1.
Duluth, Minnesota
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Duluth /dəˈluːθ/ is a major port city in the U. S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County. Duluth has a population of 86,110 and is the second-largest city on Lake Superiors shores, after Thunder Bay, Ontario, in Canada, the Duluth MSA had a population of 279,771 in 2010, the second-largest in Minnesota. Duluth forms an area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin, called the Twin Ports. The cities share the Duluth–Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes largest port, transporting coal, iron ore, the city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesotas North Shore. The city is named for Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, the Anishinaabe, also known as the Ojibwe or Chippewa, have inhabited the Lake Superior region for more than 500 years. They were preceded by the Dakota, Fox, Menominee, Nipigon, Noquet and Gros Ventre peoples, after the arrival of Europeans, the Anishinaabe found a niche as the middlemen between the French fur traders and other Native peoples. They soon became the dominant Indian nation in the region, forcing out the Dakota Sioux and Fox, by the mid-18th century, the Ojibwe occupied all of Lake Superiors shores. For both the Ojibwe and the Dakota, interaction with Europeans during the period revolved around the fur trade. The Ojibwe are historically known for their crafting of birch bark canoes, use of arrow points. In 1745, they adopted guns from the British for use against the Dakota nation of the Sioux, the Ojibwe Nation was the first to set the agenda with European-Canadian leaders for signing more detailed treaties before many European settlers were allowed too far west. Duluths name in Ojibwe is Onigamiinsing, a reference to the small, the Stopping Places were the places the Native Americans occupied during their westward migration as the Europeans overran their territory. Several factors brought fur traders to the Great Lakes in the early 17th century, the fashion for beaver hats in Europe generated demand for pelts. Étienne Brûlé is credited with the European discovery of Lake Superior before 1620, pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers explored the Duluth area, Fond du Lac in 1654 and again in 1660. The French soon established fur posts near Duluth and in the far north where Grand Portage became a trading center. The French explorer Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, whose name is anglicized as DuLuth. The first post was where Superior, Wisconsin, later developed, known as Fort Saint Louis, the post became the headquarters for North Wests new Fond du Lac Department. It had stockaded walls, two houses of 40 feet each, a shed of 60 feet, a warehouse. Over time, Indian peoples and European Americans settled nearby, in 1808, the American Fur Company was organized by German-born John Jacob Astor
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
4.
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
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Hollywood Forever Cemetery, originally named Hollywood Cemetery, is one of the oldest cemeteries in Los Angeles. It is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, Paramount Studios is located at the south end of the same block on 40 acres which were once part of the cemetery, but held no interments. People who played roles in shaping Los Angeles are interred throughout the property. The cemetery is active and regularly hosts community events, including music, the cemetery, the only one actually in Hollywood, was founded in 1899 on 100 acres and called Hollywood Cemetery by F. W. </ref></ref> Incorporated. The Hollywood Cemetery Association filed articles of incorporation yesterday, </ref> The cemetery sold off large tracts to Paramount Studios, which, with RKO Studios, bought 40 acres by 1920. Part of the land was set aside for the Beth Olam Cemetery, a dedicated Jewish burial ground. In 1939, Jules Roth, a felon and millionaire, bought a 51% stake in the cemetery. He used the money from the operations to pay for personal luxuries while allowing the cemetery and crematory to fall into disrepair. At the time of her death, Hollywood Memorial, like other cemeteries, was segregated, on the 47th anniversary of McDaniels death, the cemeterys current owner dedicated a cenotaph in her honor at a prime location south of Sylvan Lake. The crematory was shut down in July,1974 after the cremation of singer Cass Elliot, according to the cemetery grounds supervisor Daniel Ugarte, the crematory was in such disrepair that bricks began falling in around Elliots body. By the 1980s, the California Cemetery Board began receiving complaints from the families of people interred there. Family members complained that the grounds were not kept up and were disturbed to hear stories about vandalism on the cemetery grounds, the heirs of well-known makeup artist Max Factor moved his and other Factor family remains after the mausoleum sustained water damage that discolored the walls. In the late 1980s, to settle tax bills and maintain his lavish lifestyle and those lawns are now strip malls which house, among other businesses, an auto parts store and a laundromat. After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Roth couldnt afford to repair the roofs, by that time, Hollywood Memorial was no longer making money and only generated revenue by charging families $500 for disinterments. In 1997, Roth became ill after he fell in his Hollywood Hills home and he had been embroiled in a scandal regarding another cemetery he owned, Lincoln Memorial Park, in Carson, California. Roth died on January 4,1998, and he was interred next to his wife Virginia, his father, the state of California had revoked the cemeterys license to sell its remaining interment spaces. After Roths death, it was discovered that the cemeterys endowment care fund, meant to care for the cemetery in perpetuity, was missing about $9 million, according to the current owner. Those owners, Tyler and Brent Cassity, purchased the now 62-acre property which was on the verge of closure in a bankruptcy proceeding, in 1998 for $375,000
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Trailer (promotion)
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A trailer is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, the result of creative and technical work. The term trailer comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film screening. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, trailers are now shown before the film begins. Movie trailers have now become popular on DVDs and Blu-rays, as well as on the Internet, of some 10 billion videos watched online annually, film trailers rank third, after news and user-created video. The trailer format has also adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books. Trailers were initially shown after, or trailing, the feature film, the practice was found to be somewhat ineffective, often ignored by audiences who left immediately after the feature. Later, exhibitors changed their practice and trailers were only one part of the program which included cartoon shorts, newsreels. Most trailers had some form of narration and those that did featured stentorian voices, in the early 1960s, the face of motion picture trailers changed. Textless, montage trailers and quick-editing became popular, largely due to the arrival of the new Hollywood and techniques that were becoming increasingly popular in television. Among the trend setters were Stanley Kubrick with his montage trailers for Lolita, Dr. Strangelove or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, and 2001, A Space Odyssey. Kubricks main inspiration for the Dr. Strangelove trailer was the short film Very Nice, as more and more animated films were produced, the need for outstanding voice actors steadily progressed not only for the movies but also for movie trailers, commercials, and promos. Thus, the industry saw a number of professional voice artists. One of the most famous voice personalities for the generation is Don LaFontaine who recorded hundreds of thousands of commercials. LaFontaine recorded his first voice over in 1962 for a movie trailer, from then on, he was able to set the standard for how movie trailers were written and voiced, literally becoming the voice of the movies. Most VHS tapes would play them at the beginning of the tape, VHS tapes that contained trailers at the end usually reminded the viewer to Stay tuned after the feature for more previews. With DVDs and Blu-rays, trailers can operate as a bonus feature instead of having to watch through the trailers before the movie, trailers consist of a series selected shots from the film being advertised. For this purpose the scenes are not necessarily in the order in which appear in the film. A trailer has to achieve that in less than 2 minutes and 30 seconds, each studio or distributor is allowed to exceed this time limit once a year, if they feel it is necessary for a particular film
7.
Advertisement film
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A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs, Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately-owned television networks. As of 2016 the vast majority of television advertisements consist of advertising spots. Advertisements of this sort have promoted a variety of goods, services. The effects of television advertising upon the public have been the subject of philosophical discourse by such luminaries as Marshall McLuhan. In many countries, including the United States, television advertisements are considered indispensable for a political campaign. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as Norway, completely ban political advertisements. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00, displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase Bulova Watch Time, appeared in the lower quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK went to air on ITV on September 22,1955, the first TV ad broadcast in Asia appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August 28,1953, advertising Seikosha, it also displayed a clock with the current time. To accomplish the first step means different things in different parts of the world depending on the regulation in place, in the UK for example, clearance must be given by the body Clearcast. Another example is Venezuela where clearance is governed by a body called CNAC, the clearance provides guarantee to the broadcasters that the content of the advertisement meets legal guidelines. Because of this, special extended clearance sometimes applies to food, after the advent of cheap video software and consumer cameras, numerous individuals have offered video production services on the internet. Some of these ad jingles or catch-phrases may take on lives of their own, spawning gags that appear in films, television shows, magazines, comics, or literature. These long-lasting advertising elements may be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to whom they appeared. An example is the phrase, Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Variations of this dialogue and direct references to it appeared as long as two decades after the advertising campaign expired, another example is Wheres the Beef. which grew so popular it was used in the 1984 presidential election by Walter Mondale. Another popular catch-phrase is Ive fallen and I cant get up, Advertising agencies often use humor as a tool in their creative marketing campaigns
8.
