Elsa Beskow
Elsa Beskow was a Swedish author and illustrator of children's books. Among her better known books are Tale of the Little Little Old Woman and Aunt Green, Aunt Brown and Aunt Lavender. Born in Stockholm her parents were businessman Bernt Maartman, whose family came from Bergen and Augusta Fahlstedt. Beskow studied Art Education at Konstfack, University College of Arts and Design called Tekniska skolan, or the Technical school, in Stockholm, she married former minister and social worker, doctor of theology Natanael Beskow in 1897. Elsa Beskow met her future husband at Djursholms samskola while serving as a teacher where he served as head master. From 1900 they lived in Villa Ekeliden in Djursholm, built for the author Viktor Rydberg, they had six sons, including geologist Gunnar Beskow. In 1894 Beskow started to contribute to the children's magazine Jultomten. Overall, she would publish some forty books with images. Beskow combined reality with elements from the fairy tale world. Children meet elves or goblins, farm animals talk with people.
Central themes were the relationships between children and adults and children's independent initiative. Beskow became one of the most well known of all Swedish children's book artists. Many of her books are continually reprinted. Beskow illustrated ABC books and songbooks for Swedish schools, her book pages are framed by decorative framework of the Art Nouveau style. Beskow has accomplished many goals during her years such as "international recognition for simple, cheerful stories and outstanding ILLUSTRATIONS, her work combined realism and FANTASY in both her stories and pictures, which depicted a happy home atmosphere in the Swedish countryside of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." The Elsa Beskow Award was created in 1958 to recognize the year's best Swedish picture book illustrator. Hammar, Stina Elsa Beskow Håkansson, Gunvor Elsa Beskow och Astrid Lindgren' Sjögren, Margareta Elsa Beskow och hennes värld Elsa Beskow Biography at Floris Books, her English language publisher.
English Site dedicated to Elsa Beskow. Swedish Elsa Beskow. German Works by or about Elsa Beskow at Internet Archive Works by Elsa Beskow at LibriVox
Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Magnus Gustaf Mittag-Leffler was a Swedish mathematician. His mathematical contributions are connected chiefly with the theory of functions, which today is called complex analysis. Mittag-Leffler was born in Stockholm, son of the school principal John Olof Leffler and Gustava Wilhelmina Mittag, his sister was the writer Anne Charlotte Leffler. He matriculated at Uppsala University in 1865, completed his Ph. D. in 1872 and became docent at the university the same year. He was curator of the Stockholms nation, he next traveled to Göttingen and Berlin, studying under Weierstrass in the latter place. He took up a position as professor of mathematics at the University of Helsinki from 1877 to 1881 and as the first professor of mathematics at the University College of Stockholm. Mittag-Leffler went into business and became a successful businessman in his own right, but an economic collapse in Europe wiped out his fortune in 1922, he was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, the Royal Swedish Society of Sciences in Uppsala, the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund and about 30 foreign learned societies, including the Royal Society of London and Académie des sciences in Paris.
He held honorary doctorates from the University of several other universities. Mittag-Leffler was a convinced advocate of women's rights and was instrumental in making Sofia Kovalevskaya a full professor of mathematics in Stockholm, as the first woman anywhere in the world to hold that position; as a member of the Nobel Prize Committee in 1903, he was responsible for inducing the committee to relent and award the prize for Physics to Marie Curie as well as her husband Pierre. Mittag-Leffler founded the mathematical journal Acta Mathematica, with the help of King Oscar's sponsorship, paid for with the fortune of his wife Signe Lindfors, who came from a wealthy Finnish family, he collected a large mathematical library in his villa in the Stockholm suburb of Djursholm. The house and its contents was donated to the Academy of Sciences as the Mittag-Leffler Institute. Mittag-Leffler function Mittag-Leffler star Mittag-Leffler summation Mittag-Leffler theorem Mittag-Leffler Institute Mittag-Lefflerbreen Works by Gösta Mittag-Leffler at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Gösta Mittag-Leffler at Internet Archive O'Connor, John J..
Gösta Mittag-Leffler at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Djursholms samskola
Djursholms Samskola is the traditional name of a middle school in Djursholm, Sweden. The official name of the school today is Viktor Rydbergs Samskola. Djursholms Samskola was founded in 1891 as a private, co-educational institution, with premises in Djursholm Castle, in response to an expanding residential population; the writer Viktor Rydberg served as its first inspector. The school roll expanded until a new building was required. Architect Georg Alfred Nilsson, who had designed both the Matteus elementary school and Adolf Fredrik's Music School, was commissioned and designed a new building with an observatory and greenhouse; the schools early teachers included Alice Tegnér and Erik Axel Karlfeldt, after whom classrooms in the present school are named. Theologian Natanael Beskow served during the 1890s as the headmaster and his wife Elsa Beskow was a class teacher. In 2004 the school was taken over by the Viktor Rydberg Foundation, which runs three other gymnasiums, one of them adjacent to Djursholms Samskola.
