phir Bhi Na Maane. Badtameez Dil. Kuber Malhotraa Ek Hasina Thi. Rajnath Goenka Ek Tha Rusty II and III. Inspector Uttaran, jogi Thakur Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein Honge Judaa Naa Hum. Abhimanyu Duggal Dil Se Diya Vachan. Govind Karmarkar Rakhi - Ek Atoot Rishte Ki Dor, bhai Raja Jeete Hain Jiske Liye. Anjalis husband India Calling. Adityas elder brother or Kaminis husband Kasshish Piya Bina Muskaan Tu Naseeb Hai Kisi Aur Ka Sambandh Aandhi. Varun Karishma - The Miracles of Destiny Trikon, parikshit Ayub Khan at the Internet Movie Database
29.
Filmfare Award for Best Actor
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The Filmfare Award for Best Actor is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The award was first given in 1954, as of 2016, Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan lead the list, with eight wins each. In January 2017, Rishi Kapoor confessed that he had purchased the Filmfare Award for Best Actor in 1974 for Rs.40,000, Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan, with eight wins, have more Best Actor awards than any other actor. Amitabh Bachchan has five wins, Hrithik Roshan has four wins, six other actors have won the award in consecutive years, in chronological order, they are Rajesh Khanna, Sanjeev Kumar, Amitabh Bachchan, Naseeruddin Shah, Shah Rukh Khan, and Ranbir Kapoor. Three actors were nominated for both awards, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor, for the same performance, Raaj Kumar for Kaajal, Ashok Kumar for Aashirwad. On both occasions, Ashok Kumar and Kamal Haasan won the Best Actor award and Raaj Kumar won the Best Supporting Actor award, Shah Rukh Khan, Hrithik Roshan, Amitabh Bachchan and Ranbir Kapoor are the actors who won both these Best Actor awards in the same year. Shah Rukh Khan, Hrithik Roshan, Amitabh Bachchan and Ranbir Kapoor, three actors have won the award for their debut performances, Rishi Kapoor for Bobby, Anupam Kher for Saaransh and Hrithik Roshan for Kaho Naa. Aamir Khan has the highest number of nominations, having been nominated for the Award every year from 1989 till 1997. Followed by Amitabh Bachchan being nominated eight times from 1976 to 1983 having total 15 nominations. Dilip Kumar achieved supremacy in 1950s with four wins and continued domination in 1960s with three wins, Rajesh Khanna took over in the 1970s with three wins. Naseeruddin Shah emerged successful in the 1980s with three wins, Shah Rukh Khan garnered triumph with four wins in the 1990s. Hrithik Roshan had four wins in 2000s which were the highest, Ranbir Kapoor is leading the 2010s with two wins to his credit. Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan hold the record for the highest number of Best Actor nominations in a single year, Amitabh Bachchan has been nominated thrice in 1979 and 1983 and Shah Rukh Khan in 2005. Amitabh Bachchan is the most nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, Hrithik Roshan, Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan are the only actors to be nominated twice for the same role. Hrithik Roshan achieved this twice, he was nominated for his role as Krishna Mehra in 2007 and 2014. Dhoni, The Untold Story as Mahendra Singh Dhoni Filmfare Awards Filmfare Best Actress Award Bollywood Filmfare Awards South Cinema of India Best Actor list from Filmfare
30.
Padma Bhushan
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The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for distinguished service of a high order, as of 2017, the award has been bestowed on 1231 individuals, including 19 posthumous and 92 non-citizen recipients. The Padma Awards Committee is constituted every year by the Prime Minister of India, the committee later submits their recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for the further approval. The award recipients are announced on 26 January, the Republic Day of India, when instituted in 1954, twenty-three recipients were honoured with the Padma Bhushan. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous conferrals but this was modified in the January 1955 statute. The Padma Bhushan, along with other personal civil honours, was suspended twice, from July 1977 to January 1980. Some of the recipients have refused or returned their conferments, on 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards, the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The award, along with other personal civilian honours, was suspended twice in its history. The first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India, for being worthless, the suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being titles per an interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of India, on 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges, A. M. Ahmadi C. J. Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the Bharat Ratna, the award is conferred for distinguished service of a high order. without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was modified in the January 1955 statute. Kizhakemuri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1999, the recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, convened by the Prime Minister of India. The Awards Committee later submits its recommendations to the Prime Minister, the conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The original specification of the award was a made of standard silver 1 3⁄8 inches in diameter. A floral wreath was embossed along the edge and a lotus wreath at the top along the upper edge. The State Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the side with the text Desh Seva in Devanagari Script on the lower edge
31.