Video game
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A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word video in video game referred to a raster display device. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial, the electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms, examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices, the input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a persons hands and body. Players typically view the game on a screen or television or computer monitor, or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and, in the 2010s, some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, force feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets. In the 2010s, the game industry is of increasing commercial importance, with growth driven particularly by the emerging Asian markets and mobile games. As of 2015, video games generated sales of USD74 billion annually worldwide, early games used interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest example is from 1947—a Cathode ray tube Amusement Device was filed for a patent on 25 January 1947, by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on 14 December 1948, as U. S. Written by MIT students Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanens on a DEC PDP-1 computer in 1961, and the hit ping pong-style Pong, used the DEC PDP-1s vector display to have two spaceships battle each other. In 1971, Computer Space, created by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, was the first commercially sold and it used a black-and-white television for its display, and the computer system was made of 74 series TTL chips. The game was featured in the 1973 science fiction film Soylent Green, Computer Space was followed in 1972 by the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home console. Modeled after a late 1960s prototype console developed by Ralph H. Baer called the Brown Box and these were followed by two versions of Ataris Pong, an arcade version in 1972 and a home version in 1975 that dramatically increased video game popularity. The commercial success of Pong led numerous other companies to develop Pong clones and their own systems, the game inspired arcade machines to become prevalent in mainstream locations such as shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants, and convenience stores. The game also became the subject of articles and stories on television and in newspapers and magazines. Space Invaders was soon licensed for the Atari VCS, becoming the first killer app, the term platform refers to the specific combination of electronic components or computer hardware which, in conjunction with software, allows a video game to operate. The term system is commonly used
9.
Teaser campaign
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These advertisements are called teasers or teaser ads. A teaser trailer for a film, television program, video game or similar, is usually released long in advance of the product. An early example of the trailer was the one for the 1978 Superman film by Richard Donner. The film was nearly a year late, it was designed to re-invigorate interest in the release. Teaser campaigns, or teaser advertising, can be defined as a set of communication activities designed to arouse interest without giving too much away. By doing this, brands can gain knowledge on how consumers are responding to aspects of the product before it is finalized and make changes if needed. Teasers can also be used to attention to a unique element of a brand rather than separate it completely from the market. Teaser campaigns allow brands to introduce themselves in a controlled and desired way in an attempt to change the publics current perception of the brand. Teaser campaigns from known brands give space for both the advertiser and the consumer to feel out the market before rebranding. When companies decided to present a product to the again in a different light, teasers can be successful in rebranding and creating fresh excitement for their products. Teaser campaigns are the creative advertising strategy which bodes well if a brand wants to be perceived as innovative. Through inter-related advertising content, the brand has the chance to reveal to the small parts of the final message at its own pace. Often, the messages the audience are receiving are so imaginative, a good example of this was internet campaign “Got Milk”. This served as a sort of public service announcement to increase nutritional awareness, teaser campaigns increase business to consumer interaction through dialogue. The advertisements start discussions between consumers, media outlets and on social media, teaser campaigns are a good way to create a business to consumer bond by forcing the audience to follow the campaigns journey in order to piece together the message. Film teasers are usually made for big-budget and popularly themed movies and their purpose is less to tell the audience about a movies content than simply to let them know that the movie is coming up in the near future, and to add to the hype of the upcoming release. Teaser trailers are made while the film is still in production or being edited. Often they contain no dialogue and some have made for use in the trailer only
10.
Nickname
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A nickname is a substitute for the proper name of a familiar person, place, or thing, for affection or ridicule. The term hypocoristic is used to refer to a nickname of affection between those in love or with an emotional bond, compared with a term of endearment. The term diminutive name refers to nicknames that convey smallness, hence something regarded with affection or familiarity, the distinction between the two is often blurred. It is a form of endearment and amusement, as a concept, it is distinct from both pseudonym and stage name, and also from a title, although there may be overlap in these concepts. A moniker also means a nickname or personal name, the word often distinguishes personal names from nicknames that became proper names out of former nicknames. English examples are Bob and Rob, nickname variants for Robert, a nickname is often considered desirable, symbolising a form of acceptance, but can sometimes be a form of ridicule. The compound word ekename, literally meaning additional name, was attested as early as 1303 and this word was derived from the Old English phrase eaca an increase, related to eacian to increase. By the fifteenth century, the misdivision of the syllables of the phrase an ekename led to its reanalysis as a nekename, though the spelling has changed, the pronunciation and meaning of the word have remained relatively stable ever since. However, it is common for the nickname to be identified after a comma following the full real name or later in the body of the text. The middle name is generally eliminated, especially in speech, like English, German uses quotation marks between the first and last names. The latter may cause confusion because it resembles an English convention sometimes used for married, in Viking societies, many people had heiti, viðrnefni, or kenningarnöfn which were used in addition to, or instead of the first name. Slaves have often used nicknames, so that the master who heard about someone doing something could not identify the slave, in capoeira, a Brazilian martial art, the slaves had nicknames to protect them from being caught, as practising capoeira was illegal for decades. In Anglo-American culture, a nickname is based on a shortening of a persons proper name. However, in societies, this may not necessarily be the case. For example, my nickname is farmer Phil In Indian society, for example, generally people have at least one nickname, Indian nicknames very often are a trivial word or a diminutive. In Australian society, Australian men will often give ironic nicknames, for example, a man with red hair will be given the nickname Blue or Bluey. A tall man will be called Shorty, an obese person Slim, in England, some nicknames are traditionally associated with a persons surname. A man with the surname Clark will be nicknamed Nobby, the surname Miller will have the nickname Dusty, there are several other nicknames linked traditionally with a persons surname, including Chalky White, Bunny Warren, Tug Wilson, and Spud Baker
11.
GEICO
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The Government Employees Insurance Company is an American auto insurance company headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland. It is the second largest auto insurer in the United States and it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway that as of 2015 provided coverage for more than 22 million motor vehicles owned by more than 14 million policy holders. GEICO writes private passenger automobile insurance in all 50 U. S. states, GEICO sells its policies through local agents, called GEICO Field Representatives, and over the phone directly to the consumer, and through their website. Its mascot is a gold dust day gecko with a Cockney accent, GEICO is well known in popular culture for its advertising, having made a large number of commercials intended to entertain viewers. GEICO was founded in 1936 by Leo Goodwin Sr. and his wife Lillian Goodwin to provide insurance directly to federal government employees. Despite the presence of the government in its name, GEICO has always been a private corporation not affiliated with any government organization. An important figure in GEICOs history is David Lloyd Kreeger, who became president of the company in 1964, in 1948, he formed a group of investors who bought into GEICO right before it went public that year. He became senior vice president and general counsel of the company, six years after becoming president of GEICO in 1964, he was named chairman and chief executive officer. He retained those titles until he retired in 1975 and he continued as chairman of the executive committee until 1979, when he was named honorary chairman. S. auto insurer. By 1975, it was clear that GEICO had expanded far too rapidly when it reported a $126.5 million loss. To prevent GEICO from collapsing, a consortium of 45 insurance companies agreed to take over a quarter of its policies and it took five years and a massive reorganization to set GEICO on the path to recovery. GEICO has also offered other types of insurance besides auto, including homeowners insurance from 1962 to 1996, a sister company, the Government Employees Life Insurance Company, offered life insurance from 1975 to 1985. In 1996, after years as a publicly traded firm. GEICO generally deals directly with consumers via telephone and internet, however, GEICO is now the second largest writer of private auto insurance in the United States. The policy, which is issued through GEICOs commercial department, has received praise from insurance experts, in 2016, J. D. Power rated the company #20 out of 24 for overall purchase experience, with a 2/5 score. Presidential candidate Donald Trump called for a boycott of the company, GEICO has many well-known ad campaigns. In 2012 GEICO spent over $1.1 billion in advertising, all are made and produced by The Martin Agency, which is based in Richmond, Virginia. GEICO ads have featured several well-known mascots, including, The GEICO Gecko is the most prevalent spokesperson mascot, Maxwell, the GEICO Piggy who shouts a long Whee and appears in more radio and TV commercials
12.
