1.
Underground Railroad
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The term is also applied to the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives. Various other routes led to Mexico or overseas, an earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the American Revolution. However, the now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the late 1700s. One estimate suggests that by 1850,100,000 slaves had escaped via the Railroad, British North America, where slavery was prohibited, was a popular destination, as its long border gave many points of access. Most former slaves settled in Ontario, more than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period, although U. S. Census figures account for only 6,000. Numerous fugitives stories are documented in the 1872 book The Underground Railroad Records by William Still, the resulting economic impact was minuscule, but the psychological influence on slaveholders was immense. With heavy lobbying by Southern politicians, the Compromise of 1850 was passed by Congress after the Mexican–American War, because the law required sparse documentation to claim a person was a fugitive, slave catchers also kidnapped free blacks, especially children, and sold them into slavery. Southern politicians often exaggerated the number of escaped slaves and often blamed escapes on Northerners interfering with Southern property rights. The law deprived suspected slaves of the right to themselves in court. In a de facto bribe, judges were paid a fee for a decision that confirmed a suspect as a slave than for one ruling that the suspect was free. Many Northerners who might have ignored slave issues in the South were confronted by local challenges that bound them to support slavery. This was a primary grievance cited by the Union during the American Civil War, the escape network was not literally underground nor a railroad. It was figuratively underground in the sense of being an underground resistance and it was known as a railroad by way of the use of rail terminology in the code. The Underground Railroad consisted of meeting points, secret routes, transportation, and safe houses, escaped slaves would move north along the route from one way station to the next. Conductors on the railroad came from various backgrounds and included blacks, white abolitionists, former slaves. Without the presence and support of black residents, there would have been almost no chance for fugitive slaves to pass into freedom unmolested. To reduce the risk of infiltration, many associated with the Underground Railroad knew only their part of the operation. Conductors led or transported the fugitives from station to station, a conductor sometimes pretended to be a slave in order to enter a plantation
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
DuPage County, Illinois
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DuPage County is a county in the U. S. state of Illinois, and one of the collar counties of the Chicago metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the population was 916,924, with a population nearing one million, DuPage County has become mostly developed and suburbanized, although some small pockets of farmland remain in the countys western part. The county has a vast socioeconomic profile, residents of Hinsdale, Naperville, in 2010, Midwest Living voted Hinsdale the Midwests second wealthiest town, the first being Fairway, Kansas. In stark contrast, the unincorporated area of Downers Grove Township in the southern part of the county is very blue collar. DuPage County was formed on 9 February 1839 out of Cook County, the county took its name from the DuPage River, which was, in turn, named after a French fur trapper, DuPage. The DuPage River and the Salt Creek flow through DuPage County, according to the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, the highest point in the county is located at the Mallard Lake Landfill, which at its highest point is 982 feet above mean sea level. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.56 inches in February to 4.60 inches in August, the population of foreign-born residents increased from about 71,300 in 1990 to 171,000 by 2009 estimates. 22. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.27. In the county, the population was out with 26. 70% under the age of 18,8. 20% from 18 to 24,32. 40% from 25 to 44,22. 80% from 45 to 64 and 9. 80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females, there were 97.20 males. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $77,441 and the median income for a family was $93,086. Males had an income of $60,909 versus $41,346 for females. The mean or average income for a family in DuPage County is $121,009, the per capita income for the county was $38,458. About 2. 40% of families and 3. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, DuPage County has several hundred Christian churches. Well-known churches include Community Christian Church of Naperville, College Church of Wheaton, Wheaton Bible Church, there is also a large Catholic contingency, part of the Diocese of Joliet, and a Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Glendale Heights. Islamic mosques are located in Villa Park, Naperville, Glendale Heights, Willowbrook, Westmont, Lombard, Bolingbrook, Addison, Woodale, West Chicago, and unincorporated Glen Ellyn. There are Hindu temples in Bartlett, Bensenville, Bloomingdale, Carol Stream, Itasca and Medinah, there is a Nichiren Shōshū Zen Buddhist temple in West Chicago and a Theravada Buddhist Temple, called the Buddha-Dharma Meditation Center, in Willowbrook. There is also a Reform synagogue, Congregation Etz Chaim, in Lombard, DuPage County is the primary location of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor
4.
Downers Grove Township, DuPage County, Illinois
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Downers Grove Township is one of nine townships in DuPage County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 146,795 and it is the largest township in the county, both in terms of area and population. Downers Grove Township is named for Pierce Downer, who settled in the neighborhood about 1830, in the mid 1800s Dexter Stanley donated land to build the Oak Hill Cemetery. Along with the adjacent Oak Crest Cemetery, both are used today as Township maintained Cemeteries. According to the 2010 census, the township has an area of 50.93 square miles. Interstate 55 Interstate 88 Interstate 355 U. S, United States Census Bureau 2008 TIGER/Line Shapefiles United States National Atlas City-Data. com Illinois State Archives Township Officials of Illinois Downers Grove Township
5.
Lisle Township, DuPage County, Illinois
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Lisle Township is one of nine townships in DuPage County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 116,268, according to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.97 square miles, of which 35.36 square miles is land and 0.61 square miles is water. United States Census Bureau 2008 TIGER/Line Shapefiles United States National Atlas City-Data. com Illinois State Archives Township Officials of Illinois
6.
York Township, DuPage County, Illinois
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York Township is one of nine townships in DuPage County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 123,449, according to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.67 square miles, of which 35.07 square miles is land and 0.61 square miles is water. Interstate 88 Interstate 290 Interstate 294 Interstate 355 U. S, United States Census Bureau 2008 TIGER/Line Shapefiles United States National Atlas City-Data. com Illinois State Archives Township Officials of Illinois
7.
2010 United States Census
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The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
8.
Central Time Zone
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The North American Central Time Zone is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, during summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time, and changes to Central Daylight Time which is five hours behind UTC. The province of Manitoba is the province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas. Also, most of the province of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time year-round, major exceptions include Lloydminster, a city situated on the boundary between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city charter stipulates that it shall observe Mountain Time and DST, putting the community on the time as all of Alberta, including the major cities of Calgary. As a result, during the summer, clocks in the province match those in Alberta. The Central Time Zone is the second most populous in the US after the Eastern Time Zone, lanett and Valley observe Eastern Time historically because they were textile mill towns and the original home office of their mills was in West Point, Georgia. Some eastern counties observe Central Time because they are close to the border of the Middle Tennessee counties surrounding the Nashville metropolitan area. Louisiana Michigan, All of Michigan observes Eastern Time except the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin, other westernmost counties from this area such as Ontonagon observe Eastern Time. South Dakota, Eastern half as divided by the Missouri river adjacent to the state capital, note, the metropolitan area of Pierre is Central, including Fort Pierre. Wisconsin Most of Mexico—roughly the eastern three-fourths—lies in the Central Time Zone, except for six northwestern states, the federal entities of Mexico that observe Central Time, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua all use Central Standard Time year-round. The Galápagos Islands in Ecuador uses Central Standard Time all year-round, Daylight saving time is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time and is UTC−5, in Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a change is that, geographically. The province elected to move onto permanent daylight saving by being part of the Central Time Zone, Mexico decided not to go along with this change and observes their horario de verano from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U. S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010
9.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
10.
UTC-5
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UTC−05,00 is a time offset that subtracts five hours from Coordinated Universal Time. In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, the western Caribbean uses it year round. The southwestern and northwestern portions of Indiana Mexico – Central Zone Central, in most of Mexico, daylight time starts a few weeks after the United States. Communities on the U. S. border that observe Central Time follow the U. S. daylight time schedule
11.
