1.
New Haven Green
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The New Haven Green is a 16-acre privately owned park and recreation area located in the downtown district of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It comprises the central square of the settlement plan of the original Puritan colonists in New Haven. Today the Green is bordered by the paved roads of College, Chapel, Church. Temple Street bisects the Green into upper and lower halves, the New Haven Green Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark District for the architectural significance of the three 19th-century churches located there. The Green is a town green and was originally known as the marketplace. The Puritans were said to have designed the green large enough to hold the number of people who believed would be spared in the Second Coming of Christ,144,000. In its early years, the Green held a house, a prison. The upper Green also once held the First Methodist Church, the church was removed from the Green in 1848 with a new church built across Elm Street. The Green also held a succession of statehouses, dating from the time when New Haven was joint capital of Connecticut with Hartford, the most recent state house was erected in 1837, designed by Ithiel Town in a Greek Revival style. Ultimately, Hartford was declared the capital and the building was demolished in 1889. This indirectly led to the burning of most of the city by the British when they landed in New Haven in 1779, however, the remains of the dead were not moved, and thus still remain below the soil of the Green. On the evening of October 29,2012, winds from Hurricane Sandy knocked over an oak tree on the Upper Green, intertwined in the dirt and roots was a human skeleton. The police and medical examiner were called to the scene, the bones likely date back to colonial times, when the Green was used as a cemetery. The Grove Street cemetery that replaced it was chartered in 1797, a small portion of the burial ground is now preserved in The Center Church Crypt. A self-electing group of individuals, the Committee of the Proprietors of Common and Undivided Lands at New Haven. This five-member committee oversees the large, main portion of the green, the proprietors are drawn from the ranks of prominent city residents. Members are appointed for life, and when one dies the four remaining members convene to select a replacement, located on the upper Green are three historic early 19th century churches which reflect the citys theocratic roots. Two of the three churches are the work of the influential early-19th century architects Ithiel Town and Asher Benjamin, because of this architectural legacy, the green was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1970
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Connecticut
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Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area and it is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U. S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Connecticuts center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticuts first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Landmarks and Cities of Connecticut Connecticut is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New York, on the north by Massachusetts, and on the east by Rhode Island. The state capital and third largest city is Hartford, and other cities and towns include Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, Danbury, New Britain, Greenwich. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront
5.
New Haven, Connecticut
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New Haven, in the U. S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut, with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census, according to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741. New Haven was founded in 1638 by English Puritans, and a year later eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, the central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre square, and the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark and the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark, New Haven is the home of Yale University. The university is an part of the citys economy, being New Havens biggest taxpayer and employer. Health care, professional services, financial services, and retail trade also help to form a base for the city. The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, New Haven has since billed itself as the Cultural Capital of Connecticut for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven is also the birthplace of George W. Bush, New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees that gave New Haven the nickname The Elm City. The area was visited by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614. Dutch traders set up a trading system of beaver pelts with the local inhabitants, but trade was sporadic. In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area, the Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection. By 1640, the theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place. However, the north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, at the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. Economic disaster struck the colony in 1646, however, when the town sent its first fully loaded ship of goods back to England. This ship never reached the Old World, and its disappearance stymied New Havens development in the face of the rising power of Boston. In 1660, founder John Davenports wishes were fulfilled, and Hopkins School was founded in New Haven with money from the estate of Edward Hopkins, in 1661, the judges who had signed the death warrant of Charles I of England were pursued by Charles II
6.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
7.
Wooster Square
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Wooster Square is a neighborhood in the city of New Haven, Connecticut to the east of downtown. The name refers to a square located between Greene Street, Wooster Place, Chapel Street and Academy Street in the center of the neighborhood. The square and much of the neighborhood are included in the Wooster Square Historic District, the Wooster Square neighborhood consists of the area between the Amtrak railroad tracks and Interstate 91, bounded on the south by the Oak Street Connector. It is bordered on the west by Downtown New Haven, on the south by Long Wharf, on the east by the neighborhood of Mill River, Wooster Square takes its name from Revolutionary War General David Wooster, who had a warehouse near Water Street. In 1825 the land was purchased by the city of New Haven, at that time, the area was close to the citys waterfront, and by the 1840s it had become a residential area where ship captains and wholesale grocers built large houses near the port. As a result, Wooster Square now includes a collection of distinctive 19th-century residential architecture. Included are examples of the Federal, Greek Revival, Islamic Revival, and Italian Villa styles, Late Victorian Italianate row houses and this commercial activity damaged the neighborhoods reputation, and the area was targeted for demolition and redevelopment as early as the 1930s. Wooster Square is home to restaurants and bakeries known for their pizza and Italian pastries, local businesses, and its walkable proximity to Downtown New Haven, its architecture, and its neighborhood feel, make it one of the most sought-after New Haven neighborhoods in which to live. It also has an art scene. A sycamore tree on the west side of Wooster Square Park has been said by observers to resemble an outline image of Jesus Christ
8.
