Direct metal mastering is an analog audio disc mastering technique jointly developed by two German companies, Telefunken-Decca and Georg Neumann GmbH, toward the end of the 20th century after having s
DMM copper disc sitting on the turntable of a Neumann AM32 lacquer cutting lathe, built in the 1930s
200× light micrograph of a CED copy of True Grit (1969), showing that in this special case the closing credits of the film are directly visible on the disc itself. Because adjacent tracks on a CED encode the same line in the video signal across different frames, and because the closing credits scroll vertically at a constant rate, the signal produces a coherent image on the disc medium.