1.
La Fayette, Illinois
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La Fayette is a village in Stark County, Illinois, United States. The population was 223 at the 2010 census, down from 227 in 2000 and it is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. La Fayette is located at 41°6′35″N 89°58′25″W, according to the 2010 census, La Fayette has a total area of 0.19 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 227 people,91 households, the population density was 1,235.2 people per square mile. There were 93 housing units at a density of 506.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 48% White,0. 44% Asian,1. 76% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 76% of the population. 24. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.98. In the village, the population was out with 27. 3% under the age of 18,5. 3% from 18 to 24,22. 9% from 25 to 44,23. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males, the median income for a household in the village was $26,563, and the median income for a family was $28,125. Males had an income of $28,125 versus $20,893 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,002. About 9. 0% of families and 13. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. 3% of those under the age of eighteen and 13. 0% of those sixty five or over
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
4.
Otis Chandler
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Otis Chandler was the publisher of the Los Angeles Times between 1960 and 1980, leading a large expansion of the newspaper and its ambitions. He was the fourth and final member of the Chandler family to hold the top position. Chandler made improvement of the quality a top priority, succeeding in raising the products reputation. Chandlers family owned a stake in the newspaper since his great-grandfather Harrison Gray Otis joined the company in 1882 and he was the son of Norman Chandler, his predecessor as publisher, and Dorothy Buffum Chandler, a patron of the arts and a Regent of the University of California. Chandler was raised to share his familys distaste for labor unions, as a child, each year his parents held a memorial for the 1910 Los Angeles Times bombing, linked to political agitators, that killed 20 Times workers. I was raised to hate the unions, Chandler said, oats was Chandlers nickname within the family. Times editorial page editor Anthony Day observed that Chandler had been raised to be a prince, throughout his life, Chandler complained that his family was not properly respected by East Coast elites. About attending an exclusive East Coast boarding school, he said, I was strictly a tall, skinny blond kid from California. Chandler was raised on a 10-acre citrus ranch in Sierra Madre owned by his parents, despite his familys wealth, Chandlers father insisted that he perform field labor and did not spoil him with gifts. There Chandler spent much of his time alone, later in life unable to name a single childhood friend, Chandler first attended the Polytechnic School in Pasadena, often making his commute by bicycle. Later he would attend the Cate School boarding school in Carpinteria before his parents elected to send him east to attend Phillips Academy in Andover. At the time he enrolled at Phillips, Chandler weighed 155 pounds, as a student he competed in basketball, soccer, the high jump, running and weightlifting. By the time of graduation, he weighed 200 pounds, Chandler enrolled at his parents alma mater, Stanford University, in 1946. Like his father, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, at Stanford he was a successful shot putter. He broke the school record with a toss of 48 feet. As a weightlifter, Chandler finished third in the competing in the heavyweight division. A sprained wrist kept him from competing as a shot putter for the United States in the 1952 Summer Olympics. After graduation, Chandler tried to enroll in an Air Force training program, instead, he spent 1951 to 1953 in the Air Forces ground service, as a co-captain of the track team and supervisor of athletics and drama at Camp Stoneman in Pittsburg, California
5.
Harrison Gray Otis (publisher)
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Harrison Gray Otis was the president and general manager of the Times-Mirror Company, publisher of the Los Angeles Times. Otis was born near Marietta, Ohio, on February 10,1837 and his father was from Vermont and his mother, a native of Nova Scotia, Canada, came to Ohio from Boston, Massachusetts, with her family. The young Otis received schooling until he was fourteen, when he became an apprentice at the Noble County Courier in Ohio. He was a Kentucky delegate to the Republican National Convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, he left his job as a compositor in the office of the Louisville Journal to volunteer as a private for the Union army, Otis fought in the 23rd Ohio Infantry. He was promoted through the ranks and was made an officer and he was wounded twice in battle, was twice breveted for gallant and meritorious conduct and was promoted seven times. After the war, Otis was Official Reporter of the Ohio House of Representatives, then moved to Washington, D. C. where he was a government official, correspondent and he left that position in 1881 to return to Santa Barbara. Beginning August 1,1882, he was to have the conduct of the Daily Times and Weekly Mirror. Later the company was named Times-Mirror, and on April 6,1886, it was reorganized, with Albert McFarland and W. A. Spalding as owners and Otis as president and that was Otiss official title at the time of his death in 1917. The Times story about his demise noted that the Times-Mirror Company was publishers of the Los Angeles Daily Times, the article called Otis the principal owner of the newspaper but never referred to him as publisher. Eleven years earlier, however the Associated Press had called him publisher of the Los Angeles Times, when the Spanish–American War broke out in 1898, Otis asked President William McKinley for an appointment as Assistant Secretary of War. But Secretary of War Russell A. Alger did not want the conservative Otis serving under him, Otis thereupon again volunteered for the Army and was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He did not see any action against the Spanish, but commanded the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Otis was known for his conservative political views, which were reflected in the paper. His home was one of three buildings that were targeted in the 1910 Los Angeles Times bombing, during his time as publisher of the Times Otis is known for coining the phrase You are either with me, or against me. His support for his city was instrumental in the growth of the city. He was a member of a group of investors who bought land in the San Fernando Valley based on knowledge that the Los Angeles Aqueduct would soon irrigate it. He died on July 30,1917 at the home of his son-in-law, list of Los Angeles Times publishers PBS biography Otis biography in the Bancroft Library Harrison Gray Otis Album of California Scenes, around 1890–1910, in the Bancroft Library
6.
