1.
Hip hop
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Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
2.
A. R. Rahman
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Allah-Rakha Rahman, is an Indian composer, singer-songwriter, music producer, musician and philanthropist. A. R. Rahmans works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with music, world music. Among his awards are two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe, four National Film Awards, fifteen Filmfare Awards and he has been awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, in 2010 by the Government of India. In 2009, Rahman on the Time 100 list of the worlds most influential people, the UK-based world-music magazine Songlines named him one of Tomorrows World Music Icons in August 2011. With an in-house studio, Rahmans film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja, working in Indias film industries, international cinema and theatre, Rahman is one of the worlds all-time best-selling recording artists. In a notable career, he has been acclaimed for redefining contemporary Indian film music. Rahman has become a humanitarian and philanthropist, donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities. Rahmans body of work for film and stage has given him the nickname of the Mozart of Madras, Rahman was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. His father, R. K. Shekhar, was a composer and conductor for Tamil and Malayalam films, Rahman assisted his father in the studio. After his fathers death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his fathers musical equipment provided his familys income, raised by his mother, Kareema, Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots and founded the Chennai-based rock group Nemesis Avenue. He mastered the keyboard, piano, synthesizer, harmonium and guitar, Rahman began his early musical training under Master Dhanraj, and at age 11 began playing in the orchestra of Malayalam composer M. K. Arjunan. Studying in Chennai, Rahman graduated with a diploma in Western classical music from the school, Rahman was introduced to Qadiri Islam when his younger sister was seriously ill in 1984. His mother was a practicing Hindu and he converted to Islam with other members of his family in 1989 at age 23, changing his name from R. S. Dileep Kumar to Allah Rakha Rahman. Rahman initially composed scores for documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels, in 1987 Rahman, then still known as Dileep, composed jingles for a line of watches introduced by Allwyn. He also arranged the jingles for advertisements that went on to become very popular, including the popular jingle for Titan Watches. In 1992, he was approached by director Mani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil film, Rahmans film career began in 1992 when he started Panchathan Record Inn, a recording and mixing studio in his backyard. It would become the recording studio in India, and arguably one of Asias most sophisticated. Cinematographer Santosh Sivan signed Rahman for the Malayalam film Yodha, a Mohanlal starrer directed by Sivans brother Sangeeth Sivan that released in September 1992, the following year, Rahman received the Rajat Kamal award for best music director at the National Film Awards for Roja
3.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
4.
Lingaa
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Lingaa is a 2014 Indian Tamil action film written and directed by K. S. The film was produced by Rockline Venkatesh under Rockline Entertainment, the films script was written by Pon Kumaran. The film stars Rajinikanth, Anushka Shetty and Sonakshi Sinha in the lead roles while Santhanam, Jagapati Babu, the soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman. The cinematography and editing was handled by R. Rathnavelu and Samjith Mhd respectively, the film revolves around Lingaa, a thief who enters a village called Solaiyur to save the dam and temple built by his grandfather. Principal photography commenced during the last week of May 2014 in Mysore, the majority of the filming took place in Ramoji Film City. The climax portions were filmed in Shimoga, the film was released on 12 December 2014, coinciding with Rajinikanths birthday. The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi with same name, though an above average grosser at the box office, the film failed to recover its high distribution cost. A dam in the village of Solaiyur, which is the lifeline of that village is under assessment for structural integrity by the Public Works Department, the dam inspector assesses that the dam is still strong 75 years after it was built. Later that evening, he is hacked to death by the corrupt local MP Nagabhushan, Karunakara and the villagers are of the opinion that the temple can only be opened by the descendant of Raja Lingeswaran, who built the dam as well as the Shiva temple. Lakshmi, the granddaughter of Karunakara and a television journalist, goes on a search to find the Rajas descendant and she soon manages to find the descendant, whose name is Lingeswaran aka Lingaa. Lingaa is the grandson of Raja Lingeswaran, but is a petty thief with his family having now fallen on hard times. He holds a grudge against his grandfather, feeling that he had brought down his family into poverty by squandering all his wealth, however, Lakshmi implicates Lingaa in a robbery, as a result of which the police pursue Lingaa. Lingaa is forced to accept Lakshmis invitation to avoid getting caught, aware of the villagers presence, Lingaa pretends to perform pooja to the Lingam. Karunakara then tells everyone present, including Lingaa, the story of Raja Lingeswaran, there the people tell him that they have no water for 9 months per year, and the other 3 months they have heavy rainfall and floods. They are unable to water and the resulting famines cause hundreds of deaths every year. Though the collector applies to construct a dam, his plan is rejected in the annual collectors meeting and he refuses to do so and is blackmailed that he will be fired. He immediately resigns his job and exits and he invites the provincial governor to his birthday dinner and cunningly gets approval from him, on condition that the dam will be built using his own finance. Though he faces multiple difficulties, the dam is nearly constructed, the doors are being held in custody by the new collector as stolen goods and the floods are soon to occur
5.
