1.
John Cassaday
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John Cassaday is an American comic book artist, writer, and television director, best known for his work on Planetary, Astonishing X-Men, Captain America and Star Wars. He has received multiple Eagle and Eisner Awards and nominations for his work, both Marvel Comics and DC Comics include many of Cassadays iconic images in their marketing, and in their art and poster book collections. Marvel Comics-based animated films have made use of his art. A self-taught illustrator, Cassaday attended film school and directed TV news for five years and he spent one summer working a construction job while working on his portfolio. In 1995, Cassadays first published work appeared in Caliber Comics Negative Burn, other early work includes Flowers on the Razorwire #5-6, and No Profit for the Wise. He showed his portfolio to popular comic book writer and editor Mark Waid at San Diego Comic-Con International 1996, soon after, Cassaday began receiving job offers from bigger publishers. He quit his job and left Texas for New York. In December 1996 he produced art for Dark Horse Comics Ghost, within a year, he was hired to be the regular artist on Desperadoes. In late 1997 was hired by DC and Marvel as artist on the Teen Titans and Flash annuals, X-Men/Alpha Flight and his work on X-Men made him one of its most popular artists. Cassady quickly became an in-demand artist working on many top titles including Gen 13, Superman/Batman, The Hulk and he is best known for his work on the critically acclaimed Planetary with writer Warren Ellis, Astonishing X-Men with Joss Whedon and Captain America with John Ney Rieber. He based his art on World War II propaganda posters. The art was popular with fans and critics alike and Marvel released the works in a series of art books. He handled covers and art direction on Dynamite Entertainments The Lone Ranger comic-book series, books featuring his art include Wizards PosterMania. Women of Marvel Poster Book, Wolverine Poster Book, New Avengers Poster Book, from 2004 to 2008, Cassaday illustrated the graphic novel trilogy Je suis légion by Fabien Nury from Les Humanoïdes Associés. The English language edition was published as an eight comic series I Am Legion by Devils Due Publishing. In July 2006, Humanoïdes announced a deal with Pierre Spengler for a screen adaptation of the work. At the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, it was announced that the three series would be directed by Nacho Cerda with a screenplay by Richard Stanley. Cassaday has written stories for Hellboy, Weird Tales, Little Nemo, Dream Another Dream, Rocketeer Adventures, X-Men, Alpha Flight, Bela Lugosi, Takes from the Grave and he also wrote drawing instruction articles for Wizard Magazines Wizard, How to Draw
2.
DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
3.
All-American Comics
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All-American Comics was the flagship title of comic book publisher All-American Publications, one of the forerunners of DC Comics. It ran for 102 issues from 1939 to 1948, characters created for the title, including Green Lantern, the Atom, the Red Tornado, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Sargon the Sorcerer, later became mainstays of the DC comics line. All-American Comics published 102 issues from April 1939 to October 1948, the series was an anthology which included a mixture of new material and reprints of newspaper strips. Editor Sheldon Mayers Scribbly was introduced in the first issue as was Hop Harrigan, the Golden Age Green Lantern was introduced by writer Bill Finger and artist Martin Nodell in issue #16. The Golden Age Atom debuted in #19 and Mayer created the original Red Tornado in #20, Doctor Mid-Nite first appeared in #25. Alfred Bester and Paul Reinman created the super villain Solomon Grundy in #61. Other features included Toonerville Folks, Mutt and Jeff, and Ripleys Believe It or Not, All-American Publications and all its titles were purchased by National Periodicals in 1946. Responding to the demand for Western comics, All-American Comics changed title, the retitled series had Johnny Thunder as the lead feature. It changed title and format again to All-American Men of War as of #127, a 1999 one-shot issue was a part of the storyline Justice Society Returns. All-American Comics at the Comic Book DB All-American Comics at Mikes Amazing World of Comics
4.
Infinity, Inc.
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Infinity, Inc. is a team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Roy Thomas, Jerry Ordway, and Mike Machlan, there was also an eponymous comics series starring the group, which ran from March 1984 through June 1988. Roy Thomas and his wife, Dann Thomas, wrote the series throughout its run, artists on the series included Jerry Ordway, Don Newton, Todd McFarlane, Vince Argondezzi, and Michael Bair. The group was organized by Sylvester Pemberton, the original Star-Spangled Kid, #1, when a number of JSA protégés were denied admission to the JSA. They instead formed their own group, members of Infinity, Inc. were known as Infinitors. The series ended in 1988 with the death of the Star-Spangled Kid, several members have gone on to supporting roles in other comics series. Fury filled a role in The Sandman and is the mother of Daniel Hall. Hourman, Obsidian, Nuklon, Silver Scarab, and Power Girl eventually joined the 21st century incarnation of the JSA. Originally, the took place on the parallel world of Earth-Two. From then on, they shared their spot as Los Angeles superteam with the Outsiders, Hector Hall, Lyta Trevor, Norda Cantrell, and Albert Rothstein decide to adopt identities of their own and apply for membership in the Justice Society of America. The four of them adopt the codenames of Silver Scarab, Fury, Northwind and they are turned down, but not willing to give up. They apply again with Jennie-Lynn Hayden and Todd Rice, these two suspect they are Alan Scotts children. Taking pity on the youngsters, Star-Spangled Kid decides to leave the JSA to create a new group, and they are joined by Power Girl, the Huntress, and Brainwave, Jr. The team first faces the Justice Society of America, turned evil by the Stream of Ruthlessness and they defeat the JSA and the Ultra-Humanite and save the world. In a press conference, the team publicly divulge their identities, revealing those of their parents in the process. The Star-Spangled Kid is able to form a partnership with the city of Los Angeles to commission his team as for-hire protectors, Fury is kidnapped in an extortion attempt by the villains known as Helix, all products of invitro genetic manipulation by the mad scientist Doctor Love. The original members are Arak the Wind-walker, Baby Boom, Kritter, Mister Bones, Penny Dreadful and they are defeated by the Infinitors, but manage to escape. Later, the second Wildcat, Yolanda Montez, learns that she is a cousin of new Helix member Carcharo, the two teams battle to a stalemate, Mister Bones is arrested, but the others escape
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Roy Thomas
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Roy William Thomas, Jr. is an American comic book writer and editor, who was Stan Lees first successor as editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics. Thomas was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2011, Thomas was born in Jackson, Missouri, United States. As a child, he was a comic book fan. The first of these was All-Giant Comics, which he recalls as having featured such characters as Elephant Giant and he graduated from Southeast Missouri State University in 1961 with a BS in Education, having majored in history and social science. Thomas, then a high school English teacher, took over as editor in 1964 when Bails moved on to other pursuits. Letters from him appeared regularly in the pages of both DC and Marvel Comics, including The Flash #116, Fantastic Four #5, Fantastic Four #15. In 1965, Thomas moved to New York City to take a job at DC Comics as assistant to Mort Weisinger, Thomas had already written a Jimmy Olsen script a few months before, while still living and teaching in the St. Louis area, he said in 2005. I worked at DC for eight days in late June and very early July of 1965 before accepting a job at Marvel Comics, the Marvel Bullpen Bulletins in Fantastic Four #61 describes Thomas admitting that he gave up a scholarship to George Washington University just to write for Marvel. Familiar with editor and chief writer Stan Lees Marvel work, and feeling them the most vital comics around, Thomas just sat down one night at the hotel and – I wrote him a letter. Not applying for a job or anything so mundane as that – I just said that I admired his work, I figured he just might remember me from Alter Ego. Lee did, and phoned Thomas to offer him a Marvel writing test, the writers test, Thomas said in 1998, was four Jack Kirby pages from Fantastic Four Annual #2. Had Sol or someone take out the dialogue, other people like Denny ONeil and Gary Friedrich took it. But soon afterwards we stopped using it, the day after taking the test, Thomas was at DC, proofreading a Supergirl story, when Steinberg called asking Thomas to meet with Lee during lunch, where Thomas agreed to work for Marvel. His employment was announced in the Bullpen Bulletins section of Fantastic Four #47 under the heading How About That, Thomas later described his early days at Marvel, I was hired after taking writers test, and my first official job title at Marvel was staff writer. I wasnt hired as an editor or assistant editor, I was supposed to come in 40 hours a week and write scripts on staff. I sat at this corrugated metal desk with a typewriter in an office with production manager Sol Brodsky. Everybody who came up to Marvel wound up there, and the phone was constantly ringing, with conversations going on all around me. Almost at once, even though Stan proofed all the stories, he and Sol started having me check the corrections before they went out
6.
Todd McFarlane
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Todd McFarlane is a Canadian artist, writer, designer and entrepreneur, best known for his work in comic books, such as the fantasy series Spawn. In 1992, he helped form Image Comics, pulling the occult anti-hero character Spawn from his high school portfolio, Spawn was a popular hero in the 1990s and encouraged a trend in creator-owned comic book properties. Since leaving inking duties on Spawn with issue No,70, McFarlane has illustrated comic books less often, focusing on entrepreneurial efforts, such as McFarlane Toys and Todd McFarlane Entertainment, a film and animation studio. In September 2006, it was announced that McFarlane would be the Art Director of the newly formed 38 Studios, formerly Green Monster Games, McFarlane used to be a co-owner of the National Hockey Leagues Edmonton Oilers but sold his shares to Daryl Katz. He is also a collector of history-making baseballs. McFarlane was born on March 16,1961 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He began drawing as a hobby at an age, and was a fan of comics creators such as John Byrne, Jack Kirby, Frank Miller and George Pérez. McFarlane created the character Spawn when he was 16, and spent countless hours perfecting the appearance of each component of the visual design. He graduated from Sir Winston Churchill High School, in the early 1980s, McFarlane attended Eastern Washington University on a baseball scholarship, and studied graphic art. He sought to play professionally after graduation, but suffered a career-ending ankle injury in his junior year. He subsequently focused on drawing, working in a book store to pay for the rest of his education. Seeking to find work drawing comics, McFarlane sent out dozens of each month to editors, totaling over 700 submissions in total. Half resulted in no response, while the half resulted in rejection letters. One of them, DC Comics Sal Amendola, gave McFarlane a dummy script in order to gauge McFarlanes page-to-page storytelling ability. They in turn passed it onto Coyote creator Steve Englehart, who reached out to McFarlane to offer McFarlane his first comic job, McFarlane soon began drawing for both DC and Marvel, with his first major body of work being a two-year run on DCs Infinity, Inc. In 1987, McFarlane illustrated the three issues of Detective Comics four-issue Batman, Year Two storyline. From there, he moved to Marvels Incredible Hulk, which he drew from 1987 to 1988, in 1988, McFarlane joined writer David Michelinie on Marvels The Amazing Spider-Man, beginning with issue 298. McFarlane rendered Spider-Mans webbing with far more detail, whereas it has essentially been rendered as a series of Xs between two lines, McFarlane embellished it by detailing far more individual strands, which came to be dubbed spaghetti webbing
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Matt Wagner
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Matt Wagner is an American comic book writer and artist, known as the creator of the series Mage and Grendel. Wagners first published comic work was Comico Primer #2, which was the first appearance of Grendel. In addition to his creator-owned series Mage and Grendel, he has worked on comics featuring the Demon, in 1991, he illustrated part of the Season of Mists story arc in Neil Gaimans The Sandman series. He wrote and drew Batman/Superman/Wonder Woman, Trinity a limited series featuring DCs three major heroes in 2003 and he followed it with Batman and the Monster Men and Batman and the Mad Monk in 2006. His other projects include Madame Xanadu for Vertigo, with artist Amy Reeder Hadley and he has produced numerous comics covers, including painted ones for Green Arrow and has written several Green Hornet limited series for Dynamite Entertainment. Outside comics, Wagner provided art for the 1984 Villains & Vigilantes adventure Battle Above the Earth written by Steven Crow, Wagner currently resides in Portland, Oregon with his wife Barbara Schutz. Grendel #1–3 Grendel vol.2 #1–4 The Demon vol
8.