The Viktor Rydberg Foundation renamed the school Viktor Rydbergs Samskola. Today the school accommodates 500 pupils in the 7th through 9th grades; the principal of the co-educational school is Kerstin Hallén. Rörby and Dahlin, Ingrid: Georg A. Nilsson: arkitekt, Widlund, G. Skiöld En bok om Danderyd Viktor Rydberg Schools Foundation
Djursholm Castle
Djursholm Castle is a castle in Sweden. Djursholm is located within Stockholm urban area; the castle includes building components from the late Middle Ages. It was the main building on the estate Djursholm, owned by the House of Banér from 1508-1813. Nils Eskilsson, lord of Djursholm 1508 to 1520, built a new palace at the place where Djursholm Castle remains. Djursholm Castle was the residence of both Privy Councillour Gustaf Banér and his son, Field Marshal Johan Banér. Svante Gustavsson Banér gave the castle its present appearance in the 17th century. By the mid 17th century the castle was its present size; the main hall was fitted at this time, with plaster ceilings, stairs castle was of limestone and oak, walls hung with art wallpaper full of gilt leather and other materials. In 1891, Djursholms secondary school was started in the building; until 1910, Djursholms secondary school operated on the premises. The first inspector of Djursholms samskolas was author Viktor Rydberg. Among the earliest teachers were Alice Tegner.
Writer Elsa Beskow was an art teacher and her husband, theologian Natanael Beskow served as the headmaster of the school from 1897 to 1909. In the 1890s, the castle was restored in Baroque style. Facade design was simplified by a new restoration from 1959 to 1961. A new entrance with modern suitability to the castle was built on the north side in 2003. Today it serves as the community center in Danderyd Municipality. List of castles in Sweden Renqvist, K. E. Djursholm – vår hembygd
Hannes Alfvén
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics. He described the class of MHD waves now known as Alfvén waves, he was trained as an electrical power engineer and moved to research and teaching in the fields of plasma physics and electrical engineering. Alfvén made many contributions to plasma physics, including theories describing the behavior of aurorae, the Van Allen radiation belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth's magnetic field, the terrestrial magnetosphere, the dynamics of plasmas in the Milky Way galaxy. Alfvén received his PhD from the University of Uppsala in 1934, his thesis was titled "Investigations of High-frequency Electromagnetic Waves." In 1934, Alfvén taught physics at both the University of Uppsala and the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1940, he became professor of electromagnetic theory and electrical measurements at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
In 1945, he acquired the nonappointive position of Chair of Electronics. His title was changed to Chair of Plasma Physics in 1963. From 1954 to 1955, Alfvén was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of College Park. In 1967, after leaving Sweden and spending time in the Soviet Union, he moved to the United States. Alfvén worked in the departments of electrical engineering at both the University of California, San Diego and the University of Southern California. In 1991, Alfvén retired as professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, San Diego and professor of plasma physics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Alfvén spent his adult life alternating between California and Sweden, he died at the age of 86. In 1937, Alfvén argued that if plasma pervaded the universe, it could carry electric currents capable of generating a galactic magnetic field. After winning the Nobel Prize for his works in magnetohydrodynamics, he emphasized that: In order to understand the phenomena in a certain plasma region, it is necessary to map not only the magnetic but the electric field and the electric currents.
Space is filled with a network of currents which transfer energy and momentum over large or large distances. The currents pinch to filamentary or surface currents; the latter are to give space, as interstellar and intergalactic space, a cellular structure. His theoretical work on field-aligned electric currents in the aurora was confirmed in 1967, these currents now being known as Birkeland currents. Alfvén's work was disputed for many years by the senior scientist in space physics, the British mathematician and geophysicist Sydney Chapman. Alfvén's disagreements with Chapman stemmed in large part from trouble with the peer review system. Alfvén benefited from the acceptance afforded senior scientists in scientific journals, he once submitted a paper on the theory of magnetic storms and auroras to the American journal Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity only to have his paper rejected on the ground that it did not agree with the theoretical calculations of conventional physics of the time.
He was regarded as a person with unorthodox opinions in the field by many physicists, R. H. Stuewer noting that "... he remained an embittered outsider, winning little respect from other scientists after he received the Nobel Prize..." and was forced to publish his papers in obscure journals. Alfvén recalled: When I describe according to this formalism most referees do not understand what I say and turn down my papers. With the referee system which rules US science today, this means that my papers are accepted by the leading US journals. Alfvén played a central role in the development of: Plasma physics Charged particle beams Interplanetary medium Magnetospheric physics Magnetohydrodynamics Solar phenomena investigation Aurorae scienceIn 1939, Alfvén proposed the theory of magnetic storms and auroras and the theory of plasma dynamics in the earth's magnetosphere; this was the paper rejected by the U. S. journal Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity. Applications of Alfvén's research in space science include: Van Allen radiation belt theory Reduction of the Earth's magnetic field during magnetic storms Magnetosphere Formation of comet tails Formation of the solar system Dynamics of plasmas in the galaxy Physical cosmologyAlfvén's views followed those of the founder of magnetospheric physics, Kristian Birkeland.