Long Wharf (New Haven)
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Long Wharf is a waterfront district and neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut, United States. It is located south of downtown New Haven and the Wooster Square neighborhood. Interstate 95 bisects the neighborhood from the southwest to northeast, it intersects with Interstate 91 in the extreme northeast section of the neighborhood, the Oak Street Connector/Route 34 also connects with Interstate 95 in the selfsame section. Along it stood the Customs House, warehouses and other businesses and it was destroyed in the late 1940s-early 1950s when the harbor was partially filled in to construct Interstate Highways 91 and 95, dramatically moving the waterfront and creating this district. Long Wharf is also the port of a replica of the historical Amistad. The area also includes the portion of Marcel Breuers landmark Armstrong Rubber/Pirelli Tire Building. The building was truncated in 2003 to accommodate the construction of the new IKEA home products store, IKEA originally proposed to destroy the entire building but compromised after a lengthy public debate. The tower was preserved but the portion was razed to make room for the IKEA parking lot. Ironically, IKEAs furniture styling is strongly influenced by the famed Bauhaus school where Breuer taught, the neighborhood is primarily a mixed-use district, with a combination of commercial, educational, industrial, port, and recreation facilities taking up the majority of the neighborhoods land space. It was once hoped that a shopping mall, the New Haven Galleria, would be constructed in Long Wharf. Road construction has been encouraged to reconnect this neighborhood directly with downtown, the Church Street Bridge was built for this purpose and opened in December 2003. It provided a new link from downtown to Long Wharf for vehicles, pedestrians, constructing the bridge was difficult due to its placement over a broad active rail yard. This mega-crane with a 2600-ton capacity was delivered in over 200 tractor-trailer loads, Long Wharf Drive has attracted drag racers from all over the state. On August 17,2008, Misael Ruiz, of East Haven, was killed by a car that lost control. Town officials are now making decisions on how to prevent racing on the strip
9.
The Hill, New Haven
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The Hill is the southwestern-most neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. As early as 1800, this area was known as Sodom Hill, located directly south of Downtown New Haven, the neighborhood is now home to New Haven Union Station as well as Yale-New Haven Hospital and the Yale School of Medicine. Originally a distinct suburb of New Haven, The Hill began its development in the early 1800s. The sub-neighborhood south of Columbus Ave now known as Trowbridge Square was established in the 1830s by brothers Nathaniel, known at first as the village of Spireworth, this enclave was founded as a rare example of a racially integrated planned community. In the middle of the waves of Irish and German immigrants began pouring into the neighborhood. African-Americans migrated from the American South, and this also served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. In 2013 New Haven began work to downgrade the Oak Street Connector into city streets in an effort to reconnect The Hill to Downtown New Haven. The Hill is bounded by the Route 34/Oak Street Connector and Legion Ave. at the north, the Long Wharf neighborhood at the east, the city of West Haven at the west, and Long Island Sound at the south. The southeastern part of the neighborhood is divided into three sections, Kimberly Square, Trowbridge Square, and City Point. This area south of Columbus Avenue originally was known as the Oyster Point Quarter, the Trowbridge Square section and the southern half of the City Point section are listed as historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places. City Point, which is located south of the tracks, was traditionally a separate neighborhood. The block formed by Redfield, West, Congress, and Columbus is also a historic district known as Redfield & West Streets Historic District. Columbus Avenue, Washington Avenue, and Howard Avenue are the three main arteries of the Hill, between Washington Avenue and I-95, the area immediately fronting Howard Avenue has been designated as a historic district, the Howard Avenue Historic District. The Hill neighborhood contains the majority of buildings of Yale-New Haven Hospital, the expansion of this Medical campus area is a continual source of tension with the bordering residential areas. The residential areas of the Hill are mostly working-class and minority neighborhoods, crime and poverty remain problems, the Hill is also home to New Havens railroad station, Union Station, and some light-industrial businesses such as the Lupi-Legna Bakery. Public schools and libraries include, Roberto Clemente Leadership Academy and the Wilson Library, the ZIP code for the neighborhood is 06519