John K. Snyder
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John Kenneth Snyder, Sr. sometimes known as Tillie Snyder, was a colorful, outspoken Democratic mayor of Alexandria, Louisiana, from 1973 to 1977 and again from 1982 to 1986. Snyder was an admirer of the late Governor Earl Kemp Long, a tall, physically large man, the good Snyder smoked cigars, was soft-spoken, and remained relaxed and accommodating. However, the bad Snyder had a temper that could snap quickly, even popular Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards, who was in office in Baton Rouge for seven of the eight years that Snyder was mayor in Alexandria, was said to have feared Snyders unpredictability. Snyder was born in Pineville, across the Red River from Alexandria, to Joseph Z. Joe Snyder, originally from La Salle Parish, and the former Eva Spotten, a Pineville native. He grew up on Lakeview Street about a block from Fred Baden, as a child, Snyder was given the nickname Tillie because he liked to play the game Tiddly-Winks. He graduated in 1940 from Bolton High School, prior to the establishment in 1952 of Pineville High School and he was a naval aviation cadet during World War II. He attended Georgia Tech in Atlanta but did not graduate and he was a speech writer for political candidates in Louisiana and neighboring states. Snyder first won the election in the spring of 1973. Snyder and Karst had been rivals in the April 5,1969. In that campaign, Karst led with 4,093 votes to Snyders 3,128, the third place candidate, John B. Honeycutt, who like Snyder had run unsuccessfully for Rapides Parish sheriff, the 16-year incumbent, W. George Bowdon, Jr. who had first won the position in 1953 to succeed Carl B. Close, trailed in fourth place with 1,784 votes, three other candidates polled a total of 359 votes. In the mayoral runoff held on May 17,1969, Karst prevailed,6,016 to Snyders 5,188, after Karst defeated Snyder, Governor John McKeithen cancelled the general election because only Democrats had filed for any of the Alexandria municipal offices. In 1969, Snyder filed suit regarding a criminal defamation charge brought against him by Rapides Parish District Attorney Ed Ware, both the original charge and the civil suit were dismissed. After his mayoral defeat, Snyder unsuccessfully challenged the renomination of U. S, representative Speedy O. Long of Louisianas 8th congressional district, since disbanded, in the 1970 Democratic primary. He polled 24,112 votes to Longs 59,032, then, in 1971, Snyder failed in a bid to oust Rapides Parish Sheriff Marshall T. Cappel in the party primary. In 1972, Karst switched affiliation to the Republican Party and retained the head of the Louisiana States Rights Party, Kent Courtney. Karsts mayoral tenure, however, was not particularly known for conservative initiatives, Karst, an attorney who was born in New Orleans, later left the GOP, returned to the Democrats, and thereafter was No Party under Louisianas registration procedure
9.
Justice Society of America
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The Justice Society of America is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The Justice Society of America was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox, the JSA first appeared in All Star Comics #3, making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. The team was popular, but in the late 1940s, the popularity of superhero comics waned. JSA members remained absent from comics until ten years later, when the original Flash appeared alongside a new character by name in The Flash #123. During the Silver Age of Comic Books, DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members, the Justice Society was established as existing on Earth-Two and the Justice League on Earth-One. This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985, New series, such as All-Star Squadron, Infinity, Inc. and a new All-Star Comics featured the JSA, their children and their heirs. These series explored the issues of aging, generational differences, the 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series, merged all of the companys various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as World War II-era predecessors to the companys modern characters. A JSA series was published from 1999 to 2006, a new Justice Society of America series ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics The New 52, a version of the team appears in the Earth 2 Vol 1, Earth 2 Worlds End. The Justice Society of America first appeared in All Star Comics #3 written by Gardner Fox, the team initially included, Doctor Fate, Hour-Man, the Spectre, the Sandman, the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman. Because some of characters were published by All-American Publications rather than DC Comics, All-Star Comics #3 is the first inter-company superhero title. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that, This was obviously a great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, the JSAs adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher. G. Peter, Jack Burnley, Lee Elias, Irwin Hasen, Bob Oksner, Paul Reinman, Everett E. Hibbard, the first JSA story featured the teams first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, for this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being honorary members prior to All Star Comics #3. How these two heroes helped found the JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until DC Special #29 in 1977, Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of All Star Comics and the Atom missed two issues. All Star Comics #8 featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman, a fan club for the team called the Junior Justice Society of America was introduced in All Star Comics #14. The membership kit included a letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book. Heroes being removed from the title, as a result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team
10.
All-Star Squadron
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The All-Star Squadron is a DC Comics superhero team that debuted in Justice League of America #193 and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The All-Star Squadron debuted in an insert in Justice League of America #193. The new team was launched in its own series the following month and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler, the eponymous comic book series was published for 67 issues from September 1981 to March 1987 and three annuals were published as well. When Rich Buckler left the series after the issue, editor Len Wein hired Adrian Gonzales as a replacement. He drew the series for 13 issues which included a crossover with the Justice League of America Jerry Ordway and he and Thomas co-created the Infinity, Inc. team in issue #25. All-Star Squadron #32 and #33 detailed how the Freedom Fighters traveled from Earth-Two to Earth-X, several issues of the series detailed origins of various characters including Amazing-Man, Starman, Doctor Fate, Liberty Belle, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Johnny Quick, and the Tarantula. All-Star Squadron #1 contains An Open Letter to the Readers written by Roy Thomas, in it he describes the impetus for the series, namely, DC wanted a comic book telling tales of the Justice Society of America. The last series to do so was All Star Comics, which lasted only seventeen issues, as Roy Thomas put it, DC management gave him a chance to write a return of the JSA. Instead of writing stories in the era, Roy Thomas decided to place the tales during World War II. The cast of characters would include a large ensemble of heroes from both the DC stable and the Quality Comics Group and we even tossed in an Earth-Two version of the venerable Plastic Man, whose series in Adventure was just folding. The All-Star Squadron was an example of retroactive continuity or retcon, the first known use of the term retcon was by Roy Thomas in the letter column of All-Star Squadron #20. The Trylon and Perisphere, actual structures constructed in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York for the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, the Perisphere contained the Squadron meeting hall, while the Trylon was retrofitted as an aircraft hangar/vertical launch platform. The All-Star Squadron had a butler named Gernsback, who was based on the Elektro robots from the fair and was named after science fiction publisher Hugo Gernsback. The All-Star Squadron was left only with the unique to that time period. Superman, Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman and Aquaman, Green Arrow, Plastic Man, and several other heroes were no longer extant at that point in history, and were thus never Squadron members. Evil analogs were also created for the characters at the same time, Übermensch, Der Grosshorn Eule, Fledermaus, Usil. Young All-Stars was published for 31 issues and one annual, unfortunately, the artwork for issue #49 was printed without Hawkmans cameo included, so it became the only issue to break the streak. The string of appearances had already broken several issues into a mid-1970s revival of All Star Comics
11.
Medical Corps (United States Army)
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The MC traces its earliest origins to the first physicians recruited by the Medical Department of the Army, created by the Continental Congress in 1775. The US Congress made official the designation Medical Corps in 1908, currently, the MC consists of over 4,400 active duty physicians representing all the specialties and subspecialties of civilian medicine. They may be assigned to fixed military medical facilities, to combat units or to military medical research. They are considered fully deployable soldiers, the Chief of the Medical Corps Branch is a colonel and the senior-most Medical Corps officer in the Army is the U. S. Army Surgeon General, a lieutenant general. The language of the Congressional resolution spoke of “an Hospital” which in those days meant a system or medical department. Among the accomplishments of Army surgeons during the years of the Revolution was completion of the first pharmacopoeia printed in America, in 1789, the Department of the Hospital was disbanded and a system of Regimental Surgeons was established in its place. During the period that followed Congress provided for an organization for the Army only in time of war or emergency. For example, in 1812 Congress established the Medical Department of the Northern Army as a response to the need for support during operations in the War of 1812. In 1816, medical officers were given uniforms for the first time, a permanent and continuous Medical Department was not established until 1818. That year a “Surgeon General” was appointed and since then a succession of Surgeons General, Physicians assigned to the U. S. Army were finally accorded military rank in 1847, although the old Regimental Surgeon system of additional designations was also retained until 1908. It was over 30 years, however, before Surgeon General George M. Sternberg would found the Army Medical School, Congress made official the designation Medical Corps in 1908, although the term had long been in use informally among the Medical Departments regular physicians. Meanwhile, part of the role of the AMS was taken over by the new Medical Field Service School which opened at Carlisle Barracks and its purpose was to train both new medical officers and newly enlisted medics in the practice of field medicine. The first woman to receive a Regular Army commission in the MC was Major Margaret D. Craighill in 1943 and she was assigned as Chief Surgeon to the Women’s Army Corps. In 1946, Army residency programs for MC officers were introduced into the Medical Department, in 1954, a prominent thoracic surgeon and Harvard graduate, Frank Berry, was appointed as the second Assistant Secretary of Defense. The “Berry Plan” deferred doctors who were taking their residency, so that the Army would get the benefit of their advanced education, eventually, GME became both a recruiting and a retention tool for the AMEDD, and board-certified specialists were attracted in steady numbers. Those MC officers who did not elect Option 1, or who were not needed immediately, were “deferred. ”Some were allowed Option 3, to complete their residency training and then entered active duty as a fully trained specialist. Those who were deferred for one year of residency were termed “partially trained specialists” and were usually given military assignments that allowed them to work within their specialty. Many residency programs would give a credit toward completion of residency for their time in military service to physicians who served under Option 2
12.