Geographic Names Information System
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It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names to promote the standardization of feature names, the database is part of a system that includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps that confirm the feature or place name are cited, variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. Each feature receives a permanent, unique feature record identifier, sometimes called the GNIS identifier, the database never removes an entry, except in cases of obvious duplication. The GNIS accepts proposals for new or changed names for U. S. geographical features, the general public can make proposals at the GNIS web site and can review the justifications and supporters of the proposals. The Bureau of the Census defines Census Designated Places as a subset of locations in the National Geographic Names Database, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28 gives standards for addressing mail. In this publication, the postal service defines two-letter state abbreviations, street identifiers such as boulevard and street, department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, Digital Gazeteer, Users Manual. Least Heat Moon, William, Blue Highways, A Journey Into America, standard was withdrawn in September 2008, See Federal Register Notice, Vol.73, No. 170, page 51276 Report, Principles, Policies, and Procedures, Domestic Geographic Names, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28, November 2000. Board on Geographic Names website Geographic Names Information System Proposals from the general public Meeting minutes
12.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
13.
Eponym
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An eponym is a person, place, or thing for whom or for which something is named, or believed to be named. For example, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, recent usage, especially in the recorded-music industry, also allows eponymous to mean named after its central character or creator. In ancient Greece, the eponymous archon was the highest magistrate in classical Athens, Eponymous archons served a term of one year which took the name of that particular archon. Later historians provided yet another case of eponymy by referring to the period of Fifth-century Athens as The Age of Pericles after its most influential statesman Pericles. In Ptolemaic Egypt, the head priest of the Cult of Alexander, the Hebrew Bible explains the origins of peoples through individuals who bear their name. In most cases, the experiences and behavior of the ancestor is meant to indicate the characteristics of the people who take their name, in ancient Rome, one of the two formal ways of indicating a year was to cite the two annual consuls who served in that year. For example, the year we know as 59 BC would have described as the consulship of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus and Gaius Julius Caesar. Under the empire, the consuls would change as often as two months, but only the two consuls at the beginning of the year would lend their names to that year. During the Christian era, itself eponymous, many households used eponymous dating by regnal years. The Roman Catholic Church, however, eventually used the Anno Domini dating scheme based on the birth of Christ on both the public and royalty. Government administrations may become referred to eponymously, such as Kennedys Camelot, British monarchs have become eponymous throughout the English-speaking world for time periods, fashions, etc. Elizabethan, Georgian, Victorian, and Edwardian are examples of these, trends Political trends or movements often become eponymous with a government leader. Examples include Jacksonian democracy, Stalinism, Maoism, Obamacare, in intellectual property law an eponym can refer to a generic trademark or brand name, a form of metonymy, such as aspirin, heroin and thermos in the United States. In geography, places and towns can also be given a name through a relationship to an important figure. Peloponnesus, for instance, was said to derive its name from the Greek hero Pelops, in historical times, new towns have often been named after their founders, discoverers, or notable individuals. In science and technology, discoveries and innovations are often named after the discoverer or a figure influential in their advance, examples are Avogadros number, the Diesel engine, meitnerium, Alzheimers disease, and the Apgar score. For a different view of the process see Stiglers law of eponymy, the term is also applied to music, usually with regard to record titles, where it is prevalent and leads to confusion. For example, Bad Companys first album was entitled Bad Company, titled a 1988 compilation album Eponymous
14.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
15.
Interstate 55 in Illinois
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Interstate 55 is a major north–south Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Illinois that connects the St. Louis, Missouri, and Chicago metropolitan areas. It enters the state from Missouri on the Poplar Street Bridge near East St. Louis and runs to U. S. Route 41 near downtown Chicago where the highway ends, the Road also runs through the cities of Springfield, Bloomington, and Joliet. The section in DuPage County is officially named Joliet Freeway or Will Rogers Freeway, I-55 within Illinois carries heavy traffic, with an average of more than 20,000 vehicles per day for most of its length. Significant portions of I-55 contain six lanes and are used by commuters. I-55 in Illinois is the road to connect St. Louis. The first was the Pontiac Trail in 1915 and this was largely improved and paved as the new Illinois Route 4 by 1924. In 1926, IL4 was designated as the route of the new U. S66, through the 1950s US66 was continually widened, straightened, and improved to handle its growing traffic, until its entire length was four lanes wide by 1957. The roots of I-55 could be traced back to the need of a highway system. President Dwight D. Eisenhower saw the need of a network of highways that would help with the mobilization of the army. He had been impressed with the autobahn he saw in Germany during World War II, in 1956 he signed the Federal Aid Highway Act into existence. Although the act provided for a highway replacing Route 66, it was spared destruction for a while because of it being more modern than other routes at the time. Illinois would build its first new Interstate highways on other such as I-80, I-57. However, during the 1970s, Route 66 was finally replaced by I-55 as the fourth St. Louis-to-Chicago highway and it was built in sections across Illinois, often on the original Route 66 roadbed. One can find many signs posted for Historic US66, especially where it deviates from I-55, later portions of the highway were built in the 1960s between East St. Louis and Hamel, as bypasses of Springfield and Bloomington-Normal. The rest of the road was completed in the 1970s, the Stevenson Expressway opened on October 24,1964 as the Southwest Expressway. It was renamed after Adlai Stevenson, the governor of Illinois, on September 1,1965, a month. The Stevensons original termini were US66 in DuPage County to the west, in 1999–2000, the expressway was completely rebuilt from Central Avenue north to Lake Shore Drive, including the ramps to the Dan Ryan. The Illinois Department of Transportation was criticized at the time for not adding a lane in each direction to the highway
16.
Vermont
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Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It borders the other U. S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Lake Champlain forms half of Vermonts western border with the state of New York, Vermont is the 2nd-least populous of the U. S. states, with nearly 50,000 more residents than Wyoming. The capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the U. S, the most populous municipality, Burlington, is the least populous city in the U. S. to be the most populous within a state. As of 2015, Vermont continued to be the producer of maple syrup in the U. S. It was ranked as the safest state in the country in January 2016, for thousands of years inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Mohawk, much of the territory that is now Vermont was claimed by Frances colony of New France. France ceded the territory to Great Britain after being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years War, for many years, the nearby colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed control of the area. Settlers who held land titles granted by New York were opposed by the Green Mountain Boys militia, ultimately, those settlers prevailed in creating an independent state, the Vermont Republic. Founded in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War, the republic lasted for 14 years, aside from the original 13 states that were formerly colonies, Vermont is one of only four U. S. states that were previously sovereign states. Vermont was also the first state to join the U. S. as its 14th member state after the original 13, while still an independent republic, Vermont was the first of any future U. S. state to partially abolish slavery. It played an important geographic role in the Underground Railroad, sights in Vermont Vermont is located in the New England region of the northeastern United States and comprises 9,614 square miles, making it the 45th-largest state. It is the state that does not have any buildings taller than 124 feet. Land comprises 9,250 square miles and water comprises 365 square miles, making it the 43rd-largest in land area, in total area, it is larger than El Salvador and smaller than Haiti. The west bank of the Connecticut River marks the eastern border with New Hampshire. 41% of Vermonts land area is part of the Connecticut Rivers watershed, Lake Champlain, the major lake in Vermont, is the sixth-largest body of fresh water in the United States and separates Vermont from New York in the northwest portion of the state. From north to south, Vermont is 159 miles long and its greatest width, from east to west, is 89 miles at the Canada–U. S. Border, the narrowest width is 37 miles at the Massachusetts line, the states geographic center is approximately three miles east of Roxbury, in Washington County. There are fifteen U. S. federal border crossings between Vermont and Canada, the origin of the name Vermont is uncertain, but likely comes from the French les Verts Monts, meaning the Green Mountains
17.
