1.
Denison, Iowa
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Denison is a city in Crawford County, Iowa, United States, along the Boyer River. The population was 8,298 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Crawford County. Denison was laid out in 1856, the town was incorporated in 1875, Denison was named for its founder, J. W. Denison. Denison is governed by a mayor and a city council The Denison Mayor is the chief executive officer of the city. The Denison Mayor serves a 2-year term, the current mayor of Denison is Dan Leinen. The council consists of one representative each of the citys three wards, plus two at-large representatives. The members of the Denison City Council are, Denisons City Administrator is Terry Crawford, the City of Denison is organized into the following departments, Administration, Public Works, Library, Aquatic Center, Fire Department, Police Department, and Conference Center. The minutes and agenda for each city council meeting are available in advance on the citys website, Denison is located at 42°1′2″N 95°21′4″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.57 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 8,298 people,2,816 households, the population density was 1,268.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,968 housing units at a density of 453.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 70. 6% White,2. 3% African American,0. 6% Native American,1. 0% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,23. 0% from other races, and 2. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42. 1% of the population,28. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the family size was 3.36. The median age in the city was 32.6 years. 29% of residents were under the age of 18,11. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 5% were from 25 to 44,21. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 13. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50. 7% male and 49. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 7,339 people,2,674 households, and 1,756 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,185.5 people per square mile, there were 2,837 housing units at an average density of 458.3 per square mile
2.
Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
3.
William J. Tuttle
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William J. Tuttle was an American make-up artist. Born in Jacksonville, Florida, at an age he was forced to leave school to support his mother and younger brother. Around the same time, he working as a page at Fox Studios. He went on to work under makeup artist Jack Dawn at Twentieth Century Pictures, in 1934, Tuttle and Dawn moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Working as Dawns assistant, Tuttle supervised the work in such movies as The Wizard of Oz. Tuttle created makeup for many of Hollywood’s biggest stars, among them Judy Garland, Gene Kelly, Katharine Hepburn and he reused pieces he first created for The Time Machine in The Eye of the Beholder, one of his many Twilight Zone contributions. In 1965, Tuttle received a special Academy Award for his work on George Pals 7 Faces of Dr. Lao, later work included Logans Run and Young Frankenstein. Tuttle is the subject of the 1968 MGM short The King of the Duplicators where he demonstrated some of his work and he also appeared as himself in the documentary film The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal, produced and directed by Arnold Leibovit. Later in life, Tuttle managed his company known as Custom Color Cosmetics, william Tuttle died, aged 95, from natural causes at his home in Pacific Palisades, California, survived by his wife, Anita and his daughter, Teresa. His remains were placed in Minneapolis, Minnesotas Lakewood Cemetery, william Tuttle was married five times. He was the first husband of Oscar-winning film and television star Donna Reed and he was survived by his daughter, Teresa, and predeceased by his son, John
4.
Mary Hatch
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Mary Hatch Bailey is a fictional character in Frank Capras 1946 film Its a Wonderful Life. She is the high school sweetheart and later wife of protagonist George Bailey, Mary is played by Donna Reed as an adult and Jean Gale as a child. She is loosely based on Mary Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Sterns The Greatest Gift, Mary Hatch is one of the most famous female characters in movie history. Mary Hatch is the sister of Marty Hatch, a friend of George. They become reacquainted as adults at a high school dance. They are interrupted by news that Georges father has suffered a stroke, Mary has been away at college, and worked for a time in New York before returning to Bedford Falls. George, despite knowing that his friend, Sam Wainwright, is courting Mary, George insists he that he has no intention of getting married, but realizes that he loves Mary. It is very clear that Georges mother is right that Mary loves him, George and Mary are married, but their planned honeymoon is interrupted by a run on the banks, which affects the Building and Loan. Potters newly acquired bank has called in its loan, and depositors are clamoring to withdraw their funds, potter, a stockholder in the Building and Loan, threatens to shut it down if it closes early. Mary offers the money saved for their honeymoon to keep the Building and that evening, Georges friends Bert the cop and the cab driver Ernie escort him to his new home, the Old Granville house, a derelict mansion Mary had wished for years before. Over time they work on repairing the house, during World War II George is exempt from the draft because of partial deafness, but serves as an Air-Raid Warden. Mary becomes a volunteer for the war effort, such as running the local branch of the USO, when Georges uncle misplaces an $8,000 deposit, George faces bankruptcy and a charge of embezzlement. Angry and depressed, George contemplates suicide and his guardian angel then shows George what life would have been like had he never been born. Among other changes in this existence, Mary is a spinster librarian. George returns home to find that Mary has rallied their friends, Donna Reed would later state that Its a Wonderful Life was the favorite film of her career. The Internet Movie Database, Mary Hatch Biography
5.
Frank Capra
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Frank Russell Capra was an Italian-American film director, producer and writer who became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Italy and raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, during World War II, Capra served in the U. S. Army Signal Corps and produced propaganda films, such as the Why We Fight series. After World War II, Capras career declined as his films such as Its a Wonderful Life. In succeeding decades, however, these films have been favorably reassessed, outside of directing, Capra was active in the film industry, engaging in various political and social issues. He served as President of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, worked alongside the Screenwriters Guild, Capra was born Francesco Rosario Capra in Bisacquino, Sicily, a village near Palermo. He was the youngest of seven children of Salvatore Capra, a grower. The name Capra, notes Capras biographer Joseph McBride, represents his familys closeness to the land, and means goat. For Capra, the journey, which took 13 days, remained in his mind for the rest of his life as one of his worst experiences, very few people have trunks or anything that takes up space. They have just what they can carry in their hands or in a bag, theres no ventilation, and it stinks like hell. Its the most degrading place you could ever be, Capra remembers the ships arrival in New York Harbor, where he saw a statue of a great lady, taller than a church steeple, holding a torch above the land we were about to enter. He recalls his fathers exclamation at the sight, Ciccio, look, thats the greatest light since the star of Bethlehem. The family settled in Los Angeless East Side which Capra described in his autobiography as an Italian ghetto, Capras father worked as a fruit picker and young Capra sold newspapers after school for 10 years, until he graduated from high school. Instead of working after graduating, as his parents wanted, he enrolled in college and he studied chemical engineering and graduated in the spring of 1918. Capra later wrote that his education had changed his whole viewpoint on life from the viewpoint of an alley rat to the viewpoint of a cultured person. Soon after graduating college, Capra was commissioned in the US Army as a second lieutenant, in the Army, he taught mathematics to artillerymen at Fort Point, San Francisco. His father died during the war in an accident, in the Army, Capra contracted Spanish flu and was medically discharged to return home to live with his mother. He became a naturalized U. S. citizen in 1920, living at home with his siblings and mother, Capra was the only family member with a college education, yet he was the only one who remained chronically unemployed. After recovering at home, Capra moved out and spent the few years living in flophouses in San Francisco and hopping freight trains
6.
It's a Wonderful Life
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The film is now among the most popular in American cinema and because of numerous television showings in the 1980s has become traditional viewing during the Christmas season. Clarence shows George all the lives he has touched and how different life in his community of Bedford Falls would be had he never been born. Despite initially performing poorly financially because of production costs and stiff competition at the time of its release. Theatrically, the films break-even point was $6.3 million, approximately twice the production cost, an appraisal in 2006 reported, Although it was not the complete box office failure that today everyone believes. Its a Wonderful Life is one of the most acclaimed films ever made, Capra revealed that the film was his personal favorite among those he directed, adding that he screened it for his family every Christmas season. On Christmas Eve 1945, in Bedford Falls, New York, prayers for him reach Heaven, where Clarence Odbody, Angel 2nd Class, is assigned to save George in order to earn his angel wings. To prepare, Clarence is shown flashbacks of Georges life, the first is in 1919, when 12-year-old George saves his younger brother Harry, who falls through the ice on a frozen pond, from drowning, George loses his hearing in one ear as a result. On Harrys graduation night in 1928, George talks to Mary Hatch and they are interrupted by news of his fathers death. George postpones his plans in order to sort out the family business, Bailey Brothers Building and Loan, a longtime competitor to Henry F. Potter, the local banker. Potter wishes to dissolve the Building and Loan to take over its business, George convinces the board of directors to vote against Potter. They agree, on condition that George runs the business, along with his absent-minded uncle Billy, on their way to their honeymoon, they witness a run on the bank and use their honeymoon savings to lend financial support at the Building and Loan until the bank reopens. Potter, frustrated at losing control of the market, attempts to lure George into becoming his assistant, George is momentarily tempted. During World War II, George is ineligible for service because of his bad ear, Harry becomes a Navy pilot and shoots down a kamikaze plane that would have bombed an amphibious transport, he is awarded the Medal of Honor. On Christmas Eve morning 1945, the town prepares a welcome for Harry. Uncle Billy goes to Potters bank to deposit $8,000 for the Building, upon seeing the money, Potter realizes the potential scandal could lead to the Building and Loans downfall. Potter hides the money, knowing its loss will cause severe problems for the Building. When Uncle Billy cannot find the money, he and George frantically search for it, when the bank examiner arrives to review their records, George berates his uncle for endangering the Building and Loan, goes home and takes out his frustration on his family. He apologizes to his wife and children, then leaves, George desperately appeals to Potter for a loan
7.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
8.