Dadasaheb Phalke Award
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The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is Indias highest award in cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, as of 2014, the award comprises a Swarna Kamal medallion, a shawl, and a cash prize of ₹1,000,000. First presented in 1969, the award was introduced by the Government of India to commemorate Dadasaheb Phalkes contribution to Indian cinema. Phalke, who is known as and often regarded as the father of Indian cinema, was an Indian film-maker who directed Indias first full-length feature film. The first recipient of the award was actress Devika Rani, who was honoured at the 17th National Film Awards, as of 2015, there have been 47 awardees. Among those, actor Prithviraj Kapoor is the posthumous recipient. His actor-filmmaker son, Raj Kapoor, accepted the award on his behalf at the 19th National Film Awards in 1971 and was himself a recipient in 1987 at the 35th National Film Awards ceremony. The most recent recipient of the award is actor Manoj Kumar who was honoured at the 63rd National Film Awards ceremony, gulzar, Nihalani, Govind, Chatterjee, Saibal, eds. Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India National Film Awards Archives
32.
Nishan-e-Imtiaz
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The Nishan-i-Imtiaz is one of the state organized civil decorations of State of Pakistan. It is the highest honour given to any civilian in Pakistan based on their achievements towards world recognition for Pakistan or a service for the country. The award is not limited to citizens of Pakistan and, while it is an award, it can also be awarded to military personnel. The other three descending categories are Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Sitara-i-Imtiaz and Tamgha-e-Imtiaz, usually, it is regarded as the highest award one can achieve in Pakistan since the higher award Nishan-e-Pakistan is awarded only to foreign Heads of States. The award was established in March 19,1957, following the proclamation of State of Pakistan as a Parliamentary republic, the award is the top decoration in the country, given to a person who has accomplished duty beyond what is assigned to him/her. The person has to show eminence and be outstanding in providing excellent service in a significant field of activity and it means that he/she has to prove that he/she has achieved distinction. The award may be awarded posthumously and may also be awarded to a more than once. For civilians, it is awarded for distinguished merit, honouring their excellence in their fields of literature, arts, sports, medicine. The award is given to individuals not groups because the whole purpose of the award is to recognise individual excellence. Parliaments committee for the Award and Recognition of Services for the State of Pakistan, select individuals, on advice of the Prime Minister, the President organizes a colorful ceremony that is telecast and broadcast nationally. This award ceremony is held once in a year, nominees are announced on Independence Day, Nishan-i-Imtiaz is awarded to the nominees by the President of Pakistan in a colorful public ceremony. The badge of the Nishan-e-Imtiaz is in the form of pure golden star with light-white enamel, written in gold words around the green emerald, it reads as نشان امتیاز. A golden Jasminum stands between the point of the star and it is worn around the neck with a yellow, bright yellow and white ribbon or bright green and white ribbon with white edge stripes. A special grade of the award has an execution of the same medal design worn as a star on the left chest. At the ceremony, both medals can be worn at the same time
33.
Padma Vibhushan
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The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India, preceded by Bharat Ratna and followed by Padma Bhushan. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for exceptional and distinguished service, without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award criteria include service in any field including service rendered by Government servants including doctors and scientists, as of 2017, the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals, including twelve posthumous and 19 non-citizen recipients. During 1 May and 15 September of every year, the recommendations for the award are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, the committee later submits their recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for the further approval. The award recipients are announced on Republic Day, the first recipients of the award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, and V. K. Krishna Menon, who were honoured in 1954. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was modified in the January 1955 statute. The Padma Vibhushan, along with other personal civil honours, was suspended twice, from July 1977 to January 1980. Some of the recipients have refused or returned their conferments, on 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards, the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister, both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being titles per an interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of India. On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges, A. M. Ahmadi C. J. Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the Bharat Ratna, the award is conferred for exceptional and distinguished service, without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, the Awards Committee later submits its recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for further approval. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette, the original 1954 specifications of the award called for a circle made of gold gilt 1 3⁄8 inches in diameter, with rims on both sides. A floral wreath was embossed along the edge and a lotus wreath at the top along the upper edge. The Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the side with the text Desh Seva in Devanagari Script on the lower edge. The medal was suspended by a pink riband 1 1⁄4 inches in width divided into two segments by a white vertical line. A year later, the design was modified, the current decoration is a circular-shaped bronze toned medallion 1 3⁄4 inches in diameter and 1⁄8 inch thick
34.