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
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The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. Its primary connections included Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul, St. Louis, Kansas City, because of this extensive trackage in the midwest and mountain states, the railroad used the advertising slogans Everywhere West, Way of the Zephyrs, and The Way West. It merged into Burlington Northern in 1970, in 1967, it reported 19,565 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 723 million passenger miles, corresponding totals for C&S were 1,100 and 10 and for FW&D were 1,466 and 13. At the end of the year CB&Q operated 8,538 route-miles, C&S operated 708, the earliest predecessor of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, the Aurora Branch Railroad, was chartered by act of the Illinois General Assembly on October 2,1848. The Aurora Branch was built from Aurora, through Batavia, to Turner Junction in what is now West Chicago, the line was built with old strap rail and minimal, if any, grading. The line from Aurora to Chicago was built through the towns of Naperville, Lisle, Downers Grove, Hinsdale, Berwyn. It was opened in 1864, and passenger and freight service began, regular commuter train service started in 1864 and remains operational to this day, making it the oldest surviving regular passenger service in Chicago. Both the original Chicago line, and to a lesser extent. With a steady acquisition of locomotives, cars, equipment, and trackage, the Burlington Route was able to enter the trade markets in 1862. From that year to date, the railroad and its successors have paid dividends continuously, the B&MR continued building west into Nebraska as a separate company, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail Road, founded in 1869. During the summer of 1870 it reached Lincoln, the designated capital of Nebraska and by 1872 it reached Kearney. That same year the B&MR across Iowa was absorbed by the CB&Q, by the time the Missouri River bridge at Plattsmouth, Nebraska was completed the B&MR in Nebraska was well on its way to the Mile High city of Denver, Colorado. That same year, the Nebraska B&MR was purchased by the CB&Q, Burlingtons rapid expansion after the American Civil War was based upon sound financial management, dominated by John Murray Forbes of Boston and assisted by Charles Elliott Perkins. Perkins was an administrator who eventually forged a system out of previously loosely held affiliates. Ultimately, Perkins believed the Burlington Railroad must be included into a powerful transcontinental system, though the railroad as far west as Denver and Billings, Montana, it had failed to reach the Pacific Coast during the 1880s and 1890s, when construction was less expensive. Though approached by E. H. Harriman of the Union Pacific Railroad, with its river line to the Twin Cities, the Burlington Route formed a natural connection between Hills home town of St. Paul, Minnesota, and the railroad hub of Chicago. Moreover, Hill was willing to meet Perkins $200-a-share asking price for the Burlingtons stock, by 1900, Hills Great Northern, in conjunction with the Northern Pacific Railway, held nearly 100 percent of Burlingtons stock. In 1901 a rebuffed Harriman tried to gain an indirect influence over the Burlington by launching a raid on the Northern Pacific
18.
Aurora, Illinois
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Aurora, a suburb of Chicago, is a city predominantly in Kane County and DuPage County, with portions extending into Kendall and Will counties. It is located in the region of Greater Chicago in the U. S. state of Illinois. It is the second most populous city in the state, the population was 197,899 at the 2010 census, and was estimated to have increased to 199,963 by July 2013. Once a mid-sized manufacturing city, Aurora has grown tremendously since the 1960s, founded within Kane County, Auroras city limits and population have since expanded into DuPage, Will, and Kendall counties. Between 2000 and 2003, the U. S. Census Bureau ranked Aurora as the 34th fastest growing city in the United States. From 2000 to 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau ranked the city as the 46th fastest growing city with a population of over 100,000. In 1908, Aurora officially adopted the nickname City of Lights, Auroras historic downtown is located on the Fox River, and centered on Stolp Island. The Aurora area is home to a collection of architecture, including structures by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Bruce Goff. The Hollywood Casino Aurora, a gaming facility with 53,000 square feet and 1,200 gaming positions, is located on the river in downtown Aurora. Aurora is also home to a collection of Sears Catalog Homes. Before European settlers arrived, there was a Native American village in what is today downtown Aurora, in 1834, following the Black Hawk War, the McCarty brothers arrived. They initially owned land on both sides of the river, but sold their lands to the Lake Brothers on the west side, the Lake Brothers opened a mill on the opposite side of the river. The McCartys lived and operated their mill on the east side, a post office was established in 1837, officially creating Aurora. Aurora was originally two villages, East Aurora, incorporated in 1845, on the east side of the river, in 1857, the two towns joined officially, incorporated as the city of Aurora. The two sides could not agree which side of the river should house the buildings, so most public buildings were built on or around Stolp Island in the middle of the Fox River. As the city grew, many factories and jobs came to Aurora, in 1856, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad located its roundhouse and locomotive shop in Aurora to become the towns largest employer until the 1960s. The heavy industries on the East side provided employment for generations of European immigrants, immigrants flocked to the city, mainly from Great Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, Luxembourg, Germany, France, and Italy. Aurora became the center of the Fox Valley region
19.
Twin Cities Zephyr
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The Twin Cities Zephyr was a streamlined passenger train on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. It was the second Zephyr service introduced by CB&Q after the record-setting Denver–Chicago dawn to dusk dash of the Pioneer Zephyr trainset, the service ended in 1971 with the inauguration of Amtrak. The CB&Q trains went west from Chicago to the Mississippi River and along that river to Saint Paul, while the North Western, two three-car trainsets were delivered in April 1935 and proved too small, a second pair of six-car trains with matching locomotives were ordered as replacements. The new trainsets were put on display before they entered service, the second pair of Twin Cities Zephyrs entered service on December 18,1936 as the Morning Zephyr and the Afternoon Zephyr. On the first run the two trainsets departed Chicago simultaneously on tracks with 44 pairs of twins as a publicity stunt. In 1935 Zephyrs were scheduled to cover 431 miles between Chicago and St Paul in six and a half hours, later reduced to six hours and 15 minutes. At first each trainset made one trip a day, but in July 1935 each was making a round trip a day, leaving each terminal at 8,00 AM CST. All three runs were made at over 80 miles per hour from start to station stop, by 1964 the timing from Chicago to Saint Paul had relaxed by five to ten minutes, but by 1970, the last full year of service, the journey took seven hours. Although the railroads passenger service as a whole carried more passengers in 1964 than in 1949, the Twin Cities Zephyr ran for 36 years until 1971 when Amtrak took over most intercity passenger trains in the United States. The first pair of three-car Twin Zephyr trainsets were very similar to the original Pioneer Zephyr and this pair, delivered in April 1935, quickly proved too small to cope with passenger loads, and a second pair of six-car trains was delivered in November 1936. One was called The Train of the Gods and the cars were named for mythological figures Apollo, Cupid, Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, and Vulcan. The other trainset was known as The Train of the Goddesses, motive power for the second pair of trains was originally shovelnose diesel locomotives 9904 and 9905. Two of the Zephyrs cars smashed into a brick railroad station. Many people were injured in the derailment and two passengers and the engineer lost their lives, after a third pair of trains were delivered in 1947, the second pair of trains was reassigned as the Nebraska Zephyrs. The third sets were the first dome streamliner trains, after a modified coach dome car was tested starting in 1945. The 1947 sets originally consisted of a baggage-refreshment car, four vista dome coaches, a dining car and they served as a prototype of the 1949 California Zephyr which had sleeping cars in addition. Frailey, Fred W. Twilight of the Great Trains, popular Science, Vol.159, No 2. Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, Saint Paul, MN, MBI Publishing Company
20.