From Here to Eternity
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From Here to Eternity is a 1953 drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann and based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. Deborah Kerr and Donna Reed portray the women in their lives and the supporting cast includes Ernest Borgnine, Philip Ober, Jack Warden, Mickey Shaughnessy, Claude Akins, and George Reeves. The film won eight Academy Awards out of 13 nominations, including awards for Picture, Best Director, Adapted Screenplay, Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress. The films title comes from a quote from Rudyard Kiplings 1892 poem Gentlemen-Rankers. In 2002 From Here to Eternity was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 1941, bugler and career soldier Private Robert E. Lee Prewitt transfers to a company at Schofield Barracks on the island of Oahu. Captain Dana Dynamite Holmes has heard he is a middleweight boxer. Prewitt refuses, having stopped fighting because he blinded his sparring partner, Holmes makes life as miserable as possible for Prewitt, hoping that he will give in. Holmes orders First Sergeant Milton Warden to prepare general court-martial papers after Sergeant Galovitch first insults Prewitt, Warden suggests, however, that he try to get Prewitt to change his mind by doubling up on company punishment. The other non-commissioned officers join the conspiracy, Prewitt is supported by his only friend, Private Angelo Maggio. Meanwhile, Warden begins an affair with Holmes neglected wife, Karen, Warden tells Karen that he is risking a twenty-year prison sentence. Sergeant Maylon Stark has told Warden about Karens many previous affairs at Fort Bliss, as their relationship develops, Warden asks Karen about her affairs to test her sincerity. Karen relates that Holmes has been unfaithful to her most of their marriage and she miscarried one night when Holmes returned home from seeing a hat-check girl, drunk and unable to call a doctor, resulting in her being unable to bear any more children. She then affirms her love for Warden, Prewitt and Maggio spend their liberty at the New Congress Club, a gentlemens club where Prewitt falls for Lorene. She wants to marry a man with a proper job. Maggio and Staff Sergeant James R. Judson nearly come to blows at the club over Judsons loud piano playing, later, Judson provokes Maggio by taking his photograph of his sister from him, kissing it, and whispering in Prewitts ear. Maggio smashes a barstool over Judsons head, Judson pulls a switchblade, but Warden intervenes. Judson backs down but warns Maggio that sooner or later he will end up in the stockade, Karen tells Warden that if he became an officer, she could divorce Holmes and marry him
9.
The Donna Reed Show
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The Donna Reed Show is an American situation comedy starring Donna Reed as the middle-class housewife Donna Stone. Carl Betz co-stars as her pediatrician husband Dr. Alex Stone, the show originally aired on ABC from September 24,1958 to March 19,1966. When Fabares left the show in 1963, Petersens younger sister, Patty Petersen, Patty Petersen had first appeared in the episode, A Way of Her Own, on January 31,1963. Actress Janet Landgard was a regular from 1963-1965 as Karen Holmby. The series was created by William S. Roberts and developed by Reed and her then husband, episodes revolved around typical family problems of the period such as firing a clumsy housekeeper, throwing a retirement bash for a colleague, and finding quality time away from the children. Then-daring themes such as rights and freedom of the press were occasionally explored. The show had a start in the ratings and was almost cancelled. In the shows seasons, Fabares sang what became a #1 teen pop hit Johnny Angel. The Donna Reed Show was one of televisions top 25 shows in 1963-1964, Reed was repeatedly nominated for Emmy Awards between 1959 and 1962, and won a Golden Globe as Best Female TV Star in 1963. She eventually grew tired of the work-a-day grind involved in the program, the series was sponsored by Campbell Soup Company, with Johnson & Johnson as the principal alternate sponsor. Following first-run, the show entered daytime reruns on ABC and then syndication on Nick at Nite, the first five seasons have been released on DVD. This show was the first TV family sitcom to feature the mother as the center of the show. Reeds character, Donna Stone, is a mother and wife, but also a strong woman, an active participant in her community, a woman with feelings. In a 2008 interview, Paul Petersen stated, depicts a better time and it has a sort of level of intelligence and professionalism that is sadly lacking in current entertainment products. The messages it sent out were positive and uplifting, the folks you saw were likable, the family was fun, the situations were familiar to people. It provided 22-and-a-half-minutes of moral instructions and advice on how to deal with the dilemmas of life. Jeff and Mary and their friends had all the problems that real kids in high school did. Petersen continued, Thats what the show was really about, the importance of family, Thats where lifes lessons are transmitted, generation to generation
10.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
11.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
12.
Barbara Bel Geddes
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Barbara Bel Geddes was an American actress, artist, and childrens author, whose career spanned six decades. She was best known for her role in the television drama series Dallas as matriarch Miss Ellie Ewing. Bel Geddes also starred in the original Broadway production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in the role of Maggie and her notable films included Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo and I Remember Mama. She was the recipient of several acting awards and nominations throughout her career, Bel Geddes was born on October 31,1922, in New York City, the daughter of Helen Belle and stage and industrial designer Norman Bel Geddes. She married theatrical manager Carl Sawyer in 1944, they had one daughter, later that year, she married stage director Windsor Lewis, with whom she had a daughter, Betsy. When Lewis became ill in 1967, Bel Geddes suspended her career to care for him until his death in 1972, Bel Geddes came to prominence in the 1946 Broadway production of Deep Are The Roots. The performance garnered her the Clarence Derwent Award, and the Donaldson Award presented to her by Laurette Taylor, for Outstanding Achievement in The Theatre, from 1951 to 1953, Bel Geddes played 924 performances of the F. Hugh Herbert hit comedy The Moon Is Blue, both roles earned her Tony Award nominations. Other highlights include John Steinbecks Burning Bright, Edward Albees Everything in the Garden, Bel Geddes began her film career starring with Henry Fonda in The Long Night, a remake of the 1939 French film Le Jour Se Lève. I went out to California awfully young, she remarked, I remember Lillian Hellman and Elia Kazan telling me, Dont go, learn your craft. The following year, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the George Stevens classic film I Remember Mama and she played Richard Widmarks wife Nancy in Kazans 1950 film noir Panic in the Streets. In 1958, Alfred Hitchcock cast her with James Stewart in Vertigo as the long-suffering bohemian, Bel Geddes also starred with Danny Kaye and Louis Armstrong in the screen musical The Five Pennies. She appeared in such as Playhouse 90, CBS Playhouse, Riverboat, Dr. Kildare. In 1977, she starred in the acclaimed production of the Thornton Wilder classic. In 1978, Bel Geddes was the first artist signed to star in Dallas, the role of the family matriarch, Miss Ellie, brought her renewed international recognition. She appeared on the series from 1978 to 1990 and remains the only cast member to win the Emmy Award, in 1985, she also received Germanys Golden Camera Award. Larry Hagman, who played J. R. Ewing, told the Associated Press and she was just a really nice woman and a wonderful actress. She was kind of the glue that held the whole thing together, in the early 1970s, Bel Geddes underwent a radical mastectomy, an experience she relived in the 1979–80 season of Dallas
13.