Mega Millions
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Mega Millions is an American multi-jurisdictional lottery game, it is offered in 44 states, the District of Columbia, and the U. S. Virgin Islands. A cash value option, when chosen by a jackpot winner, Mega Millions current format began on October 19,2013, its first drawing was October 22. Mega Millions uses a 5/75 plus 1/15 double matrix to select its winning numbers, of the 46 Mega Millions jurisdictions, all but California offer an option, called Megaplier where non-jackpot prizes are multiplied by 2,3,4, or 5. The Megaplier was made available to all Mega Millions jurisdictions in Jan 2011, Mega Millions is drawn at 11p. m. Eastern Time on Tue and Fri evenings, including holidays, Mega Millions is administered by a consortium of its 12 original lotteries, the drawings are held at the studios of ABC affiliate WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia, supervised by the Georgia Lottery. The 2 jackpot-winning tickets were sold in San Jose, California, the largest jackpot in Mega Millions history was $656 million annuity value for the March 30,2012 drawing, in which there were 3 jackpot-winning tickets,1 each in Illinois, Kansas, and Maryland. All 3 tickets had been claimed by April 18, with set of winners choosing the cash option of $158 million. The largest Mega Millions prize was $326 million for the winning ticket of the Nov 4,2014 drawing. Montana was the 1st jurisdiction to add either game after the cross-sell expansion, Nebraska, Oregon, Arizona, Maine, Colorado and South Dakota also have joined Mega Millions since the expansion. As of Jan 2016, there are 46 lotteries offering Mega Millions and Powerball, before the agreement, the only stores which sold Mega Millions and Powerball tickets were retailers whose business was on a border between jurisdictions which sold competing games. Powerball replaced Lotto*America in April 1992, Mega Millions replaced The Big Game in May 2002, the states of Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada, and Utah do not sell lottery tickets. In 2013, Wyoming became the 44th state to establish a lottery, tickets for The Big Game began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on Aug 31,1996. The Big Game was the brainchild of the then-lottery directors Rebecca Paul and Penelope W. Kyle The Big Game initially was drawn weekly, beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined The Big Game, the jurisdiction to enter as a participant before The Big Game became Mega Millions in 2002. Ohio and New York joined the consortium on May 15,2002, when the game was renamed The Big Game Mega Millions, temporarily retaining the old name, the Big Money Ball became the Mega Ball. The 1st Mega Millions drawing was held 2 days later on May 17, the Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery. The 1st 3 lotteries to join Mega Millions were Washington, Texas, Montana joined Mega Millions on March 1,2010, the 1st addition to Mega Millions after the cross-sell expansion. The Texas Lottery owns the trademark to Megaplier, on June 24,2005, to commemorate California joining Mega Millions, that nights drawing was held in Hollywood, with Carrie Underwood assisting host Glenn Burns for the draw
13.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
14.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
15.
United States military bands
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United States military bands include musical ensembles maintained by the United States Army, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Air Force, and United States Coast Guard. During the colonial period, most British army units posted in the area that would become the United States had bands attached, the first recorded instance of a local American military band was in 1653 in the New Hampshire militia. The oldest extant United States military band is the United States Marine Corps Band, formed in 1798, currently, the U. S. armed forces field eleven premier ensembles, as well as more than 100 smaller, active-duty and reserve bands. Most bands of the U. S. armed forces reconfigure into combat units during wartime during which they have non-musical responsibilities, including guarding prisoners of war, all U. S. military bands are composed of regularly enlisted or commissioned military personnel. One exception to this is the U. S. Coast Guard Pipe Band, for hundreds of years, military forces have used music to signal their troops. According to research by the U. S, armed Forces School of Music, the first complete military band in the American colonies was organized in New Hampshire in 1653 with an instrumentation of 15 oboes and two drums. At the outset of the American Revolution, United States military units primarily relied on fife, I never felt such a sensation before—it seemed to crown our disgrace. In the enabling legislation authorizing the creation of the Marines, Congress authorized the funding of a Drum-Major, Fife Major and 32 musicians. This band, the U. S. Marine Band, as of 2015 remains the oldest extant military music organization in the United States and, indeed, the establishment of regular U. S. armed forces brought with it a standardization of uniforms. The modern bugle was first introduced to American military units around the time of the War of 1812, during that conflict, only the Rifle Regiment was authorized to use the bugle. All other American forces were required to continue using the traditional American fife, gradually, however, bugles became more widely adopted by the United States military. In 1855 United States Marine Band director Francesco Scala adopted the helmet for that bands drum-major in emulation of European trends. At the time of the American Civil War, U. S. Army bands had a strength of 24 musicians for infantry units. The proposal was shelved in the face of opposition from officers and soldiers, however, nonetheless, a survey in October 1861 found that 75-percent of Union regiments had a band and, by December of that year, the Union Army had 28,000 musicians in 618 bands. Bandsmen were also, for the first time, tasked with performing duties in addition to musical performance, frequently as stretcher-bearers. Musicians were often given special privileges, Union general Phillip Sheridan gave his cavalry bands the best horses and special uniforms, believing music has done its share, and more than its share, in winning this war. By the early 1900s military bands were being established in the reaches of the American colonial empire. Most notable among them was the Philippine Constabulary Band under the direction of Walter Loving, the regimental bands of these newly formed units were frequently led by black blues and jazz musicians experienced performing in the clubs of New York and Chicago
16.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
17.
Dr. Strangelove
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The film was directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick, stars Peter Sellers and George C. Scott, and features Sterling Hayden, Keenan Wynn, and Slim Pickens, production took place in the United Kingdom. The film is based on Peter Georges thriller novel Red Alert. The story concerns an unhinged United States Air Force general who orders a first strike nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. It follows the President of the United States, his advisers, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and it separately follows the crew of one B-52 bomber as they try to deliver their payload. Dr. Strangelove is widely regarded as one of cinemas greatest comedies, in 1989, the United States Library of Congress included it in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. It was listed as three on AFIs 100 Years.100 Laughs list. United States Air Force Brigadier General Jack D. Ripper is commander of Burpelson Air Force Base, the 843rd is currently in-flight on airborne alert, two hours from their targets inside Russia. General Ripper orders his executive officer, Group Captain Lionel Mandrake of the UK Royal Air Force, Ripper also issues Wing Attack Plan R to the patrolling aircraft, one of which is commanded by Major T. J. King Kong. Mandrake discovers that no war order has been issued by the Pentagon and tries to stop Ripper, Ripper tells Mandrake that he believes the Soviets have been using fluoridation of United States water supplies to pollute the precious bodily fluids of Americans. Mandrake now realizes that Ripper is insane. C, Muffley orders the Army chief to storm the base and arrest General Ripper. Turgidson attempts to convince Muffley to let the attack continue, instead, he brings Soviet ambassador Alexei de Sadeski into the War Room, to telephone Soviet premier Dimitri Kissov on the hot line. Muffley warns the Premier of the attack and offers to reveal the planes positions. The device cannot be dismantled or untriggered, as it is programmed to explode if any attempt is made. When the Presidents wheelchair-bound scientific advisor, former-Nazi Dr. Meanwhile, United States Army forces arrive at Burpelson, still sealed by Rippers order, Ripper kills himself, while Mandrake identifies Rippers CRM code from his desk blotter and relays this code to the Pentagon. Using the recall code, SAC successfully recalls all of the aircraft except one, Muffley discloses the planes target to help the Soviets find it, but Major Kong, his fuel dwindling, has selected a closer target. As the plane approaches the new target, the crew is unable to open the bomb bay doors. Major Kong enters the bay and repairs the broken electric wiring
18.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
19.
Gunfighters of Casa Grande
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Gunfighters of Casa Grande is a 1964 Eurowestern film, co-produced by American and Spanish producers. The film starred Alex Nicol, Jorge Mistral, Dick Bentley, Steve Rowland, Phil Posner, Mercedes Alonso, Diana Lorys, Maria Granada, Roberto Rey, antonio Mayans and José Manuel Martín both had minor appearances in the film, Martin having an uncredited role. The films trailer was narrated by voice actor Don LaFontaine in his first credited role. He had been working as recording engineer and copy writer when, after the original failed to appear for the scheduled recording. Joe Daylight is on the run along with members of his gang, The Kid, Doc. After fleeing from a robbery, they manage to elude the posse chasing them after crossing into Mexico. The gang had agreed to meet up later to divide up the money, however Daylight instead tells them that he has used the money to buy a hacienda, although several of them protest, the gang agrees to follow Daylight to the ranch. He also enlists a mystical Mexican gunfighter called ”Viajero” – who knows the neighbourhood and comes from a haciendero family – to help him fit into the role of a Mexican hacienda owner, however, his comrades soon adapt to life on the ranch. The Traveller and The Kid meet two women named Dona Maria de Castellar and Pacesita, with whom they fall in love. Daylights plans are threatened by another bandit gang led by Rojo. Organizing the local ranchers against the bandits, they succeed in destroying Rojo and this has an unintended consequence however as Daylights men have decided to remain at Casa Grande. He and his men begin to argue and, during the course of events, shoots, with their former leader dead, the men stay on the ranch and The Traveller and Maria begin a new life on the Casa Grande. Alex Nicol as Joe Daylight — an outlaw and professional gambler, Jorge Mistral as The Traveller — a recent member of the gang, he is the most outspoken of the group questioning Daylights leadership. Steve Rowland as The Kid — the youngest member of the gang, although reluctantly supporting Daylight, he and The Traveller eventually side against him. Dick Bentley as Doc — one Daylights three partners, he is an elderly outlaw, although less vocal, he wishes to retire in Mexico with the others. Phil Posner as Henri — another of Daylights partners, Mercedes Alonso as Dona Maria de Castellar — the daughter of a neighboring rancher, she falls in love with The Traveller. Diana Lorys as Gitana — the girlfriend of Joe Daylight, Maria Granada as Pacesita — the personal maid and confidant of Maria, she and The Kid also become involved romantically. Roberto Rey as Don Castellar de Verdugo — a neighboring rancher and landowner and he is the father of Maria de Castellar
20.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
21.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
22.
