1.
Central business district
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A central business district is the commercial and business centre of a city. In larger cities, it is synonymous with the citys financial district. Both the CBD and the city centre or downtown may also coincide with the central activities district, a citys CBD is usually typified by a concentration of retail and office buildings. The CBD usually has a density higher than the surrounding districts of the city. The CBD is often also the city centre or downtown, Mexico City also has a historic city centre, the colonial-era Centro Histórico, along with two CBDs, the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma - Polanco, and the new Santa Fe. The shape and type of a CBD almost always reflect the citys history. Cities with maximum building height restrictions often have a historic section quite apart from the financial. It has been said that downtowns are therefore distinct from both CBDs and city centres. CBDs usually have very small resident populations, for example, the population of the City of London declined from over 200,000 in the year 1700 to less than 10,000 today. In some instances, however, CBD populations are increasing as younger professional, the Buenos Aires Central Business District, is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The actual area was the point of first European settlement and its north-south axis runs from Monserrat in the south to Retiro railway station in the north. Its east-west axis runs from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve and Puerto Madero, the district is the financial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. Its port is one of the busiest in South America, navigable rivers by way of the Río de la Plata connect the port to northeast Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the hub for a vast area of the southeastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused political problems in the past. The Buenos Aires Human Development Index is likewise high by international standards, the term is used to refer to the business and financial area of a state capital city such as the Sydney CBD, Melbourne CBD, Brisbane CBD, Perth CBD and Adelaide CBD. The city centres of some cities, such as Townsville, Bendigo. More recently, in cities the city centre, which may or may not be distinct from the CBD, is increasingly separately identified
2.
Columbus, Ohio
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Columbus is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Ohio. It is the 15th-largest city in the United States, with a population of 850,106 as of 2015 estimates and this makes Columbus the fourth-most populous state capital in the United States, and the third-largest city in the Midwestern United States. It is the city of the Columbus, Ohio, Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a population of 2,021,632, it is Ohios third-largest metropolitan area, Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County. The city proper has also expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County, named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. As of 2013, the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U. S, fortune 500, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, American Electric Power, L Brands, Big Lots, and Cardinal Health. In 2012, Columbus was ranked in BusinessWeeks 50 best cities in America. In 2013, Forbes gave Columbus an A rating as one of the top cities for business in the U. S. and later that included the city on its list of Best Places for Business. Columbus was also ranked as the No.1 up-and-coming tech city in the nation by Forbes in 2008, and the city was ranked a top-ten city by Relocate America in 2010. In 2007, fDi Magazine ranked the city no.3 in the U. S. for cities of the future, and the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium was rated no.1 in 2009 by USA Travel Guide. The area including modern-day Columbus once comprised the Ohio Country, under the control of the French colonial empire through the Viceroyalty of New France from 1663 until 1763. In the 18th century, European traders flocked to the area, the area found itself frequently caught between warring factions, including American Indian and European interests. In the 1740s, Pennsylvania traders overran the territory until the French forcibly evicted them, in the early 1750s, the Ohio Company sent George Washington to the Ohio Country to survey. Fighting for control of the territory in the French and Indian War became part of the international Seven Years War, during this period, the region routinely suffered turmoil, massacres, and battles. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ceded the Ohio Country to the British Empire, after the American Revolution, the Ohio Country became part of the Virginia Military District, under the control of the United States. Colonists from the East Coast moved in, but rather finding a empty frontier, they encountered people of the Miami, Delaware, Wyandot, Shawnee. The tribes resisted expansion by the fledgling United States, leading to years of bitter conflict, the decisive Battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in the Treaty of Greenville, which finally opened the way for new settlements. By 1797, a surveyor from Virginia named Lucas Sullivant had founded a permanent settlement on the west bank of the forks of the Scioto River
3.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Ohio Statehouse
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The Ohio Statehouse, located in Columbus, Ohio, is the house of government for the state of Ohio. The Greek Revival building houses the Ohio General Assembly and the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer. When the state government relocated to the new city of Columbus in 1816, it occupied a modest two-story building on the corner of High and State Streets. This early capitol had chambers for the Ohio House of Representatives and Ohio Senate, efforts to relieve the cramped quarters with additional small buildings were ineffective and it soon became apparent that the government would require a larger facility. In 1838, Ohios government announced a competition to select the design for a new Statehouse and this strategy was not unusual at the time, as important public buildings such as the U. S. Capitol had resulted from similar contests. However, the commission responsible for choosing the winners was unable to agree on a final design for construction. When the cornerstone was laid on July 4,1839, the commission was still without a final design. Consultation with New York architect Alexander Jackson Davis resulted in a design that merged some key features of the three winning entries, but it was rejected as being too expensive. Cole had a friendship with one of the commissioners, a man named William A. Adams who was from Steubenville. Coles nephew, William Henry Bayless, coincidentally a Steubenville native, was apprenticed in the office of Alexander Jackson Davis, work on the buildings foundation and lower level had only just begun when the Statehouse project encountered the first of many difficulties. The legislation that made Columbus the official city of Ohio was set to expire. While various factions within the government engaged in debate over relocating the capitol to another city, open excavations were refilled with earth, and Capitol Square became open pasture for livestock. The Statehouse remained neglected until February,1848, when William Russell West and J. O. Sawyer of Cincinnati were appointed architects, by May of that same year construction had resumed. Unfortunately, an epidemic began in Columbus, prompting widespread flight to the countryside by residents. Once the epidemic subsided, work on the Statehouse continued, interrupted only by intermissions during the harsh Ohio winters, while some suspected arson, the exact cause of the fire remains a mystery to this day. With the Statehouse exterior nearing completion by 1854, Columbus architect Nathan Kelley was hired to supervise the design, one of his major tasks would be to provide a system for heating and ventilation in the building, which had not been considered previously. With great fanfare, the new Statehouse opened to the public on January 7,1857, by now, most of the building was completed, with the notable exception of the rotunda. Although actual work on the building was proceeding smoothly, government officials were deeply dissatisfied with Mr. Kelley, citing problems with his working methods and aesthetic choices
6.
Columbus State Community College
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The college has grown from an initial enrollment of 67 students in 1963, to its current enrollment of about 26,000 students over two campuses, nine regional learning centers and online courses. Degree program offerings are diverse, including fields such as Nursing, Architecture, Geographic Information Systems. The 70-acre main campus is located near downtown Columbus, Ohio and it consists of 26 buildings, including the newest facility, The Discovery Exchange which is the bookstore. The college has built a new 106-acre satellite campus in Liberty Township of Southern Delaware County, the first building was completed in 2010. The new building can accommodate 2, 500-3,017 students, in 2011, Columbus State partnered with The Ohio State University to allow students and faculty from both schools to work out of the new facility. Cougar News was a weekly newspaper, debuting in February 2005. It was distributed on Wednesdays during autumn, winter, and spring quarters, in October 2008, Cougar News became a web-only publication, cougarnews. net. As of November 2012, the Cougar News website is no longer active, Columbus State annually publishes a literary magazine called Spring Street. It comprises poetry, fiction, photography and other visual arts submitted by Columbus State students, faculty, staff,80 percent of the layout and publishing process is completed by students. The Cougars have four varsity-level sports teams, all of which compete at the National Junior College Athletic Association NJCAA Division II level. Before the 2007–08 academic year, the college had nine sports, but due to constraints, baseball, softball, track and field, cross country. At the same time, the volleyball and golf teams were promoted from the Division III level to their current level. The Cougars are also members of the Ohio Community College Athletic Conference OCCAC, in a span of three seasons, the volleyball program competed in three consecutive NJCAA DIII national tournaments, finishing as high as fourth nationally in 2004. The Cougars were paced by five all-Americans during that time, after moving to Division II, Head Coach Scott Nichols led the Lady Cougars to a 2008 NJCAA DII volleyball sixth-place finish and a 2009 NJCAA DII volleyball seventh-place finish. In March 2008, the Columbus State mens basketball team clinched their first ever visit to the NJCAA National Championship in Danville, Head Coach Pat Carlisle won three games against highly ranked teams before losing the championship game to Mott Community College on March 22. In 2009, the basketball team finished in 9th place overall. David Miller, President and Chief Operating Officer of Cameron Mitchell Restaurants Curtis Duffy, jamison, judge at Franklin County Court of Common Pleas Columbus State Community College NJCAA. org
7.
Franklin University
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Franklin University is a private, nonprofit university in Ohio. It was founded in 1902 to serve the needs of adult students, the university has five campuses in Ohio and Indiana as well as a large selection of online courses. Franklin University has a history of serving students that spans more than a hundred years. It was founded in 1902 at the Columbus YMCA, under its sponsorship as the YMCA School of Commerce and it would change its name to Franklin University in 1933, and would amicably discontinue its formal affiliation with the YMCA in 1964. Five years later, in 1969, the institution would open its first building, in 1976, Franklin University earned regional accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1993, Franklin offered its first graduate program, the Master of Business Administration, in 2009, the university began offering its MBA at the WSB Universities in Poland. Since signing this agreement with WSB, Franklin has entered into agreements with educational institutions in eight other countries. Today, Franklin University offers a range of undergraduate majors. Its enrollment includes more than 300 international students more than 72 countries. In August 2011, Franklin announced its newest college, the College of Health, Franklin now has three colleges, Arts, Sciences, and Technology, The Ross College of Business, and the College of Health & Public Administration. In 2014, the university purchased Urbana University in Urbana, Ohio, the main campus of Franklin University is located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. The university also operates locations in the cities of Beavercreek, Dublin, Delaware, in addition to its domestic locations, Franklin University offers programs at international locations through agreements with affiliated universities. These include the Wroclaw School of Banking in Wroclaw, Poland, St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola in Bitola, Macedonia, Franklin University is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges, and is authorized by the Ohio Board of Regents. Additionally, its business programs, including undergraduate and MBA programs, are accredited by the International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education, the nursing baccalaureate program is accredited by Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Franklin University offers degrees at the associate, bachelor, masters, many of these programs can be completed entirely online. Coaches are not university staff, but are working in industry. Each coach has a relationship to a Franklin University student
8.