Miss Ellie Ewing
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Eleanor Miss Ellie Farlow is a fictional character, from the CBS soap opera Dallas, a long running serial centered on the lives of the wealthy Ewing family in Dallas, Texas. Throughout her run, the remains a important part of the shows structure. Created by writer David Jacobs, the role was originated by screen actress Barbara Bel Geddes in the pilot episode until her departure in 1984. After Bel Geddes left, she was replaced by movie and television actress Donna Reed, Bel Geddes returned at the start of Dallass next season and remained in the show until season thirteen, when she wanted to retire from acting. The character of Miss Ellie was written out following Bel Geddes departure, Bel Geddes appeared in all but two of the Dallas episodes for six seasons, and missed one third of the episodes at the beginning of the 1983-84 season, due to her recovery from her heart surgery. Miss Ellies storylines focus on her familys troubles, as the matriarch of the Ewing family, she is portrayed as a strong and loving mother. Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow is one of the characters invented by the creator of Dallas. Before the creation of the show, Jacobs originally had quite a different idea of what he envisioned the show to be and he wanted to create a television show based on family issues and examining relationships at the middle class level. The Production Company, CBS, initially turned down his idea, as they wanted something more glitzy to put on the air. After the success of Dallas, Jacobs initial idea would become the Dallas spin-off Knots Landing. Bel Geddes was the first actress to sign on to star in the series, in Dallas, The Complete Story of the Worlds Favorite Prime-Time Soap by Barbara A. Curran, producer Leonard Katzman said that at the time no one was looking for big-name actors. When asked what attracted her to the serial, the actress said, I needed a job. Miss Ellie is the daughter of rancher Aaron Southworth, who instills in her a fierce pride in her heritage, deep-seated courage, during the first half of the 1930s, Miss Ellie was the sweetheart of Digger Barnes. On the day that her family was going to lose Southfork Miss Ellie married Jock, the couple had three sons, J. R. Gary and Bobby. Jock takes over raising his eldest son J. R. showing him tough love and grooming him to be the heir of Ewing Oil, thus making him one of the most ruthless oilmen in the oil business. Miss Ellie has more influence on their second son Gary, who is Miss Ellies favourite son as Gary is more like the Southworths than the Ewings in loving ranching and the land over the oil business. Jock and Miss Ellies youngest son, Bobby, is Jocks favourite son, in 1979, Miss Ellie is diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoes a mastectomy and fully recovers. In 1980, she learns that ranch foreman Ray Krebbs is Jocks illegitimate son from an affair with an Army nurse named Margaret Hunter in England during World War II
14.
Dallas (1978 TV series)
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Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2,1978, to May 3,1991. The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texan family, the Ewings, who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil, the series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes, whose families were sworn enemies with each other. As the series progressed, oil tycoon J. R. Ewing grew to be the main character, whose schemes. When the show ended in May 1991, J. R. was the character to have appeared in every episode. The show was famous for its cliffhangers, including the Who shot J. R. mystery, the 1980 episode Who Done It remains the second highest rated prime-time telecast ever. The show also featured a Dream Season, in which the entirety of the season was revealed to have been a dream of Pam Ewing. After 14 seasons, the series finale Conundrum aired in 1991, the show had a relatively ensemble cast. The series won four Emmy Awards, including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Bel Geddes. With its 357 episodes, Dallas remains one of the longest lasting full-hour primetime dramas in American TV history, behind Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, Bonanza, Law & Order, in 2007 Dallas was included in TIME magazines list of 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. Dallas also spawned the spin-off series Knots Landing in 1979 which also lasted 14 seasons, in 2010, TNT announced it had ordered a new, updated continuation of Dallas. The revival series, continuing the story of the Ewing family, premiered on TNT on June 13,2012, Dallas debuted on April 2,1978, as a five-part miniseries on the CBS network. The first five episodes, originally considered a miniseries, are now referred to as season one—making fourteen seasons in total, the show is known for its portrayal of wealth, sex, intrigue, and power struggles. Ellies family were—in contrast to Jock—ranchers, with love for the land. Following the marriage of Ellie and Jock, the Southworth family ranch, Southfork, became the Ewings home, where Jock and Miss Ellie raised three sons, J. R. Gary and Bobby. Middle son Gary was Ellies favorite as he displayed Southworth traits, however, while still young, Gary had married waitress Valene Clements, who produced the first heir, the petite and saucy Lucy. Years prior to the beginning, J. R. had driven Gary and Valene off Southfork. During the first episodes of the series, the teenaged Lucy is seen sleeping with ranch foreman Ray Krebbs. Later, in four, Ray would be revealed as Lucys uncle
15.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
16.
How to Win Friends and Influence People
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How to Win Friends and Influence People is one of the first best-selling self-help books ever published. Written by Dale Carnegie and first published in 1936, it has sold over 30 million copies world-wide, Leon Shimkin of the publishing firm Simon & Schuster took one of the 14-week courses given by Carnegie in 1934. Shimkin persuaded Carnegie to let a stenographer take notes from the course to be revised for publication, the original book contained sections providing colorful anecdotes and insightful wisdom. It gave instruction in handling people, winning friends, bringing people to your way of thinking, being a great leader, Carnegie combined age-old truisms with the emerging field of psychology to present a handbook in human relations which was interesting and accessible. Emphasizing the use of others egotistical tendencies to ones advantage, Carnegie maintained that success could be found by charm, appreciation, the book sold exceptionally well from the start, going through 17 editions in its first year. In 1981, a new revised edition containing updated language and anecdotes was released, the revised edition reduced the number of sections from 6 to 4, eliminating sections on effective business letters and improving marital satisfaction. In 2011, a 3rd edition was released, titled How to Win Friends and this edition was written by Dale Carnegie & Associates. It applies Carnegies prescription for relationship and business success to the digital age, get you out of a mental rut, give you new thoughts, new visions, new ambitions. Enable you to make friends quickly and easily, help you to win people to your way of thinking. Increase your influence, your prestige, your ability to get things done, enable you to win new clients, new customers. Make you a better salesman, a better executive, help you to handle complaints, avoid arguments, keep your human contacts smooth and pleasant. Make you a better speaker, a more entertaining conversationalist, Make the principles of psychology easy for you to apply in your daily contacts. Help you to arouse enthusiasm among your associates, the book has six major sections. The core principles of each section are explained and quoted below, human nature does not like to admit fault. When people are criticized or humiliated, they respond well and will often become defensive. To handle people well, we must never criticize, condemn or complain because it will never result in the behavior we desire, appreciation is one of the most powerful tools in the world. People will rarely work at their maximum potential under criticism, appreciation, though, is not simple flattery, it must be sincere, meaningful and with love. Arouse in the person a eager want
17.
Manhattan Project
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The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom, from 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs, the Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District, Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, the Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion. Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce material, with less than 10% for development. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war, a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, three methods were employed for uranium enrichment, electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, in parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. The plutonium was then separated from the uranium. The Fat Man implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design, the project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, despite the Manhattan Projects tight security, Soviet atomic spies still penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was a bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexicos Alamogordo Bombing. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947, there were fears that a German atomic bomb project would develop one first, especially among scientists who were refugees from Nazi Germany and other fascist countries. In August 1939, Hungarian-born physicists Leó Szilárd and Eugene Wigner drafted the Einstein–Szilárd letter and it urged the United States to take steps to acquire stockpiles of uranium ore and accelerate the research of Enrico Fermi and others into nuclear chain reactions. They had it signed by Albert Einstein and delivered to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt called on Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards to head the Advisory Committee on Uranium to investigate the issues raised by the letter. Briggs held a meeting on 21 October 1939, which was attended by Szilárd, Wigner, the committee reported back to Roosevelt in November that uranium would provide a possible source of bombs with a destructiveness vastly greater than anything now known. The Advisory Committee on Uranium became the National Defense Research Committee Committee on Uranium when that organization was formed on 27 June 1940, Briggs proposed that the spend $167,000 on research into uranium, particularly the uranium-235 isotope, and the recently discovered plutonium
18.
Los Angeles City College
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Los Angeles City College, known as LACC, is a public community college in East Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. A part of the Los Angeles Community College District, it is located on Vermont Avenue south of Santa Monica Boulevard, the college also offers a program known as The Theater Academy, a block program for students pursuing acting, technical side of theater, or costume design. LACC occupies the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. One of nine separate college campuses of the Los Angeles Community College District, when the Pacific Electric Interurban Railroad connected downtown Los Angeles and Hollywood in 1909, the area began to develop rapidly. In 1914, the LA Board of Education moved the teachers Normal School to the site, the Italian Romanesque campus became what is now the University of California, Los Angeles in 1919. In need of space, UCLA moved to its present location in 1929. On September 9,1929, Los Angeles Junior College opened its doors for the first time with over 1,300 students and 54 teachers and it later changed its name to Los Angeles City College. California Community Colleges System Community, an NBC comedy series which shoots on the LACC campus Official website LACC Filipino Club
19.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
20.