Black Lantern Corps
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The Black Lantern Corps is a fictional organization of corporeal revenants appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, related to the emotional spectrum. The group is composed of deceased fictional characters from the publication in zombie form that seek to eliminate all life from the DC Universe, prior to the Blackest Night event, Black Hand had already been established as a villain within the pages of Green Lantern. Writer Geoff Johns revisited his origin and expanded certain aspects of it during the Green Lantern. During the arc, Hands energy-absorbing weapon is revealed to have constructed by Atrocitus, enemy of the Guardians of the Universe. Atrocitus comes to Earth and approaches Hand, recognizing him as a doorway to the black that possesses the power to bring about the Blackest Night, Hand manages to escape and pockets the weapon as he flees. The possession of this weapon soon leads him to become an enemy of the Green Lantern Corps, while being transported to prison, Black Hand experiences a sudden power surge that kills his captors. Xander roams the desert, hearing a voice instructing him to reclaim the souls of characters who were reanimated, Hand murders his family and commits suicide. The Guardian Scar arrives, and creates the first black power ring, Hand later digs up Bruce Waynes corpse, removes his skull, and recites the Black Lantern oath for the first time. Soon after, black rings descend upon the universe and begin reviving the deceased as Black Lanterns that attack the heroes of the DC Universe. It is claimed the Power Battery is in Space Sector 666, at the end of the issue, its shown that Black Hand uses the skull to produce new power rings at will, creating two rings for the newly deceased Carter Hall and Kendra Saunders. In Blackest Night #3, Indigo-1 describes the premise behind the Black Lantern Corps fictional relationship with the universe and she explains that the darkness in existence before the creation of the universe is what powers the Black Lanterns. Banished at the dawn of time by the light of creation. The events transpiring throughout the titles of Blackest Night are a result of the darkness, once again and she goes on to describe how a combination of all seven lights can restore the white light of creation and bring an end to the Black Lanterns.1 percent. After being introduced into a role within the Blackest Night event. The story unfolding in Green Lantern depicts Jordan and Indigo-1 recruiting Carol Ferris, Sinestro, Saint Walker, Atrocitus, in Blackest Night #5, the team assaults the Black Central Power Battery with the opposite results intended. Nekron is strengthened and able to recruit living characters reanimated from death to his Black Lantern Corps, the White Lanterns used the power of the White Light to finally vanquish Nekron and the threat of the Blackest Night passed with the Black Lanterns disintegrating along with their power rings. Though seemingly destroyed, an aspect of the Black Lanterns returned within Firestorm when his dark undead persona emerged - claiming the name Deathstorm, torturing the two hosts of the Firestorm Matrix, Deathstorm later traveled to the White Lantern Power Battery where he corrupted it. Whilst initially he intended to destroy it in order to all life in the universe
13.
Starman (comics)
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Starman is a name used by several different DC Comics superheroes, most prominently Ted Knight and his sons David and Jack. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Jack Burnley, the original Starman, Ted Knight, first appeared in Adventure Comics #61. An astronomer, Knight invented a gravity rod, later reinvented as a rod, allowing him to fly and manipulate energy. Like most Golden Age heroes, Starman fell into obscurity in the 1950s, in the ensuing years, several characters, with varying degrees of relation to the original, briefly took the mantle of Starman. In Zero Hour, Crisis in Time #1, writer James Robinson and artist Tony Harris introduced Jack Knight, a reluctant, non-costumed hero, he inherited his father’s name and mission and used his technology to create a cosmic staff. He starred in an acclaimed series, written by Robinson. The current successor of Starman is Stargirl, formerly the second Star-Spangled Kid, below, in chronological order of activity, are the characters to have used the name Starman. The Starman of 1951 is a superhero who operated in the DC Universe in 1951 and this proved to be only a temporary reprieve for the deceased hero however. In Detective Comics #286 a villainous Star-Man appeared to menace Batman, Mikaal Tomas is a DC Comics superhero, introduced in the 1970s. Tomas is an alien who traveled to Earth to help conquer it and he has blue skin and originally wore Mister Miracle-style flight-discs on his feet that allowed him to fly, and a medallion containing a sonic crystal around his neck. The gem eventually became embedded in his chest and allows him to fire bolts of energy and he first appeared in 1st Issue Special #12. Within the story, Mikaal was given the name Starman not as a means of carrying on Ted Knights legacy, the song tells of a benevolent alien who arrives on Earth in order to save the planet from destruction, a situation which greatly parallels Mikaals backstory. The character later suffered amnesia until he turned up in the 1990s Starman series, the 1990s series revealed that Mikaals homeworld was Talok III, sister planet to Talok VIII, the home of Shadow Lass. The inhabitants of the planet have darker blue skin. Tomas origins have been noted to bear similarities to that of Captain Mar-Vell of Marvel Comics. In James Robinsons 1990s series, Starman became notable for being portrayed in a gay relationship, starmans specific sexual identity was not addressed in print. His long-term relationship with Tony lasted, in DC continuity, twelve years, a 2010 Robinson story subsequently clarified that Mikaal identifies himself as gay. In 2009, writer James Robinson returned to the character, reintroducing him as a character in Justice League
14.
Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
15.
Golden Age of Comic Books
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The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era of American comic books from the late 1930s to circa 1950. During this time, modern books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Captain America, Wonder Woman. The first recorded use of the term Golden Age was by Richard A. Lupoff in an article, Re-Birth, an event cited by many as marking the beginning of the Golden Age was the 1938 debut of Superman in Action Comics #1, published by Detective Comics. Supermans popularity helped make comic books a major arm of publishing, timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics, had million-selling titles featuring the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. The comic was published biweekly at one point to capitalize on its popularity, patriotic heroes donning red, white, and blue were particularly popular during the time of the second World War following The Shields debut in 1940. Many heroes of this time period battled the Axis powers, with such as Captain America Comics #1 showing the title character punching Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. As comic books grew in popularity, publishers began launching titles that expanded into a variety of genres, dell Comics non-superhero characters outsold the superhero comics of the day. The publisher featured licensed movie and literary characters such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Roy Rogers and it was during this era that noted Donald Duck writer-artist Carl Barks rose to prominence. Additionally, MLJs introduction of Archie Andrews in Pep Comics #22 gave rise to teen humor comics, the educational comic book Dagwood Splits the Atom used characters from the comic strip Blondie. According to historian Michael A. Amundson, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers fear of nuclear war and it was during this period that long-running humor comics debuted, including ECs Mad and Carl Barks Uncle Scrooge in Dells Four Color Comics. In 1953, the book industry hit a setback when the United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was created in order to investigate the problem of juvenile delinquency. As a result, the Comics Code Authority was created by the Association of Comics Magazine Publishers to enact self-censorship by comic book publishers, at this time, EC canceled its crime and horror titles and focused primarily on Mad. During the late 1940s, the popularity of superhero comics waned, to retain reader interest, comic publishers diversified into genres such as war, Westerns, science fiction, romance, crime and horror. Many superhero titles were cancelled or converted to other genres, in 1946, DC Comics Superboy, Aquaman and Green Arrow were switched from More Fun Comics into Adventure Comics so More Fun could focus on humor. In 1948 All-American Comics, featuring Green Lantern, Johnny Thunder, the following year, Flash Comics and Green Lantern were cancelled. In 1951 All Star Comics, featuring the Justice Society of America, the next year Star Spangled Comics, featuring Robin, was retitled Star Spangled War Stories. Sensation Comics, featuring Wonder Woman, was cancelled in 1953, the only DC superhero comics to continue publishing through the 1950s were Action Comics, Adventure Comics, Detective Comics, Batman, Superboy, Superman, Wonder Woman and Worlds Finest Comics
16.
Protagonist
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A protagonist is the main character in any story, such as a literary work or drama. The protagonist is at the center of the story, typically makes the key decisions, the protagonist usually affects the main characters circumstances as well, as they are often the primary actor propelling the story forward. If a story contains a subplot, or is a made up of several stories. The word protagonist is used notably in stories and forms of literature and culture that contain stories, in those forms the protagonist may simply be the leading actor, or the principal character in the story. The antagonist will provide obstacles and complications and create conflict that test the protagonist, thus revealing the strengths, the earliest known examples of protagonist are dated back to Ancient Greece. At first dramatic performances involved merely dancing and recitation by the chorus, but then in Poetics, Aristotle describes how a poet named Thespis introduced the idea of having one actor step out and engage in a dialogue with the chorus. This was the invention of tragedy, which occurred about 536 B. C, then the poet Aeschylus, in his plays, introduced a second actor, inventing the idea of dialogue between two characters. Sophocles then wrote plays that required a third actor, euripides play Hippolytus may be considered to have two protagonists. The protagonist of the first half is Phaedra, who dies partway through the play and her stepson, the titular Hippolytus, assumes the dominant role in the second half of the play. In Ibsen’s play The Master Builder, the protagonist is the architect Halvard Solness, the young woman, Hilda Wangel, whose actions lead to the death of Solness, is the antagonist. In Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is the protagonist and he is actively in pursuit of his relationship with Juliet, and the audience is invested in that story. The character of Tybalt opposes Romeo’s desires, he is the antagonist, in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Prince Hamlet, who seeks revenge for the murder of his father, is the protagonist. The antagonist would be the character who most opposes Hamlet, Claudius, in the novel The Catcher in the Rye, the character Holden Caulfield is the protagonist. He is the character, and the reader is invested in his story. Sometimes, a work will have a false protagonist, who may seem to be the protagonist, the character Marion in Alfred Hitchcocks film Psycho is an example. A novel that contains a number of narratives may have a number of protagonists, alexander Solzhenitsyns The First Circle, for example, depicts a variety of characters imprisoned and living in a gulag camp. Leo Tolstoys War and Peace, depicts fifteen major characters involved in or affected by a war
17.
Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)
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Daredevil is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Daredevil was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett, the character first appeared in Daredevil #1. While he no longer can see, the radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human ability and his father, a boxer named Jack Murdock, supports him as he grows up, though Jack is later killed by gangsters after refusing to throw a fight. After donning a yellow and dark red costume, Matt seeks out revenge against his fathers killers as the superhero Daredevil, fighting against his enemies, including Bullseye. He also becomes a lawyer after having graduated from law school with his best friend and roommate, Daredevil is also commonly known by such epithets as the Man Without Fear and the Devil of Hells Kitchen. Frank Millers influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s cemented the character as a popular, the character debuted in Marvel Comics Daredevil #1, created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett, with character design input from Jack Kirby, who devised Daredevils billy club. Writer and comics historian Mark Evanier has suggested without confirmation that Kirby also designed the image of Daredevils initial costume. That original costume design was a combination of black, yellow, wally Wood introduced Daredevils modern red costume in issue #7 in which Daredevils battle against the far physically superior Sub-Mariner has become one of the most iconic stories of the series. Jack instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a man than himself. In the course of saving a man from the path of an oncoming truck. The radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human thresholds, enabling him to detect the shape, in order to support his son, Jack Murdock returns to boxing under the Fixer, a known gangster, and the only man willing to contract the aging boxer. When he refuses to throw a fight because his son is in the audience, having promised his father not to use physical force to deal with things, Matt gets around that promise by adopting a new identity who can use physical force. Daredevil would embark on a series of adventures involving such villains as the Owl, Stilt-Man, the Gladiator, in issue #16, he meets Spider-Man, a character who would later be one of his greatest hero friends. Murdock reveals his identity to his girlfriend Karen Page in issue #57. This was the first of several long-term breakups between Murdock and Page, who would prove the most enduring of his love interests and he also moved Daredevil to San Francisco beginning with Daredevil #86, and simultaneously brought on the Black Widow as co-star. The Black Widow served as Daredevils co-star and love interest from #81–124, of which #93-108 were cover titled Daredevil, jann Wenner, the co-founder and publisher of the Rolling Stone music magazine appeared in Daredevil #100 by Gerber and Colan. The writing and editing jobs went to Marv Wolfman with issue #124, Wolfman promptly introduced the lively but emotionally fragile Heather Glenn to replace the Black Widow as Daredevils love interest. Wolfmans 20-issue run included the introduction of one of Daredevils most popular villains, Bullseye, with issue #144, Jim Shooter became the writer and introduced Paladin in issue #150
18.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
19.
Sogndal
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Sogndal is a municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located on the shore of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The village of Sogndalsfjøra is the center of Sogndal municipality. Other villages include Kaupanger, Kjørnes, Fimreite, Nornes, Sogndal Airport, Haukåsen is located 10 kilometres southwest of Kaupanger. The Norwegian dialect spoken in Sogndal is called sognamål, in 1917, a farmer in Sogndal plowed up the Eggja stone, a gravestone with runic inscriptions important for the history of the Old Norse language. Sogndal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, the original municipality was identical to the Sogndal parish with the sub-parishes of Stedje, Norane, and Kaupanger. On 1 January 1964, the Tingstad area was transferred from Leikanger municipality to Sogndal municipality, on 1 January 2000, the sub-parish of Fjærland was transferred from Balestrand municipality to Sogndal. The Old Norse form of the name was Sóknardalr, the first element is the genitive case of the river name Sókn, the last element is dalr which means valley or dale. The name of the river is derived from the verb sœkja which means to seek, the coat of arms for Sogndal are modern, they were granted on 14 December 1984. The arms show the front of a Viking ship in gold on a blue background, the ship symbolizes the nearby naval Battle of Fimreite between King Sverre of Norway and the local King Magnus Erlingsson in the year 1184. The latter was killed together with many nobles of the time, the Church of Norway has four parishes within the municipality of Sogndal. It is part of the Indre Sogn deanery in the Diocese of Bjørgvin, the main church of the parish is in Stedje. This is probably one of the oldest church sites in Sogn, the present church was built in 1867, at the same time the old stave church was torn down. A runestone stands near the church, and traces of a Viking settlement have been found nearby, Sogndal has historically had three sub-parishes, Kaupanger, Norane, and Fjærland. All three of these are also old church sites, the first churches in Kaupanger and Norane were probably built as early as the 11th century and in Fjærland the original church was built around 1600. The present church in Fjærland was built in 1861 and in Norane in 1863, in Kaupanger, the old Stave church from the 12th century is still standing. Excavations show that this was probably the church on this site. The church was rebuilt in 1862 and lost most of its original character, but today, as a result of a restoration project you will find the church much as it was prior to 1862
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Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
21.
Suspended animation
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Suspended animation is the slowing or stopping of life processes by exogenous or endogenous means without termination. Breathing, heartbeat, and other functions may still occur. Tiny organisms can be preserved and revived. Some have been kept in suspended animation for as long as 13 years, since the 1970s, induced hypothermia has been performed for some open-heart surgeries as an alternative to heart-lung machines. Hypothermia, however, provides only an amount of time in which to operate and there is a risk of tissue. Lowering the temperature of a substance reduces chemical activity by the Arrhenius equation and this includes life processes such as metabolism. After three hours of being dead, the dogs blood was returned to their circulatory systems. The heart started pumping the blood around the body, and the dogs were brought back to life, on 20 January 2006, doctors from the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston announced they had placed pigs in suspended animation with a similar technique. The pigs were anaesthetized and major loss was induced, along with simulated - via scalpel - severe injuries. After the pigs lost about half their blood the remaining blood was replaced with a saline solution. As the body temperature reached 10 °C the damaged vessels were repaired. The method was tested 200 times with a 90% success rate, from May 2014, a team of surgeons from UPMC Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh plan to try the above method in gunshot victims. The trials will be done on ten such severely wounded patients and compared with ten others in similar situation and they currently refer to the procedure as Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest from trauma. This concept is speculative as well as frequently misunderstood, human beings are unable to survive suspended animation at cryogenic temperatures naturally. The limits of current technology are also insufficient to prevent loss of cellular viability, cryonics operates under a fundamentally distinct paradigm from suspended animation in that it depends on future technology as part of its premise for working. Suspended animation is distinct from cryonics because it not require this benefit of the doubt concerning future technology. It is something that immediately and demonstrably works, the medical use of suspended animation will still require optimism that diseases can be cured. In order to achieve suspended animation, a method to prevent damage to cells would be needed
22.
Vandal Savage
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Vandal Savage is a fictional supervillain published by DC Comics. In 2009, Vandal Savage was ranked as IGNs 36th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time, Vandal Savage, under the name Curtis Knox made his live-action debut in Smallville, portrayed by Dean Cain. The character was introduced into The CWs Arrowverse, where he was portrayed by Casper Crump. He was the primary antagonist in the episodes of season two of The Flash and season four of Arrow, and during the first season of DCs Legends of Tomorrow. Vandal Savage first appeared in Green Lantern vol.1 #10, Savage is immortal, and he has plagued the earth with crime and violence since before the beginning of recorded human history. He is a brilliant tactician with immense technological prowess and he is one of DCs most persistent villains and has fought hundreds of heroes throughout history. In the days of prehistory,50,000 BC, Savage was a caveman named Vandar Adg and he was bathed in the radiation of a mysterious meteorite, which gave him incredible intellect and immortality. According to Lex Luthor, there may be evidence to suggest that Savage was the first cannibal on record, though the Calculator took this to be a joke, Luthor was apparently serious, and Savage has not shown much regard for human life. Savages first mark in the history came when he and a group of people successfully undermined and destroyed the lost city of Atlantis. That group of people known as the Illuminati, with Savage serving as its leader. He claims to have ruled hundreds of civilizations under hundreds of names, Khafre, Cheops, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, Blackbeard and he also terrorized Victorian era London as Jack the Ripper. He realized that his prominence could cause him to be killed accidentally and he has also worked as close friends and advisers to the likes of Erik the Red, William the Conqueror, Napoleon Bonaparte as Marshal Savage, Otto von Bismarck, and Adolf Hitler. He also led the Spanish Armada in its invasion of England. He was the physician in France and even used the royal family for syphilis experiments. This incarnation of Vandal Savage was less of a threatening, scheming villain and more a likeable, roguish thug. Savage was still a force to be reckoned with, but nonetheless bound to a respect for his fellow immortals Etrigan and Madame Xanadu. He is eventually thought to be a traitor, Savage ends up betraying Mordru in turn in order to pillage the supplies of the Horde. He rejoins the rest of the Demon Knights saying that he planned all along
23.
Flash (Barry Allen)
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The Flash is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Barry Allen is the character to be known as the Flash. The character first appeared in Showcase #4, created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciler Carmine Infantino and his name combines talk show hosts Barry Gray and Steve Allen. Barry Allen is a reinvention of a character called The Flash that had appeared in 1940s comic books as the character Jay Garrick. The Flashs power consists mainly of superhuman speed, various other effects such as intangibility are also attributed to his ability to control the speed of molecular vibrations. The Flash wears a red and gold costume treated to resist friction and wind resistance. Barrys classic stories introduced the concept of the Multiverse to DC Comics, and his return to regular comics occurred subsequently in 2008 within the pages of Grant Morrisons Final Crisis crossover story and Geoff Johns accompanying The Flash, Rebirth limited series. He has since played a role in the crossover stories Blackest Night, Flashpoint, Convergence. Allen has appeared in various adaptations in other media, John Wesley Shipp played the character in the 1990 CBS television series and Grant Gustin currently plays him in the 2014 The CW television series. Barry Allen is a police scientist with a reputation for being slow, and frequently late. One night, as he is working late, a lightning bolt shatters a case full of chemicals and spills all over Allen, as a result, Allen finds that he can run extremely fast and has matching reflexes and senses. He dons a set of red tights sporting a lightning bolt, dubs himself the Flash, Central City University professor Ira West designed Allens costume and the ring which stores it while Allen is in his civilian identity. The ring can eject the compressed clothing when Allen needs it, in addition, Allen invented the cosmic treadmill, a device that allowed for precise time travel and was used in many stories. Allen was so liked that nearly all speedsters that come after him are often compared to him. Batman once said Barry is the kind of man that I wouldve hoped to become if my parents had not been murdered. As presented in Justice League of America #9, when the Earth is infiltrated by alien warriors sent to conquer the planet, some of the worlds greatest heroes join forces, Allen among them. While the superheroes individually defeat most of the invaders, they fall prey to a single alien, afterwards, the heroes decide to found the Justice League. Allen also becomes friends with Green Lantern, which would later be the subject of the limited series Flash and Green Lantern, The Brave
24.