Interstate 355
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Interstate 355, also known as the Veterans Memorial Tollway, is an Interstate Highway and tollway in the western and southwest suburbs of Chicago in the U. S. state of Illinois. Like most other roads in the northeastern portion of the state. I-355 runs from I-80 in New Lenox north to I-290 in Itasca, with the exception of a four-mile expansion in 2009, from U. S. Route 34 to 75th Street, the highway is six lanes wide for its entire length. The tollway authority opened I-355 as the North–South Tollway in 1989 to ease congestion on Illinois Route 53, initially, I-355 ran from I-55 north to I-290. The new highway helped cut travel times for commuters traveling north and south in the county, according to commercial real estate developers at the time, the new tollway also opened the western suburbs of Chicago to commercial and industrial development. The tollway authority laid the route of the new extension through Will County, the tollway authority expected the extension to cut travel times in the region by 20 percent. From the late 1920s through 1963, the two-lane-wide Rohlwing Road serviced the north–south transportation corridor that includes portions of DuPage County. From 1963 to 1970, the Illinois Department of Transportation planned, after its completion, IDOT rerouted IL53 onto this new expressway from Rohlwing Road. The original alignment of I-355 was defined in the Chicago Area Transportation Study Transportation Plan of April 1962, the plan called for a supplemental system of limited-access expressways to be built in the Chicago metropolitan area by 1980, and defined corridors where the expressways were to be located. Initially, state and county officials anticipated building a freeway for the south of Army Trail Road. In 1979, Chicago mayor Jane Byrne canceled plans for the proposed Crosstown Expressway, following the move, Congress gave the rights to half of the $200 million that had been earmarked for the Crosstown Expressway to DuPage County. However, county officials found this amount insufficient for construction of the new freeway, the officials then handed authority for the project over to the tollway authority, and spent the money on other projects in the county. Officials at the Morton Arboretum, one of the nations premier woodland research centers and they also promised to prevent the tollway authority from obtaining environmental approval from federal officials. In April 1985, the two came to an agreement regarding construction of the new tollway. To protect the arboretum from salt spray and other pollutants caused by cars on the tollway, the tollway authority would build a water collection system to divert runoff from the arboretum. In addition, they would build earthen berms along the new road, in exchange, the DuPage County Forest Preserve District agreed to a 99-year lease providing 189 acres of its land to the arboretum for the development of an urban vegetation laboratory. In January 1986, the tollway paid out $2.5 million to a trust fund as a part of the settlement to finance the arboretums new programs. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers released an environmental impact statement on March 13,1986
21.
Interstate 88 (Illinois)
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This route is not contiguous to I-88 in New York. Since 2010, all of I-88 has been part of the Chicago–Kansas City Expressway, the highway also runs through the cities of Aurora, Naperville, DeKalb, and Dixon. Prior to its designation as an Interstate Highway, the route was known as IL5, the reason for I-88s original designation and continued existence as an Interstate has to do with a technicality in the old National Maximum Speed Law. Originally passed in 1973, NMSL was amended in 1987 to permit 65 mph speed limits on rural stretches of Interstate Highways only, even though IL5 was fully up to Interstate standards, it still had to carry a 55 mph limit because of this wording in NMSL. The Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway, originally known as the East-West Tollway, is a road in northern Illinois. Opened November 21,1958, it was designated as U. S. Route 30 Toll. The original routing extended from the Interstate 294 interchange near Hillside to Illinois Route 47 near Sugar Grove, Illinois Route 56 was overlapped on the East-West Tollway between North Aurora and Sugar Grove in 1965. Once complete, the new routing of the tollway and freeway between Interstate 80 near the Quad Cities and Interstate 294 became designated as Illinois Route 5. In the late 1980s, it was renumbered as Interstate 88, officially, the tollway portion begins in Rock Falls, IL, starting at the intersection with U. S. It continues as a tollway until its terminus in Hillside, West of U. S.30 to Interstate 80, Interstate 88 is a freeway. The tollway portion is 96 miles long, the tollway portion of I-88 was previously known as the East West Tollway and is still displayed as such on some signs near Chicago. There is no direct access to U. S. Route 52, Illinois Route 23, Illinois Route 25. In addition, I-88 merges with Illinois Route 56 for a short distance, although a federal law,23 U. S. C. From 2005 lasting through 2012, ISTHA reconstructed and widened much of the portion of I-88. Approximately $991.6 million was budgeted for I-88 over that period, between 2005 and 2009, I-88 was reconstructed and widened to four lanes in each direction between IL59 and York Road, with work progressing gradually from west to east. The project included a reconstruction and reconfiguration of the Naperville Road interchange, between IL56 and the Aurora Toll Plaza, I-88 was reconstructed and widened to three lanes, including the reconstruction of the IL31 interchange and new bridges over the Fox River. A $36 million interchange at Eola Road in Aurora opened on November 20,2009, after ten years of planning. Toll booths at this ramp accept only I-PASS, and have no provisions for accepting cash payments, Illinois Highway Ends, Interstate 88 Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For The Ronald Reagan Tollway
22.
Chicago metropolitan area
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The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs. With an estimated population of 9.4 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States, Chicagoland is the area that is closely linked to the city through geographic, social, economic, and cultural ties. The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world’s largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees, the region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500. The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and it comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, the Chicago MSA, now defined as the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the third largest MSA by population in the United States. The 2015 census estimate for the MSA was 9,427,676 and this loss of population has been attributed to taxes, political issues, and other factors. A breakdown of the 2009 estimated populations of the three Metropolitan Divisions of the MSA are as follows, The OMB also defines a larger region as a Combined Statistical Area. The Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area combines the areas of Chicago, Michigan City. This area represents the extent of the market pool for the entire region. The CSA has a population of 9,928,312, the Chicago urban agglomeration, according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report, lists a population of 9,545,000. The term “urban agglomeration” refers to the contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels. It usually incorporates the population in a city plus that in the surrounding area, Chicagoland is an informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The term Chicagoland has no definition, and the region is often considered to include areas beyond the corresponding MSA. Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, mcCormicks conception of Chicagoland stretched all the way to nearby parts of four states. The first usage was in the Tribunes July 27,1926 front page headline, Chicagolands Shrines, A Tour of Discoveries and he stated that Chicagoland comprised everything in a 200-mile radius in every direction and reported on many different places in the area. The Tribune was the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching to the west of the city, today, the Chicago Tribunes usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties, and the two Indiana counties of Lake and Porter. Illinois Department of Tourism literature uses Chicagoland for suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane, the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties. For example, many residents who live in some of the more distant satellite counties nonetheless refer to themselves as being from Chicago or Chicagoans
23.
DeVry University
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DeVry University is an American for-profit college. The school was founded in 1931 as DeForest Training School, DeVry Education Group is headquartered in Downers Grove, Illinois, and Lisa Wardell is the companys CEO. DeVry University is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, as of early 2017, DeVry had total enrollment of 45,633 at more than 55 campuses throughout North America. Allegations have included that DeVry used deceptive recruiting tactics, mislead students about their career prospects, DeVry was founded in 1931 as DeForest Training School in Chicago, Illinois. School founder Herman A. DeVry, who had invented a motion picture projector and produced educational and training films. De Forest Training School originally taught projector and radio repair, the school was renamed DeVry Technical Institute in 1953 and gained accreditation to confer associate degrees in electronics in 1957. Bell & Howell completed its acquisition of DeVry Technical Institute in 1967, a year later, the company acquired the Ohio Institute of Technology and DeVry was renamed DeVry Institute of Technology, which was accredited to confer bachelors degrees in electronics in 1969. Dennis Keller and Ronald Taylor met one another in the early 1970s when the two were teachers at DeVry. Keller and Taylor learned the economics of education while at DeVry and, in 1973. The school was conceived as a day school that granted certificates. The Keller School later became a program offering MBAs, focused on working adults by 1976. The school was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in 1977. DeVry first received accreditation in 1981. The Keller Graduate School of Management acquired DeVry from Bell & Howell in 1987, the leveraged buyout was worth $147.4 million. The two schools were combined as DeVry Inc. with Keller acting as chairman and CEO and Taylor president, DeVry Inc. successfully completed its initial public offering in June 1991. In 1995, its stock trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The university acquired Becker CPA Review, a firm that prepared students for the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination, DeVry acquired Ross University, a medical and veterinary school based in the Caribbean, for $310 million in 2003. Deaconess College of Nursing was later renamed Chamberlain College of Nursing, DeVry Inc. entered Brazil with its 2009 acquisition of Faculdade Nordeste, Ruy Barbosa and ÁREA1, which are universities located in the Northeast of Brazil
24.