James Stewart
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James Maitland Stewart, also known as Jimmy Stewart, was an American actor and military officer who is among the most honored and popular stars in film history. A major Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player, Stewart was known for his distinctive drawl and down-to-earth persona, many of the films he starred in have become enduring classics. Stewart was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one in competition for The Philadelphia Story, in 1999, Stewart was named the third greatest male screen legend of the Golden Age of Hollywood by the American Film Institute, behind Humphrey Bogart and Cary Grant. The American Film Institute has also named five of Stewarts films to its list of the 100 best American films ever made. Stewart was born on May 20,1908, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, the son of Elizabeth Ruth Jackson and Alexander Maitland Stewart, Stewart was mainly of Scottish ancestry and was raised as a Presbyterian. He was descended from veterans of the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the eldest of three children, he was expected to continue his fathers business, which had been in the family for three generations. His mother was an excellent pianist but his father discouraged Stewarts request for lessons, when his father accepted a gift of an accordion from a guest, young Stewart quickly learned to play the instrument, which became a fixture offstage during his acting career. As the family grew, music continued to be an important part of family life, Stewart attended Mercersburg Academy prep school, graduating in 1928. He was active in a variety of activities and he played on the football and track teams, was art editor of the KARUX yearbook, and a member of the choir club, glee club, and John Marshall Literary Society. Over the following two summers, he took a job as an assistant with a professional magician and he made his first appearance onstage at Mercersburg, as Buquet in the play The Wolves. A shy child, Stewart spent much of his time in the basement working on model airplanes, mechanical drawing. However, he abandoned visions of being a pilot when his father insisted that instead of the United States Naval Academy he attend Princeton University, Stewart enrolled at Princeton in 1928 as a member of the class of 1932. His acting and accordion talents at Princeton led him to be invited to the University Players, the company had been organized in 1928 and would run until 1932, with Joshua Logan, Bretaigne Windust and Charles Leatherbee as directors. Stewart performed in bit parts in the Players productions in Cape Cod during the summer of 1932, the troupe had previously included Henry Fonda and Margaret Sullavan. Stewart and Fonda became close friends over the summer of 1932 when they shared an apartment with Joshua Logan, the New Yorker commented, Mr. James Stewarts chauffeur. Comes on for three minutes and walks off to a round of spontaneous applause, the play was a moderate success, but times were hard. Many Broadway theaters had been converted to houses and the Depression was reaching bottom. From 1932 through 1934, Stewart later recalled, Id only worked three months, every play I got into folded
21.
George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)
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George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capras 1946 film Its a Wonderful Life. He occupies slot #9 on the American Film Institutes list of the 50 greatest screen heroes and he is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child. He is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Sterns The Greatest Gift, in the winter of 1919, George and his friends are sledding on a snow shovel down a slope onto a frozen river. When Georges brother Harry sleds down, he breaks through the ice into the freezing water and his friends form a human chain and pull them to safety. George develops a cold which permanently affects the hearing in his left ear, the following spring George goes to his job at Gowers Drug store, where he finds a telegram informing Gower that his son has died of influenza. Gower directs George to deliver medicine, and George realizes that in his distress Gower has inadvertently packaged poison and he seeks advice from his father, the President of the Bailey Bros. Building & Loan at his office, but is unable to as his father is meeting with banker Henry F. Potter, when he returns to the store, Gower angrily confronts him for failing to deliver the medicine until George points out the mistake. George promises that he never tell anyone. Nine years later, in the month of June, George is preparing to leave town for an overseas trip and he drops by his brother Harrys graduation party at the high school, where he is re-introduced to his friend Marty Hatchs eighteen-year-old sister Mary. George is walking Mary home when a car pulls up and George is informed that his father has had a stroke, three months later, George is in a meeting with the board of directors of the Building & Loan to appoint a new successor to the late Peter Bailey. Potter argues that the Building & Loan should be dissolved, the directors tell George that the Building & Loan will only stay open if he agrees to remain and carry on his fathers work. George foregoes a trip to Europe and his plans for college, four years later, George and Uncle Billy are waiting at the Bedford Falls railroad station for Harry to come home from college, when Harry arrives with his new wife, Ruth. Her father has offered Harry a job, which means he will not be taking Georges place at the Building & Loan, George is stuck in Bedford Falls. While the family is celebrating Harrys return, Ma Bailey mentions to George that Mary Hatch is back from college and he eventually goes to Mary’s home to visit her, only to find that she is being courted by his friend, the now wealthy but absent, Sam Wainwright. A few months later, George and Mary are married and their plans for a honeymoon in New York City and Bermuda are interrupted by a run on the banks which also affects the Building & Loan. Potters bank calls their loan, and panicked depositors want their money, as a stockholder, Potter threatens to shut the Building & Loan if they are forced to close early. Mary and George use the money saved for their honeymoon to keep the Building & Loan solvent, although this would bring a significant increase in salary George declines. George returns home to learn that Mary is pregnant and their first child is a son they call Pete
22.
Robert Sterling
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Robert Sterling was an American film and television actor. The son of Chicago Cubs baseball player William S. Hart, Sterling was born William Sterling Hart in New Castle and he attended the University of Pittsburgh and worked as a clothing salesman before pursuing an acting career. After signing with Columbia Pictures in 1939, he changed his name to Robert Sterling to avoid confusion with silent western star William S. Hart and his name was legally changed while he was a second lieutenant officer attending flight training in Marfa in West Texas in 1943. In 1939, he performed with Shemp Howard, of The Three Stooges fame, in the movie Glove Slingers, in 1974 he also appeared in The 3 Stooges Follies. In 1941, Sterling went to MGM and he worked steadily as a supporting player for several years. After serving in World War II as a United States Army Air Corps flight instructor, he returned to Hollywood and he did, however, play the non-singing role of Steve Baker, opposite Ava Gardner as Julie, in the hit MGM1951 film version of Show Boat. His other film credits included roles in Return to Peyton Place, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Sterling reinvigorated his career, first with a club act with wife actress/singer Anne Jeffreys, and then becoming a fixture on television. He was cast in dramatic roles in early television, when networks often televised live dramatic performances. It aired on the CBS network from 1953 to 1955, leo G. Carroll starred in the title role. Wife Marion Kerby was referred to as the ghostess with the mostest, on December 18,1957, Sterling and Jeffreys played a couple with an unusual courtship arrangement in The Julie Gage Story on the first season of NBCs Wagon Train. In 1958, the couple co-starred in another series, Love That Jill. He portrayed 44-year-old Bob Major, a reporter from New York City. In 1963, Sterling starred in The Twilight Zone episode Printers Devil alongside Burgess Meredith, after some additional television work in the early 1960s, Sterling made only sporadic appearances in later shows such as Murder, She Wrote, and Hotel. He had also guest starred in the hospital drama The Bold Ones in 1971, the sitcom The Brian Keith Show in 1974, Sterlings star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located at 1709 Vine Street. His first marriage, in 1943, was to noted actress-singer Ann Sothern and they had a daughter, Patricia, who became an actress. Sothern and Sterling divorced in 1949, Sterling met actress-singer Anne Jeffreys soon after his Broadway debut, and they wed in 1951 and remained married for 55 years until his death. Sterling died Tuesday, May 30,2006, aged 88, at his home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California. According to the Associated Press, his son, Jeffrey, indicated that Sterling died of natural causes and also suffered from debilitating shingles for the last decade of his life
23.
Eyes in the Night
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Eyes in the Night is a 1942 American crime mystery directed by Fred Zinnemann, based on Baynard Kendricks 1941 novel The Odor of Violets and starring Edward Arnold, Ann Harding and Donna Reed. The film was followed by a sequel, The Hidden Eye, new York private detective Duncan MacLain is blind but has keenly developed all his other senses. He pursues his work assisted by his guide dog Friday, his butler, Alistair. Retired actress Norma Lawry, an old friend, comes to Mac seeking advice and her headstrong 17-year-old step-daughter Barbara, herself a promising actress, is enamored with her leading man in a small theater production, the much older Lothario Paul Gerente. Paul, who had once been Normas lover, has convinced Barbara that Norma actually wants Paul for herself and has married her father Stephen for his money. At Macs urging, Norma tried to reason with Paul, but he insists that he loves Barbara, Barbara is equally disdainful of her and agrees to meet Paul for dinner that night at his apartment. Normas husband Stephen Lawry is a scientist leaving that night on a trip to test a secret invention on which he has working for the government. Worried about Barbara, she uses a pretext not to accompany Stephen, when Barbara arrives, she finds Pauls dead body and thinks that Norma has killed him, even though Norma insists that he was dead when she arrived. Barbara threatens to call the police unless she leaves Stephen, fearing that a scandal will hurt him, Norma agrees. Norma then turns to Mac, who goes to Pauls apartment with Friday and Marty, only to find the body, a man arrives to replace the rug and Mac hides in a closet, overhearing a telephone call to Normas number from Gabriel to Vera. Mac accidentally gives away, but with Fridays help overpowers Gabriel. Mac has Marty hide him to him under wraps. Norma returns to her country home unexpectedly, which discourages an espionage ring that includes her butler, Hansen, from breaking into Stephens safe and they have killed Gerente, who was also an agent, and hidden the body. Mac arrives with Friday at Normas house and pretends to be her curmudgeonly Uncle Mac who has come for a visit and his blindness lulls any suspicions Hansen might have about him. Shortly thereafter, Barbara comes home from a rehearsal, called to get her out of the house by her director, Cheli Scott. Unknown to Barbara and Norma, Cheli is the ringleader of the spies, Cheli ordered Paul killed because his affection for Barbara was beginning to limit his effectiveness, and she immediately suspects Mac is not what he seems. Gabriels wife Vera, the Lawrys maid, is also a part of the plot, when Gabriel does not return home, Vera becomes hysterical with worry. Mac secretly asks Vera to meet him in the greenhouse, using her worry about Gabriel as a lure and she is observed by the others, however, and is killed by Hansen before she can reach Mac
24.