Harry Chandler
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He attended Dartmouth College, and on a dare, he jumped into a vat of starch that had frozen over during winter, which led to severe pneumonia. He withdrew from Dartmouth and moved to Los Angeles for his health, Otis liked this entrepreneurial young man and hired him as the Times’ general manager. Harry married Otis’s daughter, Marian Otis, in 1894, the couple had six children together and also raised two daughters from Harrys first marriage. Upon Otis’s death in 1917, Harry took over the reins as publisher of the Times, transforming it into the newspaper in the West. For three straight years in the 1920s, under his leadership, the Times led all other American newspapers in advertising space, much of his boundless energy and dreams were however directed to transforming Los Angeles. As a community builder and large-scale real estate speculator, he became arguably the leading citizen of Los Angeles in the first half of the 20th century. As a real estate investor, he was a partner in syndicates that owned and developed much of the San Fernando Valley, the Hollywoodland sign was used to promote the development. Chandlers other real estate projects included Mulholland Drive, much of Dana Point, the Tejon Ranch, the Vermejo Park Ranch, and the C&M ranch. Harry Chandler was a notable eugenicist during his time as President of the Los Angeles Times, and was a member of the Human Betterment Foundation, a Congregationalist in religion, he abstained from alcohol, lived frugally, and commuted by foot whenever possible. His favorite charity was the Salvation Army and he was an indefatigable worker and forthright in his editorial positions. For his comments on the decisions in certain labor cases still in the process of appeal. His conviction was overturned by the United States Supreme Court in 1941 - a landmark decision for freedom of the press, for their role in the decision Chandler and the Times won their first Pulitzer Prize. On February 6,1888, Harry married Magdalena Schlador whose brother worked at the Los Angeles Times and they had a daughter, Francesca, born April 7,1890 and a second daughter, Alice May, born July 24,1892. Sadly Magdalena, who Harry called May, died of fever two weeks after Alice Mays birth on August 4,1892 at the age of twenty nine.3 Chandler went on to marry Marian Otis in 1894. Francesca and Alice May were soon joined by Constance, Ruth, Norman, Harrison Gray Otis, Chandler died on September 23,1944 from a heart attack. He and Marian are buried at Hollywood Forever Cemetery on Santa Monica Boulevard, Harrison Gray Otiss memorial is nearby. Harrys oldest son, Norman Chandler, took charge of the Los Angeles Times after Harrys death, Chandler Boulevard, a major street in the San Fernando Valley, is named for Harry Chandler. The Powers That Be, David Halberstam, Dell Books,1986 Privileged Son, Otis Chandler, Times Dynasty, Dennis McDougal, Perseus Publishing,2001 The Ancestry of Harry Chandler by Gwendolyn Garland Babcock
7.
Long Beach, California
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Long Beach is the 36th most populous city in the United States and the 7th most populous in California. It is located on the Pacific Coast of the United States, as of 2010, its population was 462,257. Long Beach is the second largest city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the worlds largest shipping ports. The city also maintains a progressively declining oil industry with minor wells located both directly beneath the city as well as offshore, manufacturing sectors include those in aircraft, automotive parts, electronic equipment, audiovisual equipment, petrochemicals, precision metals and home furnishings. Long Beach lies in the corner of Los Angeles County. Downtown Long Beach is approximately 22 miles south of Downtown Los Angeles, indigenous people have lived in coastal Southern California for over 10,000 years, and several successive cultures have inhabited the present-day area of Long Beach. By the 16th-century arrival of Spanish explorers, the dominant group were the Tongva people and they had at least three major settlements within the present-day city. Tevaaxaanga was a settlement near the Los Angeles River, while Ahwaanga and Povuunga were coastal villages. Along with other Tongva villages, they were forced to relocate in the century due to missionization, political change. In 1784 the Spanish Empires King Carlos III granted Rancho Los Nietos to Spanish soldier Manuel Nieto, the Rancho Los Cerritos and Rancho Los Alamitos were divided from this territory. The boundary between the two ran through the center of Signal Hill on a southwest to northeast diagonal. A portion of western Long Beach was originally part of the Rancho San Pedro and its boundaries were in dispute for years, due to flooding changing the Los Angeles River boundary, between the ranchos of Juan Jose Dominguez and Manuel Nieto. In 1843 Jonathan Temple bought Rancho Los Cerritos, having arrived in California in 1827 from New England and he built what is now known as the Los Cerritos Ranch House, a still-standing adobe which is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his house played important local roles in the Mexican–American War. On an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an attempt to establish a colony. Two years previous Flint, Bixby & Co had also purchased along with Northern California associate James Irvine, to manage Rancho Los Cerritos, the company selected Lewellyns brother Jotham Bixby, the Father of Long Beach. Three years later Bixby bought into the property and would form the Bixby Land Company