Florists' Transworld Delivery
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FTD Companies, Inc. also trading as Florists Transworld Delivery is a floral wire service, retailer and wholesaler based in Downers Grove, Illinois, in the United States. FTD was founded as Florists Telegraph Delivery in 1910, to help customers send flowers remotely on the day by using florists in the FTD network who are near the intended recipient. It was based in Detroit, Michigan and then moved to Southfield and it originated as a retailers cooperative and began a process of demutualization in 1994. Retail Florist Association is an association that originated as the member education, advocacy and quality assurance arm of FTD. FTD processes orders through the Mercury Network, its international telecommunications service, on August 18,1910, thirteen American florists led by John Valentine, a Denver lawyer and floral company owner agreed to serve each others out-of-town customers by exchanging orders via telegraph. This group was called Florists Telegraph Delivery, in 1914, the company adopted Mercury Man as its logo, to emphasize the speed of delivery. In 1965, it began offering international order, and took the name of Florists Transworld Delivery, in 1994, FTD began a process of demutualization. FTD Incorporated retained FTDs businesses, including the Mercury Network and the clearinghouse, and controlled FTD Associations rules, regulations, the FTD Association retained member education, advocacy and quality assurance. In 2000, FTD Incorporated held a public offering of FTD. com on the NASDAQ. FTD Group was listed on the NYSE in 2005, the company is based in Downers Grove, Illinois. It is based in Livonia, Michigan, in 2008, United Online announced a merger agreement with FTD Group, valued at $800 million. The acquisition was completed and shares of FTD ceased to trade on the NYSE August 26,2008, in 2013, FTD is spun off from United Online resulting in FTD Companies, Inc. becoming an independent, publicly traded company listed on NASDAQ. The acquisition, first announced on July 7th,2006, was made for a price of GBP66 million, or approximately $122 million. In 2012, Interflora acquired Flying Flowers, Flowers Direct and Drake Algar in the U. K, fiscal year 2006 revenues grew 6. 2% to $465.1 million, compared with revenues of $437.8 million for fiscal 2005. This revenue growth was driven by an 11. 6% increase in revenue in the Consumer Segment, CEO Compensation As President, FTD Group, Inc. at UNITED ONLINE INC, Robert S. Apatoff made $1,742,379 in total compensation. Of this total $630,000 was received as a salary, $587,038 was received as a bonus, $0 was received in stock options, $506,000 was awarded as stock and this information is according to proxy statements filed for the 2012 fiscal year. FTD had obtained a position in its market. FTD entered into consent decrees with the Department of Justice after 1956,1969, Florists Transworld Delivery, sued its competitor ProFlowers for false advertising in August 2005
25.
Dover Corporation
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Dover Corporation is an American conglomerate manufacturer of industrial products. Founded in 1955 in New York City, Dover is now based in Downers Grove, Illinois, Dovers business is divided into four segments, Energy, Engineered Systems, Fluids, and Refrigeration & Food Equipment. Each segment holds operating companies that are run like independent companies, Dover is a constituent of the S&P500 index and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under DOV. Dover is ranked 346th on the Fortune 500, in the 1930s and 1940s, George Ohrstrom Sr. a New York City stockbroker, bought four manufacturing companies, C. Lee Cook Company, Rotary Lift, C. Dover Corporation was incorporated in 1947, and in 1955, Ohrstrom brought in the owner and president of C. Lee Cook Company, Fred D. Durham. Later that same year, the Dover Corporate offices opened in Washington, D. C. as such, the year 1955 marks the companys official founding. Fred Durham influenced Dovers corporate culture, emphasizing autonomy, decentralization, as a result, divisions were run in an independent fashion, each with its own president. Today, Dover is still known for its management structure, in its governance of operating companies. Between 1955 and 1979, Dover acquired fourteen companies, a great deal of this acquisition activity served to build the Dover Elevator business. This elevator growth began in 1955, as Dover Elevator split from Rotary Lift, Dovers purchase of the Shepard Warner Elevator Company in 1958 marked the beginning of an effort to grow the elevator business. In 1963, Dover acquired Acme Elevator, and then Elevator Service, Reddy Elevator Company in 1964, with these purchases, Dover soon became the third largest elevator company in the U. S. and remained so for many years. Dover continued to expand its elevator division throughout the 1960s and 1970s with the purchases of Moody & Rowe, Burch, Turnbull, Burlington, Hammond & Champness, Louisiana Elevator, ultimately, Dover sold its elevator business in 1998 to Thyssen AG for $1.1 billion. Dovers acquisition history reaches beyond the elevator industry, the company was shorthanded to OPW, and in 1949 one of its engineers, Leonard H. Duerr, invented the automatic shutoff fuel-dispensing nozzle valve. Today, Alberta Oil Tool produces specialty drive rods, Norris tubular fittings, Norriseal control values,1964 marked a significant year, as OPWs former leader Thomas Sutton became president of Dover and corporate headquarters were relocated to New York City. The 1970s were characterized by Dovers intent to expand beyond its principle industries of building materials, equipment, later, Roubos became Dovers chief executive officer in 1981. Another significant acquisition included Sargent Industries, a manufacturer of devices for aerospace and industrial end-markets. In the 1980s, Dover also began to more on electronics. This period was marked by the acquisitions of K&L Microwave in 1983, Dielectric Laboratories in 1985, Dover later chose to spin off DOVatron in 1993 to shareholders, as the company specialized in circuit-board assembly and had become a source of competition for Dover customers
26.
Chicago Loop
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The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the citys 77 designated community areas, the Loop is home to Chicagos commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area. In what is now the Loop, on the bank of the Chicago River, near todays Michigan Avenue Bridge. It was the first settlement in the sponsored by the United States. Other research has concluded that the Loop was not used as a proper noun until after the 1895–97 construction of the Union elevated railway loop, Loop architecture has been dominated by skyscrapers and high-rises since early in its history. Some of the buildings in this district were instrumental in the development of towers. Chicagos street numbering system – dividing addresses into North, South, East, Chicago is still the nations rail transportation hub and passenger lines once reached seven Loop-area stations by the 1890s. Transfers from one to the other was a business for taxi drivers until the long-distance lines gave way to Amtrak in the 1970s with the majority of trains concentrated at Chicago Union Station. This area abounds in shopping opportunities, including the Loop Retail Historic District and it includes Chicagos former Marshall Fields department store location in the Marshall Field and Company Building, the original Sullivan Center Carson Pirie Scott store location. Chicagos Downtown Theatre District is also found within this area, along with numerous restaurants, Chicago has a famous skyline which features many of the tallest buildings in the world as well as the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Chicagos skyline is spaced out throughout the area, giving it a graceful beautiful appearance. Chicagos third tallest building, the Aon Center, is located just south of Illinois Center, the complex is at the east end of the Loop, east of Michigan Avenue. Two Prudential Plaza is also located here, just to the west of the Aon Center, the Loop contains a wealth of outdoor sculpture, including works by Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, Henry Moore, Marc Chagall, Magdalena Abakanowicz, Alexander Calder, and Jean Dubuffet. Chicagos waterfront, which is almost exclusively recreational beach and park areas from north to south, the area also hosts the annual music festival Lollapalooza which features popular alternative rock, heavy metal, EDM, hop hop and punk rock artists. Trips down the Chicago River, including tours, by commercial boat operators are great favorites with both locals and tourists alike. The Loop is the seat of Chicagos government and it is also the government seat of Cook County, Illinois and houses an office for the governor of the State of Illinois. The century old City Hall/County Building houses the chambers of the Mayor, City Council, across the street, the Richard J. Daley Center accommodates a famous Picasso sculpture and the state law courts
27.