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
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Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrahmanyam pronunciation, born 4 June 1946, is an Indian film playback singer, actor, music director, voice actor and film producer. He is mostly referred to as S. P. B. or Balu and he has won the Guinness World Record for recording the highest number of songs. He has garnered six National Film Awards for Best Male Playback Singer, in 2012, He received the Andhra Pradesh state NTR National Award for his contributions to Indian cinema. He has recorded over 40,000 songs in various Indian languages and he has won National Film Awards across four languages, as well as a Bollywood Filmfare Award, five Filmfare Awards South, and numerous state awards from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. He is a recipient of awards such as Padmashri and Padma Bhushan from the government of India. In 2016, he was honored with the inaugural Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the year at the 47th International Film Festival of India, Balasubrahmanyam was born in a Telugu Family to S. P. Sambamurthy in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Balasubrahmanyams father was a Harikatha artiste who had acted in plays. He has two brothers and five sisters, including singer S. P. Sailaja, Balasubrahmanyam developed an interest towards music at an early age, studied notations and learned to play instruments such as the harmonium and flute on his own while listening to his father. He enrolled at JNTU College of Engineering Anantapur with the intention of becoming an engineer and he discontinued his studies early due to typhoid and joined as an Associate Member of the Institution of Engineers, Chennai. He continued to pursue music during his studies and won awards at singing competitions. In 1964, he won the first prize in a competition for amateur singers organised by the Madras-based Telugu Cultural Organisation. He was the leader of a music troupe composed of Anirutta, Ilaiyaraaja, Baskar. He was selected as the best singer in a competition which was judged by S. P. Kodandapani. Often visiting music composers seeking opportunities, his first audition song was Nilave Ennidam Nerungadhe and it was rendered by veteran playback singer P. B. Srinivas, who used to write and give him multi-lingual verses in Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Sanskrit, English, balasubramanyam is married to Savitri and has two children, a daughter Pallavi, and a son S. P. B. Charan, also a singer and film producer. Balasubrahmanyam made his debut as a singer on 15 December 1966 with Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna. The first Non-Telugu song that he recorded just eight days after his debut Telugu song was in Kannada in 1966 for the film Nakkare Ade Swarga starring Kannada comedy stalwart T. R. Narasimharaju
6.
Race Gurram
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Race Gurram is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by Surender Reddy and produced by Nallamalupu Srinivas under his banner Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions. The film features an ensemble cast of Allu Arjun and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles while S. Thaman composed the music and this was Allu Arjun and Shruti Haasans first collaboration. Principal photography began on 13 May 2013 in Hyderabad, the films talkie part was completed on 24 December 2013, with the entire shoot completed on 22 February 2014. The film had a release on 11 April 2014 The dubbed Malayalam version of the film titled Lucky. It was also dubbed into Hindi as Main Hoon Lucky, the Racer.4 crore and it won the Filmfare Awards for Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Playback Singer – Male. Race gurram released in 1150 theatres worldwide and it collected ₹107 crore in its lifetime, Race Gurram was the highest grossing Telugu film of 2014 which topped Yevadu record and eventually went on to become the fifth highest grossing Telugu film of all time. Ram and Lakshman aka Lucky are brothers and are polar opposites in nature, Luckys mother wishes to see Ram and Lucky united. Shiva Reddy kills Sameer, a sincere ACP who happens to be Rams friend and Sameers father wants to stop Shiva Reddy from contesting in the elections and eventually get him arrested. Lucky falls for Spandana, a stoic person who shows little emotion as taught by her father. After meeting Lucky on a basis, she turns expressive. He then vows to destroy Rams life, Lucky is attacked by Shiva Reddys henchmen because of which he comes to know that Shiva Reddy wanted to kill Ram. He becomes furious and fatally attacks Shiva Reddy and he comes to know that Ram is a sincere police officer and starts to respect him fulfilling his mothers wish, which Ram reciprocates. To divert Rams attention from the jeep theft case, he, after turning a MLC, Shiva Reddy goes on to become a minister and decides to take revenge on Lucky’s family. First Ram is defamed in the public which makes him lose his job, their legally built house is demolished and someone informs Ram, Lucky is attacked by Shiva Reddy, who gloats to him about his power and how Luckys attitude will always keep the useless wastrel he is. Lucky escapes after Shiva Reddy brutally beats him and plans to revenge on Shiva Reddy with the help of Home Minister Govardhan. He fools him by saying that he is suffering from leukemia and he also asks him to do a 12-hour prayer so that there might be a chance of his survival for which he should not remain in contact with anyone. Lucky hatches a plan to some of his assets and he fools Shiva Reddy. Lucky arrests Ram as the first act of the day in front of his family, with the help of media and Kill Bill Pandey, he traps Shiva Reddy and his father
7.
Rapping
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The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
8.