Bollywood
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Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed, according to Matusitz, J. & Payano, P. In 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood, Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema. The name Bollywood is a derived from Bombay, India, and Hollywood, California. Bollywood does not exist as a physical place, some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood. The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood, the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal and it was this chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables, Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name Tollywood being coined. However, Tollywood is now used popularly to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, the term Bollywood itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the worlds largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna. Raja Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke, is known as the first silent feature film made in India, by the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, was a commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals, Bollywood, the 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times, India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, in 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the fare at the cinema. Following Indias independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s is regarded by historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period, examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa and Kaagaz Ke Phool and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara, Shree 420 and Dilip Kumars Aan
35.
Bombay Talkies
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Bombay Talkies was a movie studio founded in 1934. During its period of operation the Bombay Talkies produced 40 movies in Malad, the Studio was established in 1934 by Himanshu Rai and the Devika Rani. After Rais death in 1940, Rani took over the Studio, besides the founders, Ashok Kumar was the leading actor of the Studio until 1943, when he founded another studio – Filmistan – with Shashadhar Mukherjee. After Ranis retirement, Kumar and Mukherjee took over Bombay Talkies, the last film produced by the Studio was released in June 1954. For the period in history it represented, the Bombay Talkies was considered to be an innovative. In line with standards, the studios facilities included sound and echo-proof stages, laboratories, editing rooms. The reputation of the Bombay Talkies was further enhanced by employing experienced European technicians, Bombay Talkies acquired a reputation for changing the aesthetic and technology traditionally associated with Indian films. It was also renowned for producing films on topics such as those dealing with love between an untouchable lower caste girl and a high caste Hindu Brahmin boy. Madhubala and Dilip Kumar, who co-starred in four Bombay Talkies films, engaged in a long term, raj Kapoor worked as an assistant to Amiya Chakravarty of Bombay Talkies, before becoming a famous director. Following the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the company faced a number of problems, the most significant change for the studio involved Himanshu Rai, the studios founder, suffering a nervous breakdown which ultimately resulted in his demise. Following the shock caused by his demise, control of the company passed on to Devika Rani who was appointed as the key producer of the Bombay Talkies studios. The most successful Bombay Talkies films produced during this period included Kangan and Bandhan, in 1943, Kismet created a local record for the longest continual showing of the same film. The movie continued to run for more three and half years at the Roxy movie theater in Calcutta, India. Despite Devika Ranis success as the Bombay Talkies head producer, in 1943 a rift arose between her and her managers Sashadhar Mukherjee and Ashok Kumar, negotiations between Devika Rani on the one hand and Sashadhar Mukherjee and Ashok Kumar on the other failed to unite the company. Shashdhar Mukherjee, Ashok Kumar and a few left the company in 1943 to found Filmistan. In 1945, Devika Rani marries the russian painter Svetoslav Roerich, after several tentatives to reunite the studio, it is sold to Tolaram Jalan, a businessman, who decides to cease its operations in 1953. 1934, The Bombay Talkies film company is conceived and established,1935, Jawani ki Hawa, a thriller starring Devika Rani is released. 1936, Jeevan Naiya and Achhut Kanya are released to wide acclaim,1940, Himanshu Rai, a key founder of the Bombay Talkies passes away
36.