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Prospect Hill, New Haven
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Prospect Hill is a neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut located in the north central portion of the city, directly north of Downtown New Haven. Prospect Street is the main thoroughfare through the neighborhood, the Prospect Hill Historic District is a 185-acre historic district that is significant primarily for its architecture. It encompasses most of the portion of the Prospect Hill neighborhood. The historic district includes major collections of Queen Anne architecture, Shingle Style architecture, Colonial Revival architecture, numerous other styles are also represented. 1910, former home of Yale University president A, the residential part of the neighborhood roughly corresponds to census tract 1418. Census tract 1418 excludes the portion officially within Yale University, as of the 2000 census, the total population of census track 1418 was 4,052. Of the population,43. 02% identified as White,32. 33% as Black,0. 20% as Native American,19. 55% as Asian,0. 10% as Pacific Islander,2. 07% as some other race, and 2. 74% as two or more races. Of the total population of any race,4. 94% identified as being Hispanic or Latino, Prospect Hill Historic District, New Haven Preservation Trust website
11.
East Rock, New Haven
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East Rock is a neighborhood in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, named for nearby East Rock, a prominent trap rock ridge. The area is home to a group of Yale students, staff. It is known as the ghetto, because it is a popular apartment rental location for graduate. East Rock is also a destination for cyclists, as a city bike lane runs along Orange Street. The current East Rock neighborhood remained unsettled farmland into the 1800s, when its largest landowner was Abraham Bishop, the southernmost streets were developed first, between the late 1830s and 1860, as these were nearest to the industrializing city center. Following Bishops death in 1844, the rest of the neighborhood was subdivided and developed. Sub-neighborhoods developed as New Haven continued to industrialize and grow, with immigrants arriving to take available jobs. An Irish community developed in Goatville and a Polish population formed around St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church, a commercial district developed on Upper State Street. By 1900 most of the land was developed. The final blocks, near East Rock Park, were developed in the first decades of the 1900s, throughout its history East Rock has contained residences of faculty and alumni from neighboring Yale University. As the university has grown, the East Rock neighborhood has increasingly housed the universitys graduate students, during the late 20th century a series of businesses were developed on primarily residential Orange St, including markets and coffee shops. During the 2010s a large-scale addition of 238 apartments was constructed on the Corsair site, the northeast corner of the area, separated from the main neighborhood by the Mill River and the East Rock hill, is part of the community known as Cedar Hill. The neighborhood is divided between New Havens ninth and tenth aldermanic wards, before redistricting, it lay in the fifteenth ward, the area was the subject of William Lee Millers book The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society. The western half of the neighborhood is within the Whitney Avenue Historic District, the southerly parts of the neighborhood are also listed as historic districts, Upper State Street Historic District along State Street, and Orange Street Historic District along Orange Street. The northern portion of the neighborhood is occupied by part of East Rock Park, East Rock Park New Haven Lawn Club Wilbur Cross High School Worthington Hooker School Cedar Hill neighborhood St. Johns Episcopal Church St
12.