Si3 (film)
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Si3 is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action-masala film written and directed by Hari. A sequel to Singam II and the film in the Singam franchise, it stars Suriya, Shruti Haasan. Principal photography commenced in January 2016 in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, the film was released worldwide on 9 February 2017 along with the Telugu dubbed version, Yamudu 3. Mean, while Durai Singam is being followed by Vidhya whom is a journalist from Andhra Pradesh tracking Durai Singam in disguise as student applied for IPS exams, Durai Singam initially says divorced his wife Kavya, but secretly contacts her. Later, after suspicion of Subba Rao it is told to be play to avoid Kavya from attacks from suspects of murder case. But, finally finding Reddy is behind the murder in series of investigation decides to wipe out goondas in Vispakhapatnam along with arresting Police officers involved in murder of commissioner, when the commissioner tried to expose this to media he was brutally killed by Reddy and his subordinates. This is proved by witness from commissioners driver Mallaya and school teacher who lost his granddaughter in toxic smoke caused by burning wates from Australia in nearby dumpyard, when Durai Singam attempts to arrest Reddy and Vittal Prasad with help the witness and evidence collected. Reddys men kills the teacher and warns Durai Singam that he will destroy his whole family from Australia if he further investigates the case. Durai Singam travels to Australia like a trip with his wife. After returning from Australia he tackles every rowdies and henchmen of Reddy, angry Vittal arives Visakhapatnam and warns Durai Singam. As expected arrival of Vittal to Visakhapattinam Durai Singam exposes the containers that contained the waste to the press, Vittal tries to kill Vidhya who tried to spy on him and Durai Singam by hiring a contract killer from Mumbai by making a bomb blast. Vittal tries to escape from Policemen, but Durai Singam stops him and fights him in Talakona Forest. Durai Singam successfully concludes and submits the case file to the home minister, finally Vidhya gets engaged with another person happily and Home Minister Ramanathan calls Durai Singam once again. Hari revealed that as a result of pressure from those around him, anirudh later opted out of the project citing scheduling issues and Harris Jayaraj was brought in to compose the films music. Vivek, who portrayed the police officer Erimalai in the first two films, declined to reprise his role in film as he felt he did not have a meaty role in it. New actors to the series including Radhika, Soori, Robo Shankar, Krish and Nithin Sathya were added to the cast, in preparation for his role, Suriya bulked up his physique by spending more hours in the gym and by adopting a strict oil-free diet. The start of the shoot, initially scheduled for December 2015, was delayed as a result of the 2015 South Indian floods. Production began in Visakhapatnam during January 2015 with scenes featuring Shruti Haasan as a journalist being shot, following a series of action sequences shot in the city, the team moved to film song sequences in Romania with Anushka joining the team
9.
Harris Jayaraj
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Harris Jayaraj is an Indian film composer from Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He composes scores and soundtracks predominantly for Tamil films, while also composed for a few films in Telugu, Harris Jayaraj was brought up in Chennai, He was born into a middle class Tamil Christian family. He studied at Krishnaswamy Matric School, K. K. Nagar and his father, S. M. Jayakumar, was a noted film guitarist and an assistant to Malayalam music director Shyam and later became a noted musician and film composer. At age six, Harris began his training in carnatic music. His father wanted him to become a guitarist and made him learn classical guitar from Mr. A. Abdul Sattar, Harris scored the highest mark in Asia on his 4th grade exam of Trinity College of Music, London. He started his career as a guitarist in 1987 at age twelve. He started playing keyboard and developed interest over synthesizers and he worked under noted composers including Raj-Koti, A. R. Rahman, Mani Sharma, Karthik Raja, Vidyasagar. While working as a programmer under Rahman, he composed music for various television commercials including a Coca-Cola commercial featuring actor Vijay. In his early years, he admired music composers M. S. Viswanathan, percussionist Aruljothi Balagopal, A. R. Rahman, Harris debuted as a film composer with Gautham Menons Minnale. The album was received, particularly the song Vaseegara was exceptionally popular. He received the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil for his work in Minnale, the following soundtrack albums 12B and Majunu met with high acclaim and praise. He also composed for the Hindi remake of Minnale titled Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein, most of the tunes from the Tamil version were retained in the Hindi version too, and only two fresh tunes were composed. He then worked in Lesa Lesa directed by Priyadarshan, the title track of Lesa Lesa was the first song in India to be released as a single prior to a film soundtrack album release. Harris made his debut in Telugu cinema with Vasu and he received the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil, Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and ITFA Best Music Director Award for Kaakha Kaakha, starring Suriya and Jyothika. This film directed by Gautham Menon was a commercial success. In its Telugu remake Gharshana two new songs apart from the Tamil version were added to suit the taste of Telugu audience. The song Uyirin Uyire reused as Cheliya Cheliya in Telugu and Khwabon Khwabon in Hindi had effective use of words which later became a signature element in Harris songs. Harris once again paired up with director Jeeva on Ullam Ketkumae after 12B, the music was appreciated for its excellency and synergy with the atmosphere in and out of the movie