Zero Hour (comics)
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Is a comic book crossover storyline published by DC Comics in 1994, consisting of an eponymous five-issue central miniseries and a number of tie-in books. The crossover involved almost every DC Universe monthly series published at the time, the issues of the series itself were numbered in reverse order, beginning with issue #4 and ending with #0. The series was written and penciled by Dan Jurgens, with inks by Jerry Ordway and this series is noted for its motif of the DC Universe gradually fading out as events reached their climax. Was intended by DC as a belated follow-up to their landmark limited series Crisis on Infinite Earths and it promised to do for the inconsistent future timelines of the DC Universe what Crisis had done for its parallel worlds, unify them into a new one. This event served as an opportunity to reconcile some of the problems left unaddressed by Crisis, the character of Hawkman was one of the most problematic, since the revised version did not first appear until 1989. This raised the question of what version of Hawkman had been seen since 1986, the Legion of Super-Heroes faced similar problems with the eliminations of Superboy and Supergirl from DC continuity. These and other retcons were not always received by readers. The Sandman, Worlds End is loosely connected with Zero Hour, then a wave of nothingness is seen moving from the end of time to its beginning, erasing entire historical ages in the process. The apparent villain of the story presented in the miniseries was a character named Extant, formerly Hawk of the duo Hawk, Extant had acquired temporal powers, using them to unravel the DC Universes timeline. In a confrontation with members of the Justice Society of America, Extant aged several of them, calling himself Parallax, Jordan had gone insane, and was now trying to remake the universe, undoing the events which had caused his breakdown and his own murderous actions following it. Although Jordan was severely weakened from using so much energy he managed to survive when Green Arrow shot an arrow into his heart. DC published a fold-out timeline inside the cover of Zero Hour #0 which identified various events and key stories which were part of its newly singular timeline. The Legion of Super-Heroes continuity was completely rebooted following Zero Hour, and they resumed their previous numbering or went on to #1, for new series, the following month. A major part of Batmans origin was retconned after the events in Zero Hour, in this version, Batman never caught or confronted the killer of his parents, and more importantly, Batman was thought of as being an urban legend. Also, Catwoman was not a prostitute, but rather lived in the low area of Gotham. Finally, contributing to a point not fully explored in Batman, Year Three. For those and other reasons, DC later introduced a variation of the concept of the Multiverse. In the end, this more ecumenical solution did not satisfy DC editors either, inevitably leading to the Infinite Crisis event in 2005, Zero Hour also served to launch or end several ongoing series
25.
Hourman
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Hourman is the name of three different fictional superheroes appearing in comics published by DC Comics. The original Hourman was created by Ken Fitch and Bernard Baily in Adventure Comics #48, scientist Rex Tyler, raised in upstate New York, developed an affinity for chemistry, particularly biochemistry. Working his way through college, he landed a job researching vitamins, a series of discoveries and accidents led him to the miraculous vitamin Miraclo. He found that doses of the miraclo given to test mice increased their strength. After taking a dose himself, Rex found he could have superhuman strength and speed for the hour that the effects lasted. Keeping the discovery of Miraclo a secret, Tyler decided that human trials would be limited to the subject he could trust. He received his first mission by placing an ad stating that The Man of The Hour would help the needy, tracking down one responder to the ad, he aided a housewife whose husband was falling in with the wrong crowd, and stopped a robbery. Using a costume he found in a costume shop, he started to adventure as The Hour-Man. In November 1940 Hourman became one of the members of the first superhero team. After leaving the JSA in mid-1941 Tyler became one of Uncle Sams initial group of Freedom Fighters and he later became part of the wartime All-Star Squadron. Hourman was one of heroes whose popularity began to decline in the post-war years. Like all the other Golden Agers, he was now considered a statesman of the super-hero set. Unlike some other Golden Age heroes, his character would continue to more and more complex. The idea that Miraclo was addictive, combined with the suggestion that Tyler himself was addicted to crime fighting, Rex would continue to fight both of his addictions throughout the rest of his appearances. He was rescued from that fate by the third Hourman and put in a dimension called the Timepoint. However, when Rick was wounded in a fight with Nemesis, Rex was sent back in the role of Hourman until the android Hourman returned to take the JSA to the Timepoint and retrieve Rick. When the Timepoint ended just as Ricks injuries had been treated, Rick and Rex fought to try and return to Zero Hour, but the android Hourman took his place in that battle. Rex now lives in semi-retirement with his wife Wendi, noting that he intended to rebuild his relationship with Wendi and also work on reconstructing the android Hourman based on his remaining pieces
26.
Hank Hall
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Hank Hall is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe who first appeared in Showcase #75 as Hawk of Hawk and Dove. He later became the supervillain Monarch in the event limited series Armageddon 2001. He later became known as Extant, and appeared in the Zero Hour limited series, Hawk was restored, and in the final issue of Blackest Night, he was finally returned to life. Hank Hall was originally the superhero Hawk, of Hawk and Dove, Hawk represented chaos, while Dove represented order. His brother, Don Hall, the original Dove, died during Crisis on Infinite Earths, Don was replaced with Dawn Granger, who mysteriously acquired her powers in London. Monarch was a tyrant from a bleak, dystopian Earth fifty years in the future. He learned that forty years ago, one of Earths strongest and most powerful heroes would eventually turn evil and become Monarch, when Monarch came into battle with the heroes of the present day, he killed Dove, and her enraged partner killed him for it. Removing the villains mask, Hank discovered that he was Monarch, Armageddon 2001 is generally disliked by readers for what has been described as the dishonesty of its resolution. The frame story had been presented as a mystery - what superhero would go insane, kill all heroes, and take over the world. However, at point during the mini series the future-culprits identity was leaked. Captain Atom would be the one who became Monarch, in response to the leak, the surprise ending was changed at the last minute, Monarch was revealed to be, not Captain Atom, but rather Hawk. The problem with this reveal as many fans pointed out is that Waverider had seen Monarch die, when hostile aliens encounter Monarch and Captain Atom in the past, they attempt to enlist both to assist them in creating a wormhole. The wormholes creation would destroy the universe in which the primitive Earth existed, shortly after returning to the present, Monarch confronted Waverider and used his power to see the past and future to become aware of the power within him. It is explained at this point, that when Monarch killed Dove, realising this, Monarch unleashes his hidden powers and becomes Extant. Extant then removes Waveriders timetravel device and joins forces with renegade Green Lantern Hal Jordan, now known as Parallax, in a plan to alter time as they saw fit. Several armies of heroes banded together to stop his plans before they began in the 30th century, down, but not out, Extant began to strike back at the heroes at Ground Zero, the beginning of time. Parallax had warped several metahumans from various time periods together for the ultimate assault, sensing defeat was imminent, he escaped the fight, promising vengeance at a later date. Extant would first reappear in the 1999 one-shot, Impulse, Bart Saves the Universe, in it, Extant picks a fight with the original Justice Society as a means of tricking the Linear Men into saving the life of an innocent bystander who was destined to die
27.
Blackest Night
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Blackest Night involves Nekron, a personified force of death who reanimates deceased superheroes and seeks to eliminate all life and emotion from the universe. Geoff Johns has identified the central theme as emotion. The crossover was published for eight months as a limited series, various other limited series and tie-ins, including an audio drama from Darker Projects, were published. The storyline was first mentioned at the conclusion of the Sinestro Corps War in Green Lantern vol, both Geoff Johns and Ethan Van Sciver said that Blackest Night is the third part of a Green Lantern event trilogy that began with Rebirth and continued with Sinestro Corps War. In a December 2007 interview with IGN, Johns stated that he has the monthly Green Lantern book plotted up until issue #55, more details for the event were revealed in DC Universe #0, which depicted Black Hand discovering the black power battery on the planet of Ryut. Blackest Night #0 was released on May 2,2009 —Free Comic Book Day—and portrays a series of events leading into Blackest Night #1. The standalone, self-titled miniseries consists of Blackest Night #0 and eight monthly issues, Ethan Van Sciver had planned to work on the opening book, but because of his work on The Flash, Rebirth miniseries he was not able to complete both effectively. Van Sciver and Ivan Reis created many of the designs for this storyline, Green Lanterns Ash and Saarek find the Black Central Power Battery at a reportedly classified location within Sector 666. After touching the battery, Saarek reports that their presence has awoken something, the two are killed when two monstrous hands emerge from below them as the battery calls flesh. In Green Lantern Corps, a field of asteroids in a region of space is depicted with the colors of the spectrum in the background. The asteroids, which are apparently the remains of the planet Xanshi, are shattered, in Gotham City, Black Hand removes Bruce Waynes skull from his grave and carries it with him, and a Black Lantern power battery begins to charge. The Guardians of Oa observe the War of Light and realize that Ganthet and Sayd are correct but are kept from intervening by Scar, thousands of black rings assault the Corps crypt, creating a Black Lantern Corps. Hal Jordan and the newly revived Flash investigate Bruce Waynes grave and are attacked by Black Lantern Martian Manhunter, on Oa, the Green Lanterns are met by all of the resurrected Lanterns, now reborn as Black Lanterns. Hawkgirl and Hawkman are killed by Black Lanterns Elongated Man and Sue Dibny, Aquaman and his Black Lantern family attack Mera, who flees. A black ring strikes the Spectre, binding the spirit Aztar, the black rings are unable to revive dead characters who are at peace, such as former Dove Don Hall, even as his partner Hawk and his brother Hank rise. In Gotham, Hal Jordan and Barry Allen are confronted by several Black Lanterns, Hal, the Atom and Flash battle the Black Lanterns when the Indigo Tribe appear and use their Indigo power with other rings to obliterate the Black Dibnys. Mera finds the new Firestorm and Gehenna, who merge to create a new Firestorm, Indigo says that the Lantern Corps must unite to defeat the Black one. The Indigo Tribe depart with Hal and leave the heroes to fight the invading Black Lanterns
28.