Columbus College of Art and Design
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Columbus College of Art & Design is a private college of art and design located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School, CCAD is one of the oldest private art, located in downtown Columbus, CCADs campus consists of 14 buildings on 9 acres and is adjacent to the Columbus Museum of Art. Approximately 1,350 full-time students are enrolled, CCAD awards a project-based, multidisciplinary Master of Fine Arts degree in Visual Arts, New Projects. The project-based, multidisciplinary program seeks to not just candidates’ artistic skills, but also their skills in planning, communications. CCADs MFA program ranks 82nd in U. S. Newss list of top Graduate School in the Fine Arts category, CCAD was founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School. The idea for the school started in 1878, when a group of women formed the Columbus Art Association and their main concern became creating an art school in Columbus. The first day of classes was January 6,1879, on the top floor of the Sessions Building at Long, use of that floor had been donated by Francis Sessions, an art-minded banker and entrepreneur and one of the first trustees of the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. There were only students and one teacher at the time. By the end of the year, there were 118 students. Original classes included drawing, watercolor, art needlework, oil painting, clay modeling, china painting, soon after opening, the school added classes like sculpture and figure drawing with clothed models, as nude models were considered too risqué in Columbus at the time. In 1885, the moved to the Tuller Building at Gay and Fourth St due to the poor ventilation. The school moved two times before 1914, when it moved into the Monypeny Mansion next to the Sessions House. In 1923, the school, which had been run by the Columbus Art Association but funded by the gallery, through this merger, the Columbus Art Association became extinct, and the trustees of the gallery created a school committee board. Among the faculty at this time was painter Alice Schille, in 1929, Ralph Beaton, a trustee of the gallery, donated $30,000 to build the first new building for the Columbus Art School. The Sessions House and Monypeny Mansion were torn down to make way for Beaton Hall, Beaton Hall was completed and held its first classes in 1930. By 1944-45, the day school was discontinued because of World War II, Joseph Canzani started as a teacher at the school in 1948. By 1950, there were only 13 day school students, Canzani was asked by the museum director to become Dean. As Dean, Canzani put together introductory courses in drawing, color theory, Canzani also taught some of the foundation classes
9.
Columbus Metropolitan Library
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The Columbus Metropolitan Library, located in the capital city of Ohio, began operation in 1873 in the New City Hall in downtown Columbus. This library is one of the library systems in the country and is consistently among the top-ranked large city libraries according to Hennen’s American Public Library Ratings. Led by Larry D. Black from 1984 to 2002, the redeveloped CML was formally reopened in 1991 by U. S, excellent customer service was Blacks continual objective. CML was rated the No.1 library system in the nation in 1999,2005,2008, CML was named Library of the Year by the Library Journal in 2010. The library serves an area of more than 870,000 residents and has a collection of 2,500,000 books and periodicals. In addition, there are 260,000 CDs, records, cassettes, in 2006, the library was ranked by Hennens American Public Library Rating Index as #3 for libraries serving populations of 500,000 or greater. The library is funded and strongly supported by the citizens of Franklin County which has been shown by their repeated passing of a 2. 2-mill property levy which has been in place since 1986. This levy was approved again in 2010 at the rate of 2. 8-mill. The library consists of the Main Library and 21 branches conveniently located in neighborhoods throughout Franklin County, CML also jointly operates the Northwest Library in cooperation with Worthington Libraries. Southwest Public Libraries and Worthington Libraries also share resources and a catalog with CML. Staffing at CML consists of 794 employees, of whom 154 are fully accredited librarians, the annual expenditures for the library collection totals $8,000,000. It was found that thirty-five percent of all check-outs are childrens materials, in 2005, CML had 8.4 million visits and loaned out 16.5 million items. The Columbus Metropolitan Library system aims to inspire reading, share resources and those services target various groups among its diverse patronage. To attract young children and adolescent patrons to the library, CML provides Homework Help Centers at all 21 CML locations, there is also help for children who are home schooled. They also have several teen gaming nights, and book groups - such the Summer Reading Club, due to the growing population of Hispanics and Somalis, the library has an extensive English as a Second Language program at several branch libraries. There is also Spanish reading time and technology classes taught in Spanish, CML has several Outreach Services programs. The bookmobile program, started in 1951, reaches kids and adults who cant get to the library in their neighborhoods and this program also goes to daycares and to Columbus Public Schools that are located in at risk areas. The Ready to Read Corps program is aimed toward preschool and kindergarten age children and it goes to daycares and reaches 1,200 low-income parents a year
10.
Main Street Bridge (Columbus)
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The Main Street Bridge in Columbus, Ohio is a 700 ft, three-span, inclined arch suspension bridge over the Scioto River. The bridge is the first in North America and the fifth in the world to use an inclined single-rib-tied arch superstructure, the final cost for the bridge was $60.1 million. The original Main Street bridge was a multiple-span, art-deco open-spandrel concrete deck arch bridge, after years of degradation due to weather and traffic, the bridge was deemed unfit for use and closed in 2002. His design, altered slightly for budget reasons, opened for traffic on July 30,2010, when the former bridge closed, engineers estimated that a replacement would cost approximately $19.5 million. However, by 2004, estimates climbed $29.5 million, when planners received construction bids in 2006, the lowest was $44.1 million. Cost overruns, design changes and inspections added another $10 million to the final cost. The original concept of the Main Street bridge was far more complex, initially, the bridge called for a very shallow 10,1 span-to-rise ratio for the main arch, creating significant axial and bending forces. To accommodate the excess forces, the called for expensive, high-strength concrete. This design change was expected to allow for cheaper materials and save over 60,000 pounds of steel while keeping the ten-degree incline that makes the bridge unique. While the redesign of the original concept altered the deck supports, the Main Street bridge also calls for thirteen L-struts, which would attach the arch to the bridge deck. Their original design used tapering geometries which were different for each strut, creating, designing and testing thirteen distinct struts would have been cost-prohibitive, so engineers simplified the designs to reduce costs. While the aesthetics of the design changed because of the more uniform strut design, they are similarly appealing. The final redesign of the Main street bridge was of the piers, the original design called for two V-piers, formed by the convergence of the main arch and the secondary arches on either side. This design proved to be impossible to make structurally sound forcing engineers to simplify the piers. To do so they created a crescent pier shape, which removes the two arches on either end and creates a larger pier to provide better support. Main Street Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels
11.
High Five (Columbus)
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High Five is a collaborative effort to create a national identity for Columbus, Ohio by linking the five most distinct districts along 5 miles of historic High Street. The High Five includes over 150 restaurants,200 shops,40 art galleries and 50 event venues, the Ohio State University has one of the largest campuses in the nation. With over 50,000 students in Columbus alone, the district provides countless sporting events, festivals, concerts, the Short North is an unrivalled collection of galleries, restaurants, and boutiques at the artistic heart of Ohio. The Arena District is a 75 acres development project that is home to housing and dining options, along with one-of-a-kind concert. With a large presence of Nationwide Insurance, the hosts the Columbus Blue Jackets at Nationwide Arena. Home to the Ohio Statehouse, downtown produces a mix of business, headquarters of multiple industries are located here, including Huntington Bank and Nationwide Insurance. Parks such as Columbus Commons and the Scioto Mile provide a refuge while historic theaters are within walking distance. German Village is a neighborhood south of Downtown Columbus. With a number of shops and destinations, this area adds a small town feel to an otherwise urban space
12.
The Short North
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It is an easy walk from the convention center or Nationwide Arena district to the north. The Short North is often crowded on weekends, particularly during the monthly Gallery Hop and other local, the Short North has been described as colorful, offbeat, and trendy. The district is populated with art galleries, specialty shops, pubs, nightclubs. The city installed 17 lighted metal archways extending across High Street throughout the Short North, the 1980s saw the neighborhoods rebirth enter into full gear as galleries began to open up and started to flourish. As Maria Gallowy owner of pm gallery the oldest gallery in the Short North once put it It was one of those neighborhoods that artists love to move into because the possibilities are there. This loose coordination later evolved into the Gallery Hop which is held every first Saturday of the month. The Gallery Hop today features most businesses keeping their doors open late into the night, jam-packed streets, the parade starts in neighboring Victorian Village, at Goodale Park, and winds north to finish coming south down High Street. The Short North also hosts HighBall Halloween, Masquerade on High, in 2011, in its 4th year, HighBall Halloween gained notoriety as it accepted its first Expy award. HighBall Halloween has much to offer for those interested in fashion, each year the event is put on with a different theme and it increases in size and popularity
13.
Italian Village
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Italian Village is a mixed land use neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio that contains an array of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. It is a historic district, known for its historical and cultural preservation. The building types and architecture reflect Italian influence, with its parks and preserved historic homes, Italian Village has the highest home value appreciation in Columbus. Italian Village is part of the Short North area, the neighboring Downtown District provides access to major employers, cultural and learning institutions, and entertainment venues. Italian Village is located in the side of Columbus, Ohio just north of Downtown. The area is bounded by Interstate 670 on the south, Fifth Avenue on the north, North High Street on the west, second Avenue serve as primary corridors within the neighborhood’s street system, which remains a grid street configuration. Fourth Street is one of the routes through downtown while E. Fifth Avenue crosses both the Scioto and Olentangy Rivers, Fifth Avenue contain residential, commercial, office, and industrial buildings. Eighty percent of the buildings are residential, including family homes, double houses. Most residential uses are low density and located in the northwest as well as along the major corridors. Approximately ten percent of the buildings are commercial, which are concentrated along N. Fourth Street and this is a higher land use than directed by its zoning code. The zoning code also calls for more than two thirds manufacturing, though industrial buildings are scattered throughout the area, most manufacture uses are concentrated east of N. Sixth Street and north of E. Second Avenue, while others are found along N, Italian Village was one of Columbus first suburbs. The land was uninhabited until the Columbus-Worthington Pike was built in 1823, with this road stimulating residential growth, the Italian Village area was annexed to Columbus in 1862. The North Columbus Street Railway Company, along with the progression of street car service, by 1899, transportation had enabled a street system with extensive alleys that serviced horse stables behind residences. Entering the early 1900s, the Italian Village was a stable middle-class residential community and its proximity to downtown ensured access to goods, services, and recreational facilities and provided employment opportunities. Electric trolleys carried residents to places that weren’t within walking distance, Italian Village was once an immigrant neighborhood, named for its high concentration of Italian immigrants in its earliest days. However, the Italians were not the only group to occupy the Italian Village
14.
