Disinformation is false or misleading information deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adve
Former Romanian secret police senior official Ion Mihai Pacepa exposed disinformation history in his book Disinformation (2013).
How Disinformation Can Be Spread, explanation by U.S. Defense Department (2001)
Disinformation spreads through controversies.
Gari Melchers War Highsmith
Military deception is an attempt by a military unit to gain an advantage during warfare by misleading adversary decision makers into taking action or inaction that creates favorable conditions for the
Disinformation
…or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through coordinated campaigns that…
Dummy airbase and mock aircraft
British "sunshields" were used to create displays during World War II
Plaque memorializing Reginald Victor Jones at his former home in Aberdeen, Scotland
In the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, the ship Surprise escapes pursuers by creating a decoy raft for nighttime use which mimics the lanterns visible on the ship's stern.