The Human Comedy (film)
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The Human Comedy is a 1943 American drama film directed by Clarence Brown and adapted by Howard Estabrook. It stars Mickey Rooney with Frank Morgan, also appearing in the film are James Craig, Marsha Hunt, Fay Bainter, Ray Collins, Van Johnson, Donna Reed and Jackie Butch Jenkins. The film is the story of a teenaged Homer Macauley in high school, working part-time as a delivery boy, in the fictional town of Ithaca, California. The effects of the war on the Home Front over a year in Homers life are depicted in sentimental scenarios involving himself, his family, friends, and neighbors, the storyline is directed by a narrator, Homers deceased father. Saroyan wrote a treatment and a screenplay that he was asked to direct. He was paid off and removed from the project when his film proved to be more than two hours long, saroyan was not at all happy with the film as completed by Brown, and he wrote his novel from the script he produced. The novel was published at the time as the films release with the intent of countering the film version of the story. Mayer, head of MGM, who suggested that this was his favorite film, the New York Times reviewer praised the films performances, especially Rooney, saying that There is a tenderness and restraint in his characterization. But he chided the film for excessive sentimentality, saying it featured some most charming bits of fine motion-picture expression, the film made $2.8 million in the US and Canada and $1.0 million elsewhere resulting in a profit of $1.5 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Story and was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Cinematography, Black-and-White, Best Director and Best Picture. The Human Comedy at the American Film Institute Catalog The Human Comedy at the Internet Movie Database The Human Comedy at the TCM Movie Database The Human Comedy at AllMovie
25.
Mickey Rooney
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Mickey Rooney was an American actor, producer, vaudevillian, comedian and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, a versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney the best there has ever been, clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with. Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his debut at the age of six. At thirteen he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Nights Dream, critic David Thomson hailed his performance as one of cinemas most arresting pieces of magic. In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town, at nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made films, which made him one of MGMs most consistently successful actors. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the actors of that era. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be a movie star. Nevertheless, Rooneys popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in such as Requiem for a Heavyweight, Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies, Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill. At his death, Vanity Fair called him the original Hollywood train wreck and he struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. His mother was a chorus girl and a burlesque performer. When Rooney was born, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl, Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo
26.
They Were Expendable
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They Were Expendable is a 1945 American war film directed by John Ford and starring Robert Montgomery and John Wayne and featuring Donna Reed. The film is based on the book by William L, while a work of fiction, the book was based on actual events and people. The characters of John Brickley and Rusty Ryan are fictionalizations of the subjects, John D. Bulkeley. In December 1941, a squadron of PT Boats under the command of Lt. John Brick Brickley is sent to Manila to help defend the Philippines against a potential Japanese invasion. However, upon their arrival, instead of a welcome, they are ridiculed by the military commanders. One of Bricks men, Lt. J. G and they are again subjected to messenger duty, infuriating Ryan who continually requests transfer to a destroyer. Eventually, the local command recognizes the effectiveness of the small boats, as they are about to leave on a mission to sink a Japanese cruiser, Brick orders Rusty to the hospital, where it is discovered that he has blood poisoning. While in the hospital, Rusty begins a romance with Army nurse Sandy Davyss, Bricks boats sink the cruiser, after which the squadron meets with more and more success, even as they suffer the loss of both boats and men. However, the American forces are vastly outgunned and outnumbered by the Japanese forces, with the mounting Japanese onslaught against the doomed American garrisons at Bataan and Corregidor, the squadron is sent to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur, his family, and a party of VIPs. This done, they resume their attacks against the Japanese, who gradually whittle down the squadron, as boats are lost, their crews are sent to fight as infantry. Finally, the last boat is turned over to the Army for messenger duty, Brickley, Ryan and two ensigns are airlifted out on one of the last planes because the PT boats have proved their worth and they are needed stateside to train replacement PT boat officers and crews. The remaining enlisted men, led by Chief Mulcahey, are left behind to continue the fight with remnants of the U. S. Army and Filipino guerrillas. According to Turner Classic Movies host Ben Mankiewicz, during filming, director John Ford, a well-known taskmaster, was hard on Wayne. During production, Ford fell from a scaffolding and broke his leg and he turned to Montgomery – who had actually commanded a PT boat – to temporarily take over for him as director. Montgomery did so well that within a few years he began directing films, the film, receiving extensive support from the Navy Department, was shot on location in Key Biscayne, Florida and the Florida Keys. This region most closely approximated the South West Pacific Theater, actual U. S. Navy 80-foot Elco PT boats were used throughout the filming, albeit remarked with false hull numbers that would have been in use in late 1941 and early 1942. Additional U. S. naval aircraft from naval air stations in Miami, Fort Lauderdale. John Fords onscreen directing credit reads, Directed by John Ford, Frank Weads onscreen credit reads and Screenplay by Frank Wead Comdr
27.
G.I. (military)
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G. I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces—and for U. S. Marines and sailors—and also for general items of their equipment, the term G. I. has been used as an initialism of Government Issue or General Issue, but it originally referred to galvanized iron, as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces. The letters G. I. were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron, such as trash cans, in U. S. Army inventories. During World War I, American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as G. I. cans, also during that war, G. I. started being interpreted as Government Issue or General Issue for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen. The term G. I. came into use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System in 1940. Next, the use of G. I. expanded from 1942 through 1945, the American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that the truly heroic figure of this war G. I. Joe and his counterpart in the air, the navy, G. I. was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force. Digger —A similar term used in Australia Dogface Doughboy Folk etymology G. I
28.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
29.
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945 film)
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The Picture of Dorian Gray is a 1945 American horror-drama film based on Oscar Wildes 1890 novel of the same name. Released in March 1945 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film is directed by Albert Lewin and stars George Sanders as Lord Henry Wotton, shot primarily in black-and-white, the film features four inserts in 3-strip Technicolor of Dorians portrait as a special effect. Dorian Gray is a handsome, wealthy man living in 19th century London. While generally intelligent, he is naive and easily manipulated and these faults lead to his spiral into sin and, ultimately, misery. While posing for a painting by his friend Basil Hallward, Dorian meets Basils friend Lord Henry Wotton, Wotton is cynical and witty, and tells Dorian that the only life worth living is one dedicated entirely to pleasure. After Wotton convinces Dorian that youth and beauty will bring him everything he desires and he makes this statement in the presence of a certain Egyptian statue, which supposedly has the power to grant wishes. Dorian visits a tavern, where he falls in love with a singer named Sibyl Vane. He eventually enters a romance with her, despite the disapproval of Sibyls brother James, though initially overjoyed, Dorian is again persuaded by Lord Henry to pursue a more hedonistic lifestyle. Dorian sends Sibyl a hurtful letter, breaking off their relationship, the next morning, Lord Henry informs Dorian that a heartbroken Sibyl Vane had killed herself the night before. Dorian is at first shocked and guilt-ridden but then adopts Lord Henrys indifferent manner and he surprises Basil by going to the opera immediately after hearing of Sibyls death. Returning home that night, Dorian notices a change in the portrait Basil had painted, the portrait looks harsher, and a shaken Dorian has it locked away in his old school room. He becomes even more dedicated to living a sinful and heartless life, years later, Dorian is nearing his fortieth birthday, but he looks the same as he did when he was twenty-two. The townspeople are awestruck at his unchanging appearance, over eighteen years of pointless debauchery, the portrait remained locked away, with Dorian holding the only key. Dorian had grown more and more paranoid about the pictures being seen by others, he fires servants who he thought might suspect, over the years, the painting of the young Dorian had warped into that of a hideous, demon-like creature that reflects Dorians sins. Basil eventually catches a glimpse of the portrait and attempts to talk Dorian into reforming his life, however, Dorian panics and murders his friend, leaving the body locked in the school room with the painting. Dorian blackmails an old friend, Allen Campbell, into disposing of Basils body secretly and he then enters into a romance with Basils niece, Gladys, who was a young child when the portrait was painted. Though Gladys had always loved Dorian, those who were close to him begin to find him suspicious. Dorian begins to realize the harm his life is doing to himself and he is assaulted by James Vane, Sibyls brother, who had sworn revenge for his sisters death
30.