Victorian Village
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Victorian Village is a neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, United States, north and near west of downtown. It is an area with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. He constructed a road on the property to reach his farm, after Neils death, the land was subdivided by his heirs. Southern portions of the Neil Farm were developed and became one of Columbus’s first suburbs, Streetcar lines expanded in 1879 down Neil Avenue, which connected downtown Columbus and The Ohio State University. Because of the streetcar, Neil Avenue became a major north-south route, the Neil Farm, west of current-day Neil Avenue and south of West Fifth Avenue, was platted between 1888 and 1902. Lots were reserved, almost exclusively for large homes, electric Streetcar Service along High Street in 1888, followed by Neil Avenue in 1891, further increased the demand for housing between The Ohio State University and downtown Columbus. By 1920, the majority of these parcels had filled in with Victorian, Italianate Queen Anne, Second Empire, Carpenter-Stick, following 1920, the streetcar gave way to the automobile as the main source of transportation. Increased mobility allowed residents to move away and into suburbs of Columbus. As that occurred, businesses began moving to the suburbs to be closer to their customers. The nearby Flytown, Short North and Italian Village neighborhoods suffered similar decline, renewed interest in Victorian Village was sparked in the 1970s, following the successes of German Village, which had undergone significant revival in the 1960s. Restoration begun in Victorian Village was carried out under the auspices of the Victorian Village Commission, in 1980, it was listed on the list of National Historic Places and is in the Near North Side Historic District. Victorian Village is a neighborhood located north and near west of Downtown and it is just north of the Arena District and to the East is the Italian Village. It is an area with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. Neil Avenue is the main thoroughfare through Victorian Village, a street that crosses through the campus of The Ohio State University. It shares its High Street boundary with the Short North neighborhood to its east, harrison Avenue forms its western boundary. Cocoa Manor is located at 76 Buttles Avenue and it is a recently built Georgian Style home and could be considered a large mansion compared to other Victorian Village residences. The owner of Anthony-Thomas Candy Company, Greg Zanetos, currently lives in the home, built between 1890 and 1914, the Neil Avenue United Methodist Church was first designed by the J. W. Yost firm in 1890, but later completed by Stribling and Lum in 1914. In 1996 it became the home to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, often referred to as the hub of Victorian Village, Goodale Park is a 32-acre park at the southern tip of Victorian Village
15.
Olde Towne East
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Olde Towne East is a neighborhood located in the historical Near East Side of Columbus, Ohio and is one of Columbus oldest neighborhoods. The area has over 1,000 homes, some as old as the 1830s, and more than 50 architectural styles as a result of its history. These homes were built by many of the individuals of Columbus including industrialists, lawyers, judges, teachers, architects, mayors, governors. The site had long been a way point between the Scioto and Muskingum Rivers, by the fifth century, the area had a mound-building culture whose influence lasted into the twentieth century. The only remaining testament to this past is the mound located at the corner of Bryden road. In later years COSI would discover sites showing the neighborhood to have occupied for at least ten thousand years. The Town of Columbus was laid out in 1812 by Joel Wright, a massive population boom followed the Civil War leading to growth along Broad, Long and Main streets. The major transportation was foot, horse, and horse-drawn buggy until the rise of the street car, the area evolved from farmhouses to a subdivision in the 1870s with a few houses remaining, but the majority being gutted in favor of new store frontage. This allowed people to leave the city and live in suburbs, causing further growth along Main, Long and Broad streets. From this period comes the unique style of Olde Towne East, there was a social mixing of rich. It was common for individuals to live up the street from those of middle to lower class. After World War I the area was diverse and encouraged interaction among social classes, at this time, the whole Near East had begun to develop identities within its neighborhoods. Following World War II along with the emerging commonality of the car, and the rise of suburbia, by the 50s much of the housing abandoned by wealthy owners began to deteriorate, while houses that were much older and bigger were divided into apartments and rooming houses. Today, Olde Towne East is going through a major upswing, homes are being renovated and sold at high prices. Upper class families are making a return to the community in large numbers, unfortunately, this has caused a classic example of gentrification. In fact, Olde Towne East was featured in the documentary called Flag Wars, today, one can drive down the streets and watch gentrification occur in person. Next to a renovated mansion there stands an abandoned one for sale to an investor. Olde Towne East is going through a major due to a string of new businesses emerging
16.
King-Lincoln Bronzeville
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King-Lincoln Bronzeville is a historically African American neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, and the site of considerable revitalisation and renovation projects on behalf of the city. In 2009, the King-Lincoln Bronzeville Neighborhood Association asked that the neighborhood be renamed to Bronzeville to reflect its history, the area was at one time much larger, including parts of what is now the Discovery District. The construction of Interstate 71 significantly cut the area off from downtown, causing socioeconomic decline and the growth of crime and violence
17.
Brewery District, Columbus
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The Brewery District, traditionally known as the Old German Brewing District. Is a neighborhood located in Columbus, Ohio, USA, the confluence of the Scioto River, the Columbus Feeder canal, and a spring-fed ravine made this area ideal for opening breweries. The first brewery was opened by Louis Hoster, Jacob Silbernagel, Hoster soon bought out his other two partners, and significantly increased production of the beer that bore his name. Seeing the success of the brewery, other businessmen opened additional breweries. The area has a mix of German style one and a story, brick homes. Today, many of historical homes remain and add character of the Brewery District. Carved stone lintels, round, curved windows and doors, and hood moldings are just a few examples of elements that are preserved in the district. ”The Commission considers. By 1904, the three large breweries had to merge into the Columbus Brewing Company, mostly due to Temperance movements gaining momentum in that time in Ohio. In 1919, the 18th Amendment began Prohibition and City Brewery, eventually, over the next seventy years, the buildings were sold off and used for various purposes including manufacturing and ware housing. The German character of the area was diminished as most of the German families moved away from the area in order to find jobs after the closing of the breweries. For the most part, the Brewery District is flat, with the exception of a 30-foot drop in terrain elevation further south, the Whittier Street Peninsula is also a 100-year floodplain, but there are no restrictions on development there because of this. The brewery districts four sub-areas each has a distinct personality and they are the Northern Tier, the Transitional Tier, the Southern Tier, and the Whittier Street Peninsula. The Northern Tier is bounded by 1-70 on the north, Pearl Street on the east, Sycamore on the south and this tier is close to the Scioto River and has much of the districts earliest development. It is characterized by its historic, industrial buildings that feature lots of brick. Some industry still remains in this tier, but the area has experienced large-scale re-development, for example, the Schlee Brewery was recently adapted for mixed-use, including some residential units and specialty commercial spaces. This project and others have set the tone for this tiers re-development, the Southern Tier includes the area south of Frankfort to Greenlawn Avenue, between Pearl Street and the Conrail tracks. This area is residential and is composed mainly of two or three story brick buildings with front yards, streets with side alleys, and other features common in residential neighborhoods. Architectural styles are similar to those in German Village, a loss of character has occurred in some areas of the district due to demolition and re-construction of homes
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German Village
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German Village is a historic neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, just south of downtown. It was settled in the century by a large number of German immigrants. On November 28,1980, its boundaries increased, and today it is one of the worlds premier historic restorations, in 1796, Congress appropriated the Refugee Lands for individuals who had supported the Colonial cause in the American Revolution. By 1802, an American Revolution veteran named John McGowan claimed 328 acres, as German immigrants arrived, McGowan sold tracts of land to them. By 1814, a settlement had grown up, originally called Das Alte Südende, by 1830, massive German immigration to the city had occurred. The most influential German newspaper in 1843 was Der Westbote, many would serve in the American Civil War, thus gaining the universal respect of the local citizens. By 1865, one-third of Columbuss population was German and the community was flourishing, german-American George J. Karb became mayor of the city, twice, at the end of the 19th century and again in the early 20th century. During the early 20th century, the end saw newcomers from eastern Europe aside from German immigrants. The area was in decline throughout the first half of the 20th century. This was sparked by the sinking of the Lusitania by Germany, the media used this to demonize Germany and German-Americans. The Germans claimed the ship was transporting weapons in a war zone, however, in 2008, millions of rounds of ammunition were found in the ships wreckage. During that time, the teaching of German in public schools was banned, German street names were changed, such as Germania Street becoming the present-day Stewart Avenue, and Schiller Park was temporarily renamed Washington Park. The anti-German sentiment fueled by the media was so bad that in 1918, German books were burned on Broad Street, German canine breeds were taken from their owners and slaughtered, including German Shepherds and Dachshunds. In the early 1950s, Columbus began an urban renewal process that leveled large areas of the city, further decline occurred later due to the closing of the local breweries during Prohibition. After the war, the end was zoned for manufacturing, leading to the erosion of the areas residential feel. In World War II, the tracks and wrought-iron fences were confiscated for the war effort. By the 1950s, the area had become a slum and the city decided to demolish one-third of the neighborhood, with the Village nearing complete destruction, Frank Fetch defied the common wisdom and purchased a house on S. Wall Street, determined to rebuild the neighborhood. Fetch would create the German Village Society, in June 1960, the society hosted the first Haus und Garten Tour, which attracted visitors and the local media to eight restored homes and two gardens
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Franklinton, Columbus, Ohio
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Franklinton is a neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio. Franklinton is the settlement in Franklin County, Ohio. As the city of Columbus grew, the city annexed and incorporated the existing settlement, the low-lying bottom land was well suited for farming, with the river serving as a direct connection to the Ohio River. In 1795 Lucas Sullivant was employed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to survey the Central Ohio portion of the Virginia Military District, Sullivant, along with approximately 20 men surveyed the western side of the Scioto River at the confluence of the Olentangy and Scioto Rivers. As payment for his work, Sullivant was given 6000 acres in the Refugee Tract reserved for those who aided the American Revolution, Sullivant, after surveying the land, returned to Kentucky where he courted Sarah Starling, the daughter of his mentor Colonel William Starling. In 1797, Sullivant returned to the Ohio and laid out a village of 220 lots in Franklin County and this original settlement was abandoned in 1798, a year later, when a flood submerged most of the town. Sullivant relocated the town less than a mile away, off of the banks of the Scioto River, the replatted town was laid out in blocks that contained four lots in a square, with each lot measuring 99’ wide by 115’ deep. To encourage people to move to the new settlement, Sullivant offered free land for anyone willing to build a house along Gift Street, along with platting and settling the town, Sullivant also built several structures out of brick and glass from Philadelphia. These buildings included a courthouse, a home to impress Starling, a brick church. The town of Franklinton was then made the County Seat of Franklin County in 1803, the population and town grew during the War of 1812, as Franklinton served as a staging point for General William Henry Harrison’s army. Columbus’s growth eventually led to the relocation of the county seat to the City of Columbus in 1824, in 1846, traveler Henry Howe had this to say about Franklinton, Franklinton lies on the west side of the Scioto, opposite Columbus. It was the first town laid off in the Scioto valley N. of Chillicothe, from the formation of the county, in 1803, it remained its seat of justice until 1824, when it was removed to Columbus. During the late war, it was a place of rendezvous for the N. W. army. In those days, it was a place of note, it is now a small village, containing. He visited again in 1886, writing, Franklinton now is included in the city of Columbus and it has changed less than any part of the city so near the centre, and preserves to this day many of its old style village features. It is a spot, but cannot much longer so remain in the rapid progress of improvements. During the last half of the century, four railroads were established in Franklinton. In 1850, the Columbus and Xenia Railroad Company was chartered to build and operate a railroad ran from Columbus, Ohio to Xenia
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Arena District