Integrated Services Digital Network
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It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the system was viewed as a way to transport voice. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, the ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface, Primary Rate Interface, Narrowband ISDN, and Broadband ISDN. It offers circuit-switched connections, and packet-switched connections, in increments of 64 kilobit/s, in some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a data rate, typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs are bonded. ISDN is employed as the network, data-link and physical layers in the context of the OSI model, or could be considered a suite of digital services existing on layers 1,2, and 3 of the OSI model. In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, Integrated services refers to ISDNs ability to deliver at minimum two simultaneous connections, in any combination of data, voice, video, and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be attached to the line, and used as needed and that means an ISDN line can take care of most peoples complete communications needs at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple analog phone lines. It also refers to integrated switching and transmission in that telephone switching, the entry level interface to ISDN is the Basic Rate Interface, a 128 kbit/s service delivered over a pair of standard telephone copper wires. The 144 kbit/s payload rate is broken down into two 64 kbit/s bearer channels and one 16 kbit/s signaling channel and this is sometimes referred to as 2B+D. The T interface is an interface between a computing device and a terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a modem. The S interface is a bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into. The R interface defines the point between a device and a terminal adapter which provides translation to and from such a device. BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is less common in North America. It is also common in Japan — where it is known as INS64, the other ISDN access available is the Primary Rate Interface, which is carried over an E1 in most parts of the world. An E1 is 30 B channels of 64 kbit/s, one D channel of 64 kbit/s and this is often referred to as 30B+2D. In North America PRI service is delivered on one or more T1 carriers of 1544 kbit/s, a PRI has 23 B channels and 1 D channel for signalling. Inter-changeably but incorrectly, a PRI is referred to as T1 because it uses the T1 carrier format, a true T1 uses 24 channels of 64 kbit/s of in-band signaling
23.
Hollywood Hills
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The Hollywood Hills are a part of the Santa Monica Mountains and also a hillside neighborhood of the same name in the central region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The Hollywood Hills are the part of the Santa Monica Mountains and it includes Forest Lawn Memorial Park, the Hollywood Reservoir, the Hollywood Sign, the Hollywood Bowl and the John Anson Ford Theater. Hollywood Hills is bisected southeast-northwest by US101, relation of the Hollywood Hills to nearby areas, The neighborhood of Hollywood Hills includes the Hollywood Bowl and Forest Lawn Memorial Park as well as two private and three public schools. The population was estimated at 22,988 in 2008, the median age for residents was 37, considered old for the city and the county. The percentages of residents aged 19 through 64 were among the countys highest, the neighborhood is not particularly diverse for the city, the diversity index being 0.433, and the percentage of white people is considered high, at 74. 1%. Latinos make up 9. 4%, Asians are at 6. 7%, African American at 4. 6%, the median household income in 2008 dollars was $69,277, considered high for the city but about average for the county. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, the average household size of 1.8 people was relatively low. Renters occupied 56. 5% of the units, and homeowners the rest. In 2000, there were 270 families headed by single parents, or 6. 9%, in 2000,54. 8% of residents aged 25 and older held a four-year degree, considered high when compared with the city and the county as a whole. Davies, Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, active against gravel extraction in the hills Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Times Hollywood Hills crime map and statistics
24.
The Cannon Group, Inc.
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The Cannon Group, Inc. was an American group of companies, including Cannon Films, which produced a distinctive line of low-to medium-budget films from 1967 to 1994. Cannon Films was incorporated on October 23,1967 and it was formed by Dennis Friedland and Chris Dewey while they were in their early 20s. They had immediate success producing English-language versions of Swedish soft porn films directed by Joseph W. Sarno, Inga, aka Jag - en oskuld and To Ingrid, My Love, Lisa, aka Kvinnolek. By 1970, they had produced films on a production scale than a lot of major distributors, such as Joe. They managed this by limiting their budgets to $300,000 per picture—or less. However, as the 1970s moved on, a string of unsuccessful movies seriously drained Cannon’s capital and this, along with changes to film-production tax laws, led to a drop in Cannons stock price. By 1979, Cannon had hit financial difficulties, and Friedland and Dewey sold Cannon to Israeli cousins Menahem Golan. The two cousins forged a business model of buying bottom-barrel scripts and putting them into production and they tapped into a ravenous market for action B-pictures in the 1980s. Although they are most remembered for the Death Wish sequels and Chuck Norris action pictures such as The Delta Force, one of Cannon’s biggest hits was the Vietnam action B-movie Missing in Action, with Chuck Norris. The film, however, was criticized heavily as being a preemptive cash-in on the Rambo film series, james Camerons story treatment for Rambo, First Blood Part II was floating around Hollywood in 1983, which Golan and Globus reviewed and were inspired by. The writers of MIA even gave Cameron credit saying their film was inspired by his script treatment, but Cannon had initially put the prequel Missing in Action 2, The Beginning into production. Only after the two movies were completed had the company realized that the second movie was superior to the first one. So, the first movie produced became an awkward prequel, substantial pre-sales of the next years films were made based on the strong salesmanship skills of Globus, and the advertising created by Design Projects. Slavenburgs Bank in the Netherlands provided bridge financing until the pre-sales amounts were collected, by 1986, when company earnings reached their apex with 43 films in one year, Cannon Films shares had soared a hundredfold. Golan remained Chairman of the Board, while Globus served as President, during this year, Cannon Films released Robotech, The Movie for a limited run in Mesquite, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. Cannon was reportedly unsatisfied with Carl Macek’s first version of the movie and it was at their insistence that footage from The Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross and Megazone 23 be spliced together to produce a more action-oriented movie. Macek recalls that although he was unhappy with this version, Menahem Golan, after viewing it, happily said. Nevertheless, Robotech, The Movie was unsuccessful in its brief Texas run, Carl Macek has gone on record as disowning it
25.
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
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Terminator 2, Judgment Day is a 1991 American science-fiction action film co-written, produced and directed by James Cameron. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick and it is the sequel to the 1984 film The Terminator, and the second installment in the Terminator franchise. A second, less advanced Terminator is also sent back in time to protect John, after a troubled pre-production characterized by legal disputes, Mario Kassar of Carolco Pictures emerged with the franchises property rights in early 1990. This paved the way for the completion of the screenplay by a Cameron-led production team, the production of Terminator 2 required a $102 million budget making it the most expensive film made up to that point. Much of the massive budget was spent on filming and special effects. The film was released on July 3,1991, in time for the U. S, Terminator 2 was a critical and commercial success and influenced popular culture, especially the use of visual effects in films. It received many accolades, including four Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, Best Makeup, in 1995, John Connor is living in Los Angeles with foster parents. Skynet sends a new Terminator, designated as T-1000, back in time to kill John, the T-1000 arrives under a freeway, kills a policeman and assumes his identity. Meanwhile, the future John Connor has sent back a reprogrammed T-800 Terminator to protect his young counterpart, the Terminator and the T-1000 converge on John in a shopping mall, and a chase ensues after which John and the Terminator escape together on a motorcycle. Fearing that the T-1000 will kill Sarah in order to get to him and they encounter Sarah as she is escaping from the hospital, although she is initially reluctant to trust the T-800. After the trio escapes from the T-1000 in a police car, in addition, it would create machines that will hunt and kill the remnants of humanity. Finding him at his home, she wounds him but finds herself unable to kill him in front of his family, John and the Terminator arrive and inform Dyson of the future consequences of his work. They learn that much of his research has been engineered from the damaged CPU. Convincing him that these items and his designs must be destroyed, they break into the Cyberdyne building and retrieve the CPU, the police arrive and Dyson is shot, but he manages to trigger several explosives, destroying the lab and his research while sacrificing himself. The T-1000 relentlessly pursues the trio, eventually cornering them in a steel mill. The T-1000 and the Terminator engage in combat, with the advanced model severely damaging its adversary. The T-800 is seemingly shut down until its emergency back-up system brings it back online, the T-1000 nearly kills John and Sarah until the T-800 appears and shoots it into a vat of molten steel with an M79 grenade launcher, destroying it. John tosses the arm and CPU of the original Terminator into the vat as well, as Sarah expresses relief that the ordeal is over, the Terminator explains that to ensure that he is not used for reverse engineering he must also be destroyed
26.