The Beginning or the End
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The film dramatizes the creation of the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project and the bombing of Hiroshima. The film originated in October 1945 as a project of actress Donna Reed and her school science teacher, Edward R. Tompkins. Bob Considine wrote the treatment, which was sent to the MGM studio script writers, the title was supplied by President Harry S. Truman. At the time there was a requirement that permission be obtained to depict living well-known public figures. Many refused, but others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer, major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr. the director of the Manhattan Project, was hired as a consultant for $10,000. Although the filmmakers put considerable effort into historical accuracy, particularly in details, the film received mixed reviews, and did not earn its money back. In 1945, physicist and atomic scientist Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer praises the discovery of atomic energy, but also warns of its dangers. American scientists such as Matt Cochran, working under the guidance of Dr. Enrico Fermi and Dr. Marré, have split the atom, with the assistance of Albert Einstein, they inform President Franklin D. Roosevelt that a monumental discovery has been made. In 1941, with the United States at war, Roosevelt authorizes up to two dollars for the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb. Nixon is assigned to General Leslie Groves, who is placed in charge of the project, Groves has to bring together the scientific, industrial and defense communities to build the atomic bomb. In 1945, following the death of Roosevelt, the new president, Harry S. Truman, continues to support the project, now moved to Los Alamos. When refined uranium-235 is obtained, the first atomic bomb is built, facing stiff resistance in the Pacific War, Truman orders the use of the atomic bomb against Japan in July 1945. Cochran and Nixon are assigned to accompany the crew transporting the bomb to Tinian, while assembling the bomb, the scientist comes into contact with radioactive material and dies. The following day, on August 6,1945, the Enola Gay, after the mission, Nixon returns home to break the news of her husbands death to Cochrans wife. According to The Hollywood Reporter issues of December 1945 and January 1946, MGM, Paramount, the Beginning or the End had a number of working titles, including Atom Bomb, The Manhattan Project and Top Secret. Bob Considine was hired to produce a treatment, which he sent to the script writers. The script underwent a number of revisions, with Ayn Rand being one of the writers, other writers involved with the script were Robert Smith, Frank Spig Wead, Norman Krasna, David Hawkins, John Lee Mahin and Glenn Tryon. Producer Samuel Marx wrote the opening narration, Marx and Donna Reeds husband Tony Owen met with President Harry S. Truman to secure his approval
31.
RKO Pictures
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RKO Pictures Inc. also known as RKO Radio Pictures and in its later years RKO Teleradio Pictures, was an American film production and distribution company. It was one of the Big Five studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, RCA chief David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the companys sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone. By the mid-1940s, the studio was under the control of investor Floyd Odlum, RKO has long been celebrated for its series of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the mid-to-late 1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum had their first major successes at the studio, cary Grant was a mainstay for years. The work of producer Val Lewtons low-budget horror unit and RKOs many ventures into the now known as film noir have been acclaimed, largely after the fact, by film critics. The studio produced two of the most famous films in motion picture history, King Kong and Citizen Kane, RKO Pictures is also a member of Motion Picture Association of America. Maverick industrialist Howard Hughes took over RKO in 1948, after years of turmoil and decline under his control, Hughes sold the troubled studio to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1955. The original RKO Pictures ceased production in 1957 and was dissolved two years later. In 1981, broadcaster RKO General, the heir, revived it as a production subsidiary. In October 1927, Warner Bros. released The Jazz Singer and its success prompted Hollywood to convert from silent to sound film production en masse. The Radio Corporation of America controlled an advanced optical sound-on-film system, RCA Photophone, the industrys two largest major studios, Paramount and Loews/MGM, with two other studios Universal and First National, were poised to contract with ERPI for sound conversion as well. Next on the agenda was securing a string of exhibition venues like those the leading Hollywood production companies owned, Kennedy began investigating the possibility of such a purchase. Around that time, the large Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuit of theaters, built around the medium of live vaudeville, was attempting a transition to the movie business. In mid-1927, the operations of Pathé Exchange and Cecil B. De Milles Producers Distributing Corporation had united under KAOs control, early in 1928, KAO general manager John J. Murdock, who had assumed the presidency of Pathé, turned to Kennedy as an adviser in consolidating the studio with De Milles company, PDC. This was the relationship Sarnoff and Kennedy sought, on October 23,1928, RCA announced the creation of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum holding company, with Sarnoff as chairman of the board. Kennedy, who withdrew from his positions in the merged companies, kept Pathé separate from RKO. RCA owned the governing stock interest in RKO,22 percent, in the early 1930s, the companys production and distribution arm, presided over by former FBO vice-president Joseph I
32.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
33.
Green Dolphin Street
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Green Dolphin Street is a 1947 historical drama film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and based on the novel by Elizabeth Goudge. In the 1840s, on an island in the English Channel, two sisters, Marguerite and Marianne Patourel, daughters of the wealthy Octavius Patourel, fall in love with the same man, William Ozanne. Having settled in New Zealand, William writes a letter to the family proposing marriage to one of the sisters, the father cannot read the letter, so the mother does. The letter asks for Mariannes hand in marriage, Marianne, decides to set off for New Zealand to be with him. William expecting Marguerite, realizes later when he sees Marianne come off the boat that he wrote the name in the letter. When the mother is on her deathbed, she tells Marguerite a story about love and marriage and tells her to apply it to her own life, the film was directed by Victor Saville and produced by Carey Wilson. Hart and Heflin, who played romantic rivals in Green Dolphin Street, were similarly cast in B. F. s Daughter, hart made only four feature films before his death at an early age, two of them co-starring Heflin. The film was one of the most popular movies at the British box office in 1948 and it earned $4,304,000 in the US and Canada and $2,869,000 elsewhere, but because of its high cost only recorded a profit of $339,000. In 1948, the won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated in the categories Cinematography, Film Editing, Sound Recording and Special Effects. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2005, AFIs 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated The films title song, Green Dolphin Street, Green Dolphin Street was presented on Lux Radio Theatre September 19,1949. The adaptation starred Turner, Heflin, and Peter Lawford
34.
Lana Turner
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Lana Turner was an American actress. Over the course of her nearly fifty-year career, Turner would achieve notoriety as both a model and a serious dramatic actress, as well as for her highly publicized personal life. In 1951, she was named the most glamorous woman in the history of international art, Turner was discovered in 1937 by William R. Wilkerson, founder of The Hollywood Reporter. At the age of 16, she was signed to a contract by Warner Bros. director Mervyn LeRoy. Turner attracted attention in her first film, LeRoys They Wont Forget and her auburn hair was bleached blonde for a 1939 film at MGM, and she remained blonde for the rest of her life, except for a few film roles. During the early 1940s, Turner established herself as an actress in such films as Johnny Eager, Honky Tonk, Ziegfeld Girl. She appeared in the 1941 horror film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and her popularity continued through the 1950s in such films as The Bad and the Beautiful and Peyton Place, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Turners next film, Imitation of Life, proved to be one of the greatest financial successes of her career, Turner spent most of the 1970s and early 1980s in semiretirement, only working occasionally. In 1982, she accepted a much publicized and lucrative recurring guest role in the television series Falcon Crest, Turner made her final film appearance in 1985, and died from throat cancer in 1995, aged 74. Lana Turner was born Julia Jean Turner on February 8,1921, in the mining town of Wallace. She was of Dutch, English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, until her film career took off, young Julia Turner was known to family and friends as Judy. Turner expressed interest in performance at an age, performing short routines at her fathers Elks chapter in Wallace. Hard times eventually forced the family to relocate to San Francisco, California, on December 14,1930, her father won some money at a traveling craps game, stuffed his winnings in his left sock, and headed for home. He was later murdered on the corner of Minnesota and Mariposa Streets, on the edge of San Franciscos Potrero Hill. The robbery and homicide were never solved, Turner attended a Catholic church in Stockton, California with a local family. She converted to Catholicism taking the saints names Mildred Frances after her mother, in the mid-1930s, Mildred developed health problems and was advised by her doctor to move to a drier climate, she moved to Los Angeles with her daughter in 1936. Mildred and Lana were very poor, and Turner was sometimes separated from her mother and her mother worked eighty hours a week as a beautician to support them. After Turner was discovered, her mother became the overseer of her career, Turners discovery in Hollywood is considered by film historians to be a show-business legend
35.