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Arena District is a mixed-use planned development and neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio. The site was developed through a partnership between Nationwide Realty Investors, Ltd. the City of Columbus and private investors, interpretation of the boundaries of the district are evolving as the neighboring blocks around the original 75-acre site has seen additional commercial and residential development. Arena District is named for Nationwide Arena, the Arena District is located on the former sites of the southern portion Olentangy Industrial cluster and the Ohio Penitentiary. The Olentangy Industrial Cluster experienced a slow but steady decline and this decline was also experienced by the adjacent residential neighborhood of Flytown, where many of the workers in the complex resided. Most of Flytown was later redeveloped into the Thurber neighborhood, the area sees a good deal of vehicular traffic but few pedestrians. ”The Arena District was also the site of the Ohio Penitentiary which operated from 1834 to 1984. The prison is famous for several occupants including General John Hunt Morgan, Bugs Moran, Chester Himes, Sam Sheppard and it was demolished March 26,1997. Around the mid-1990s the area was almost entirely abandoned and redevelopment opportunities were envisioned by the City of Columbus, following the closure of the Ohio Penitentiary the land was owned by the City of Columbus and it courted various firms and investors for redevelopment plans. At the time of the project in 1996 then City Councilman Michael B. Coleman, who was later the mayor of Columbus, said that the Ohio Penitentiary site is the “most important and potentially most valuable single site in downtown Columbus. ”After proposals were reviewed, NRI purchased an additional four acres from American Electric Power Company for $11 million. NRI worked further with The Columbus Dispatch Printing Company, private investors, NRI funded $450 million of the project, the Dispatch provided an additional $10 million, and other private investors provided $40 million more for the construction of buildings in Arena District. By the end of 2013 construction began on the last phase of the Arena District, the last major phase of construction includes the new headquarters for Columbus-based Columbia Gas of Ohio and completed second phase of the residential Flats on Vine. The 75-acre Arena District site is bounded by Vine Street to the north, Spring Street to the south, High Street to the east and Neil Avenue to the west. The commonly accepted borders of Arena District are considerably larger, as evidenced by both the Arena District website and locals when referring to it, the expanded boundaries include Huntington Park, the Lifestyles Community Pavilion and Buggyworks to the west, and Nationwide’s corporate headquarters to the east. Arena District is directly south of the North Market and Park Street Districts, north of Downtown, generally, when walking west of High Street the land falls away towards the Olentangy River, and the grade is significant, especially alongside Nationwide Arena. The neighborhood has public spaces that are used for major events throughout the year such as McFerson Commons Park, Battelle Plaza. These events include, The Arnold Sports Festival, Jazz & Rib Fest, Columbus Blue Jackets hockey games, Nationwide Arena has a seating capacity of 18,500 for hockey,19,500 for basketball and 20,000 for concerts. The Lifestyles Community Pavilion, commonly referred to as “The L. C. ” or by its previous name “Promowest, ” is a venue in Columbus. During the spring, summer and fall they host outdoor concerts on a regular basis, the venue seats 2,200 and 4,500 in its Backyard Amphitheater
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Mixed-use development
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Mixed-use development can take the form of a single building, a city block, or entire neighbourhoods. Traditionally, human settlements have developed in mixed-use patterns, in the United States, the heyday of separate-use zoning was after World War II, but since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as the benefits are recognized. Walking was the way that people and goods were moved about. Most people dwelt in buildings that were places of work as well as domestic life, people lived at very high densities because the amount of space required for daily living and movement between different activities was determined by walkability and the scale of the human body. This was particularly true in cities, and the floor of buildings was often devoted to some sort of commercial or productive use. This historical mixed-used pattern of development declined during industrialisation in favor of separation of manufacturing. This period saw massive migrations of people from areas to cities drawn by work in factories. These influxes of new workers needed to be accommodated and many new urban districts arose at this time with domestic housing being their primary function, thus began a separating out of land uses that previously had occurred in the same spaces. Furthermore, many factories produced substantial pollution of various kinds, distance was required to minimize adverse impacts from noise, dirt, noxious fumes and dangerous substances. Even so, at time, most industrialized cities were of a size that allowed people to walk between the different areas of the city. These factors were important in the push for Euclidean or single-use zoning premised on the compartmentalization of land uses into like functions, in the United States, another impetus for Euclidean zoning was the birth of the skyscraper. Fear of buildings blocking out the sun led many to call for zoning regulations, Zoning regulations, first put into place in the 1916 Zoning Resolution, not only called for limits on building heights, but eventually called for separations of uses. This was largely meant to people from living next to polluted industrial areas. This separation, however, was extended to commercial uses as well and this type of zoning was widely adopted by municipal zoning codes. However, it has been the post-second World War dominance of the automobile, throughout the late 20th century, it began to become apparent to many urban planners and other professionals that mixed-use development had many benefits and should be promoted again. As American, British, Canadian and Australian cities deindustrialized, the need to separate residences from hazardous factories became less important, completely separate zoning created isolated islands of each type of development. In 1961, Jane Jacobs influential The Death and Life of Great American Cities argued that a mixture of uses is vital, Zoning laws have been revised accordingly and increasingly attempt to address these problems by using mixed-use zoning. Mixed-use guidelines often result in buildings with streetfront commercial space
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Nationwide Arena
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Nationwide Arena is a large multi-purpose arena, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Since completion in 2000, the arena has served as the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League, in May 2012, Columbus Mayor Michael B. Coleman made a pitch to the NBA requesting an expansion or relocated team be moved to Nationwide Arena. The venue is named for the original majority owner, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company. Nationwides real estate development affiliate, Nationwide Realty Investors, financed and developed the project—making it one of very few privately financed arenas in the nation. On March 30,2012, arena owners Nationwide Insurance and the Dispatch Publishing Group sold the facility to the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, in addition, the Ohio Department of Development agreed to a 10-year, $10 million loan to the FCCFA to assist with the facilities purchase. If the Blue Jackets meet annual roster payroll requirement, $500,000 of this loan per year will be forgiven. Nationwide Insurance will also pay the Blue Jackets $28 million to retain the arenas naming rights until 2022 as well as $58 million to purchase 30% ownership stake in the franchise. The Blue Jackets, in turn, agreed to remain in the city until 2039 or pay $36 million in damages and this arrangement made Nationwide Arena a sister venue to OSUs on-campus arena, Value City Arena. The university started booking acts in May 2010 and assumed day to day control of the arena on July 1,2010, the arena is of a brick design and serves as the center of an entertainment district located about one-half of a mile north of the Ohio State Capitol. Seating capacity is approximately 18,500 for hockey,17,171 for arena football,19,500 for basketball, the area surrounding Nationwide Arena, called the Arena District, houses bars, clubs and a movie theater. The Columbus Clippers, a AAA baseball team in the International League, Columbus uses the arena as a drawing point for the city with the other establishments feeding off of the foot traffic. The Lifestyle Communities Pavilion concert venue, and Arena Grand Theatre adjacent to the Nationwide Arena property, on March 16,2002, 14-year-old Brittanie Cecil was struck in the head by a deflected puck during the Blue Jackets game against the Calgary Flames at Nationwide Arena. She died two days later, becoming the only NHL fan to be killed in a game-related accident, as a result of her death, the NHL mandated safety netting in all its arenas. Nationwide Arena was built near the site of the former Ohio Penitentiary, the arena itself is built over the prisons former parking lot. The arenas parking lot and an apartment complex are built where the prison formerly stood, on October 7,2000, the arena hosted the Columbus Blue Jackets first game against the Chicago Blackhawks. Bruce Gardiner scored the franchises first goal in the first period, the PBRs Built Ford Tough Series bull riding tour has held an event every year at Nationwide Arena since 2000. It was the last event of the BFTS regular season between 2000 and 2007. On June 12,2004, the hosted the WWE pay-per-view Bad Blood The arena hosted first and second round games of the 2004,2007,2012
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Columbus Blue Jackets
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The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Blue Jackets were founded as an expansion team in 2000. The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009, the Blue Jackets name and logos were inspired by Ohios Civil War history. The Blue Jackets play their games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL, prior to the establishment of the Blue Jackets, the last NHL team in the state of Ohio was the Cleveland Barons, who played from 1976 to 1978. In Columbus, the Blue Jackets replaced the Columbus Chill of the ECHL, the Chill played at the Ohio Expo Center Coliseum where they had an 83-game sellout streak, which was a minor league hockey record at the time. In November 1996, five investors formed a partnership called Columbus Hockey Limited, who submitted an application. The voters of Columbus were considering a referendum to build a publicly financed arena, when League Commissioner Gary Bettman visited Columbus to meet with the communitys leaders about the franchise proposal, there was concern that the voters might not pass the needed referendum. The civic leaders told Bettman that they would not be willing to foot the bill for the if the referendum failed. However, just after the meeting adjourned, John H. McConnell privately guaranteed Bettman that an arena would be built, Columbus hopes for the bid dimmed when the May referendum failed. However, Nationwide announced on May 31,1997, that it would finance the $150-million arena, subsequently, on June 25,1997, the NHL announced that Columbus would receive a new franchise. Afterwards a Name the Team contest was held with the help from Wendys throughout central Ohio during the month of August 1997, out of 14,000 submitted entries, the franchise with help from the NHL narrowed the 14,000 entries down to 10 names. Then with the information received from owner John H. McConnell regarding Columbus history, the League, the former, which referenced Ohios contributions to the American Civil War, was eventually announced as the team name in November. On June 23,2000, the NHLs two newest teams, the Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild, took part in the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft in Calgary, Alberta. Under the drafts rules,26 of the NHLs active 28 teams were allowed to protect one goaltender, five defensemen, and nine forwards, or two goaltenders, three defensemen, and seven forwards. The Atlanta Thrashers and Nashville Predators both had their full rosters protected because they were the two newest teams, only being in existence for one and two years, respectively. Both the Blue Jackets and Wild had to use their first 24 selections on three goaltenders, eight defensemen, and thirteen forwards and their final two picks could be players of any position. With the first-overall choice, the Blue Jackets selected goaltender Rick Tabaracci from the Colorado Avalanche, over the course of the draft, Columbus picked up goalie Dwayne Roloson, defensemen Lyle Odelein and Mathieu Schneider, and forwards Geoff Sanderson, Turner Stevenson and Dallas Drake, among others
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Huntington Park (Columbus, Ohio)
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Huntington Park is baseball stadium located in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It primarily serves as the home of the Columbus Clippers of the International League, groundbreaking for the ballpark took place on August 2,2007, with construction being completed in April 2009. Designed by 360 Architecture, the 10, 100-seat stadium is part of a $70 million project, the stadium is at the corner of Neil Avenue and Nationwide Boulevard in the Arena District of Columbus and replaced the Clippers former home, Cooper Stadium. In February 2006, the rights for the park were purchased by Huntington Bancshares Inc. for $12 million over 23 years. On April 18,2009, the park opened to the public, the award is given to the new stadium with the best combination of superior design, attractive site selection and fan amenities. The ballparks attendance record was set on July 26,2010 when 12,517 fans saw the Clippers defeat the Pawtucket Red Sox 11-7, the selection of the construction firms to build the ballpark was a contentious issue. On November 5,2007, Lithko Contracting of Hamilton, Ohio filed suit against Franklin County, at issue was the fact that the contract for pouring concrete was awarded to Baker Construction despite Lithkos bid coming in $17,500 lower. It was alleged that the Franklin County Commissioners had favored Baker over Lithko because Baker employed union labor, because the Commissioners did not want to face delays due to a lawsuit, they awarded the contract to Lithko on November 9,2007. The county was subsequently sued two more times by firms after they were denied the contracts despite being low bidders, in those cases, the county rejected the low bid due to allegations of prevailing wage violations by the low bidders. State Representative Larry Wolpert had asked the state controlling board not to release $7 million in funds until the low bidders were selected, the ballpark includes 32 suites,42 loge boxes, and 650 club seats. The Left Field Building includes a 110-foot bar with six open patios overlooking the field on the second story, the third story is The AEP Power Pavilion, an open air rooftop with bleachers reminiscent of Wrigley Field. The Picnic Terrace in left field will offer fans a place to relax, the Wendy’s Hamburger Balconies in right field overlook a 22-foot wall that is only 318 feet down the line. The park hosted the 2009,2010,2011, and 2012 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournaments, the park has also hosted the OHSAA High School Baseball state championship games since its opening in 2009. On June 22,2010 Huntington Park held its first major concert, the Dave Matthews Band performed on a stage in center field. On June 14,2012 REO Speedwagon performed a concert at Huntington Park, official Home Page Franklin County Clippers News Page Construction Web Cam Columbus Clippers Home
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Express Live!