Shrek
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Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debut. It features the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and it is loosely based on William Steigs 1990 fairy tale picture book Shrek. and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous childrens fantasies. The films soundtrack music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, The Proclaimers, Jason Wade, Baha Men. The rights to Steigs book were bought by Steven Spielberg in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks. However, John H. Shrek originally cast Chris Farley to do the voice for the title character, recording about 80%–90% of his dialogue. After Farley died in 1997 before he could finish, Mike Myers was brought in to work for the character, who after his first recording decided to record his voice in a Scottish accent. The film was originally planned to be motion-captured, but after poor results. The film grossed $484.4 million at the box office. Shrek also received promotion from food chains such as Baskin-Robbins and Burger King and it was acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humour to appeal to children. Shrek won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the films main character was awarded his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010. Shrek established DreamWorks Animation as a competitor to Pixar in feature film animation. A fifth film, planned as the last of the series, was cancelled in 2009 with the announcement that the film would conclude the series. However, the film was revived in 2016, with a planned release for 2019/2020. The films success inspired other merchandise, such as video games, a stage musical. Shrek, an ogre who loves the solitude in his swamp. Shrek tells them that he will go ask Farquaad to send them back and he brings along a talking Donkey, who is the only fairytale creature who knows the way to Duloc. Meanwhile, Farquaad tortures the Gingerbread Man into giving the location of the fairytale creatures until his guards rush in with something he has been searching for. He asks The Mirror if his kingdom is the fairest of all but is told that he is not even a king
27.
Friday the 13th (1980 film)
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Friday the 13th is a 1980 American slasher film directed by Sean S. Cunningham and written by Victor Miller. Prompted by the success of John Carpenters Halloween, the film was made on a budget of $550,000 and released by Paramount Pictures in the United States. When originally released, the film received reviews from film critics. In the years followed, retrospective reviews for the film have been more positive. In the summer of 1958 at Camp Crystal Lake, two camp counselors named Barry and Claudette sneak away from a campfire and into a storage barn, before they are able to have sex, an unseen assailant enters the barn and murders them both. Twenty one years later, newly hired counselor Annie Phillips enters a small diner, a friendly truck driver named Enos agrees to drive Annie halfway, while an elderly man named Crazy Ralph warns Annie against going, believing the camp has a death curse. During the drive, Enos tells Annie about a boy that drowned at Crystal Lake in 1957. After Enos drops her off, Annie hitches another ride from a second driver. At the camp, counselors Ned, Jack, Bill, Marcie, Brenda and Alice, along with the owner Steve Christy, refurbish the cabins, as a thunderstorm approaches, Steve leaves the campground to gather supplies. When Steve returns, he appears to recognize the killer before he is stabbed in the stomach. As Alice and Bill are the ones left, they leave to investigate after discovering a bloody axe in Brendas bed, the phones disconnected. When the power out, Bill goes to check on the generator and is killed off-screen. When Alice looks around for Bill, she finds his body pinned with arrows onto the shed door, seeing a vehicle pulling up, she rushes outside and is greeted by a middle-aged woman named Pamela Voorhees, who says she is an old friend of Steves. As Alice brings her inside, Pamela reveals that her son Jason was the boy who drowned in 1957, revealing herself as the killer, she turns violent and rushes toward Alice with a bowie knife. A chase ensues, in which Pamela attempts to kill Alice, following a confrontation in which Pamela is knocked out, Alice escapes to the shore, but Pamela finds her and attempts to kill her again. During the final struggle, Alice manages to decapitate her with a machete and she falls asleep inside a canoe, just as Alice awakens and sees police arriving, Jasons decomposing body suddenly emerges and drags her underwater. She then awakens in a hospital, where a police officer, when she asks about Jason, the officer says that there was no sign of any boy, to which Alice says Then hes still there. Friday the 13th was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, Cunningham, inspired by John Carpenters Halloween, wanted Friday the 13th to be shocking, visually stunning and you jump out of your seat
28.
Law & Order
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Law & Order is an American police procedural and legal drama television series, created by Dick Wolf and part of the Law & Order franchise. It originally aired on NBC and, in syndication, on cable networks. Law & Order premiered on September 13,1990, and completed its 20th, at the time of its cancellation, Law & Order was the longest-running crime drama on American primetime television. Its record of 20 seasons is a tie with Gunsmoke for the longest-running live-action scripted American prime-time series with ongoing characters, although it has fewer episodes than Gunsmoke, Law & Order ranks as the longest-running hour-long primetime TV series. Gunsmoke, for its first six seasons, was originally a half-hour program, plots are often based on real cases that recently made headlines, although the motivation for the crime and the perpetrator may be different. The show has been noted for its revolving cast over the years, the success of the series has led to the creation of additional shows, making Law & Order a franchise, with also a television film, several video games, and international adaptations of the series. It has won and has been nominated for awards over the years. On May 14,2010, NBC announced that it had canceled Law & Order, in July 2010, however, he indicated that those attempts had failed and declared that the series had now moved to the history books. However, in February 2015, rumors started that NBC was planning to bring the back for 10 episodes. In May 2015, former star Sam Waterston announced to The Hollywood Reporter that he supports and would join a revival of Law & Order, saying, Youre darn right. Creator Dick Wolf has expressed wanting to use a L&O revival to do a ripped from the headlines story-line surrounding the trial of Robert Durst. Everybody who knows me knows its something I want to do, he continued, at the 2015 Television Critics Association summer press tour, Wolf noted everyone wants a revival, It is a question of. Most of the involved are very successful in their careers. To try to get everything in sequence is more difficult than it looks on the outside. I would love to do it if we can make it work, in 1988, Dick Wolf developed a concept for a new television series that would depict a relatively optimistic picture of the American criminal justice system. He initially toyed with the idea of calling it Night & Day, the first half of each episode would follow two detectives and their commanding officer as they investigate a violent crime. The second half of the episode would follow the District Attorneys Office, through this, Law & Order would be able to investigate some of the larger issues of the day by focusing on stories that were based on real cases making headlines. Wolf took the idea to then-president of Universal Television Kerry McCluggage, who pointed out the similarity to a 1963 series titled Arrest and Trial, which lasted one season
29.
Batman Returns
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Batman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film, directed and produced by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. It is the installment of Warner Bros. initial Batman film series. The film introduces the characters of Max Shreck, a business tycoon who teams up with the Penguin to take over Gotham City. Burton originally did not want to direct another Batman film because of his mixed emotions toward the film in 1989. Warner Bros. developed a script with writer Sam Hamm which had the Penguin, Burton agreed to return after they granted him more creative control and replaced Hamm with Daniel Waters. Wesley Strick did a rewrite, removing the characters of Harvey Dent and Robin. Annette Bening was originally cast as Catwoman but became pregnant and was replaced with Pfeiffer, filming for Batman Returns started in June 1991 at Warner Bros. Batman Returns was released on June 19,1992, the film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects and Best Makeup, as well as two BAFTA awards. Batman Returnss budget was $80 million and it grossed $266.8 million worldwide, on a snowy Christmas night, Tucker and Esther Cobblepot throw their deformed infant child Oswald into Gotham River, fearing he would become a menace to society after attacking their pet cat. His crib floats to a zoo and is found by a flock of penguins who raise him as one of their own. 33 years later, three years after the defeat of the Joker, during the lighting of Gotham Citys Christmas tree, a former sideshow freak, Cobblepot explains his desire to become a respected citizen of Gotham and blackmails Shreck into helping him. Meanwhile, Shrecks secretary, Selina Kyle, inadvertently discovers her bosss plan to illegally monopolize Gothams supply of electricity, to protect his secrets, Shreck pushes her out of his office window. Falling through several canopies, Kyle miraculously survives but lies unconscious in an alley, a group of cats swarm around her and she suddenly regains consciousness. Shreck arranges for one of Cobblepots men to kidnap the Mayors infant son, as a reward, Cobblepot is given access to the Gotham City Archives, where he learns his real name, and that he is the last surviving member of his family. Meanwhile, the Mayor, persuaded by Wayne, refuses to give Shreck a construction permit for his power plant, Cobblepot orders his gang to attack downtown Gotham, ruining the Mayors reputation and giving Shreck the opportunity to propose Cobblepot as a replacement. Batman confronts Cobblepot, but Catwoman appears while firebombing Shrecks department store, after a fight in which Batman knocks her off a building, Catwoman survives by landing in a truck full of kitty litter. While traversing the rooftops to find the Ice Princess, Penguins goons disassemble the Batmobile, distracted by Catwoman, Batman is unable to stop Cobblepot from attacking the Princess using a swarm of captive bats. She falls to her death before Batman tries to save her, when Catwoman rejects Cobblepots amorous advances, he responds by attacking her with his motorized helicopter umbrella
30.