Mister Terrific (Michael Holt)
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Michael Holt is a fictional character, a comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics. He is the character to take up the Mister Terrific mantle. Michael Holt was created by John Ostrander and Tom Mandrake and first appeared in Spectre #54. At a very young age, Michael Holt shows remarkable intelligence, reading and assimilating the works of Aage Bohr, Albert Einstein, Max Planck and Richard Feynman, Michael grows up with his mentally challenged older brother, Jeffrey, whom he loves dearly. When Jeffrey dies at the age of 15, Michael is devastated, Holt displays a natural aptitude for having natural aptitudes, as he calls it, easily picking up and retaining complex skills and abilities that other men spent their entire lives perfecting. Before he begins his career as a superhero, he already possesses 14 Ph. Ds - is a self-made multi-millionaire with a tech firm called Cyberwear and is a gold medal winning Olympic decathlete. The accidental deaths of his wife and unborn child are a blow to Holt. He considers himself responsible for the accident as he made his wife late for church by arguing with her about the value of religion, while contemplating suicide, he is met by the Spectre, who tells him about Terry Sloane, the Golden Age superhero known as Mister Terrific. Inspired by Sloanes life story, he takes the name Mister Terrific and later joins the current Justice Society of America and he wears ordinary clothes and a leather jacket with Sloanes Fair Play emblem on the back initially. For a time he acts as spokesperson for Tylerco and consults for the company on industrial espionage, Holt has a friendly rivalry with Batman, his opposite number in the Justice League of America. Holt has encountered Sloane twice through time travel, with Sloane expressing pride in having so worthy a successor, Holt has been noted as the most intelligent member of the JSA in its history, surpassing his predecessor. He is also known as the third smartest person in the world, and he serves in this capacity until the team disbands following the Infinite Crisis. Mr. Terrific currently remains a member of the reformed Justice Society of America and he resumed his chairmanship from the last incarnation of the team, but his leadership responsibilities in Checkmate eventually prompt him to relinquish the position to Power Girl. Mr. Terrific is part of the team assembled by Batman for an attack on the Brother Eye satellite responsible for controlling the OMACs and he plays a critical role as his invisibility to technology allows him to reach the satellites propulsion system, sending it crashing to Earth. On this meeting he meets and befriends another African American superhero - Black Lightning, as part of the One Year Later storyline though, Holt is still a member of the JSA, and he has also become part of the United Nations Security Councils intelligence agency Checkmate. He has also given up his position, which has been taken over by Power Girl. Mr. Terrific has also established an ill-defined mentorship with Firestorm, the specifics of their meeting are yet to be documented. Holt is forced to face his issues with faith once again when the JSA confront Gog, a God of the Second World
29.
Orangeburg, South Carolina
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Orangeburg, also known as The Garden City, is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2010 United States census, the city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River in the Piedmont area. The city is enlivened by yearly additions of college students at two major universities, Claflin University in 2014 was ranked as the best liberal arts college in the state and the top HBCU in the country by Washington Monthly. South Carolina State University is noted for having the only undergraduate nuclear engineering program in the state, and the only masters of science degree in transportation in the state. In 1998 the university was designated by the U. S. Congress and the USDOT as one of 33 University Transportation Centers in the nation, european settlement in this area started in 1704 when George Sterling set up a post here for fur trade with Indians. In 1735, a colony of 200 Swiss, German and Dutch immigrants formed a community near the banks of the North Edisto River, the site was attractive because of the fertile soil and the abundance of wildlife. The river provided the all-important transportation waterway to the port of Charleston on the Atlantic coast for the agriculture and lumber products. The town soon became a well-established and successful colony, composed chiefly of small yeomen farmers, orangeburgs first church was established by a German Lutheran congregation. It later identified as an Anglican Church, which was the established church, the church building was erected prior to 1763 in the center of the village, it was destroyed by fighting during the Revolutionary War. A new church was built, during the Civil War, it was used as a hospital by General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march through with Union forces. After the American Revolution, the character of the county changed dramatically, invention by Eli Whitney of a mass-produced cotton gin for processing short-staple or green seed cotton made this type of cotton profitable. It was easily grown in the areas, and the county was rapidly developed into large cotton plantations. Agricultural labor was provided by enslaved African Americans, many brought into the area in a migration from the coastal areas or the Upper South via the domestic slave trade. Slaves became the majority of population in the county and city, efforts by blacks to regain civil rights increased in the postwar period after World War II. In the 1960s, Orangeburg was a center of Civil Rights Movement activities by students from both Claflin College and South Carolina State College as well as black residents of the city. After the US Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education declaring segregation in schools to be unconstitutional, local blacks sought integration of local schools in 1956. Whites retaliated economically, sometimes firing activists or evicting them from rental housing, College students came to their support with hunger strikes, boycotts, and mass marches. In 1960, over 400 students were arrested on sit-ins and integration marches organized by the Congress of Racial Equality, in August 1963, the Orangeburg Freedom Movement, chaired by Dr. Harlowe Caldwell of the NAACP, submitted 10 pro-integration demands to the Orangeburg Mayor and City Council
30.
South Carolina
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South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U. S. Constitution, doing so on May 23,1788. South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20,1860, after the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25,1868. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U. S. state and its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3. 13%. The capital and largest city is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358, South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, under whose reign the English colony was first formed, with Carolus being Latin for Charles. There is evidence of activity in the area about 12000 years ago. Along the Savannah River were the Apalachee, Yuchi, and the Yamasee, further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. These tribes were village-dwellers, relying on agriculture as their food source. The Cherokee lived in wattle and daub houses made with wood and clay, about a dozen separate small tribes summered on the coast harvesting oysters and fish, and cultivating corn, peas and beans. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles mostly by canoe, they wintered on the plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts. The names of these survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island. The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area, in 1521, founding San Miguel de Gualdape, established with 500 settlers, it was abandoned within a year by 150 survivors. In 1562 French settlers established a settlement at what is now the Charlesfort-Santa Elena archaeological site on Parris Island, three years later the Spanish built a fort on the same site, but withdrew following hostilities with the English navy. In 1629, King Charles I of England established the Province of Carolina an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, in the 1670s, English planters from the Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, settlers came from all over Europe. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720, another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by farmers and traders. Colonists overthrew the rule, seeing more direct representation
31.
Pastor
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A pastor is usually an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, the term may be abbreviated to Pr or Ps, a pastor also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. The word pastor derives from the Latin noun pastor which means shepherd and relates to the Latin verb pascere - to lead to pasture, set to grazing, cause to eat. The term pastor also relates to the role of elder within the New Testament, many Protestant churches call their ministers pastors. Present-day usage of the word is rooted in the Biblical image of shepherding, the Hebrew Bible uses the Hebrew word רעה. English-language translations of the New Testament usually render the Greek noun ποιμήν as shepherd, the two words occur a total of 29 times in the New Testament, most frequently referring to Jesus. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd in John 10,11, the same words in the familiar Christmas story refer to literal shepherds. 1 Corinthians 9,7 - Paul says, of himself and the apostles, in the United States, the term pastor is used by Catholics for what in other English-speaking countries is called a parish priest. The Latin term used in the Code of Canon Law is parochus, the parish priest is the proper clergyman in charge of the congregation of the parish entrusted to him. Many Protestants use the term pastor as a title or as a job title, United Methodists, for example, ordain to the office of deacon and elder, each of whom can use the title of pastor depending upon their job description. These pastors may be lay people, seminary students, or seminary graduates in the ordination process, and cannot exercise any functions of clergy outside the charge where they are appointed. The use of the pastor can also be regional in some denominations, including some parts of the Methodist, Presbyterian, Seventh-day Adventist, American Churches of Christ. The use of the pastor to refer to the common Protestant title of modern times dates to the days of John Calvin. Both men, and other Reformers, seem to have revived the term to replace the Catholic priest in the minds of their followers, the pastor was considered to have a role separate from the board of presbyters. In some Lutheran churches, ordained clergy are called priests, while in others the term pastor is preferred, ordained clergy are called priests in the Episcopal Church, as in all other branches of the Anglican Communion. Bercot, David W. Will The Real Heretics Please Stand Up, newAdvent. org, The Catholic Encyclopedias entry on the term pastor. LifeWay. com, Articles to help the pastor in the roles of preacher, missionary, leader, shepherd, and person
32.
Jade (comics)
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Jade is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe. She first appeared in All-Star Squadron #25 in September 1983, Jade is the daughter of the Green Lantern, alias Alan Scott, and Thorn, alias Rose Canton. Jades twin brother is Obsidian, alias Todd James Rice, Jade is a founding member of Infinity, Inc. She has worked with the Justice League and the Justice Society of America and she is also a member and leader of the Outsiders. After being given a ring, she joined the Green Lantern Corps. The Green Lantern Corps had been resurrected and Jade was the first female Green Lantern from Earth, Jades romantic interests are Henry Hank King, Jr. and Kyle Rayner. She was ranked 34th in Comics Buyers Guides 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list, Rose, Jades mother, was married, briefly, to Alan Scott. When she had children by Scott, she gave them up for adoption because she feared she would harm them, Jade and her twin were separated. Jade was adopted by a living in the suburbs of Milwaukee. Jade learned of her brother, Todd, when she was in her late teens. Shortly after she met Todd, the two tried to join the Justice Society. They were rejected, but joined with other children and protégés of JSA members to form Infinity inc, due to their fathers exposure to magical energies, Jade and her brother were born with metahuman powers. Jades powers first manifested when she was a child when she defended herself against sexual assault, Jades powers resembled her fathers in that she was able to generate green energy and shape it into constructs. Jade also inherited her mothers power of plant manipulation, Jade made a career in modeling in California then left to pursue photography in New York City. There, her mate was Kyle Rayner. Jade and Kyle became romantically involved, when Jade lost her powers in a battle with Starheart, Kyle gave her a spare power ring and battery, thus making her a member of the Green Lantern Corps. Kyle later restores her powers during his first, short tenure as the god-like Ion, Jades power ring eventually passed to John Stewart. After Kyles friend, Terry Berg, was attacked, Jade, after completing a number of missions, Jade returned to Earth
33.
Mister Bones
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Mister Bones is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe, created by Roy Thomas, Dann Thomas, and Todd McFarlane, in Infinity, Inc. #16. Thus, he now wears a suit and tie instead of a costume, a chain-smoker, he had a habit of speaking in rhyme in early appearances, however, he no longer does so. Dr. Benjamin Love, a gynecologist, injected six pregnant women with a mutagenic drug. Each of the women gave birth to a metahuman child, Dr. Love kidnapped the infants and raised them himself, never allowing them to leave the house. The children learned all they knew from books, radio, later, the six young adults learned the true story of their origin from reading Loves diary and confronted him. Bones later showed the rest of his family the grave of Dr. Love, the team kidnapped the Infinitor Fury in an attempt to extort money. Although they were defeated by Furys teammates, Infinity, Inc, later, the second Wildcat learned that she was in fact a cousin of Helixs new member, Carcharo, and that they are both products of the same genetic experiments as Helix. The two teams battled to a stalemate and Mr. Bones was arrested while the others escaped, later, Mr. Bones was freed from prison by Dr. Love. Carcharo soon turned on the Helix and kidnapped Mr. Bones, in the ensuing struggle Carcharo is stabbed with a long piece of metal and in a last-ditch effort bit Bones leg off, and then died from cyanide poisoning. To make sure Bones got medical care, Helix turned themselves in to the authorities, Mr. Bones received an artificial leg and Dr. Beth Chapel helped him recover from his injuries, and the two formed a friendly relationship. Since they were minors, a court hearing was held to determine the fate of the members of Helix. It was found that Mr. Bones had too much of an influence on them. Infinity, Inc. was given custody of Bones while the rest of the Helix would receive treatment, for most of his time with Infinity, Inc. Mr. Bones was not a member of the even though he took an active part in their adventures and became a hero in his own right. During the wedding of Hector and Lyta Hall, Harlequin used deception to have Bones and she then deceived Solomon Grundy into grabbing Bones arm and using him to kill Sylvester Pemberton, alias Skyman, with his cyanide touch. Wracked with guilt, Bones left Infinity, Inc, when Dr. Love gained control of Helix and ordered them to kill Bones, Helix instead turned on Love, killing him. Helix then left in disgust, telling Bones he was no one of them. The Infinitors, though, granted Bones full membership in the team, at some point after Infinity, Inc. disbanded, Mr. Bones became Director of a local branch of the U. S. Department of Extranormal Operations, and as a D. E. O
34.