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Express Live. is a multi-purpose concert venue located in the Arena District of Columbus, Ohio. Opening in 2001, the venues operates year-round with indoor and outdoor facilities, the venue was modeled after the House of Blues and described as the Newport Music Hall on steroids. It features state-of-the-art lighting, acoustical systems and a reversible stage, in 2001, the venue was nominated for a Pollstar Awards for Best New Major Concert Venue. Its sister venue, Stage AE is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, promoWest Pavilion Lifestyle Communities Pavilion Express Live
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John Brooks (mayor)
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John Brooks was the ninth mayor of Columbus, Ohio. He was the first mayor elected by vote in the City of Columbus on April 14,1834. He was elected to a term, but only served for one year. He resigned from office on April 21,1835, John Bailhache was appointed by city council to complete the unexpired term of Brooks. History Of Bay County, Michigan And Representative Citizens, John Brooks at Find a Grave John Brooks at Political Graveyard
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LeVeque Tower
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The LeVeque Tower is a 47-story Art Deco-style building in Columbus, Ohio. Located at 50 West Broad Street, it was the tallest building in Columbus from 1927 until 1974 when the Rhodes State Office Tower was completed. The LeVeque Tower is 555 feet 6 inches tall, which at the time of its completion made it the tallest building between New York City and Chicago and the fifth tallest building in the world. It was meant to be exactly one half-foot taller than the Washington Monument in Washington D. C. The LeVeque Tower was commissioned by the American Insurance Union and originally called the American Insurance Union Citadel, the term citadel was chosen for its strong and enduring connotations, which the AIU wanted to convey to the public. Its creation was spearheaded by the leader of the AIU, local magnate John J. Lentz and it was designed by architect C. Howard Crane. Its construction cost approximately $8 million and its construction occurred along with a massive revitalization of the riverfront area in downtown Columbus after much of the area had severe problems with flooding. This aspect of the building was played up in marketing campaigns. Today, using better measuring devices, it is now known the Washington Monument is 555 feet 5 1⁄8 inches tall, the tower is a steel-frame building covered in glazed architectural terra-cotta tiles with an oak-bark texture. The building is extremely stable because its foundation goes all the way down to bedrock, C. Howard Crane devised a system derived from the method used to build the foundations for the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge. Caissons were sunk into the ground, and workers dug out the dirt from inside their pressurized walls and this method was necessary due to the towers proximity to the Scioto River, which meant ground water was only a few yards below the surface. This method was, however, very costly, both from the standpoint that the equipment and power needed to run it but also because working in a pressurized environment is very taxing on the workers. It was also time-consuming to get ready to work. All said, some workers would only spend 30 minutes actually digging before heading back up to the surface, the foundation resulted in the longest leg of the building process. Five people lost their lives during the construction of the tower, one fell from the steel framing. Four others died during the construction of the foundation when a pocket of gas was opened during digging. The gas overwhelmed the workers, and they fell into the hole of the foundation, originally, the buildings exterior featured a large number of sculptures. However, for legal and safety reasons much of it had to be removed because the terra-cotta began to crumble, LeVeque could have a view from his office
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Slum
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A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing and squalor. While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of water, reliable electricity, law enforcement. Slum residences vary from shanty houses to professionally built dwellings that because of poor-quality construction or provision of services have deteriorated into slums, Slums were common in the 18th to early 20th centuries in the United States and Europe. More recently slums have been found in urban regions of developing and undeveloped parts of the world. According to UN-Habitat, around 33% of the population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people. Among individual countries, the proportion of residents living in slum areas in 2009 was highest in the Central African Republic. Between 1990 and 2010 the percentage of people living in slums dropped, the worlds largest slum city is in Mexico City. Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many different reasons. Some causes include rapid rural-to-urban migration, economic stagnation and depression, high unemployment, poverty, informal economy, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and social conflicts. It is thought that slum is a British slang word from the East End of London meaning room, Slums were common in the United States and Europe before the early 20th century. Slums are now associated with Victorian Britain, particularly in industrial English towns, lowland Scottish towns. Engels described these British neighborhoods as cattle-sheds for human beings and these were generally still inhabited until the 1940s, when the government started slum clearance and built new council houses. There are still many left of former slum housing in the UK. By the 1920s it had become a slang expression in England, meaning either various taverns and eating houses, loose talk or gypsy language. In Life in London Pierce Egan used the word in the context of the slums of Holy Lane or St Giles. A footnote defined slum to mean low, unfrequent parts of the town, charles Dickens used the word slum in a similar way in 1840, writing I mean to take a great, London, back-slum kind walk tonight. Slum began to be used to describe bad housing soon after and was used as alternative expression for rookeries and this passage was widely quoted in the national press, leading to the popularisation of the word slum to describe bad housing. In France as in most industrialised European capitals, slums were widespread in Paris and other areas in the 19th century
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Scioto River
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The Scioto River is a river in central and southern Ohio more than 231 miles in length. It rises in Auglaize County in west central Ohio, flows through Columbus, Ohio, where it collects its largest tributary, the Olentangy River, too small for modern commercial shipping, its primary economic importance is for recreation and drinking water. The lower Scioto River valley is large compared to the width of the river and is extensively farmed, meltwaters from retreating glaciers carved the valley exceptionally wide. Valley bottoms are smooth, and flood deposits created during and since the most recent Glacial period cause floodplain soils to be very productive, as a result, farms line much of the lower Scioto where it flows through low, rolling hills covered in hardwood trees. The geologic history of the Scioto River is tied to the destruction of the Teays River network during the Ice Ages, the north flowing Teays River was dammed by glaciers, and damming of other rivers led to a series of floods as lakes overflowed into adjacent valleys. Glacial Lake Tight is estimated to have been two-thirds the size of modern Lake Erie, valleys beyond the reach of glaciers were reorganized to create the Ohio River, and the Scioto River replaced the Teays River. The Scioto River flows through segments of the Teays River valley, in the cities of Columbus and Dublin, the river has cut a gorge in fossil-bearing Devonian limestone, and many tributary streams have waterfalls, such as Hayden Falls. The Scioto River valley was home to many Native American cultures, the best known group is the Mound Builders of the Hopewell tradition. Numerous burial mounds can be seen near Chillicothe at the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park, the former strength of these cultures is demonstrated in settler accounts from as far east as Virginia. The name Scioto is derived from the Wyandot word skɛnǫ·tǫ’ deer (compare Shenandoah, during the antebellum years, the Scioto River provided a route to freedom for many slaves escaping from the South, as they continued north after crossing the Ohio River. Towns such as Chillicothe became important stops on the Underground Railroad, a traditional fiddle tune in the Appalachian repertoire, “Big Scioty”, takes its name from the river. The melody is attributed to the Hammons family of West Virginia, in 2012, the river dropped to record- or near-record-low water levels as a result of the acute effects of the 2012 North American drought in Ohio. Threats facing the river include agricultural pollutants from upstream and urban-generated pollutants such as contaminated street runoff, rapid residential and commercial development in the watershed is increasing stormwater runoff. There are two dams on the river. Griggs Dam in Columbus was built in 1904–1908 to impound a water supply for the city, farther upstream, at Shawnee Hills, the OShaughnessy Dam was built in 1922–1925 creating a larger reservoir which was billed at the time as the finest inland waterway in the United States. Both dams are operated by the city of Columbus, the removal of the Main Street Dam in downtown Columbus, which was built in 1921, began in November 2013. The removal was proposed in the 2010 Strategic Plan for downtown Columbus. Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus Downtown Development Corporation, Franklin County Board of Commissioners, Metro Parks, The Columbus Foundation, and Battelle
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Nova Scotia
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Nova Scotia is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces which form Atlantic Canada. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province, with an area of 55,284 square kilometres, including Cape Breton, as of 2016, the population was 923,598. Nova Scotia is the second most-densely populated province in Canada with 17.4 inhabitants per square kilometre, Nova Scotia means New Scotland in Latin and is the recognized English language name for the province. In Scottish Gaelic, the province is called Alba Nuadh, which simply means New Scotland. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province in area after Prince Edward Island, the provinces mainland is the Nova Scotia peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, including numerous bays and estuaries. Nowhere in Nova Scotia is more than 67 km from the ocean, Nova Scotia has many ancient fossil-bearing rock formations. These formations are rich on the Bay of Fundys shores. Blue Beach near Hantsport, Joggins Fossil Cliffs, on the Bay of Fundys shores, has yielded an abundance of Carboniferous age fossils, wassons Bluff, near the town of Parrsboro, has yielded both Triassic and Jurassic age fossils. Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone, since the province is almost surrounded by the sea, the climate is closer to maritime than to continental climate. The winter and summer temperature extremes of the climate are moderated by the ocean. However, winters are cold enough to be classified as continental – still being nearer the freezing point than inland areas to the west. The Nova Scotia climate is in ways similar to the central Baltic Sea coast in Northern Europe. This is in spite of Nova Scotia being some fifteen parallels south, areas not on the Atlantic coast experience warmer summers more typical of inland areas, and winter lows a little colder. The province includes regions of the Mikmaq nation of Mikmaki, the Mikmaq people inhabited Nova Scotia at the time the first European colonists arrived. In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada at Port Royal, the British conquest of Acadia took place in 1710. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 formally recognized this and returned Cape Breton Island to the French, present-day New Brunswick then still formed a part of the French colony of Acadia. The British changed the name of the capital from Port Royal to Annapolis Royal, in 1749, the capital of Nova Scotia moved from Annapolis Royal to the newly established Halifax. In 1755 the vast majority of the French population were removed in the Expulsion of the Acadians