Biographical film
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A biographical film, or biopic, is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a person and the central characters real name is used. Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public, biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island, Custen, in Bio/Pics, How Hollywood Constructed Public History, regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era, and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck. On the other hand, Binghams 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway, ellen Cheshires Bio-Pics, a life in pictures examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list, christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, Taking Hollywood Back in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal. The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable, some biopics purposely stretch the truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized, casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person, anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett, Jr. an African American actor, also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American. Biographical novel Biography in literature List of biographical films
31.
The Elephant Man (film)
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The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick, a severely deformed man in late 19th century London. The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones. It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks, the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy and it was shot in black-and-white and featured make-up work by Christopher Tucker. The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, the film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards. It also won a French César Award for Best Foreign Film, London Hospital surgeon Frederick Treves finds John Merrick in a Victorian freak show in Londons East End, where he is kept by a Mr. Bytes. His head is hooded, and his owner, who views him as retarded, is paid by Treves to bring him to the hospital for exams. Treves presents Merrick to his colleagues and highlights his monstrous skull, on Merrick’s return he is beaten so badly by Bytes that he has to call Treves for medical help. Treves brings him back to the hospital, John is tended to by Mrs. Mothershead, the formidable matron, as the other nurses are too frightened of Merrick. Mr. Carr-Gomm, the hospitals Governor, is against housing Merrick, to prove that Merrick can make progress, Treves trains him to say a few conversational sentences. Carr-Gomm sees through this ruse, but as he is leaving, Merrick begins to recite the 23rd Psalm, Merrick tells the doctors that he knows how to read, and has memorized the 23rd Psalm because it is his favorite. Carr-Gomm permits him to stay, and Merrick spends his time practicing conversation with Treves, Merrick has tea with Treves and his wife, and is so overwhelmed by their kindness that he shows them his mothers picture. He believes he must have been a disappointment to his mother, Merrick begins to take guests in his rooms, including the actress Madge Kendal, who introduces him to the work of Shakespeare. Merrick quickly becomes an object of curiosity to high society, Treves begins to question the morality of his actions. Meanwhile, a porter named Jim starts selling tickets to locals. However, Merrick is shortly kidnapped by Mr. Bytes during one of Jims raucous late night showings, Mr. Bytes leaves England and takes Merrick on the road as a circus attraction once again. Treves confronts Jim about what he has done, and Mrs. Mothershead fires him, Merrick escapes from Bytes with the help of his fellow freakshow attractions. Upon returning to London, he is harassed through Liverpool Street station by several young boys, Merrick is chased, unmasked, and cornered by an angry mob. He cries, I am not an elephant, policemen return Merrick to the hospital and Treves
32.
WWE
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Capitol Wrestling Corporation Ltd. was an American professional wrestling promotion and the sanctioning body for the World Wide Wrestling Federation and later World Wrestling Federation. Founded by Jess McMahon and Toots Mondt in 1953, Capitol Wrestling Corporation is the precursor to todays WWE, run by Jess grandson, Jess McMahon was a successful boxing promoter who began working with Tex Rickard in 1926. With the help of Rickard, he began promoting boxing at the third Madison Square Garden, a few years prior, professional wrestler Toots Mondt had created a new challenge of professional wrestling that he called “Slam Bang Western Style Wrestling”. He convinced wrestler Ed Lewis and his manager Billy Sandow to implement this new solution, after much success, a disagreement over power caused the trio to dissolve and, with it, their promotion. Mondt later formed partnerships with other promoters, including Jack Curley in New York City. Mondt eventually took over the New York wrestling scene, due to the fact Curley was dying, with the aid of several bookers, together, McMahon and Mondt created the Capitol Wrestling Corporation Ltd. which later joined the National Wrestling Alliance in 1953. In November 1954, Jess McMahon died and Ray Fabiani, one of Mondts associates, both men left the company in protest following the incident and formed the WWWF in the process, awarding Rogers the new WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in April of that year. He lost the championship to Bruno Sammartino a month later on May 17,1963, after gaining a television program deal and turning preliminary wrestler Lou Albano as a manager for Sammartinos heel opponents, the WWWF was doing sell out business by 1970. Mondt left the company in the late 1960s and although the WWWF had withdrawn from the NWA, Vince McMahon, at the annual meeting of the NWA in 1983, the McMahons and WWF employee Jim Barnett all withdrew from the organization. By March 1979, for marketing purposes, the World Wide Wrestling Federation was renamed the World Wrestling Federation and that same year, Vincent J. McMahons son, Vincent K. McMahon, founded Titan Sports, Inc. incorporated on February 21,1980, originally in Massachusetts. In 1982, Titan Sports Inc. acquired Capitols operations, effectively relocating its headquarters to Greenwich, in an attempt to make the WWF the premier wrestling promotion in the world, McMahon began an expansion that fundamentally changed the industry. In the end, the elder McMahon would never live to see his company grow from a promotion to what is now a worldwide organization. He died from cancer at 69 years old on May 24,1984. By 1985, Titan moved to Stamford, Connecticut then establishing a new entity in 1987 in Delaware which later merged with the old company in 1988. Titan later changed its name to World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. before finally becoming World Wrestling Entertainment, list of independent wrestling promotions in the United States
33.
WCBS-TV
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WCBS-TV, channel 2, is the flagship station of the CBS Television Network, located in New York City. WCBS-TV is owned by the CBS Television Stations division of CBS Corporation, WCBS-TVs studios are located within the CBS Broadcast Center and its transmitter is based at the Empire State Building, both in midtown Manhattan. In the few areas of the eastern United States where a CBS station is not receivable over-the-air, WCBS is available on satellite via DirecTV and Dish Network. WCBS-TVs history dates back to CBS opening of experimental station W2XAB on July 21,1931 and its first broadcast featured New York Mayor Jimmy Walker, Kate Smith, and George Gershwin. The station had the first regular seven-day broadcasting schedule in American television, among its early programming included The Television Ghost, Helen Haynes and Piano Lessons. Announcer-director Bill Schudt was the only paid employee, all other staff were volunteers. W2XAB pioneered program development including small-scale dramatic acts, monologues, pantomime, on November 8,1932, W2XAB broadcast the first television coverage of presidential election returns. The station suspended operations on February 20,1933, as monochrome television transmission standards were in flux, W2XAB returned with an all-electronic system in 1939 from a new studio complex in Grand Central Station and a transmitter atop the Chrysler Building broadcasting on channel 2. W2XAB transmitted the first color broadcast in the United States on August 28,1940, on June 24,1941, W2XAB received a commercial construction permit and program authorization as WCBW. The station went on the air at 2,30 p. m. on July 1, one hour after rival WNBT, making it the second authorized fully commercial television station in the United States. The Federal Communications Commission issued permits to CBS and NBC at the time and intended WNBT and WCBW to sign on simultaneously on July 1. WCBWs initial broadcast was the first local newscast aired on a station in the country. Its assigned frequency was 60–66 MHz, now known as channel 3, program schedules were irregular through the summer and early fall of 1941. Regular daily operations began on October 29 and WCBW received a license to cover its construction permit. After the war, the FCC re-allocated the television and FM bands, WCBW closed down its operation on the old channel 2 at the end of February 1946 in order to move to a new channel 2 at 54–60 MHz. It quickly began operation on the new frequency, where it remained from the spring of 1946 until the end of analog full power television service in the spring of 2009. On February 26,1951, WCBS-TV became the first station to broadcast a regularly scheduled feature film series, on August 11,1951, WCBS-TV broadcast the first baseball game on color television, between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Braves from Ebbets Field. As were all programs at the time, it was transmitted via a field-sequential color system developed by CBS
34.
Jeopardy!
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Jeopardy. is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers. The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30,1964, a weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy. Ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979, the current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10,1984, and is still airing, making it by far the programs most successful incarnation. Both NBC versions and the syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming. Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show, since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. With over 7,000 episodes aired, the syndicated version of Jeopardy. has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No.45 on TV Guides list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history, Jeopardy. has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries. The daily syndicated series 33rd season premiered on September 12,2016, three contestants each take their place behind a lectern, with the returning champion occupying the leftmost lectern. The contestants compete in a quiz game comprising three rounds, Jeopardy, the material for the questions covers a wide variety of topics, including history and current events, the sciences, the arts, popular culture, literature, and languages. Category titles often feature puns, wordplay, or shared themes, rounds each feature six categories, each of which contains five clues, which are ostensibly valued by difficulty. The dollar values of the clues increased over time, Series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50. They ranged from $25 to $125, the current series first round originally ranged from $100 to $500, and were doubled to $200 to $1,000 on November 26,2001. Specials, clues were valued in points rather than in dollars, round begins when the returning champion selects a clue, which may be from any position on the game board. The clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring-in using a hand-held signaling device, the first contestant to ring-in successfully is prompted to provide a response to the clue, phrased in the form of a question. If the contestant responds correctly, the dollar value is added to the contestants score. An incorrect response, or a failure to respond within five seconds, deducts the clues value from the score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring-in. If no contestant responds correctly or does not know, the host gives the correct response, from the premiere of the original Jeopardy
35.