Fortune 500
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The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest U. S. corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes public companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available, the concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more used than its subset Fortune 100 or wider list Fortune 1000. The original Fortune 500 was limited to companies whose revenues were derived from manufacturing, mining, at the same time, Fortune published companion Fortune 50 lists of the 50 largest commercial banks, utilities, life insurance companies, retailers and transportation companies. Fortune magazine changed its methodology in 1994 to include service companies, with the change came 291 new entrants to the famous list including three in the Top 10. The Fortune 500 was first published in 1955, created by Edgar P. Smith, the original top ten companies were General Motors, Exxon Mobil, U. S. Steel, General Electric, Esmark, Chrysler, Armour, Gulf Oil, Mobil and DuPont
28.
Microsoft
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Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup, as of 2016, it was the worlds largest software maker by revenue, and one of the worlds most valuable companies. Microsoft was founded by Paul Allen and Bill Gates on April 4,1975, to develop and it rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Microsoft Windows. The companys 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent rise in its share price, since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion, in June 2012, Microsoft entered the personal computer production market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft Surface, a line of tablet computers. The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software, Paul Allen and Bill Gates, childhood friends with a passion for computer programming, sought to make a successful business utilizing their shared skills. In 1972 they founded their first company, named Traf-O-Data, which offered a computer that tracked and analyzed automobile traffic data. Allen went on to pursue a degree in science at Washington State University. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systemss Altair 8800 microcomputer, Allen suggested that they could program a BASIC interpreter for the device, after a call from Gates claiming to have a working interpreter, MITS requested a demonstration. Since they didnt actually have one, Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter and they officially established Microsoft on April 4,1975, with Gates as the CEO. Allen came up with the name of Micro-Soft, as recounted in a 1995 Fortune magazine article. In August 1977 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, the company moved to a new home in Bellevue, Washington in January 1979. Microsoft entered the OS business in 1980 with its own version of Unix, however, it was MS-DOS that solidified the companys dominance. For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, branding it as MS-DOS, following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981, Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS. Since IBM copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, other companies had to engineer it in order for non-IBM hardware to run as IBM PC compatibles. Due to various factors, such as MS-DOSs available software selection, the company expanded into new markets with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1983, as well as with a publishing division named Microsoft Press. Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing Hodgkins disease, while jointly developing a new OS with IBM in 1984, OS/2, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20,1985. Once Microsoft informed IBM of NT, the OS/2 partnership deteriorated, in 1990, Microsoft introduced its office suite, Microsoft Office
29.
MetLife
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MetLife, Inc. is the holding corporation for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, better known as MetLife, and its affiliates. MetLife is among the largest global providers of insurance, annuities, the firm was founded on March 24,1868. The company went public in 2000, through its subsidiaries and affiliates, MetLife holds leading market positions in the United States, Japan, Latin America, Asia’s Pacific region, Europe, and the Middle East. MetLife serves 90 of the largest Fortune 500 companies, in January 2016, the company announced that it would spin off U. S. Retail business, including life insurance and annuities for the retail market. They will maintain the MetLife name on MetLife Stadium, on March 6,2017, the separated U. S. Retail business launched Brighthouse Financial – an independent company focused on life insurance, as of 2010, the company was organized into five segments, Insurance Products, Retirement Products, the US Business, and International. The Insurance Products division was the largest unit, accounting for 53% of 2009 revenue, by 2015, a division referred to as Americas had emerged. As of 2011, MetLifes chief executive officer was Steve Kandarian, Kandarian also served as the companys chairman of the board and president as of 2015. Hired in 2013, John Hele served as chief officer for the company as of 2015. In 2015, MetLife hired Hugh Dineen to fill the new role of chief marketing officer within the US Business Unit, safeguard Health Enterprises, Inc. and Tower Square Securities, Inc. MetLife Bank was sold to GE Capital in 2013, and MetLife exited the banking business, the predecessor company to MetLife began in 1863 when a group of New York City businessmen raised $100,000 to found the National Union Life and Limb Insurance Company. The company insured Civil War sailors and soldiers against disabilities due to wounds, accidents. On March 24,1868, it known as Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. A severe business depression that began with the Panic of 1873 forced the company to contract, by 1880, sales had exceeded a quarter million of such policies, resulting in nearly $1 million in revenue from premiums. In 1909, MetLife had become the nation’s largest life insurer in the United States, in 1907, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tower was commissioned to serve as MetLife’s 23rd Street headquarters in Lower Manhattan. Completed two years later, the building was the worlds tallest until 1913 and remained the headquarters until 2005. For many years, an illustration of the building featured prominently in MetLife’s advertising, by 1930, MetLife insured every fifth man, woman, and child in the United States and Canada
30.
State Farm
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State Farm is a group of insurance and financial services companies in the United States. The groups main business is State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, the corporate headquarters are in Bloomington, Illinois. State Farm is ranked 44th in the 2013 Fortune 500, which lists American companies by revenue, in 2014, the company sold its operations in Canada to the Desjardins Group, which is continuing to use the State Farm name. State Farm was founded in 1922 by retired farmer George J. Mecherle as a mutual insurance company owned by its policyholders. The firm specialized in insurance for farmers, and later expanded its services into other types of insurance, such as homeowners and life insurance. The State Farm jingle was written by American songwriter Barry Manilow in 1971, a cover was released by Weezer in 2011. In the 1960s State Farms first commercial jingle was originally created for The Jack Benny Program, as of December 2013 State Farm had 65,000 employees and 18,000 agents. In 2014, the company sold its operations in Canada to Desjardins Group, canadian policies were transferred to be underwritten by Desjardins Group on January 1,2015. The State Farm brand continues to be used for agents and marketing, the State Farm interlocked tri-oval logo was created in the mid-to-late 1940s and was updated in 1953. For nearly 60 years, this design was critical to its brand image, on December 23,2011, State Farm decided to transform its interlocked tri-oval logo to a contemporary logo to showcase the company’s core service offerings of auto, fire, and life. The new logo was introduced January 1,2012, marking the company’s 90th anniversary and it consists of a simple three-oval design adjacent to the State Farm wordmark. According to Pam El, Marketing Vice President at State Farm, State Farm Associates Funds Trust State Farm Mutual Fund Trust State Farm Investor Services Co. State Farm Finance Corporation of Canada SF Insurance Placement Corporation of Canada Insurance Placement Services, State Farm International Life Insurance Company Ltd. State Farm Guaranty Insurance Company State Farm Variable Product Trust Amberjack Ltd and this commercial structure is from State Farms Get to a Better State campaign that premiered in June 2011, with an increased spending budget. As a result, State Farm’s brand awareness and favorability has gone up considerably and this campaign focuses on making humor out of unfortunate problems that are commonly faced. These commercials then make light of the situation by demonstrating how easy it is to contact an agent, each of these commercials follows a similar structure. A group of one to three people find themselves in an unfortunate situation, someone in the group will then call on their State Farm agent by singing the jingle “like a good neighbor, State Farm is there”. A State Farm agent will appear and help the group out with their problem
31.