At the end of the nineteenth century, Birkeland proposed that electric currents flowing down along the Earth's magnetic fields into the atmosphere caused the aurora and polar magnetic disturbances. Areas of technology benefiting from Alfvén's contributions include: Particle accelerators Controlled thermonuclear fusion Hypersonic flight Rocket propulsion Reentry braking of space vehiclesContributions to astrophysics: Galactic magnetic field Identified nonthermal synchrotron radiation from astronomical sources Alfvén waves are named in his honor. Many of his theories about the solar system were verified as late as the 1980s through external measurements of cometary and planetary magnetospheres, but Alfvén himself noted that astrophysical textbooks poorly represented known plasma phenomena: A study of how a number of the most used textbooks in astrophysics treat important concepts such as double layers, critical velocity, pinch effects, circuits is made. It is found that students using these tex
Sweden
Sweden the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund, a strait at the Swedish-Danish border. At 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area. Sweden has a total population of 10.2 million. It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre; the highest concentration is in the southern half of the country. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats and Swedes and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is forested. Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia; the climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence, that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers.
Today, the sovereign state of Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state, like its neighbour Norway. The capital city is Stockholm, the most populous city in the country. Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister. Sweden is a unitary state divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the Hanseatic League threatened Scandinavia's culture and languages; this led to the forming of the Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years War on the Reformist side, an expansion of its territories began and the Swedish Empire was formed; this became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809.
The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since Sweden has been at peace, maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs; the union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905. Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 moved towards cooperation with NATO. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995, but declined NATO membership, as well as Eurozone membership following a referendum, it is a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens, it has the world's eleventh-highest per capita income and ranks in numerous metrics of national performance, including quality of life, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, equality and human development.
The name Sweden was loaned from Dutch in the 17th century to refer to Sweden as an emerging great power. Before Sweden's imperial expansion, Early Modern English used Swedeland. Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod, which meant "people of the Swedes"; this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige means "realm of the Swedes", excluding the Geats in Götaland. Variations of the name Sweden are used in most languages, with the exception of Danish and Norwegian using Sverige, Faroese Svøríki, Icelandic Svíþjóð, the more notable exception of some Finnic languages where Ruotsi and Rootsi are used, names considered as referring to the people from the coastal areas of Roslagen, who were known as the Rus', through them etymologically related to the English name for Russia; the etymology of Swedes, thus Sweden, is not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning "one's own", referring to one's own Germanic tribe. Sweden's prehistory begins in the Allerød oscillation, a warm period around 12,000 BC, with Late Palaeolithic reindeer-hunting camps of the Bromme culture at the edge of the ice in what is now the country's southernmost province, Scania.
This period was characterised by small bands of hunter-gatherer-fishers using flint technology. Sweden is first described in a written source in Germania by Tacitus in 98 AD. In Germania 44 and 45 he mentions the Swedes as a powerful tribe with ships that had a prow at each end. Which kings ruled these Suiones is unknown, but Norse mythology presents a long line of legendary and semi-legendary kings going back to the last centuries BC; as for literacy in Sweden itself, the runic script was in use among the south Scandinavian elite by at least the 2nd century AD, but all that has come down to the present from the Roman Period is curt inscriptions on artefacts of male names, demonstrating th
Alice Tegnér
Alice Charlotta Tegnér was a Swedish music teacher and composer. She is the foremost composer of Swedish children's songs during the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Born Alice Sandström in Karlshamn, she was the daughter of Eduard Sandström, a ship captain, she was musical and began taking piano lessons early. She trained as a teacher. After graduation, she served as governess. Alice Tegnér was a teacher at Djursholms samskola and cantor in Djursholms chapel where Natanael Beskow was a preacher. In 1885 she married Jakob Tegnér. Jakob Tegnér was a lawyer, secretary of the Swedish Publishers' Association and editor of Svenska Bokhandelstidningen. Alice Tegnér wrote many well-known children's songs in Swedish, most notably Mors lilla Olle, it was published during 1895 in volume 3 of Sjung med oss, mamma!. In addition to children's songs, Alice Tegnér wrote many other types of music in classical genres such as chamber and sacred music together with choral music, cantatas and violin sonatas.
Her songs and compositions were inspired by both art music. Her well-known hymnbook Nu ska vi sjunga, with illustrations by Elsa Beskow, was published in 1943. 1914 Litteris et Artibus 1926 member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Music 1929 First prize in the magazine Idun tonsättartävling Asarumsdalen Baka kaka Borgmästar Munthe Bä, bä, vita lamm Dansa min docka Ekorrn satt i granen" Hemåt i regnväder I skogen Julbocken Kring julgranen Lasse liten Marschlek Skogsblommorna till barnen Sockerbagare Betlehems stjärna Var är den Vän, som överallt jag söker Betlehems stjärna Hell, vårt land! "Alice Tegnér". Find a Grave. Retrieved September 14, 2010. LIBRIS Search Services "Sing with us mother" - 161 children songs as NWC-, MIDI- and PDF-files
Sweden