National Public Radio
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
36.
Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
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Dont Tell Me. is an hour-long weekly radio news panel game show produced by Chicago Public Radio and National Public Radio. It is distributed by NPR in the United States, internationally on NPR Worldwide and on the Internet via podcast, the show averages about 6 million weekly listeners on air and via podcast. Dont Tell Me. is recorded in front of an audience in Chicago at the Chase Auditorium beneath the Chase Tower on Thursday nights. Until May 2005, the show was recorded in one of Chicago Public Radios studios, with no audience, the show also often travels to various cities in the United States and produces a road show in front of a live audience for promotional and station-related purposes. The show is hosted by playwright and actor Peter Sagal, when the program had its debut in January 1998, Dan Coffey of Ask Dr. Science was the original host, but a revamping of the show led to his replacement in May of that year. Carl Kasell, who served as the newsreader on Morning Edition, was the shows official judge. In addition to Kurtis, Korva Coleman, Corey Flintoff, and Jean Cochran, each week, a panel of three humorists, journalists or comedians are chosen to participate in the program. Listeners also participate by telephoning or sending e-mails to nominate themselves as contestants, the producers select several listeners for each show and call them to appear on the program, playing various games featuring questions based on the weeks news. Dont Tell Me. feature the following games, occasionally introducing variations and one-time games, until Kasells retirement, the contestant must identify the speaker or explain the context of three quotations from that weeks major news stories as read by Bill Kurtis. Each answer is followed by a discussion of the story by Sagal. Two correct answers constitute a win, Peter Sagal asks the panelists questions regarding less-serious stories in the weeks news, awarding them one point for each correct answer. The answer is followed by a discussion of the story. In Bluff the Listener, a contestant hears three unusual stories based on a theme, with each panelist reading one story. Two of the stories are fictitious, while the third describes a genuine news story, the listener must determine which story is true and not a product of the panelists imaginations, and earns the prize if they guess correctly. The panelist who read the story the listener picks as true is awarded a point, a sound bite from the true story is played to reveal the answer. For a full list of Not My Job participants, see List of Wait Wait, Dont Tell Me. guests In the Not My Job segment, a celebrity guest calls in to be interviewed by Sagal and the panelists as well as take a three-question multiple-choice quiz. In Wait Waits early years, Not My Job guests were mainly culled from NPRs roster of personalities and reporters, as the segments title suggests, the guests are quizzed on topics that are not normally associated with their field of work. Two correct answers from the guest constitute a win, with the going to a randomly selected listener who contacted the show but was not chosen as an on-air contestant
37.
Carl Kasell
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Carl Kasell is an American radio personality, most widely known as a newscaster for National Public Radio and as the former official judge and scorekeeper of the weekly news quiz show Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. in 2014 and is now retired, a native of Goldsboro, North Carolina, Kasell was a student of drama in high school, where one of his mentors was Andy Griffith, then a high school drama instructor. Although Griffith urged Kasell to pursue a career in theatre, Kasell preferred radio, during his time at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he helped launch local radio station WUNC with fellow student Charles Kuralt. In an interview with Renée Montagne, just before his final broadcast on NPRs Morning Edition and he said that he hid behind the radio to fool passers-by into thinking they were listening to the radio when they in fact were hearing the young Kasell. Kasell worked as an announcer and DJ at a station in Goldsboro, North Carolina before moving to the Washington. He is a member of the North Carolina Journalism Hall of Fame, after leaving North Carolina, Kasell advanced to the position of news director at WAVA in Arlington, Virginia. As news director in Virginia, he hired Katie Couric, then a student at the University of Virginia, as an intern one summer, Kasell joined National Public Radios staff as a news announcer for Weekend All Things Considered in 1975. He was also the announcer for NPRs Morning Edition from its inception in 1979 through 2009. NPR launched its weekly news quiz Wait Wait, Dont Tell Me. in 1998, with Kasell as official judge and scorekeeper. Dont Tell Me. offers to its listener contestants is a recording of Kasells voice for their personal telephones answering machine or voice mail. Because this prize has been such a tradition for the show. In 1999, Kasell shared in the George Foster Peabody Award given to Morning Edition, on November 23,2009, NPR announced that Kasell would retire from newscasting at the end of 2009. Kasells final newscast aired on December 30,2009, Kasell continued to appear as the official scorer of Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. He also continued to work for NPR through fundraising and visits to member stations, during the August 7,2010 broadcast of Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. host Peter Sagal announced that Kasell had been voted into the National Radio Hall of Fame, for many years, Kasell was the announcer for the annual Kennedy Center Honors broadcast on CBS. In March 2013, Kasell was named North Carolinian of the Year by the North Carolina Press Association, on March 4,2014, NPR announced that Kasell would be stepping down from his Wait Wait. It was later announced that his last show would be May 17,2014, however, the prize for winning contestants on the show remains to this day Carl Kassels voice on your answering machine. On the morning of March 4,2014 Radio World magazine sent an email to its subscribers in which it reported that Kasell had died, a correction and an apology to Mr. Kasell and his fans was sent almost immediately
38.
Answering machine
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Unlike operator messaging the caller does not talk to a human. As land lines become less important, due to the shift to cell phone technology, and as unified communications matures, most 20th century answering machines used magnetic recording which Valdemar Poulsen invented in 1898. The creation of the first practical automatic answering device for telephones, many claim it was William Muller in 1935, but it could have been created already in 1931 by William Schergens whose device used phonographic cylinders. Ludwig Blattner promoted a telephone answering machine in 1929 based on his Blattnerphone magnetic recording technology, in 1935 inventor Benjamin Thornton developed a machine to record voice messages from the caller. The device reportedly also was able to track of the time the recordings were made. Although many sources maintain that he invented it in 1935, Thornton had actually filed a patent in 1930 for this machine, a commercial answering machine, the Tel-Magnet, offered in the United States in 1949, played outgoing messages and recorded incoming messages on a magnetic wire. It was priced at $200 but was not a commercial success, the Electronic Secretary used the then state-of-the-art technology of a 45 rpm record player for announcements and a wire recorder for message capture and playback. Electronic Secretary Industries was purchased in 1957 by General Telephone and Electronics, another commercially successful answering machine was the Ansafone created by inventor Dr. Kazuo Hashimoto, who was employed by a company called Phonetel. This company began selling the first answering machines in the US in 1960, Answering machines became more widely used after the restructuring of AT&T in 1984, which was when the machines became affordable and sales reached one million units per year in the US. James P Mitchell displayed a prototype of a digital outgoing message with a taped incoming system at an Iowa State University VEISHEA engineering openhouse in April 1982. This system won a award from the Engineering department. In 1983, Kazuo Hashimoto received a patent for an answering machine architecture with US Patent 4,616,110. The first digital answering machine brought to the market was AT&Ts 1337, mr. Hashimoto sued AT&T but quickly dropped the suit because the AT&T architecture was significantly different from his patent. This is useful if the owner is screening calls and does not wish to speak with all callers, in some cases the terminal equipment answering a call just sends a slightly modified ringback tone to the caller, while processing the protocol. Similarly, the equipment can end a call by going on-hook deliberately, because of some specific signalling. Most modern answering machines have a system for greeting, the owner may record a message that will be played back to the caller, or an automatic message will be played if the owner does not record one. This holds especially for the TADs with digitally stored greeting messages or for earlier machines with an endless loop tape, separate from a second cassette. There have been answer-only devices with no recording capabilities, where the message had to inform callers of a state of current unattainability