Babul (1950 film)
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Babul or is a 1950 Bollywood film directed by S. U. Sunny produced and with music direction by Naushad, the film stars Dilip Kumar, Munawar Sultana and Nargis. A box-office success, the became the second highest earning film of 1950, earning an approximate gross of Rs.1,25,00,000. A girl named Bela, the poor and simple daughter of the former postmaster woos for his affections and is supported by her father who wants her married. Bela prepares Ashoks meals, teases and amuses him, and imagines of a marriage with Ashok who likes her but is not in love with her. Bela has competition from the wealthy landowner Jamnadass daughter Usha, who lives a lifestyle in a hilltop mansion. Usha, drives a car and seems more suitable for Ashok the young postmaster. They share a love of art and music, and Usha falls in love with his singing. Bela, heartbroken, in a fit of jealousy intervenes by lying to Usha that Ashok has already professed his love for her and is playing a double game. As Usha’s wedding approaches, both she and Ashok become depressed and Bela has recurring nightmares of a black-veiled rider coming to carry her away, Bela witnesses Ushas wedding while sitting in a tree, believing that shortly afterwards she would be married off to Ashok. But the tree branch that she is sitting on breaks and she falls to the ground, as she is brought back to her fathers home in this condition, Ashok arrives and promises her father he would marry Bela. As Ashok sits on Belas bedside to comfort her, Bela dreams again that the rider has come to get her. Tun Tun H. Pahadi Vinod Ismail Amar A, shah Nawab Premi Jugnu Chandabala Seema Meher Rajbala Khurshid The score and a soundtrack of fifteen songs was composed by Naushad and lyrics penned by Shakeel Badayuni. The songs were mostly about the joys and pains of love in the film is closely connected to the dialogue, the best known song in the film Chod Babul Ka Ghar, is performed when a newly married girl departs from her maternal home and village. The lovesong Nadi Kinare is performed by Ashok and Usha and a group of boatmen, the film takes a theatrical form, largely attributed to the set of the film and script. Babul Babul at the Internet Movie Database
37.
Daag (1952 film)
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Daag is a 1952 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Amiya Chakravarty. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Nimmi and Lalita Pawar in lead roles, the films music is composed by duo Shankar Jaikishan. Dilip Kumar won the first ever Filmfare Award in the Best Actor category for his performance in this film, the Awards were instituted from 1954. The film fared well at the box office and was declared a hit, Shankar and his mother live a poor lifestyle. To earn money he makes and sells mud toys, being the lone bread winner of the family, he is unable to meet the needs. His debt starts rising higher and higher when he gets addicted to alcohol and he is attracted to Parvati, who also lives a poor lifestyle along with her step-brother, Jagat Narayan, his wife, and their daughter, Pushpa. After an argument with his mother, Shankar departs to the city, gives up drinking and he then returns home and pays off his mortgage. With new confidence he proposes to marry Parvati, but he is then told that Parvatis marriage has been arranged elsewhere. Broken, he starts drinking again and his mother dies at this stage. Now he again starts drinking heavily and start walking on the path of self-destruction, only thing which can save his life is Parvatis love. But her parents are the only obstacle who are in the view that drunken Shankar can never become a man in life. In a dramatic turns of events, Shankar quits alcohol and the film finishes with a happy ending. Filmfare Best Actor Award for Dilip Kumar Daag at the Internet Movie Database
38.
Azaad (1955 film)
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Azaad is a 1955 Bollywood film produced and directed by Sriramulu Naidu S. M. Hit songs from the movie include Aplam Chaplam sung by Lata and Usha Mangeshkar and it was the top grossing Hindi film in the year of its release, and one of the biggest Hindi film hit in its decade. After her widower dad, Kedarnath, passes away, Shobha goes to live with her fathers friend, Charandas and his wife, Shanta, years later Shobha is now matured and Charandas scouts for a suitable groom. A wealthy man, Sunder, would like to marry Shobha, then one night Shobha is abducted. The Police are informed but their search is in vain, a few days later they get wind that Shobha may be in Sunders custody, a search does prove to be in vain. Then Shobha returns home and tells them she was rescued by a man named Azaad, housed in a mansion, looked after very well. They subsequently find out that the man is none other than a notorious bandit named Azaad. They are even more shocked when Shobha informs them that she wants to get married to Azaad, will Charandas and Shanta permit her to marry a bandit. Azaad / Abdul Rahim Khan / Kumar Meena Kumari, gopi According to author, musicologist and film critic Rajesh Subramanian reveals that composer Naushad was first offered the film. He refused when producer S. M. Sriramulu Naidu insisted that the songs had to be composed in a week, C Ramchandra was roped and the melodies were composed in a record time. According to a book published by Raju Bharatan, film director Naidu requested Naushad to compose 10 tunes within 30 days for which he would get his due payment, to this the great maestro is reported to have said, Naidusaab, yeh koi baniye ki dukaan samjha aapne. Ek gaana nahi milega aapko tees din main, the music was composed by C. Ramchandra and the songs were written by Rajendra Krishan Azaad at the Internet Movie Database