Crisis on Infinite Earths
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It was produced by DC Comics to herald a simplification of its then 50-year-old narrative continuity. The series was written by Marv Wolfman and illustrated by George Pérez, Mike DeCarlo, Dick Giordano, the series removed the multiverse concept from the fictional DC Universe, depicting the death of long-standing characters Supergirl and the Barry Allen incarnation of the Flash. Continuity in the DC Universe is divided into pre-Crisis and post-Crisis periods and it inspired the titles of four DC crossover series, Zero Hour, Crisis in Time. Infinite Crisis, Final Crisis, and Convergence, before Crisis on Infinite Earths was published, DC storylines had many continuity problems, no characters backstory was entirely consistent and reliable. DCs oldest superhero, Superman, could not originally fly, his strength came from evolving on a planet with stronger gravity than Earths and he was later depicted flying, with his powers explained as deriving from Earths yellow sun. Supermans history later incorporated his exploits as Superboy, more Krypton survivors were introduced, contradicting the original premise that Superman was the sole survivor of Kryptons destruction. Issues also arose about the age of some characters, batman retained his youth and vitality well into the 1980s despite his World War II heroism, and his sidekick Robin took over 30 years in real time to graduate from high school. Characters such as the Flash, the Atom and Green Lantern appeared in conflicting storylines, with differing origins, the biggest perceived problem was DCs vast array of parallel Earths. Beginning as a story in Flash #123, the Silver Age version of the Flash met his Golden Age counterpart. Marv Wolfman and Len Wein saw Crisis as a chance to clean up DCs convoluted continuity, the term Crisis denoted an inter-dimensional crossover, similar to the annual Justice League–Justice Society crossovers that began with Crisis on Earth-One. Early in planning, a list was made of characters that were part of the DC Universe, the crossover was fleshed out and coordinated at a meeting attended by president Jenette Kahn, Paul Levitz, vice president and executive editor Dick Giordano and DCs editors. According to writer Steve Gerber, Crisis on Infinite Earths got virtually no promotion, how many handouts did you see. How many posters did you see in peoples windows, how much information was really distributed to the press and how much was gotten just by individual reporters going to Marv Wolfman and George Pérez. Despite this the series was successful, renewing interest in the books and attracting readers with the slogan. During a lull in the war the villains unite under Brainiac, the Anti-Monitor tries to use an antimatter cannon to penetrate the limbo universe and destroy the five partially merged Earths. The Flash dies stopping this attempt, a furious Anti-Monitor vows to travel back through time to prevent the creation of the multiverse. The villains fail, and Krona continues his experiment, the five Earths merge into a single shared universe, and the superheroes return to the present, only those present at the dawn of time remember the original realities. A cosmically empowered Anti-Monitor attacks again, transporting the new Earth to the antimatter universe and he falls in a carefully planned counterattack culminating in a battle with Kal-L, Alexander Luthor of Earth-Three and Superboy of Earth-Prime, with help from New Gods adversary Darkseid
35.
Wildcat (Yolanda Montez)
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Yolanda Montez is a fictional superheroine in DC Comics shared universe, the DC universe. Her first appearance was in Infinity Inc. #12 and she was created by Roy Thomas, Dannette Thomas and Don Newton. Roy and Dann Thomas originally intended to create a Canadian superheroine named The Lynx for new 1980s-era descendants of the All-Star Squadron, a caption refers to her as La Garro. She however, never appears in any of the teams adventures, however, the character ultimately appears as Wildcat Maria Montez and her sister are given experimental drugs by the mad gynecologist Dr. Benjamin Love while they are pregnant. Doctor Love keeps close tabs on most of his experiments, in Mexico, Marias daughter Yolanda is born on the same day her sister gives birth to Carcharo. Yolanda and her return to America to reunite with Mr. Mauler Montez. As a child, Yolanda manifests her powers, but is unaware of why she was born a mutant. She grows close to her godfather, Ted Grant, who is the mystery man Wildcat, years later, during the Crisis, Grant is crippled while saving a child. Yolanda assumes his identity to honor her godfather and the principles he represented, Ted Grant is at first annoyed with this new superheroine, but when he discovers she is his god-daughter, he gives Yolanda his blessing. As the second Wildcat, she joins Infinity Inc. and fights alongside them, during her time on the team, she has a very flirtatious relationship with Nuklon even though he only has eyes for Fury. In a 1987 crossover special, Yolanda assists in the liberation of the country of Markovia from the influence of the Psycho Pirate and she stays with the team until it disbands. She withdraws from active heroing, but is brought out of retirement to fight Eclipso. She joins a team of superheroes, which include Major Victory. They call themselves the Shadow Fighters, several Shadow Fighters, including Wildcat, infiltrate the small country that Eclipso has conquered. Using various forms, he kills them all, Yolanda is slain personally with a stroke of his sword, several of the surviving members of the team risk their lives in order to retrieve the bodies of the dead. Her body was brought by her mother to a witch who was able to bring Yolanda back to life, however. Yolanda is also the cousin of former JSA Museum curator Alexander Montez, alex ultimately loses control of Eclipso and commits suicide. The new interpretation of Yolanda is a red-haired Mexican student and she is shown to have acquired the role by intercepting the messenger of the Red, a horrible animal hybrid, as it came to claim her brother as the Reds Avatar
36.
Supervillain
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A supervillain is a variant of the villainous stock character archetype commonly found in American comic books, sometimes possessing superhuman abilities. A supervillain is the antithesis of a superhero, Supervillains are often used as foils to present a daunting challenge to a superhero. Other traits may include megalomania and possession of considerable resources to further their aims, many supervillains share some typical characteristics of real world dictators, gangsters, and terrorists, with aspirations of world domination or universal leadership. Some notable examples of female supervillains are Catwoman, Mystique, Harley Quinn, Talia al Ghul, Supervillains are sometimes members of supervillain groups, such as the Sinister Six, the Suicide Squad, the Brotherhood of Mutants, the Injustice League, and the Masters of Evil. The dictionary definition of supervillain at Wiktionary Media related to Supervillains at Wikimedia Commons
37.
Eclipso
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Eclipso is a fictional supervillain in the DC Comics Universe. The character is the incarnation of the Wrath of God and the Angel of Vengeance that turned evil and was replaced by the Spectre, Eclipso first appeared in House of Secrets #61 and was created by Bob Haney and Lee Elias. Originally, Eclipso was written as a villain with average superpowers. However, the Darkness Within miniseries modified the character to be an evil, Eclipsos character laments the power he once had as a spirit of divine vengeance. Eclipso would frequently seek to possess beings of power like Superman, Lar Gand. Eclipsos early comics debut is tied to his first modern host, Bruce Gordon, while in the jungle to view a solar eclipse, Gordon was attacked by a tribal sorcerer named Mophir. Before plunging to his death off a cliff, Mophir wounded Gordon with a black diamond, afterwards, Gordon would be transformed into the villainous Eclipso whenever an eclipse occurred. A blue-gray or purple circle would cover the rightmost two-thirds of his face, Gordon would experience many Jekyll-and-Hyde transformations and misadventures in House of Secrets. During this period, Eclipso was portrayed as a villain, possessing super strength, partial invulnerability. It was later retconned that any type of eclipse could summon Eclipso, lunar, solar and this was countered with a simple means of banishing him again, any bright flash of light would turn him back into Bruce Gordon. In the early 1990s, DC revamped Eclipso in a company-wide crossover built around the miniseries Eclipso, retconned again, Eclipso was not simply Bruce Gordons dark half, but a vengeance demon who had possessed Gordon. Eclipsos soul had originally been bound inside a giant black diamond called the Heart of Darkness in Africa, a treasure hunter found it in the late nineteenth century and brought it to London in 1891, where he had a jeweler cut it into one thousand shards. This weakened the binding spell, allowing Eclipso to possess anyone who became angry while in contact with one of the shards and he was no longer limited to possessing Gordon during an eclipse, but pretended otherwise so that Gordon would not know the truth about the black diamonds. Over the next century, the Eclipso entity gathered the diamond shards with the intention of destroying them all, if Gordon had achieved his goal of making solar energy the planets primary energy source, any solar-powered device could be used as a weapon against Eclipso. In the climax of the story, several of Earths heroes were possessed by Eclipso and he then absorbed these heroes into his own body, gaining their mass and also their inherent powers. Gordon led a group of heroes armed with weapons to the moon in an attempt to defeat Eclipso once. The absorbed heroes were freed in the end, but only after Will Payton destroyed Eclipsos moon base by detonating his own solar-powered body, Eclipsos diamond shards remained on Earth. Following the crossover event, Eclipso appeared in a solo series and he conquered the South American country of Parador by possessing one person at a time
38.