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Interstate 70
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Interstate 70 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States that runs from I-15 near Cove Fort, Utah to I-695 near Baltimore, Maryland. I-70 approximately traces the path of U. S. Route 40 east of the Rocky Mountains, West of the Rockies, the route of I-70 was derived from multiple sources. The Interstate runs through or near major cities, including Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Columbus, Pittsburgh. The sections of the interstate in Missouri and Kansas have laid claim to be the first interstate in the United States. The construction of I-70 in Colorado and Utah is considered an engineering marvel as the passes through the Eisenhower Tunnel, Glenwood Canyon. The Eisenhower Tunnel is the highest point along the Interstate Highway system with an elevation of 11,158 ft. Interstate 70 begins at an interchange with Interstate 15 near Cove Fort. Upon leaving the valley near Salina, I-70 crosses 7,923 ft Salina Summit, prior to the construction of I-70, the swell was inaccessible via paved roads and relatively undiscovered. It also became the longest piece of highway to be opened at one time. Although opened in 1970, this section was not formally complete until 1990, since I-70s construction, the swell has been noted for its desolate beauty. The swell has since been nominated for National Park and/or National Monument status on multiple occasions, if the swell is granted this status it arguably would be the first time a National Park owes its existence to an interstate highway. Most of the exits in this span are rest areas, brake check areas, I-70 exits the swell near Green River. From Green River to the Colorado state line, I-70 follows the edge of the Book Cliffs. Entering from Utah, I-70 descends into the Grand Valley where it meets the Colorado River, here I-70 serves the Grand Junction metro area before traversing more mountainous terrain. The last section of I-70 to be completed was the 15-mile Glenwood Canyon, construction was delayed for many years due to environmental concerns. Much of the highway is elevated above the Colorado River, the speed limit in this section is 50 mph due to the limited sight distance and sharp corners. The Eisenhower–Johnson Memorial Tunnel, the highest vehicular tunnel in North America, because of the rugged and narrow terrain of the Rocky Mountains, I-70 is one of few roads connecting Colorados ski resorts with Denver. Descending through the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, the Denver skyline can be seen on a clear day. This can fool truckers and other unsuspecting drivers because there is still over 10 miles of steep grade road before reaching the city, a series of signs warns truckers of the steep grade
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Interstate 71
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Interstate 71 is an Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern and Southeastern region of the United States. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 64 and Interstate 65 in Louisville and its northern terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 90 in Cleveland, Ohio. I-71 runs concurrently with Interstate 75 from a point about twenty miles south of Cincinnati, almost three quarters of the route lies east of I-75, thereby putting it out of its proper place in the Interstate grid. While I-71 is designated a highway, it is a major east–west route for cross-country traffic. It links I-80 and I-90 to I-70, and ultimately links to I-40, in Kentucky, I-71 begins east of Downtown Louisville at the Kennedy Interchange, where it meets I-64 and I-65. This interchange is sometimes called the Spaghetti Junction, from Louisville, it roughly follows the Ohio River in a diagonal path toward Northern Kentucky. Between Louisville and Cincinnati, I-71 is largely a four-lane highway and it is one of the worst bus accidents in state and national history. I-71 merges with Interstate 75 near Walton and intersects Interstate 275, after passing through Covington, the freeway crosses the Ohio River via the lower level of the Brent Spence Bridge and continues into Cincinnati. In Cincinnati, I-71 splits immediately from I-75 and heads due east onto Fort Washington Way, just east of downtown, US-50 splits from I-71 and continues east, I-71 bends north and receives Interstate 471, a spur from southeast of the city. I-71 then heads in a general northeast direction through urban Cincinnati, after another interchange with the Interstate 275 beltway, the freeway leaves the metropolitan area and heads towards Columbus. It continues northeast until it reaches South Lebanon, Ohio, where it begins cutting east across the plains of southwest Ohio. The freeway crosses the Little Miami River on the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge, which is a truss bridge. I-71 heads towards Columbus then intersects with the bypass I-270 before heading north into urban Columbus, about a mile north of the I-70 junction, it intersects with I-670. After another interchange with the I-270 bypass, the exits out of Columbus and continues north until near Delaware. Beginning its path to Cleveland, I-71 enters the farm country on the edges of the Allegheny Plateau. It continues in this fashion to Lodi/Westfield Center and its junction with I-76, heading north to Medina, it meets the terminus of I-271. The highway then continues north into urban Cuyahoga County and Clevelands suburbs, passing Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, I-71 meets I-480 and enters Clevelands west side, continuing on to downtown. It junctions with State Route 176 and terminates at Interstate 90 on the Innerbelt, the first section of I-71 in Louisville opened in December 1966 between its terminus at Spaghetti Junction and Zorn Avenue, its first exit
33.
Interstate 670 (Ohio)
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Interstate 670 is an Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Ohio that passes through downtown Columbus, connecting I-70 west of downtown with I-270 and US62 near the eastern suburb of Gahanna. I-670 provides access to Port Columbus International Airport, and intersects SR315, the section between SR315 and I-71 is commonly referred to by locals as the North Innerbelt, with the rest of the innerbelt consisting of SR315, I-70, and I-71. Two decades passed before work began on the last remaining section, work on this section also included the High Street cap, a cut-and-cover bridge over the highway featuring shops and restaurants. I-670 was finally completed in 2003, west of I-71, I-670 passes around both sides of Fort Hayes with two two-way roadways. The entire route is in Franklin County
34.
Grandview Heights, Ohio
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Grandview Heights is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,536 at the 2010 census, the city was originally part of Marble Cliff, one of the first suburbs of Columbus, which settled as a community in 1890 and incorporated as the Hamlet of Marble Cliff in 1901. Grandview Heights became a village in 1906, and a city in 1931. Grandview Heights maintains its own police and fire departments and an independent school district and its neighbor, Marble Cliff, contracts with the city to provide these to its own residents. Grandview Heights is located at 39°58′50″N 83°2′28″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.33 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,536 people,2,927 households, the population density was 4,914.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,087 housing units at a density of 2,321.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 6% White,1. 4% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 2% Asian,0. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 4% of the population. 31. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.86. The median age in the city was 35.7 years. 21. 5% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,33. 7% were from 25 to 44,27. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 9. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 5% male and 51. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 6,695 people,2,953 households, and 1,742 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,972.1 people per square mile, there were 3,034 housing units at an average density of 2,253.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 92% White,1. 34% African American,0. 06% Native American,1. 00% Asian,0. 42% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 51% of the population. 32. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92. In the city the population was out with 24. 7% under the age of 18,6. 8% from 18 to 24,34. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $51,328, and the median income for a family was $63,713
35.
Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball
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The Ohio State mens basketball team represents The Ohio State University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition. The Buckeyes are a member of the Big Ten Conference, the Buckeyes won their only National Championship in 1960 and have made a total of 27 NCAA Tournament appearances. The Buckeyes share a rivalry with the Michigan Wolverines, in which OSU has an 93–71 series lead. The Ohio State University is one of two teams to make an NCAA tournament appearance every decade since the 1930s. The Buckeyes play their games at Value City Arena in The Jerome Schottenstein Center which opened in 1998. The official capacity of the center is 19,200, Ohio State ranks 18th in the nation in average home attendance. Thad Matta was named the coach of Ohio State in 2004 to replace coach Jim OBrien after being involved in supposed NCAA violations which cost Ohio State over 113 wins between 1998 and 2002. The first basketball team at The Ohio State University was formed in 1898, sparing success followed the Buckeyes throughout their time as an independent school. In the year 1912, some thirteen years after forming their first basketball team, the Buckeyes joined the Big Nine Conference, the Olsen era is also highlighted by appearing in the final game for the first ever NCAA Championship Tournament in 1939 where the Buckeyes lost to Oregon 33–46. The Buckeyes would make three more Final Four appearances under Olsen, along with winning five Big Ten championships, following Harold Olsen as head coach Tippy Dye and Floyd Stahl made their stints with the Buckeyes. While not seeing the amount of success as Olsen did, Dye. Of all other Buckeye coaches, it was Fred Taylor who would give Ohio State basketball its greatest claim to fame, with the hiring of Taylor in 1958, not much was expected following an 11–11 season during the 1958–1959 season. However, in 1960, the second coach, Taylor. The 1960 championship season is the only NCAA Tournament championship that the Buckeyes have compiled since that date, Taylors Buckeyes continued their dominance by being the runner-up the following two seasons, and making a total of five tournament appearances during Taylors 18 seasons tenure. With the departure of his team, Taylor began to see teams accustomed to Ohio State basketball of the past. Taylors last season at Ohio State in 1976 saw the Buckeyes going 6–20, Taylor also achieved seven conference titles and an impressive overall winning percentage of over 65%. Past the Taylor era, Ohio State saw Eldon Miller, Gary Williams, between 1976 and 1997 the Buckeyes made the NCAA Bracket only eight times, while being crowned conference champions only twice. In 1997, Jim OBrien was hired to head coach Randy Ayers
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Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball
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The Ohio State womens basketball team represents Ohio State University and plays its home games in the Value City Arena at the Jerome Schottenstein Center, which they moved into in 1998. Prior to 1998, they played at St. John Arena and they have won 12 Big Ten titles, which is the most in the conference and have twenty appearances in the NCAA Tournament, the most recent being in 2010. In 1993, they lost to Sheryl Swoopes and the Texas Tech Red Raiders 84–82 for the national title and they captured the NIT title in 2001, beating the New Mexico Lobos 62–61. Notable alumni include former All-Americans Katie Smith and Jessica Davenport and they are currently coached by Kevin McGuff, who was most recently the head coach at the University of Washington. Conference tournament winners noted with # Source 2016–17 Ohio State Buckeyes mens basketball team Official Site ESPN site
37.