U.S. Route 66
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U. S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U. S. Highway System. US66 was established on November 11,1926, with signs erected the following year. It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song Route 66 and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s. US66 served as a path for those who migrated west, especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Portions of the road passed through Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, and Arizona have been designated a National Scenic Byway of the name Historic Route 66. Several states have adopted significant bypassed sections of the former US66 into the road network as State Route 66. His secondary orders were to test the feasibility of the use of camels as pack animals in the southwestern desert and this road became part of US66. Parts of the original Route 66 from 1913, prior to its naming and commissioning. The paved road becomes a road, south of Cajon. Before a nationwide network of numbered highways was adopted by the states, the route that would become US66 was covered by three highways. The Lone Star Route passed through St. Louis on its way from Chicago to Cameron, Louisiana, the transcontinental National Old Trails Road led via St. Again, a shorter route was taken, here following the Postal Highway between Oklahoma City and Amarillo. Finally, the National Old Trails Road became the rest of the route to Los Angeles, the original inspiration for a roadway between Chicago and Los Angeles was planned by entrepreneurs Cyrus Avery of Tulsa, Oklahoma and John Woodruff of Springfield, Missouri. The pair lobbied the American Association of State Highway Officials for the creation of a following the 1925 plans. The numerical designation 66 was assigned to the Chicago-to-Los Angeles route on April 30,1926 in Springfield, Louis streets and on Route 266 to Halltown, Missouri. Avery was adamant that the highway have a number and had proposed number 60 to identify it. A controversy erupted over the number 60, largely from delegates from Kentucky who wanted a Virginia Beach–Los Angeles highway to be US60, arguments and counterarguments continued throughout February, including a proposal to split the proposed route through Kentucky into Route 60 North and Route 60 South. The final conclusion was to have US60 run between Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Springfield, Missouri, and the Chicago–L. A. Avery and highway engineer John Page settled on 66, which was unassigned, because he thought the number would be easy to remember as well as pleasant to say
32.
Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital
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Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital is a 333-bed community hospital located in Downers Grove, in the US state Illinois. The hospital opened in 1976, and operates the only Level I trauma center in the county of DuPage, Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital is a part of Advocate Health Care. Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital has earned a spot on the 100 Top Hospitals list five times, Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital has 333 beds, and more than 1,000 physicians representing 63 specialties. The emergency department is the only Level I trauma center in DuPage County, the hospital has level III designation for obstetric, perinatal and neonatal services, which is the highest designation in the state. Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital is the health care provider in Illinois to have earned the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award—the highest presidential honor for performance excellence
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Midwestern University
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Founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is the fourth-oldest medical school currently active in the state of Illinois. In 1995, it opened a campus in Glendale, Arizona. MWU has since expanded beyond solely providing medical education and now operates ten colleges, offering degrees in dentistry, pharmacy, optometry, podiatric medicine, and other health professions. According to U. S. News & World Report, Midwestern Universitys Downers Grove, IL, the university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission, a Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. The medical schools are accredited by the American Osteopathic Associations Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation. The university was founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine, the school was the fourth medical school in the world to grant the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree, and the first in the state of Illinois. In 1986, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine moved from its location in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois to a new campus in the western suburb of Downers Grove. In 1991, the Chicago College of Pharmacy opened, the College of Health Sciences began in 1992. In 1996, the university opened a new campus in Glendale, the first college at the Glendale campus was the Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, which began its first courses in 1996. The college joined the University of Arizona College of Medicine as one of two medical schools in Arizona at the time. In 2010, the university received a Conservation and Native Landscaping Awards from the Environmental Protection Agency for restoring 9 acres of wetland, in 2013, the Downers Grove campus began offering a Doctor of Psychology program, which received accreditation from the American Psychological Association. The school is the only medical school in the state of Arizona. Through its six colleges, Midwestern University offers 16 academic programs at two locations, all programs are graduate, and focus on the health professions. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Downers Grove campus is located on a 105-acre site in Downers Grove, Illinois and it contains an abundance of green space, wooded areas, and a nature trail, in addition to classrooms, laboratories, a library, an auditorium building, and recreational facilities. The Science Hall is a 239,000 square foot building consists of classrooms, more than 100 offices. The Science Hall opened in 2011, and includes a gross anatomy lab, research labs, Student housing is provided in three different facilities, Redwood Hall I, Redwood Hall II, and the Pines Apartments. The Traditional Residence Halls were demolished in 2015, the Downers Grove campus is home to over 2,500 students and five colleges, offering twelve fields of study
34.
Adtalem Global Education
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DeVry Education Group is a successor to two separate entities, DeVry Institutes and the Keller-Taylor Corporation. DeVry Technical Institute was acquired by the Bell & Howell company in 1966, the school was renamed to DeVry Institute of Technology in 1968. In 1984, the division was renamed DeVry, Inc. The Keller-Taylor Corporation was formed in 1973 by Dennis Keller and Ronald Taylor, Keller-Taylor was the holding company of CBA Institute in Chicago, which later became Keller Graduate School of Management. In 1987 Keller-Taylor acquired the DeVry Institutes from Bell & Howell, the holding companys name changed to DeVry, Inc. In 1991, DeVry became the first publicly traded education provider with a public offering on the NASDAQ stock exchange. Today, its stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DV, in 1996 DeVry acquired Becker CPA Review, now Becker Professional Education. In 2002 DeVry Institute of Technology and Keller Graduate School of Management became DeVry University, the company diversified into healthcare in 2003 with the acquisition of Ross University and added Chamberlain College of Nursing in 2005. Carrington College, formerly known as Apollo College and Western Career College, in 2009, DeVry acquired a majority stake in Fanor, now known as DeVry Brasil, a provider of post-secondary education with campuses located in northeastern Brazil. In June 2009, Standard and Poors added Devry Inc. to its index of stocks, in November 2013, DeVry Inc. was renamed to DeVry Education Group. Daniel Hamburger resigned in 2016 as CEO of DeVry with a payout of 5.3 million dollars, eight-year board member, Lisa Wardell was appointed president and CEO of DeVry Education Group. DeVry Brazils enrollment in 2016 was 79,280 students, the for-profit education industry has been the subject of hearings by the United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Specifically with regard to DeVry Inc. the Committee found that half of the students who enrolled at DeVry in 2008-2009 withdrew by mid-2010. DeVry spends more on marketing than on student instruction, approximately 80% of DeVrys revenue is Federal education funds. As of 2013, DeVry Inc. is under investigation by the Attorneys General of the states of Illinois, a lawsuit has been filed against DeVry alleging deceptive recruiting practices in violation of federal law. In January 2016, The Federal Trade Commission filed a lawsuit against DeVry Education Group alleging false or misleading advertising, in May 2016, a shareholder class action lawsuit was filed against DeVry Group, in the US District Court, Northern District of Illinois. DeVry Education Group Becker Professional Education
35.
Acxiom
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Acxiom Corporation is a marketing technology and services company with offices in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America. Acxiom offers marketing and information management services, including marketing, addressable advertising. Acxiom collects, analyzes, and parses customer and business information for clients, helping them to target advertising campaigns, score leads, founded as Demographics in 1969 by Charles D. Ward in Conway, Arkansas, Acxiom is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. The company has additional U. S. offices in Chicago, Illinois, New York, New York, Foster City, California, international offices are located in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Australia, China, and Brazil. Services are available to companies in other countries, in November 1997, Acxiom completed the acquisition of Buckley Dement, L. P. In May 1998, Acxiom made the announcement that it would one of its competitors. According to Wired in 2003, Acxiom has a history of making it difficult for consumers to remove themselves from Acxioms marketing lists, in early 2004, Acxiom acquired part of Claritas, a European data provider. In 2005, Acxiom acquired Digital Impact and integrated its digital, in 2005 Acxiom was a nominee for the Big Brother Awards for Worst Corporate Invader for a tradition of data brokering. In early 2006, EMC Corporation acquired Acxiom’s information grid software in a $30 million deal. On October 1,2007, however, a press release announced that the agreement was to be terminated. On January 17,2008, Acxiom named John Meyer as new CEO and president, on July 11,2008, Acxiom acquired ChoicePoints database marketing solutions division, adding seven clients from industries including banking, insurance, and media. The collaboration is co-branded as X12 powered by Acxiom, in 2010, Acxiom acquired part of GoDigital, a Brazilian direct marketing and data quality company. On March 30,2011, Acxiom named Jerry Gramaglia as interim CEO, on July 27,2011, Acxiom named marketing and advertising veteran, Scott E. Howe, as the company’s chief executive officer and president. On January 11,2012, Acxiom named Warren C, jenson as the company’s chief financial officer and executive vice president. In February 2012, Acxiom announced the closing of the sale of its background screening business, on April 19,2012, Acxiom announced Dr. Phil Mui as the companys new chief product and engineering officer. Prior to joining Acxiom, Mui was the product manager for Google Analytics. On May 14,2014 Acxiom announced that it had acquired LiveRamp, according to CNBC, in 2013 Acxiom was among nine companies that the Federal Trade Commission was investigating to see how they collect and use consumer data. It has been described as one of the biggest companies youve never heard of, in addition to collecting information about people, the company helps marketers anticipate the needs of consumers, according to the documentary The Persuaders
36.