Van Heflin
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Van Heflin was an American theatre, radio and film actor. He played mostly character parts over the course of his film career and he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Johnny Eager. Heflin was born Emmett Evan Heflin, Jr. in Walters, Oklahoma, the son of Fanny Bleecker and Dr. Emmett Evan Heflin and he was of Irish and French ancestry. Heflins sister was Daytime Emmy-nominated actress Frances Heflin, Heflin attended Classen High School in Oklahoma City and the University of Oklahoma, where he received a bachelors degree in 1932 and was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He earned a degree in theater at Yale University. Heflin began his career on Broadway in the early 1930s before being signed to a contract by RKO Radio Pictures. He made his debut in A Woman Rebels, opposite Katharine Hepburn. MGM began to groom him as a man in B movies. Heflin continued to hone his skills throughout the early 1940s. Heflin served during World War II in the United States Army Air Corps as a cameraman in the Ninth Air Force in Europe. Heflin also performed on stage throughout his acting career, playing a huge variety of roles in both films and on stage, probably his best-known film became the 1953 classic western Shane, in which he co-starred with Alan Ladd. As Joe Starrett, the plain, honest farmer who tries to unite a small community of sodbusters his performance is a bedrock of the film, although it was not recognised among the awards of 1953. The Adventures of Philip Marlowe was a detective drama that aired from June 17,1947, through September 15,1951. He also acted on the Lux Radio Theatre, Suspense, Cavalcade of America and his film Cry of Battle was playing at the Texas Theatre in Dallas on November 22,1963. His name and the title appear on the marquee. It was that theater where Lee Harvey Oswald was apprehended in the aftermath of President Kennedys assassination, Heflin appeared in a short but dramatic role as an eyewitness of Jesus raising of Lazarus from death in the 1965 Bible film, The Greatest Story Ever Told. After seeing the miracle he ran from Bethany to the walls of Jerusalem and he played D. O. Guerrero, a failure who schemes to blow himself up on an airliner so that his wife can collect on a life insurance policy. After a six-month marriage to actress Eleanor Shaw, he married RKO contract player Frances Neal and they had two daughters, actresses Vana OBrien and Cathleen Heflin, and a son, Tracy
36.
Scandal Sheet (1952 film)
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Scandal Sheet is a 1952 black-and-white film noir directed by Phil Karlson. The film is based on the novel The Dark Page by Samuel Fuller, the drama features Broderick Crawford, Donna Reed and John Derek. A newspaper man, Mark Chapman, takes over an ailing New York daily newspaper, the fictional New York Express, the mans wife, whom he left penniless years ago, resurfaces and threatens to blackmail him. He kills her, accidentally, but then tries to cover it up, meanwhile, the papers star reporter Steve McClearly begins investigating the unsolved murder. As McClearly, and feature writer Julie Allison dig deeper, the noose begins to tighten around Chapmans neck, a former Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Express, Charlie Barnes, who has become alcoholic, stumbles upon Chapman in the Bowery, who gives Barnes a cash handout. Accidentally included in the handout is a shop receipt for the dead womans suitcase. Barnes claims the suitcase and finds that Chapman is the murderer, McCleary thinks that Barnes is too drunk and is calling in a phony story, which angers Barnes and makes him threaten to take the story to a competitor, the fictional Daily Leader. Chapman hears about Barnes going to the Daily Leader and he accosts Barnes near the newspapers headquarters and kills him. After the war Fuller did a treatment and Sidney Buchman wrote a script, John Payne was originally offered the lead, then Dennis OKeefe and Orson Welles were announced as stars. But apart from a bit of discussion of the publics avid taste for thrills and chills. The moral of all this nonsense, we would gather, is meant to be that corruption breeds corruption. Critic Dennis Schwartz called the drama a hard-hitting film noir thriller and he wrote, Burnett Guffeys splashy black-and-white photography is filled with New York City atmosphere and the whirlwind energy buzzing around a press room. The Academy Film Archive preserved Scandal Sheet in 1997
37.
Montgomery Clift
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Edward Montgomery Monty Clift was an American film and stage actor. The New York Times’ obituary of Clift noted his portrayal of moody and he received four Academy Award nominations during his career, three for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor. Clift was born on October 17,1920, in Omaha and his father, William Brooks Clift, was a vice-president of Omaha National Trust Company. His mother was the former Ethel Fogg Anderson, mostly called Sunny, Clift had English, as well as Dutch and Scottish ancestry. Sunny Clift was an adopted child, at eighteen shed been told that her real father and mother were members of prominent Yankee families, forced to part by the tyrannical will of the girls mother. She spent the rest of her trying to gain the recognition of her alleged relations. Part of her effort was her determination that her children should be brought up in the style of true aristocrats, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression of the 1930s ruined Bill Clift financially. Montgomery, however, could not adjust to school and never went to college, instead, he took to stage acting, beginning in a summer production which led, by 1935, to his debut on Broadway. He appeared in plays written by Moss Hart, Robert Sherwood, Lillian Hellman, Tennessee Williams and Thornton Wilder, creating the part of Henry in the original production of The Skin of Our Teeth. In 1939, as a member of the cast of the 1939 Broadway production of Noël Cowards Hay Fever, a performance of Hay Fever was aired during the New York Worlds Fair as part of the introduction of television. It is not likely that any recording of the broadcast exists and he resided in Jackson Heights, Queens, until he got his break on Broadway. He first acted on Broadway when, at just 15-years-of-age, he appeared as Prince Peter in the Cole Porter musical Jubilee on Broadway, at 20, he played the son in the Broadway production of There Shall Be No Night, which won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize. At the age of 25, he moved to Hollywood and his first movie role was opposite John Wayne in Red River, which was shot in 1946 and released in 1948. His second movie was The Search, Clift was unhappy with the quality of the script, and edited it himself. The movie was awarded a screenwriting Academy Award for the credited writers, Clifts performance saw him nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. His naturalistic performance led to director Fred Zinnemanns being asked, Where did you find a soldier who can act so well, Clifts next movie was The Heiress. He signed on for the movie in order to avoid being typecast, again unhappy with the script, Clift told friends that he wanted to change his co-star Olivia de Havillands lines because she isnt giving me enough to respond. Clift also was unable to get along with most of the cast, he criticized de Havilland, the studio marketed Clift as a sex symbol prior to the movies release in 1949
38.
Pediatrics
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Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18-21 years of age. A medical practitioner who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, the word pediatrics and its cognates mean healer of children, they derive from two Greek words, παῖς and ἰατρός. Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly working in its specialized subfields such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians. Pediatrics is known as a new modern medicine in the society today, hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus, and Galen, understood the differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment, Ex toto non sic pueri ut viri curari debent. Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where childrens doctors were called kumara bhrtya, sushruta Samhita an ayurvedic text, composed during the sixth century BC contains the text about pediatrics. Another ayurvedic text from this period is Kashyapa Samhita, a second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics. Byzantine physicians Oribasius, Aëtius of Amida, Alexander Trallianus, islamic writers served as a bridge for Greco-Roman and Byzantine medicine and added ideas of their own, especially Haly Abbas, Serapion, Avicenna, and Averroes. The Persian scholar and doctor al-Razi published a treatise on diseases among children. The first book about pediatrics was Libellus de aegritudinibus et remediis infantium 1472 and he was born in Germany, where he received his medical training, but later practiced in New York City. The first generally accepted pediatric hospital is the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, in 1852 Britains first pediatric hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Streets. The first Childrens hospital in Scotland opened in 1860 in Edinburgh, in the US, the first similar institutions were the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, which opened in 1855, and then Boston Childrens Hospital. The body size differences are paralleled by maturation changes, the smaller body of an infant or neonate is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians. A common adage is that children are not simply little adults, the clinician must take into account the immature physiology of the infant or child when considering symptoms, prescribing medications, and diagnosing illnesses. A major difference between the practice of pediatric and adult medicine is that children, in most jurisdictions and with certain exceptions, the issues of guardianship, privacy, legal responsibility and informed consent must always be considered in every pediatric procedure. Pediatricians often have to treat the parents and sometimes, the family, adolescents are in their own legal class, having rights to their own health care decisions in certain circumstances. The training of pediatricians varies considerably across the world, depending on jurisdiction and university, a medical degree course may be either undergraduate-entry or graduate-entry. The former commonly takes five or six years, and has been usual in the Commonwealth, entrants to graduate-entry courses, usually lasting four or five years, have previously completed a three- or four-year university degree, commonly but by no means always in sciences
39.