Anchor (New Haven bar)
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The Anchor was a popular bar and restaurant located at 272 College Street in downtown New Haven that operated from the 1930s until 2015. The establishment was popular with students and faculty of neighboring Yale University and it was a favorite of playwright Thornton Wilder and also catered to such celebrities as Lucille Ball, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and George C. Scott. It is known for its preserved Art Moderne facade and interior, in 2014, the bars last full year, Esquire magazine ranked the Anchor among the nations top 25 bars. The Anchor bar, named for Anchor Beach in the town of Milford, Connecticut. During the 1940s the business was moved to its College Street location and it was owned continuously by the Moore family from 1963 until closing. As of 2016 The Anchor is owned by Karl Franz Williams, the ANCHOR is still owned by the Moore family. Karl Franz does not own any interest in the Anchor nor did he purchase any rights, the registered name, real, and intellectual property is still retained by the Moore family. The Anchor Spa is also a dba of the Moores legal holding and is subject to copyright infringement. The Anchor closed abruptly on the night of January 4,2015, the landlord, Yale University, shut down the establishment after new management repeatedly failed to make rent. Controversy ensued, with a petition gaining over 1000 signatures and New Havens government stepping in to preserve the mid-century interior, the Anchor was reopened 18 months later under its original name Anchor Spa, which dated back to the 1940s. Anchor Spa now serves a menu of craft mixed drinks inspired from ports around the globe
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Streamline Moderne
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Streamline Moderne, or Art Moderne, is a late type of the Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Its architectural style emphasized curving forms, long lines. The first streamline buildings evolved from the work of New Objectivity artists, a movement connected to the German Werkbund, as the Great Depression of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of Art Deco—i. e. Cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing also may be influenced by constructivism, as a result, an array of designers quickly ultra-modernized and streamlined the designs of everyday objects. Manufacturers of clocks, radios, telephones, cars, furniture, the style was the first to incorporate electric light into architectural structure. In the first-class dining room of the SS Normandie, fitted out 1933–35, twelve pillars of Lalique glass. The Streamline Moderne was both a reaction to Art Deco and a reflection of austere economic times, Sharp angles were replaced with simple, exotic woods and stone were replaced with cement and glass. Art Deco and Streamline Moderne were not necessarily opposites, the Sterling Streamliner Diners were diners designed like streamlined trains. Although Streamline Moderne houses are less common than streamline commercial buildings, the Lydecker House in Los Angeles, built by Howard Lydecker, is an example of Streamline Moderne design in residential architecture. In tract development, elements of the style were used as a variation in postwar row housing in San Franciscos Sunset District. The style was applied to such as electric clocks, sewing machines, small radio receivers. Their manufacturing processes exploited developments in science including aluminium and bakelite. Compared to Europe, the United States in the 1930s had a focus on design as a means to increase sales of consumer products. Streamlining was associated with prosperity and an exciting future and this hope resonated with the American middle class, the major market for consumer products. A wide range of goods from refrigerators to pencil sharpeners was produced in streamlined designs, streamlining became a widespread design practice for automobiles, railroad cars, buses, and other vehicles in the 1930s. Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items. Streamlining and functionalism represent two different schools in modernistic industrial design, but both reflecting the intended consumer
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Thornton Wilder
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Thornton Niven Wilder was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes—for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the two plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth — and a U. S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day. Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Amos Parker Wilder, an editor and U. S. diplomat. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China and his older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, was Hollis Professor of Divinity at the Harvard Divinity School, a noted poet, and instrumental in developing the field of theopoetics. His sister, Isabel, was an accomplished writer, both of his other sisters, Charlotte Wilder, a poet, and Janet Wilder Dakin, a zoologist, attended Mount Holyoke College. Wilder began writing plays while at The Thacher School in Ojai, California, according to a classmate, We left him alone, just left him alone. And he would retire at the library, his hideaway, learning to distance himself from humiliation and his family lived for a time in China, where his sister Janet was born in 1910. He attended the English China Inland Mission Chefoo School at Yantai but returned with his mother, Thornton also attended Creekside Middle School in Berkeley, and graduated from Berkeley High School in 1915. He earned his Master of Arts degree in French literature from Princeton University in 1926, after graduating, Wilder studied in archaeology and Italian in Rome, Italy, and then taught French at the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey beginning in 1921. His first novel, The Cabala, was published in 1926, in 1927, The Bridge of San Luis Rey brought him commercial success, and his first Pulitzer Prize. He resigned from the Lawrenceville School in 1928, from 1930 to 1937 he taught at the University of Chicago, during which time he published his translation of André Obeys own adaptation of the tale, Le Viol de Lucrece under the title Lucrece. In 1938 he won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Our Town, world War II saw him rise to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army Air Force Intelligence, first in Africa, then in Italy until 1945. He received several awards for his military service and he went on to be a visiting professor at Harvard University, where he served for a year as the Charles Eliot Norton professor. In 1968 he won the National Book Award for his novel The Eighth Day, also, Alfred Hitchcock, whom he admired, asked him to write the screenplay to his thriller, Shadow of a Doubt. He completed the first draft of the screenplay for Hitchcock, the Bridge of San Luis Rey tells the story of several unrelated people who happen to be on a bridge in Peru when it collapses, killing them. Philosophically, the book explores the question of why unfortunate events occur to people who seem innocent or undeserving. It won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and in 1998 it was selected by the board of the American Modern Library as one of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century. The book was quoted by British Prime Minister Tony Blair during the service for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001
15.