Columbus Clippers
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The Columbus Clippers are a minor league baseball team based in Columbus, Ohio. The team plays in the International League and is the Triple-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians, the team is owned by the government of Franklin County, Ohio. From 1977 to 2008, the Clippers played in Cooper Stadium, the final game at The Coop was played on September 1,2008 in front of a sellout crowd of 16,777. It was the third largest audience in stadium history, in 2009, the Clippers began playing in Huntington Park, located at the corner of Neil Ave. and Nationwide Blvd. in the Arena District of Columbus. The Clippers began play in 1977 as an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, changing its affiliation to the New York Yankees in 1979, an affiliation with the Washington Nationals lasted from 2007 to 2008. A four-year affiliation with the Cleveland Indians was announced on September 18,2008, in September 2010 that working agreement with the Indians was extended through 2014. The agreement has since extended through the 2016 season. On September 16,2011, the team won back-to-back Governors Cup championships for the first time since 1992 by defeating the Lehigh Valley IronPigs 3 games to 1 in the best-of-five series. On September 20,2011 the Clippers defeated the Omaha Storm Chasers in the Triple-A Baseball National Championship Game to win their second consecutive AAA baseball title, in 2016, Forbes listed the Clippers as the fifth-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $41 million. The Clippers have won the Governors Cup, the International League championship,10 times,1979 – Defeated Tidewater 3-1 in semifinals, defeated Syracuse 4-3 to win championship. 1980 – Defeated Richmond 3-2 in semifinals, defeated Toledo 4-1 to win championship,1981 – Defeated Rochester 3-2 in semifinals, defeated Richmond 2-1 to win championship. 1982 - Lost to Tidewater 3-0 in semifinals,1983 - Lost to Tidewater 3-2 in semifinals. 1984 - Lost to Pawtucket 3-1 in semifinals,1985 – Defeated Syracuse 3-1 in semifinals, lost to Tidewater 3-1 in finals. 1987 – Defeated Rochester 3-0 in semifinals, defeated Tidewater 3-0 in finals,1990 – Lost to Rochester 3-2 in finals. 1991 – Defeated Pawtucket 3-0 to win championship,1992 – Defeated Richmond 3-0 in semifinals, defeated Scranton/Wilkes-Barre 3-2 to win championship. 1996 – Defeated Norfolk 3-0 in semifinals, defeated Rochester 3-0 to win championship,1997 – Defeated Charlotte 3-1 in semifinals, lost to Rochester 3-2 in finals. 1999 - Lost to Durham 3-0 in semifinals,2004 - Lost to Richmond 3-2 in semifinals. 2010 – Defeated Scranton Wilkes-Barre 3-1 in semifinals, defeated Durham 3-1 to win championship,2011 – Defeated Durham 3-0 in semifinals, defeated Lehigh Valley 3-1 to win championship
38.
Cleveland Indians
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The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field, the teams spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. The Indians current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, the name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season. The name referenced the nickname Indians that was applied to the Cleveland Spiders baseball club during the time when Louis Sockalexis, common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos, the latter being a reference to their logo, Chief Wahoo, a controversial Native American caricature. The teams mascot is named Slider, the franchise originated in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team in the Western League. The team moved to Cleveland in 1900 and changed its name to the Cleveland Lake Shores, one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds, the played in League Park until moving permanently to Cleveland Stadium in 1946. At the end of the 2016 season, they had a regular season record of 9. In 1857 baseball games were a spectacle in Clevelands Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, – Harold Seymour 1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland 1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland From 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities which established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was called the Forest Citys. In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, ultimately, two of the leagues western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that citys White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NAs westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded, Cleveland played their full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season. 1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys 1882–1884 Cleveland Blues In 1876, the National League supplanted the NA as the professional league. Cleveland were not among its members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries. The Cleveland Forest Citys baseball team was then re-created, the National League required distinct colors for the 1882 season, so the Cleveland Forest Citys became the Cleveland Blues
39.
Michael B. Coleman
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Michael B. Coleman is an American politician of the Democratic Party who served as the 52nd mayor of Columbus, Ohio. He was the first African-American to serve as the mayor of Ohios capital city, Coleman was a member of the Columbus City Council from 1992 to 1999, serving as its president from 1997 to 1999. In 1998, Coleman was the mate for gubernatorial candidate Lee Fisher. Coleman ran for and won the Columbus mayorship in 1999 and was re-elected unopposed November 4,2003, in 2007, Mayor Coleman won a third term as mayor of Columbus. In 2011, he was re-elected for a fourth term, in January 2014, as he began his 15th year in office, Coleman achieved the distinction of being the longest-serving mayor in Columbus history. On November 25,2014, Coleman announced that he would not run for reelection and his final term in office ended on January 1,2016, when he was succeeded by Andrew Ginther. Michael B. Coleman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 18,1954, after growing up in the Toledo area, Coleman earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Cincinnati and a Juris Doctor from the University of Dayton School of Law. From 1984 to 1999, Coleman was an attorney in the practice of Columbus law firm Schottenstein. Michael B. Coleman began his career in office when he was appointed to Columbus City Council in 1992. He was subsequently re-elected to two terms in office, Coleman served as Columbus City Council President from 1997 until his election as mayor in 1999. Coleman was selected as the 1998 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Ohio, Fisher and Coleman lost a heavily contested race to Bob Taft and Maureen OConnor. In 2005, Michael B. Coleman was the first Democrat to announce in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio. But on November 29,2005, he withdrew from the race, citing family concerns, Coleman later endorsed fellow Democrat Ted Strickland for governor. After Strickland’s victory in November 2006, Coleman was selected as chair for Strickland’s transition team, after winning election in 1999, Coleman was re-elected as mayor of Columbus in 2003,2007 and 2011. Since 2000, under Mayor Coleman, the city of Columbus has spent $54 million less than budgeted, at the same time, he helped boost the citys spending on police and fire services from 63 percent of the city operating budget to 71 percent in 2005. Under Coleman, the city has also cut more than $190 million from continuation budgeting levels since 2000, despite increases in costs for insurance, wages. As of 2013, bonds issued by the city of Columbus received a AAA bond rating from all three major rating services, the highest possible rating. As of June 2007, Coleman was a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, the coalition was then co-chaired by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg
40.
Columbus Museum of Art
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The Columbus Museum of Art is an art museum located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Formed in 1878 as the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, it was the first art museum to register its charter with the state of Ohio and its original building was the Sessions Mansion. It was replaced on the site by the current building. It was designed by Columbus architects Richards, McCarty and Bulford, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19,1992, under its original name. Highlights of its permanent collection include early Cubist paintings by Picasso and Juan Gris, and works by Cézanne, Boucher, Ingres, Degas, Matisse, Monet, Edward Hopper, the Museum also has a substantial collection of paintings by Columbus native George Bellows. Its photography collection includes works by Berenice Abbott and Eugène Atget, most of the Museums galleries are traditionally decorated with walls of various colors, rather than the stark white cubes of contemporary galleries. Temporary and traveling shows are regularly featured. The Museum also features a sculpture gallery, a cafe, and Eye Spy, Adventures in Art. In front of the entrance is a reclining figure by Henry Moore. The museum launched a massive reconstruction and expansion in 2007 and it began a fundraising campaign with a goal of $80 million. Part of the funds would be placed in the endowment with the remainder used for expansion. The plan included constructing a parking garage and increasing the facility too, the first phase opened January 1,2011, after 13-months of construction. The $6.9 million project consisted primarily of renovations to the existing building, the auditorium received new lighting and sound systems and new seating. An 18,000 sq ft Center for Creativity that includes gathering spaces and places for workshops that allow visitors to engage in hands-on activities. The museum is in the stages of the next phase which will be the $30 million expansion that is expected to take three-years to complete. On October 25,2015, the museum and the new Margaret M. Walter wing was opened to the public. Columbus Museum of Art official site Columbus Museum of Art, Art, in May 2005 the Columbus Museum of Art acquired the Philip J. and Suzanne Schiller Collection which chronicles art through social commentary from 1930–1970s. This section of their website provides images, descriptions, artist biographies, Columbus Museum of Art YouTube channel
41.
Capital University
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Capital University is a private accredited liberal arts and research university in Bexley, a suburb of Columbus, Ohio. Capital was founded as the Theological Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio in 1830, and later was associated with that synods successor, the university has undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as a law school. Capital University is the oldest university in Central Ohio and is one of the oldest and largest Lutheran-affiliated universities in North America. According to an impact study, Capital University provides nearly $162 million in earnings, employment. The second ALC lasted until the formation of the current Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988, with offices in Chicago, the university moved to downtown Columbus in 1832, but eventually moved its main campus to the rural periphery of the state capital in the community of Bexley. This rural area has developed into an upscale suburb. Capital Universitys educational mission is based on Lutheran values of inquiry, critical thinking. A current motto used at the school is Ask, lead, a continuing reminder of its educational mission. In May 2004, the university received approval to close Mound Street between College Avenue and Pleasant Ridge Avenue from the city of Bexley, the university in 2006 constructed a pedestrian mall on the closed portion of Mound Street which included parking, improved lighting, benches, and landscaping. The $2.5 million project unified the northern and southern portions of campus, on April 20,2015, University President Denvy A. Bowman announced his intention to retire as president effective July 1,2016, ending his ten-year tenure as president. On February 9,2016, Capital announced Dr. Elizabeth L. Paul as the president elect. She is the 16th president of Capital and is the first woman to hold the position at the university, Dr. Paul comes to Capital after serving as provost at Stetson University in Florida. In the fall of 2016, Capital University and Trinity Lutheran Seminary announced that the two would reunite after 58 years of operating separately, the two operated as one institution from 1830 to 1959. The goal is to have the plan completed by summer of 2017 with implementation to follow over the next two years. Capital is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges, capitals tuition for a full-time undergraduate student is $33,282 for the 2016-2017 academic year. Room and board expenses total about $9,422 per year, the student-faculty ratio at Capital University is 11,1. Capital University has more than 60 majors and 51 minors to choose from, some majors include education, nursing, economics, criminology, athletic training, business, accounting, chemistry and many others. The academic buildings on campus include Battelle Hall, Ruff Learning Center, Troutman Hall, Kerns Religious Life Center, Huber-Spielman Hall, Conservatory of Music, and Renner Hall
42.