Creeper (comics)
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The Creeper is a fictional character, a superhero created by Steve Ditko for DC Comics. He is portrayed as a talk show host dressed in a wild costume with a green, yellow. He is characterized by strength, agility, and stamina, a healing factor enabling him to heal from virtually any wound, physically painful laughter. Most of his powers and abilities are the results of effects from serums. The Creeper first appeared in Showcase #73 and he later spun off into two brief series, one written by Dennis ONeil in 1968 and another written by Len Kaminski in 1997 and 1998. In the interim, he was alive with sporadic appearances in solo runs. His last comic appearance was in a miniseries written by Steve Niles in 2006. He also appeared in shows like The New Batman Adventures and Batman, The Brave. The character first appeared in Showcase #73, following his debut in Showcase, the Creeper was given his own series Beware the Creeper, written by Dennis ONeil, Steve Ditko plotted the first issue. Most pitted him against a villain called Proteus, whose true identity was revealed just before his violent death in the final issue. The characters reappearance in Super-Team Family #2 in 1975/76 is unexplained, shortly after his last solo issue, the Creeper teamed with Batman in The Brave and the Bold #80, then guested in Justice League of America #70, where it was asked whether the Creeper was an outlaw. He also appeared with Batman in Detective Comics #418, DC kept the character active with sporadic solo runs and guest shots over the next few years. He turned up almost immediately in issue #3 of the Jokers short-lived, self-titled series, in a written by ONeil. This was followed with a solo story in 1st Issue Special #7. A story intended for the never-published Showcase #106 in 1978 was included in The Creeper by Steve Ditko hardcover collection published by DC in 2010, among further solos were backup series in Adventure Comics #445–447, Worlds Finest Comics #249–55, and The Flash #318–323. His deranged behavior, initially an act to frighten criminals, transformed into genuine, in addition, Ryder could access his enhanced physical abilities only in his costumed form, and could no longer control his transformations. The new version came into focus when the Creeper teamed with the Justice League International in 1987, a decade later, DC gave the Creeper another chance in a solo comic, The Creeper. It lasted 12 issues Writer Len Kaminski focused on the breakdown of Ryders sanity under the influence of the Creeper, the Creeper starred in a six-issue miniseries, The Creeper vol
39.
Commander Steel
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Commander Steel is the name of three superheroes published by DC Comics, all members of the same family. The first Steel appeared in Steel, The Indestructible Man #1 published by DC Comics and his stories were set in World War II. The two later characters called Steel are his grandsons, Steel first appeared in a series set in 1939, Steel, The Indestructible Man, written by Captain America writer Gerry Conway. The series was canceled five issues, and Steel later made a guest-appearance in Justice League of America. Steel or Commander Steel also appeared in and was a member of the World War II era All-Star Squadron team and he made a prominent appearance many years later in four issues of the Eclipso ongoing series, where he was killed. After this, he appeared in issue #2 of the 2010 series, DC Universe, Legacies, starting in 1984, the second Steel appeared as one of the lead characters in Justice League of America, until its cancellation during the Legends crossover in 1987. He made a single appearance several years later in issue #38 of Justice League America, a continuation of Justice League International, in 2006, he played a leading posthumous role in a single story arc of JLA Classified, which chronicled a previously unrevealed adventure of the Detroit-era JLA. In 2010, he played a role in the two-issue Justice League of America tie-in to Blackest Night. In The New 52 he is shown to exist on Earth 2, at the request of Doctor Giles, Heywood kept his newfound gifts a secret, and was returned to service in a desk position. Heywood defeated the saboteurs, and embarked on a career fighting foreign threats, Heywood entered more directly into World War II as a secret weapon before he allied himself with the All-Star Squadron. In that time he was commissioned Commander Steel by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, years later, as a wealthy industrialist, he incorporated the same mechanized components into his grandson, Hank Heywood III. After his grandsons death, Heywood resumed the mantle of Commander Steel and died battling the supervillain Eclipso and he did come to a heroic end - detonating the Sunburst 300 as his teammate Nemesis escaped. The second Steel was the late Henry Hank Heywood III, Commander Steel, a wealthy industrialist, incorporated the same mechanized components into his grandson, much to his grandsons disapproval. Heywood III was a Justice League Detroit team member, and was wounded in battle against an android belonging to one of the teams classic foes. His body remained preserved in the JLA Bunker until it was discovered and destroyed by Despero, Hank later remarked that his grandfather may have been driven insane by the metal in his skull. In a Justice League of America tie-in to the Blackest Night crossover, alongside the Black Lantern Vibe, Steel attacked his former teammates, Gypsy and Vixen, until Doctor Light destroyed him. During a later battle between the Justice League and Crime Syndicate of America at the Hall of Justice, Steels remains were destroyed by Superwoman. The villainess even went so far as to use one of Steels severed legs as a club, the relaunched Justice Society of America features another member of the Heywood family
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Peacemaker (comics)
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The Peacemaker is the name of a series of superheroes originally owned by Charlton Comics and later acquired by DC Comics. The original Peacemaker first appeared in Fightin 5 #40, and was created by writer Joe Gill, the Peacemaker first appeared as a backup series in Charlton Comics espionage-team title Fightin 5 #40. When that series was canceled with issue #41, the Peacemaker received his own title that lasted five issues cover-dated March to November 1967, some of penciler-inker Pat Boyettes artwork for a projected sixth issue later appeared online. Following Charlton Comics demise in the mid-1980s, DC Comics acquired The Peacemaker, the Peacemaker is Christopher Smith, a pacifist diplomat so committed to peace that he was willing to use force as a superhero to advance the cause. He uses an array of special weapons, and also founds the Pax Institute. Most of the villains he goes up against are dictators and warlords, Smith later learns that his peace-through-violence efforts were the result of a serious mental illness brought on by the shame of having a Nazi death camp commandant for a father. He believes his fathers spirit haunts him continually and criticizes his every move, for a time, the Peacemaker serves as a U. S. government agent under the auspices of Checkmate, a special-forces unit, hunting down terrorists until his own behavior becomes too extreme. He eventually crashes a helicopter to destroy tanks controlled by the supervillain Eclipso and is reported dead and his soul shows up in the realm of Purgatory in the Day of Judgment series. A team of heroes has shown up to recruit the soul of Hal Jordan, the guardians of Purgatory do not like this and Peacemaker, along with other dead vigilantes, rally and provide enough of a distraction so the group can return to Earth. Another operative using the name Peacemaker appeared only once, in Justice League International #65, Mitchell Black, a surgeon, was recruited by the Peacemaker Project, an organization unaffiliated with the Pax Institute and the US governments Project Peacemaker. Black would reappear in the miniseries titled LAW, reunited with the other heroes acquired from Charlton, as a team, they investigated a powerful being targeting military facilities. He appeared to have killed by the supervillain Prometheus in Infinite Crisis #7 during a battle to save Metropolis from destruction. Spoken by La Dama to define him, however, divested of his trademark helmet, he was shown using the Mitchell Black identity before settling again on his real name. A year prior to his meeting with Jaime, during a fight against Intergang, while inside, he accidentally came into contact with alien technology that allowed him to receive the scarabs database in his mind, explaining the inability of the Reach to control Garrett and Reyes. The Scarab was taken away with only a partly functioning AI with the instructions, including the ones needed to control the host, left in the pyramid. Sensing the connection he sought out Jaime, initially to see if the boy would become a threat and he was sent to kill Jaime, but Jaime interfaced with Smiths scarab and helped him face his inner fears. Gathering enough courage for a last stand, Smith forcibly cut the scarab from his spine, leaving him injured and he helped defend Jaimes family from a Reach attack, and has continued to serve as a sort of mentor to the third Blue Beetle. At the conclusion of the Blue Beetle volume, Peacemaker leaves El Paso, before he departs, he bids farewell to Jaime, later, he makes an appearance in Final Crisis Aftermath, Escape, as a detainee and potential recruit of the Global Peace Agency
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Major Victory (DC Comics)
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The Major Victory name has been used by three fictional characters in the DC Comics universe. The name was first used by a character in Batman and The Outsiders Annual #1 and he was affiliated with groups like Force of July, and Suicide Squad. The next character to use the Major Victory name first appeared in Adventures of Superman #612 and he appeared as a background character in a few Superman stories of the time. To date, the identity of this character has not been revealed. The current Major Victory active in the DC Universe, first appears in the miniseries Infinite Crisis Aftermath, The Battle for Blüdhaven and this Major Victory may or may not be identical with the second Major Victory from the Superman stories. The man born William Vickers started out as Major Victory, when the known as the Force of July was founded. With apt codenames and a lot of pomp and circumstance, these patriots held Americas flag high as they took on missions that B, eric Blairman assigned to them in the name of the President. The Force had many believing that what they were doing was absolutely right. Major Victory and his team are featured in the 1987 Outsiders special, the two teams investigate the Forces ties to the corrupt Prime Minister of the country of Markovia. The Outsiders member Geo-Force is the prince of that country, Major Victory leads the assault when a combined Infinity/Outsiders team infiltrates their California base. Major Victory personally defeats the Outsider members Looker and Katana, in reference to Katanas Asian heritage, Major Victory says Never could figure it out. I can understand the Jap turning against us, but Looker--shes an American, in a comic crossover that includes the Suicide Squad, Checkmate and Firestorm titles called the Janus Directive, the Force of July is drawn into a battle with the Suicide Squad. Each side believes the other is acting against the interests of America and this is the result of plans by Kobra, an international terrorist. The Squad kills the Forces Mayflower, Sparkler, Blairman dies of a heart attack. Major Victory wants revenge against the Squad, despite this, he serves with them reluctantly, battling Kobras plans which would result in the deaths of many more innocent people. He learns Waller had orchestrated the original fight to give the impression to outside forces that an attempt to replace Waller with a double had succeeded. Major Victory loses his remaining teammates Silent Majority and Lady Liberty who sacrifice themselves in attempts to stop Kobra and he comes to have a grudging respect for Amanda Waller and her tough ways. Afterwards, the United States government asks Major Victory to maintain his post with the Squad, the Major refuses, reminding the government that he was a civilian and the man who provided him with the uniform and purposes in life, Blairman, was dead
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Limited series (comics)
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In the field of comic books, a limited series is a comics series with a predetermined number of issues. A limited series differs from a series in that the number of issues is finite and determined before production. The term is used interchangeably with miniseries and maxiseries, usually depending on the length. In Dark Horse Comics definition of a series, This term primarily applies to a connected series of individual comic books. A limited series refers to a book series with a clear beginning, middle. Dark Horse Comics and DC Comics refer to limited series of two to eleven issues as miniseries and series of issues or more as maxiseries. The limited series has a story to tell. It follows the standard plot set-up of beginning, middle, usually, all plot points are covered by the end of the series. There have been limited series done in a format. Limited series are often done by a creative team, but in cases where there are changes. The number of issues is determined by some combination of the writers plotting. In 1979, in the process of recovering from the DC Implosion, publisher DC Comics experimented with a new format in the World of Krypton miniseries, as DC termed such short-run works. The new format allowed the company to tell stories that may not have fit into a series and to showcase characters into a short story without the risk. With the success of the format, DC followed by experimenting with longer stories. Debuting in 1982, Camelot 3000 was the first limited series to run to twelve issues, DC coined the term maxiseries as a promotional description for this. It did not take long for other publishers to begin using the limited-series format, Marvel Comics used it to feature popular characters from team titles and put them in solo adventures. Wolverines earliest solo adventures were told in limited series, crossovers were introduced in limited series form before the concept of multi-title crossovers was conceived. Contest of Champions brought forth the idea of an event affecting the Marvel Universe
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Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