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Yahudi
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Yahudi (Hindi, यहूदी, is a Bollywood film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and it was based play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Films lyricist, Shailendra won the Filmfare Awards award for best lyricist in 6th Filmfare Awards, for the song, the plot bears similarities to Jacques Fromental Halévys opera La Juive. The story revolves around the life of a foster relationship, set in the era of the Roman Empire over 2000 years ago, it centres around the point of persecution of Jews at the time in the empires centre - Rome. Ezra is a jeweller who has a son called Elijah and he also has a friendly butler/child minder called Emmanuel. In the beginning, Ezra is due to leave, as he does, Elijah becomes upset and stands at the balcony. In the roads of the Jewish area, Brutus, Governor of Rome, is passing, making an announcement, watching over the balcony, is Elijah. A stone slips from his hand and hits Brutus on the head, Brutus immediately gets Elijah arrested, and as Elijah is a Jew, sentences him to death. Hearing this, Ezra rapidly returns from his trip and arrives at the doorstep of Brutus and he begs Brutus to free Elijah but Brutus feeds Elijah to hungry lions. Ezra sadly returns to his house, in revenge, Emmanuel kidnaps Lydia, motherless daughter of Brutus, and takes her to Ezra. Ezra declines to kill Lydia and adopts the child and he orders the guards to find his daughter, and call for punishment of all Jews. Ezra remains hidden and raises Lydia, who grows up thinking she is Ezras daughter, years pass and Ezra grows to become a successful jeweler, well known to be so good and a Jew. Hannah grows into a young lady and attracts attention from many. The Emperor of Rome arrives in Rome for the marriage of his son Prince Marcus to Brutus niece Princess Octivia, however, Prince Marcus avoids talking about his marriage and opposes it. One day, when returning from a trip, he gets hurt and is cared for by Hannah. He then disguises as a Jew and goes back into the Jewish area and he saves Hannah from a Roman soldier and meets her father, Ezra, not as Prince Marcus but as Monshija, a successful Jew from Alexandria. Ezra is happy to meet him and Monshija and Hannah fall in love, but Hannah soon notices that something isnt right. Prince Marcus then reveals who he is, making Hannah very upset who banishes the Prince from her life, then comes the day of the marriage of Prince Marcus and Princess Octivia
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Kohinoor (1960 film)
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Kohinoor is a 1960 Bollywood film produced by Dr V. N. Sinha and directed by S U Sunny. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Leela Chitnis, the films music is by Naushad. It is said that Dilip Kumar went into depression after playing tragic roles in such as Devdas. One such role that he took up was Kohinoor, Kohinoor cast Dilip Kumar and Meena Kumari to play a prince and princess of different kingdoms and was full of sword fights, songs and dances. This film is notable for some rare comical and funny scenes by Meena Kumari. Its tone was light and it lacked the intense characterisations of their earlier films and it was a major hit of the year. Veers wife, who has brought up Dhivendra like her own son, Surinder, the Maharaja of Rajgarh is pleased to hear of this, and asks his daughter to set forth to Kailash Nagar. On the way there, she is abducted by her very own Senapati, Dhivendra rescues her, both fall in love, but are captured by Senapatis men. Dhivendra is gravelly injured but manages to escape and is looked after Rajgarhs Raj Nartaki, Rajlaxmi, after Dhivendra recuperates, he finds out that Chandramukhi is being held against her will at Senapatis castle, he sets forth to set her free, but is captured in the process. Held in chains, he is blinded by a vengeful Rajlaxmi, Dilip Kumar Meena Kumari Azim Bina Leela Chitnis Jeevan Raja Kapur Nazir Kashmiri Kumar Kumkum Rekha Mallick Mukri Nissar Qamar M. Y. Shaikh Sood Tun Tun Uma The well acclaimed soundtrack for the movie was composed by Naushad, the soundtrack became a cult favourite among music lovers for its soul stirring music compositions. The soundtrack consists of 10 songs, featuring vocals by Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar, the best known song in the soundtrack is Madhuban Mein Radhika Nache Re, a classical dance song, composed on rāga Hamir and sung by Mohammed Rafi. Filmfare Best Actor Award for Dilip Kumar Filmfare Best Editing Award for Moosa Mansoor Kohinoor at the Internet Movie Database
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