39.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a non-profit, tertiary 958-bed hospital and multi-specialty academic health science center located in Los Angeles, California. Part of the Cedars-Sinai Health System, the hospital employs a staff of over 2,000 physicians and 10,000 employees, a team of 2,000 volunteers and more than 40 community groups support a patient-base of over 16,000 people. Over 350 residents and fellows participate in more than 60 graduate medical education programs, Cedars-Sinai focuses on biomedical research and technologically advanced medical education—based on an interdisciplinary collaboration between physicians and clinical researchers. Cedars-Sinai is affiliated with the California Heart Center, University of Southern California and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles. As of 2013, U. S. News & World Report ranked Cedars-Sinai #13 out of hospitals across the United States and #3 in the western United States, behind only UCLA Medical Center and UCSF Medical Center. Located in the Harvey Morse Auditorium, Cedars-Sinais patient care is depicted in the Jewish Contributions to Medicine mural, the heart transplantation program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center has experienced unprecedented growth since 2010. Statistically, Cedars-Sinai currently performs more annual heart transplants than any medical center in the world. Founded and financed by businessman Kaspare Cohn, Cedars-Sinai was established as the Kaspare Cohn Hospital in 1902, the hospital had just 12 beds when it opened on September 21,1902, and its services were initially free. From 1906 to 1910, Dr. Sarah Vasen, the first female doctor in Los Angeles, in 1910, the hospital relocated and expanded to Stephenson Avenue, where it had 50 beds and a backhouse containing a 10-cot tubercular ward. It gradually transformed from a hospital to a general hospital. Cedars of Lebanon could accommodate 279 patients, in 1918, the Bikur Cholim Society opened a second Jewish hospital, the Bikur Cholim Hospice, when the Great Influenza Pandemic hit America. In 1921, the relocated to an eight-bed facility in Boyle Heights and was renamed Bikur Cholim Hospital. In 1923 the Bikur Cholim Hospital became Mount Sinai Home for the Incurables, on November 7,1926, a newly named Mount Sinai Hospital moved to a 50-bed facility on Bonnie Beach Place. In 1950, Emma and Hyman Levine donated their property adjacent to Beverly Hills, the original building stood until 1994, when it was damaged in the Northridge earthquake. Cedars of Lebanon and Mount Sinai Hospitals merged in 1961 to form Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, donations from the Max Factor Family Foundation allowed the construction of the current main hospital building, which broke ground on November 5,1972, and opened on April 3,1976. In 1994, the Cedars-Sinai Health System was established, comprising the Cedars-Sinai Medical Care Foundation, the Burns and Allen Research Institute, named for George Burns and his wife, Gracie Allen, is located inside the Barbara and Marvin Davis Research Building. Opened in 1996, it houses biomedical research aimed at discovering genetic, molecular, in 2006, Cedars-Sinai added the Saperstein Critical Care Tower with 150 ICU beds. In 2008, Cedars-Sinai served 54,947 inpatients and 350,405 outpatients, Cedars-Sinai received high rankings in 11 of the 16 specialties, ranking in the top 10 for digestive disorders and in the top 25 for five other specialties as listed below
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Phineas and Ferb
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Phineas and Ferb is an American animated musical comedy television series. Sometimes, other villains scoff at his level of evil, the two plots intersect at the end to erase all traces of the boys project just before Candace can show it to their mother. This usually leaves Candace very frustrated, creators Dan Povenmire and Jeff Swampy Marsh had previously worked together on The Simpsons and Rockos Modern Life. The creators also voice two of the main B-plot characters, Major Monogram and Dr. Doofenshmirtz, Phineas and Ferb was conceived after Povenmire sketched a triangular boy – the prototype for Phineas – in a restaurant. Povenmire and Marsh developed the concept together and pitched it to networks for 16 years before securing a run on Disney Channel. The series is known for some of its memorable songs. Disneys managers particularly enjoyed the song, Gitchee, Gitchee Goo. The shows creators write and record number, and vary musical tempo depending on each songs dramatic use. The series has also been popular with adults, on August 25,2011, the show was picked up for a fourth season along with a possible spin-off show and a feature film on the Disney Channel. Disney Channel officially announced on November 9,2011 that the season was picked up with new episodes rolling out starting December 7,2012. It is now the longest running Disney Channel Original Series, beating Kim Possibles 5 years and 3 months, and is also the longest running Disney XD Original Series. On February 15,2014, it was announced production of the show had been completed and no new episodes had been ordered. However, new episodes started airing on Disney XD in June 2014, a 73-hour marathon of the show would begin on Disney XD on June 9,2015. The series officially ended on June 12,2015 on Disney Channel and it was also announced that a stand-alone hour-long special titled O. W. C. A. Files would be released the following Fall, the special officially premiered on Disney XD on November 9,2015. Often these adventures involve elaborate, life-sized and ostensibly dangerous construction projects, phineass older sister, Candace Flynn, has two obsessions, busting Phineas and Ferbs schemes and ideas, and winning the attention of a boy named Jeremy. Meanwhile, the pet platypus, Perry, acts as a secret agent for an all-animal government organization called the O. W. C. A. Much of the series relies on running gags used in almost every episode
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America's Most Wanted
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Americas Most Wanted was an American television program that was produced by 20th Television. At the time of its cancellation by the Fox television network, it was the program in the networks history. The show started off as a program on February 7,1988. In 1990, the format was changed from 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The shows format was reverted back to 30 minutes in 1995, the following September, the shows host, John Walsh, announced that it would resume later that year on the cable network Lifetime. After a brief run on Lifetime, however, on March 28,2013 the show was canceled again and this was reportedly due to low ratings and the level of royalty payments to Fox which holds the trademark and copyright. It was succeeded by John Walsh Investigates, a special on Lifetime. The show featured actors portraying the crimes of dangerous fugitives, interspersed with on-camera interviews, there was a toll-free hotline number where viewers could give information at 1-800-CRIME-TV. On May 2,2008, the website announced its 1, 000th capture. Many of the cases have some connection outside the United States or have not taken place in the United States at all. The series first international capture was in Nova Scotia in 1989, with Walsh at the helm, Americas Most Wanted began to broaden its scope. In addition to the regular segments narrated by Walsh, the show began to make room for more segments and correspondents, the first two-hour quarterly special aired on Saturday, October 29,2011 on FOX. On July 13,2014, a successor premiered on CNN called The Hunt with John Walsh, the concept for Americas Most Wanted originally came from a German show, Aktenzeichen XY. Even earlier, however, CBS aired a three-month half-hour similar series hosted by Walter McGraw in the 1955-1956 season entitled Wanted, after the program’s pilot aired, a lengthy search was conducted for a host, and John Walsh was selected. Other potential candidates included former Marine Corps Commandant General P. X. Kelly, Walsh had gained publicity after his six-year-old son, Adam Walsh, was kidnapped and murdered in 1981. Walsh and others had successfully advocated Congress for the creation of the National Center for Missing, Americas Most Wanted debuted as a half-hour program on February 7,1988 on seven Fox-owned stations. Within four days of the first broadcast, FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive David James Roberts was captured as a direct result and he was a convicted killer who had recently escaped from prison by digging his way out with a small axe. This demonstrated the effectiveness of the shows Watch Television, Catch Criminals premise to skeptical law enforcement agencies, Ten weeks later, the program premiered nationwide on the Fox network and became the fledgling networks first hit series
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John Walsh (television host)
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John Edward Walsh, Jr. is an American television personality, criminal investigator, human and victim rights advocate, and the host, as well as creator, of Americas Most Wanted. Walsh was part owner of the now defunct Museum of Crime & Punishment in Washington and he also anchors an investigative documentary series, The Hunt with John Walsh, which debuted on CNN in 2014. Walsh was born in Auburn, New York and he attended the University at Buffalo. After college and marriage to the former Revé Drew in 1971, the newlywed Walshes settled in South Florida, in the summer of 1981, Walsh was an official with Paradise Island Hotel and Casino in The Bahamas, and worked in Hollywood, Florida. He and his wife, Revé, had a six-year-old son, on July 27,1981, Adam was abducted from a Sears department store at the Hollywood Mall, across from the Hollywood Police station. Revé had left Adam in the toy department at a video game console at the Sears while she looked for a lamp. When she returned minutes later, Adam was missing. Police records in Adams case released in 1996, show that a 17-year-old security guard instructed four boys to leave the department store, Adam has been thought to be one of them. Sixteen days after the abduction, his head was found in a drainage canal 120 miles away from home. His other remains were never recovered, many names had been mentioned in connection to the case in the nearly three decades since the murder, but that of serial killer Ottis Toole most persistently nagged detectives. In January 2007, deceased serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer fell under suspicion for the murder of Adam and this speculation was discounted by Walsh in an Americas Most Wanted statement on February 6,2007. Over the years, Toole had twice confessed to the killing, in addition to the Walsh murder, Toole had claimed responsibility for hundreds of other murders, but police determined that most of these confessions were lies. Following the crime, the Walsh family founded the Adam Walsh Child Resource Center, the Walsh family organized a political campaign to help missing and exploited children. Despite bureaucratic and legislative problems, Johns and Revés efforts eventually led to the creation of the Missing Children Act of 1982, today, Walsh continues to testify before Congress and state legislatures on crime, missing children and victims rights issues. His latest efforts include lobbying for a Constitutional amendment for victims rights, critics argue that the system amounts to making offenders wear a lifelong Scarlet Letter, regardless of the circumstances of their cases. A Code Adam is announced when a child is missing in a store or if a child is found by an employee or customer. If the child is lost or missing, all doors will be locked, Code Adam as a term has become synonymous with a missing child, and is a predecessor to an Amber Alert, which serves as a system of broadcast-driven community notification. John and Revé Walsh were portrayed by actors Daniel J. Travanti and JoBeth Williams in Adam, the real Walshes appeared at the end of the broadcast to publicize photographs of other children who had vanished but were still missing