Carl Betz
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Carl Lawrence Betz was an American stage, film and television actor. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Betz participated in childhood theatricals and he graduated from Mt. Lebanon High School in 1939 and then served in the military. Following military service, he graduated from Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh, between 1967 and 1969, he played defense attorney Clinton Judd in ABCs Judd for the Defense, and won an Emmy Award in 1969 for his work. After graduating from Mount Lebanon High School, in 1939, he won a scholarship to Duquesne University, during the summer, Betz performed in a Pittsburgh summer stock company and decided to transfer to Carnegie Mellon University, then known as Carnegie Tech, in Pittsburgh to study drama. His education was interrupted when, in 1942, he was drafted into the United States Army and he served in Italy and North Africa during World War II and eventually became a technical sergeant with the Corps of Engineers. After the war, Betz returned to Carnegie Tech and earned a degree in drama, after graduation, Betz worked as a radio announcer and disk jockey before moving to New York City. He continued working in summer and winter stock companies and also worked as a doorman at Radio City Music Hall, Betz made his Broadway debut in 1952 in The Long Watch, and toured with Veronica Lake in the summer stock play, The Voice of the Turtle. He then appeared for 18 months as Collie Jordan on Love of Life, prior to his eight-year run on The Donna Reed Show, Betz made guest appearances on such television series as Sheriff of Cochise, Perry Mason, Gunsmoke, The Millionaire and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. In 1958, Betz was cast as pediatrician Dr. Alex Stone in ABC sitcom The Donna Reed Show, the show revolves around the home and school problems of a middle-class American family in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Alex was often called upon to rescue wife Donna Stone from awkward situations and to monitor the behavior of their children, Mary, Jeff Stone introduced the sentimental hit song My Dad in a 1962 episode, specifically singing the tune to Betz. The series was a hit for ABC and aired for eight seasons from September 1958 to March 1966, during the run of the series, Betz continued acting in stage roles during the shows hiatus. In 1964, he appeared as Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon in a stage run of The Night of the Iguana. After Donna Reeds cancellation, Betz returned to roles and stage work. In 1967, producer Paul Monash offered Betz the role of defense lawyer Clinton Judd in the drama, Judd. Monash had seen Betzs performance in Night of the Iguana in 1964 and was impressed with his acting, Betz initially thought the role was for a guest spot but soon realized Monash had proposed that he star in a new series. Betz initially had misgivings, stating I did not want to do another series, you get bored, the series, which premiered on ABC in September 1967, was praised by critics but struggled in the ratings. Shortly after ABC canceled the series in 1969, Betz won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series for his work on the series. He also made many guest appearances on a variety of television shows such as Mission, Impossible, The Mod Squad, Love, American Style
40.
Paul Petersen
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William Paul Petersen is an American actor, singer, novelist, and activist. Petersen first rose to prominence in the 1950s playing Jeff Stone on The Donna Reed Show, and transitioned to a singing career in the 1960s. In the early 1980s, he had a role as a police officer on Matt Houston. Petersen began his business career at the age of ten as a Mouseketeer on the Mickey Mouse Club. He appeared in the 1958 movie Houseboat with Sophia Loren and Cary Grant, after The Donna Reed Show ended, Peterson had a small role as Tony Biddle in the 1967 musical film The Happiest Millionaire. He also appeared in many guest roles, including one as a officer in the short-lived 1967 ABC western series Custer. He also made a guest appearance on F Troop as Johnny Eagle Eye that aired on April 12,1966. With the fame he achieved on The Donna Reed Show, Petersen received recording offers and had hit singles with the songs She Cant Find Her Keys, Amy. In 1962, the teen pop song, My Dad, was performed on The Donna Reed Show with Petersen singing the tune to his on-screen father. Released as a single in the year, it reached No.6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. He also recorded for Motown/Tamla throughout the 1960s releasing such singles as Chained, after his years as a child actor, Petersen returned to university and obtained a degree in literature. He went on to write sixteen adventure novels, Petersens authorship began after he met David Oliphant, a New York publisher visiting Los Angeles. His first novel concerned car racing, thereafter, he created a Matt Helm-type hero, Eric Saveman, also known as The Smuggler. In one year, Pocket Books published eight of his Smuggler novels, in 1977, Petersens autobiography entitled Walt, Mickey and Me, Confessions of the First Ex-Mouseketeer was published. He is currently a member of the Donna Reed Foundation and works for the Donna Reed Festival. He also currently serves on the board of directors of Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, Petersen has been married three times. His first marriage was to actress Brenda Benet and they married in 1967 and divorced in 1970. In 1974, he married Hallie Litman with whom he had two children, in December 1992, Petersen married Rana Jo Platz to whom he is still married
41.
Shelley Fabares
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Michele Ann Marie Shelley Fabares is an American actress and singer. Fabares is known for her roles as Donna Reeds daughter Mary Stone on The Donna Reed Show and she was Elvis Presleys co-star in three films. In 1962, her recording of Johnny Angel reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, michele Ann Marie Fabares was born in Santa Monica, California. She is the niece of actress Nanette Fabray, Fabares began acting at age three, and at age 10 made her television debut in an episode of Letter to Loretta. After guest-starring on various series, Fabares landed the role of Mary Stone in the long-running family sitcom The Donna Reed Show. Her national popularity led to a contract and two Top 40 hits, including Johnny Angel, which went to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in April 1962. It sold over one million copies and was certified gold, Fabares left The Donna Reed Show in 1963 to pursue a film career. She appeared in a number of pictures, including three Elvis Presley movies, Girl Happy, Spinout, and Clambake, the most by any one actress. In two other 1960s movies, she played the love interest of Peter Noone of Hermans Hermits in Hold On. and of a young Hank Williams, Jr. in A Time to Sing. During the 1970s, Fabares appeared on television series, including Love, American Style, The Rockford Files, The Interns, Mannix, The Practice, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. In 1971, she starred along with Billy Dee Williams and James Caan in the successful TV movie Brians Song, Caan played Piccolo, and she played his wife, Joy. In 1981, Fabares played Francine Webster on One Day at a Time, in 1989, she won the role of Christine Armstrong Fox on the ABC sitcom Coach. After Coach ended in 1997, Fabares voiced the role of Martha Ma Kent in Superman and she reprised the role twice, once for a 2003 episode of Justice League and again for the 2006 direct-to-video film Superman, Brainiac Attacks. Fabares was a friend of Annette Funicello, whom she met in catechism class in the seventh grade. She was at Annettes bedside with her family when she died of multiple sclerosis on April 8,2013, Fabares married record and movie producer Lou Adler in June 1964, separated in 1966, and was divorced in 1980. In 1984, she married actor Mike Farrell, and is stepmother to his two children, Erin and Michael, in October 2000, Fabares received a life-saving liver transplant after being diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis
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American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
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Divorce
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Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void, with legal separation or de jure separation or with de facto separation. Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash, the only countries that do not allow divorce are the Philippines, the Vatican City and the British Crown Dependency of Sark. The Vatican City is a state, which has no procedure for divorce. Countries that have relatively recently legalized divorce are Italy, Portugal, Brazil, Spain, Argentina, Paraguay, Colombia, Andorra, Ireland, Chile, grounds for divorce vary widely from country to country. Marriage may be seen as a contract, a status, or a combination of these, where it is seen as a contract, the refusal or inability of one spouse to perform the obligations stipulated in the contract may constitute a ground for divorce for the other spouse. In contrast, in countries, divorce is purely no fault. Many jurisdictions offer both the option of a no fault divorce as well as an at fault divorce and this is the case, for example, in many US states. Though divorce laws vary between jurisdictions, there are two approaches to divorce, fault based and no-fault based. In some jurisdictions one spouse may be forced to pay the fees of another spouse. Laws vary as to the period before a divorce is effective. However, issues of division of property are determined by the law of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. In Europe, divorce laws differ from country to country, reflecting differing legal and cultural traditions, in some countries, particularly in some former communist countries, divorce can be obtained only on one single general ground of irretrievable breakdown of the marriage. Yet, what such a breakdown of the marriage is interpreted very differently from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Separation constitutes a ground of divorce in some European countries. g. in the laws of Latvia. Divorce laws are not static, they often change reflecting evolving social norms of societies, some countries have completely overhauled their divorce laws, such as Spain in 2005, and Portugal in 2008. A new divorce law also came into force in September 2007 in Belgium, bulgaria also modified its divorce regulations in 2009. e. The negotiations with the participation of an advocate or agreement made before the registrar of Public Registry Office, Austria, instead, is a European country where the divorce law still remains conservative. The liberalization of laws is not without opposition, particularly in the United States
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United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
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