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Domestication of the horse
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The exact timeline and mechanisms of the domestication of the horse have been subject to significant academic debate. Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these wer
Terracotta urn in the shape of a horse (Iran, 1000 BCE) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library
Terracotta urn in the shape of a horse (Iran, 1000 BCE) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library
A horse painting from a cave in Lascaux
A horse painting from a cave in Lascaux
Equus caballus germanicus front leg, teeth and upper jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Equus caballus germanicus front leg, teeth and upper jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
The dispersal of the DOM2 genetic lineage, believed to be the ancestor of all modern domesticated horses, is linked with the populations which precede
The dispersal of the DOM2 genetic lineage, believed to be the ancestor of all modern domesticated horses, is linked with the populations which preceded the Sintashta culture and their expansions.
Chariot tactics
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The first evidence of humans using vehicle in warfare are Sumerian depictions of four-wheeled wagons pulled by semi-domesticated onagers. These war wagons were slow and cumbersome, but provided a prot
Depiction of an Assyrian war chariot pulled by three horses. Usually chariots were ridden in pairs of heavily armed warriors. One would usually be the
Depiction of an Assyrian war chariot pulled by three horses. Usually chariots were ridden in pairs of heavily armed warriors. One would usually be the designated driver who mostly controlled the reigns of the horses while the other (typically their superior) would fight with weapons such as bows, spears and javelins.
Relief of Ramses II located in Abu Simbel fighting at the Battle of Kadesh. Note that there are two archers riding in the chariot, with one of them ha
Relief of Ramses II located in Abu Simbel fighting at the Battle of Kadesh. Note that there are two archers riding in the chariot, with one of them having the reins tied around his body to free his hands. Chariots were expensive status symbols that took much training to master, reserving their use to the warrior elite.