Columbus Commons
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Columbus Commons is a 6-acre park and green space in downtown Columbus, Ohio, located on the site of the former Columbus City Center mall. The park features gardens, a stage, carousel, reading room. The project was developed by Columbus Downtown Development Corporation and Capitol South Community Urban Redevelopment Corporation, Columbus City Council approved Capitol South to refinance existing City Center parking garage loans and use funds earmarked for downtown housing to finance the project. CDDC and Capitol South, under the direction of their CEO and President Guy Worley, demolition of City Center began in September 2009 and construction of Columbus Commons park began in mid-2010. The design team was made up of construction manager Corna-Kokosing, architects Moody Nolan, the park opened to the public on Memorial Day weekend 2011. Construction of the Columbus Bicentennial Pavilion was the capital project celebrating Columbus’ bicentennial in 2012. Since its completion, the structure has drawn the central Ohio community to the heart of Downtown for live concerts. The design for Columbus is exclusive, a one-of-a-kind, white tensile fabric canopy structure with a 40-foot by 60-foot stage and state-of-the-art lighting, video, and sound equipment. CDDC began construction on the Columbus Bicentennial Pavilion in fall 2011, the project was funded by a public-private partnership led by the City of Columbus, American Electric Power, and Nationwide Insurance. The Commons is home to a 20-seat carousel with characters hand-carved by Mansfields Carousel Works, characters range from the traditional horses to a fish, a tiger, a giraffe and an OSU-themed cart. The rounding boards that surround the canopy feature locally-inspired murals with scenes of the Ohio Stadium, the cost to ride the carousel is $1. Tortilla Mexican Street Food and Jeni’s Splendid Ice Creams operate in the Commons cafés at the west and east side of the Bosque respectively, the shops are open May through October. An outdoor reading room on the southeast corner of the park features browsing material for children, the reading room has tables and chairs under umbrellas and offers free Wi-Fi from the Columbus Metropolitan Library. The park is lined with twelve 2, 000-square-foot garden plots that are designed and maintained by Franklin Park Conservatory, just as Columbus is a four-season city, the gardens have four-season appeal. With a dynamic mix of perennials, shrubs, ornamental grasses, evergreens and annuals, the park features several other amenities for visitors including Bocce Ball courts and a NEOS electronic playground. During select hours, general recreation such as jump ropes, Frisbees. At these times, the Imagination Playground, which is a compilation of life-size foam shapes, Columbus Commons annually hosts more than 200 events. Capitol South is responsible for programming the park from May to October including concerts, family events, kickball, movies, fitness classes
43.
Columbus City Center
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Columbus City Center was a 1,200, 000-square-foot, three-level shopping center in Columbus, Ohio. It was located in the downtown, near the Ohio State Capitol, next to the Ohio Theatre. The mall had a parking structure attached that, despite the malls closure in 2009, is still used extensively by downtown workers. The parking structure has been joined directly to a recently completed 12 story structure located at 250 S, High St. that features lower level office spaces with residential spaces on the upper floors. Plans are being developed by the City of Columbus to construct another similar 12 story structure at the City Center site at 55 and this building would feature commercial and residential spaces and would be connected to the Rich Street parking structure via an above-street enclosed walkway. Plans are calling for the structure to be completed some time in 2017/18, as of February 2017, ground has been broken at the Rich Street site, and the name of the site is currently Two25 on Columbus Commons. At the time of its opening, City Center was Central Ohios largest and most upscale shopping mall, however, a combination of factors would soon strip it of this status. Columbus City Center was developed by the city as part of the Capitol South development, Lazarus, already open since 1851, was made one of the original anchor stores by connecting it with the mall via an enclosed bridge across High Street. The Lazarus store by City Center was the first Lazarus store ever opened, the other original anchor stores were Marshall Fields and Jacobsons. Taubman Company leased and managed the building until control was taken over by Mills Corporation. Early leasing efforts were substantially enhanced when Limited Brands, a locally-based dominant specialty retailer, in 2003, the Marshall Fields store became a Kaufmanns. It was later rebranded as Macys following the Federated-May merger of 2005, in July 1997, The Mall at Tuttle Crossing opened on the northwest side of Columbus. It is interesting to note that the developers of City Center built Tuttle, the opening of Easton Town Center in June 1999 dramatically changed the outlook on shopping centers in Columbus. Located near the intersection of the I-270 Outerbelt, I-670, and SR-161 on the northeast side of Columbus, the combination of Easton and Tuttle gave nearly all wealthy suburban shoppers throughout Columbus more convenient shopping options. In conjunction to driving significant retail traffic away from downtown, Easton also hastened the downfall of nearby Northland Mall, to make matters worse for City Center, Glimcher Realty Trust opened Polaris Fashion Place in October 2001. With this trifecta of new shopping centers across the northern end of Columbus, tenants fled City Center. In the face of competition from new shopping centers, City Center lost two key anchor tenants over the few years. Jacobsons went bankrupt in 2002 and closed all of its stores, Lazarus, after 153 years of tenancy in downtown Columbus, closed in mid-2004
44.
Greater Columbus Convention Center
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The Greater Columbus Convention Center is a convention center located in downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States, along the east side of North High Street. The convention center was designed by Peter Eisenman, constructed in 1993, property management company SMG oversees day-to-day operations of the 1,700, 000-square-foot facility, including 410,000 square feet of exhibit space, three ballrooms, and 65 meeting rooms. Officials from the Columbus Division of Fire were concerned that part of the building, including the main hall and it was soon determined, however, that the building was not in any danger. Water from the break traveled under the building and surfaced within the facility, once structural engineers inspected the facility and deemed it structurally sound, water removeal and restoration efforts began, which involved 150 people,600 carpet blowers and 75 water extractors. Damage within the facility was aesthetic in nature, requiring primarily the replacement of carpeting, john Deere, Ag & Turf New Product Intro, Attracting four waves of 1,200 of company representatives each, participants watch 28 different company machines be driven across the stage. The Fantasy Draft highlighted the player selections for Team Foligno and Team Toews, affiliated hospitality functions preceded the NHL Skills Competition and NHL All-Star Game at Nationwide Arena—home of the Columbus Blue Jackets—across the street. Thousands of industry professionals from more than 20 countries attend this event that is moving up the ranks of the nation’s Top 200 trade shows. Ohayocon, an anime convention held during January/February in Columbus. Ohayocons name is from the similarity between Ohio, the location, and Ohayou, which in the Japanese language means Good morning. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Birthday Breakfast Celebration, This annual gathering is the largest served breakfast in the honoring the life. Owned and developed by the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, the GCCC embarked on an exterior and interior renovation in 2015 that will be completed in 2017. As part of the expansion nearly 37,000 square feet of space and 10,000 square feet of two-level meeting space will be added. The Grand Ballroom measures 25,000 square feet, while the Terrace Ballroom offers 15,000 square feet of space, the four contiguous exhibit halls encompass 336,000 square feet. Media related to Greater Columbus Convention Center at Wikimedia Commons Official website
45.
Ohio Theatre (Columbus, Ohio)
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The Ohio Theatre is a performing arts center located at 39 E. Known as the Official Theatre of the State of Ohio, the historic 1928 movie palace was saved from demolition in 1969 and it was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977. The Ohio Theatre is owned and operated by the arts management organization CAPA. As of March 2016, William B, conner, Jr. serves as CAPAs president and CEO, as he has done since 2002. Located in Downtown Columbus on the site of the old Columbus City Hall, of all of the theaters he designed, he noted the Ohio as one of his most successful. He intended to separate patrons from their lives by creating a luxurious fantasy atmosphere inside. It was decorated and furnished by New York designer Anne Dornin, dornins favorite was the Africa Corner which she decorated with authentic pieces from her travels. The theatre also featured lavish mens and womens lounge areas including separate smoking, built by the Loews theater chain in partnership with United Artists the 2,779 seat Spanish Baroque movie palace opened on March 17,1928. The first film there was The Divine Woman, a silent film with Greta Garbo. The Ohio featured its own orchestra and Robert-Morton theatre organ, in addition to movies, deluxe variety shows graced the stage, with performers that included Fred Waring, Milton Berle, Ray Bolger, Buddy Ebsen, Ginger Rogers, Conrad Nagel, and Jack Benny. Sound films were introduced at Loews Ohio in August 1928, the great popularity of talking pictures reduced the need for theater chains to offer expensive live entertainment along with the films. Regular stage shows were discontinued in 1933 and the orchestra was disbanded, however organist Roger Garrett continued to perform daily at the Mighty Morton and occasional live appearances by stars including Judy Garland and Jean Harlow were featured on the stage. The theater was the premiere showcase for the films of MGM and other studios. Programs ran for one week with the exception of huge hits like Gone with the Wind. During World War II, movie theaters were busier than ever, War bonds were heavily promoted and sold in the theaters lobby. In 1944, when Roger Garrett was inducted into the army, in the late 1940s when television became popular, movie attendance gradually dropped as audiences lost the weekly moviegoing habit. Attendance further decreased when residents began moving from the city to the suburbs, the decreased profits led to a decreased staff and roped off seating. However the Ohio continued showing premium films until it closed, the James Bond films were especially popular for the theater in the 1960s
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Palace Theatre (Columbus, Ohio)
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The Palace Theatre is a 2, 827-seat restored movie palace located at 34 W. Broad Street in Columbus, Ohio. It was designed and built in 1926 by the American architect Thomas W. Lamb as part of the American Insurance Union Citadel, today the theater functions as a multi-use performing arts venue. It is owned and operated by The Columbus Association for the Performing Arts, the Palace Theaters house is considered separate from LeVeque Tower, while the Marquee and lobby are part of the Leveque complex. The Palace Theatre was designed by Thomas W. Lamb in his signature Adam style, reminiscent of the 18th century neo-classical work of the Scottish architects James, originally named Keith-Albee Theatre, its construction was personally supervised by the vaudeville mogul Edward Albee of the Keith-Albee circuit. The Organ is now located at Thomas Worthington High School as of 1975, the dressing room tower in the backstage area was designed as a small hotel, complete with a “front desk, ” where performers picked up their room keys and mail. Kitchen facilities and a children’s playroom were available, the dressing rooms are named after cities on the vaudeville touring routes. In 1929, the Palace was renamed the RKO Palace, the theater was closed as a movie theater by RKO in 1975. It was later renovated and preserved by owner Katherine LeVeque as a home for Opera Columbus, in 1989, the Palace Theatre was purchased by the non-profit theater management company CAPA, which consolidated its administrative functions with those of the Ohio Theatre. The Palace now hosts performances by the Columbus Symphony Orchestra, the Jazz Arts Group, the Broadway Series, while the insurance company behind the Citadel complex went bankrupt in the early 1930s, their financial mismanagement did not affect the day to day operations of the RKO Palace Theater. The Palaces Wurlitzer organ was removed in the 1960s by the Central Ohio Theatre Organ Society and is now installed at Thomas Worthington High School in Worthington, Ohio
Downtown Columbus, Ohio travel guide from Wikivoyage