Bartlett, Illinois
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Bartlett is a village located in Cook and DuPage counties, Illinois. A small parcel on the border is in Kane County. The population was 41,208 at the 2010 census, in its earliest times, the Village of Bartlett, Illinois was served as a hunting and camping ground for the Cherokee, Miami, Potawatomi, and Ottawa Indians. Throughout the past, the Northwest Territory, Virginia, Indiana, Spain, France, however, the territory was owned by a man named Luther Bartlett. Luther and Sophia Bartlett had decided that a station stop would be beneficial for their town, in 1873, Bartlett gave a monetary contribution and half of his 40-acre woodlot towards the construction for a train depot, which is why the town is named after Luther Bartlett. A petition for incorporation was filed in Springfield on February 11,1891, the village was incorporated on June 21,1892. According to the 2010 census, Bartlett has an area of 15.866 square miles. Bartlett is located in Illinois and is a Northwest suburb of the city of Chicago, as of the census of 2000, there were 36,706 people,12,179 households, and 9,986 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,477.9 people per square mile, there were 12,356 housing units at an average density of 834.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 87. 23% White,1. 98% African American,0. 14% Native American,7. 82% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 35% from other races, and 1. 45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 51% of the population, although since the census of 2000 age ranges and racial demographics have shifted. 14. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.36. In the village, the population was out with 31. 7% under the age of 18,5. 4% from 18 to 24,37. 8% from 25 to 44,19. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males, according to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the village was $86,629, and the median income for a family was $93,547. Males had an income of $60,182 versus $36,494 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,652, about 1. 2% of families and 1. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 5% of those under age 18 and 4. 5% of those age 65 or over. In 2011 Bartlett had 5,918 Asian residents, more than twice the amount in 2001, ashok Selvam of the Daily Herald of Arlington Heights, Illinois said that the Asian population growth could be traced to construction of the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir
37.
Naperville, Illinois
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Naperville is a city in DuPage and Will counties in the U. S. state of Illinois, and a suburb of Chicago. Naperville was voted the second-best place to live in the United States by Money magazine in 2006 and it was rated 1st on the list of best cities for early retirement in 2013 by Kiplinger. In a 2010 study, Naperville was named the wealthiest city in the Midwest and it was ranked among the nations safest cities by USAToday and Business Insider. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 141,853 and it is the fifth-largest city in Illinois. In July 1831, Joseph Naper arrived at the west bank of the DuPage River with his family, among those original settlers were Napers wife Almeda Landon, his brother John with wife Betsy Goff, his sister Amy with husband John Murray, and his mother Sarah. Their arrival followed a nearly two-month voyage across three Great Lakes in the Naper brothers schooner, the Telegraph, by 1832, over one hundred settlers had arrived at Napers Settlement. Following the news of the Indian Creek massacre during the Black Hawk War, Fort Payne was built at Napers Settlement, the settlers returned and the attack never materialized. The Pre-Emption House was constructed in 1834, as the Settlement became a stop on the road from Chicago to Galena. In 1855 Sybil Dunbar came to Naperville as its first recorded black female resident, a commemorative marker honoring her was placed in the cemetery in 2015. After DuPage County was split from Cook County in 1839, Napers Settlement became the DuPage county seat, Napers Settlement was incorporated as the Village of Naperville in 1857, at which time it had a population of 2,000. Reincorporation as a city occurred in 1890, on April 26,1946, Naperville was the site of one of the worst train disasters in Chicago history. Two Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad trains, the Advance Flyer, the accident killed 45 and injured approximately 127 passengers and/or crew members. This event is commemorated in a metal inlay map of Naperville on the southeast corner of the Nichols Librarys sidewalk area, in 2012, author Chuck Spinner published The Tragedy at the Loomis Street Crossing which details the tragedy and gives the stories of the 45 persons who perished. On April 26,2014, a memorial entitled Tragedy to Triumph was dedicated at the train station, the sculpture by Paul Kuhn is dedicated not only to the crash victims but also to the rescuers at the site. It has nearly quadrupled in size as the Chicago metropolitan areas urban sprawl brought corporations, jobs, parking meters were taken down, parking in garages built in the 1980s and 1990s is free, and parking is still available on major thoroughfares during non-peak hours. Naperville marked the 175th anniversary of its 1831 founding in 2006, the anniversary events included celebrations, concerts and a balloon parade. According to the 2010 census, Naperville has an area of 39.323 square miles, portions of the city of Naperville drain to the West Branch of the DuPage River within DuPage County. Specifically, in the flood of 1996, downtown businesses in the City of Naperville incurred significant damage, Naperville borders the communities of Warrenville, Wheaton, Lisle, Woodridge, Bolingbrook, Plainfield, and Aurora
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Bolingbrook, Illinois
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The village of Bolingbrook is a southwest suburb of Chicago that is partially in both Will and DuPage counties in the U. S. state of Illinois. As of the 2010 US Census, the population is 73,366 and it is the 17th largest incorporated place in Illinois and the states 2nd largest village. Bolingbrook is at 41°41′55″N 88°5′19″W, approximately 28 miles southwest of Downtown Chicago, according to the 2010 census Bolingbrook has a total area of 24.257 square miles, of which 24.05 square miles is land and 0.207 square miles is water. Bolingbrook borders the communities of Woodridge, Romeoville, Plainfield, interstate 55, locally the Stevenson Expressway, runs through the southern part of the village heading northeast toward Chicago and southwest toward Plainfield and Joliet. Interstate 355, also known as the Veterans Memorial Tollway, runs along the far east side of the village between New Lenox and Addison, Illinois Route 53, locally known as Bolingbrook Drive, runs north–south through the middle of the village. As of the census of 2000, there were 56,321 people,17,416 households, the population density was 2,746.5 people per square mile. There were 17,884 housing units at a density of 872.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 64. 51% White,20. 41% African American,0. 23% Native American,6. 38% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,5. 65% from other races, and 2. 77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13. 09% of the population,14. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 2. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the family size was 3.56. In the village, the population was out with 32. 3% under the age of 18,8. 4% from 18 to 24,35. 2% from 25 to 44,19. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males, the median income for a household in the village was $67,852, and the median income for a family was $71,527. Males had an income of $46,915 versus $33,665 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,468, about 2. 9% of families and 4. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5. 1% of those under age 18 and 6. 8% of those age 65 or over. Bolingbrook is a new suburb of Chicago, having been incorporated in 1965. The first settlement in what is now Bolingbrook was established in 1831, the tiny Boardman Cemetery, in what is now the Heritage Creek subdivision, contains the remains of some of these early residents. Modern Bolingbrook has its roots in the boom of the 1950s
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Downers Grove