Chapel Street Historic District
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The Chapel Street Historic District is a 23-acre historic district in the Downtown New Haven area of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and it is bordered on the north by the New Haven Green and the Yale University campus. The western edge borders the Dwight Street Historic District, the eastern and southern edges of the district abut areas of more modern development. In 1984 the district included, over a 5 and a half block area,102 buildings, the predominantly brick structures represent a wide range of architectural styles. Maps show that the area was residential in the eighteenth century, commercial development began to take over at that time, though residential properties remained well represented. The oldest building in the district is the Ira Atwater House, most of the buildings now in the district were built in the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries. National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven, Connecticut Chapel Street District
16.
Yale University Art Gallery
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The Yale University Art Gallery houses a significant and encyclopedic collection of art in several buildings on the campus of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Although it embraces all cultures and periods, the gallery emphasizes early Italian painting, African sculpture, the Yale University Art Gallery is the oldest university art museum in the western hemisphere. The gallery was founded in 1832, when patriot-artist, John Trumbull, donated more than 100 paintings of the American Revolution to Yale College and this building, on the universitys Old Campus, was razed in 1901. The gallerys main building was built in 1953, and was among the first designed by Louis Kahn, a complete renovation, which returned many spaces to Kahns original vision, was completed in December 2006, by Polshek Partnership Architects. The older Tuscan romanesque portion was built in 1928, and was designed by Egerton Swartwout, the Gallery reopened on December 12,2012, after a 14-year renovation and expansion project at a cost of $135 million. The expanded space totals 69,975 sq ft, the museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program. On the second floor was a valuable collection of paintings by John Trumbull. Among them were his paintings of the Battle of Bunker Hill, Death of Montgomery before Quebec, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, Declaration of Independence. Trumbull gave the paintings to Yale in consideration of an annuity of $1,000 and subject to the condition that he, the Gallery’s encyclopedic collections number more than 185,000 objects ranging in date from ancient times to the present day. The permanent collection includes, African Art, over 1000 objects in wood, metal, ivory, American Decorative Arts, about 18,000 objects in silver, glass, wood, porcelain, and textile with an emphasis on the colonial and early federal periods. Ancient Art, over 13,000 objects from the Near East, Egypt, Greece, Etruria, Art of the Ancient Americas, Mayan and Olmec figurines, vessels and sculptures. Prints, Drawings, and Photographs In 2005, the announced that it had acquired 1,465 gelatin silver prints by the influential American landscape photographer. In 2009, the museum mounted an exhibition of its collection of Picasso paintings and drawings. For the first time, portions of the Yale University Librarys, as an affiliate of Yale University, the gallery maintains a robust roster of education programs for university students, New Haven schools, and the general public. One such program is the Gallery Guide program, founded in 1998, the Yale Art Gallery charges no admission
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Yale Center for British Art
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The Yale Center for British Art at Yale University in downtown New Haven, Connecticut, houses the largest and most comprehensive collection of British art outside the United Kingdom. The collection of paintings, sculpture, drawings, prints, rare books, the Yale Center for British Art was completed after Kahns death in 1974, and opened to the public on April 15,1977. The exterior is made of steel and reflective glass, the interior is made of travertine marble, white oak. Kahn succeeded in creating intimate galleries where one can view objects in diffused natural light and he wanted to allow in as much daylight as possible, with artificial illumination used only on dark days or in the evening. The building’s design, materials, and sky-lit rooms combine to provide an environment for the works of art that is simple and dignified. The collection consists of nearly 2,000 paintings and 200 sculptures, the collection also has works by artists from Europe and North America who lived and worked in Britain. These include Hans Holbein, Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Canaletto, Johann Zoffany, John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and James McNeill Whistler. Other genres include marine paintings, represented by Samuel Scott and Charles Brooking, London cityscapes, travel art from India, scenes of Shakespearean plays, sculptors represented include Louis-Francois Roubiliac, Joseph Nollekens, Francis Chantrey, Jacob Epstein, and Henry Moore. The collection of 20,000 drawings and watercolors and 31,000 prints features British sporting art, the Centers collection of rare books and manuscripts comprises 35,000 volumes, including maps, atlases, sporting books, and archival material of British artists. It also has some 1,300 leaves originating in illustrated incunabula, the collection also includes a complete set of William Morris’s Kelmscott Press publications as well as a growing collection of contemporary artists’ books. The Center’s collection also contains a significant number of early maps, the four-floor Center offers a year-round schedule of exhibitions and educational programs, including films, concerts, lectures, tours, symposia, and family programs. It also provides opportunities for scholarly research, including residential fellowships. Academic resources of the Center include the library and photo archive, conservation laboratories. The Center is open to the free of charge six days a week. The Yale Center for British Art at Great Buildings and at Architecture Week Official website
18.
Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop
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The Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop, also known as The Doodle, was a diner in New Haven, Connecticut that catered to the Yale University community for 58 years before closing on January 28,2008. The narrow restaurant, with only 12 stools arranged opposite a counter that ran the length of shop, was a favorite among students, faculty, bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Henry Winkler are said to have been regulars during their times at Yale. The Doodle was known for its cheap but excellent food, especially the fried donut—an old fashioned donut cut down the middle, buttered, fried on the grill, and then re-buttered before serving. Other unique items popular with students included, the Bacon Egg and Cheese No Break, The Doodle Dandy, and a variety of grilled muffins. Lew Beckwith Sr. opened the Doodle on the corner of Elm and York Streets on April 15,1950, selling hamburgers for 20¢ each, cheeseburgers for 25¢, breakfast of two eggs, toast, juice, and coffee cost just 50¢. As the shop had no space for a deep fryer, French fries were not on the menu, the restaurant was named after the tune Lews father had sung to him as a boy. Other than the prices, the menu and the diner itself changed little in the intervening years and it closed with its original cash register still in use, and there was still a cigarette machine in the corner. It hadnt actually been stocked in years, but it was installed on November 22,1963, ownership of the Doodle passed from Lew Beckwith to his son, Lew Beckwith Jr. and finally to grandson Rick Beckwith in 2000. In 2008, citing economic considerations, Beckwith decided to close the Doodle, the New York Times quoted alumnus Jonathan Zittrain, a professor at Oxford University, as saying, It’s one of the few dynastic successions that I had hoped would never end. Soon after the news got out, alumni and students began a movement to reopen the business, a group of alumni began soliciting donations online through Facebook groups, and owner Rick Beckwith solicited donations via a website, which offered various Doodle-branded merchandise for sale. The restaurant has remained closed since January 2008, but the Doodle website has continued to advertise Doodle-related merchandise for sale, the Doodle Challenge was an eating contest to see how many burgers could be eaten in 2.5 hours. The Challenge was not an event, rather, a person might walk into the Doodle at any time. If a new record was set, the burgers were free, the Challenge started in 1989 when Ed Anderson, a Yale University undergraduate, ate 10 burgers. The last Yale student to hold the record was John Bockstoce with 26 burgers, as of July 2006, the title was held by Tim Eater X Janus, an internationally ranked competitive eater, who ate 34 burgers on May 25,2006. Yankee Doodle’s Done, Melissa Bailey, New Haven Independent, January 29,2008, after 57 years, the Doodle closes, Bharat Ayyar, Yale Daily News, January 30,2008. Screw Darfur-Save the Doodle, Alexis Fitts, New Haven Advocate, youtube video, Fife and drum corp playing Yankee Doodle Dandy in front of the Doodle. In New Haven, A Dandy Rescue, ADRIAN BRUNE, Hartford Courant, March 19,2008
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Ninth Square Historic District
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The Ninth Square Historic District in New Haven, Connecticut is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is located in the southeast section of Downtown New Haven and is a mixed use area and is part of the Town Green Special Services taxing district, in 1984, it included 78 buildings, of which 72 were contributing buildings. The district is bounded by Church, Court, State, and Crown Streets, the buildings in the district are mostly late-19th and early 20th commercial buildings. The Ninth Square has been at the center of New Havens cultural renaissance, densification, to follow is a list of businesses and organizations operating in the Ninth Square Historic District. com -Ovote
20.
East Asia
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East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Taiwan, Mongolia, Korea and Japan, it covers about 12,000,000 km2, or about 28% of the Asian continent, the East Asian people comprise more than 1.5 billion people. About 38% of the population of Asia and 22%, or over one fifth, the overall population density of the region is 133 inhabitants per square kilometre, about three times the world average of 45/km2. Historically, societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese cultural sphere, major religions include Buddhism, Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion in China and Taiwan, Shinto in Japan, Korean shamanism in Korea. Shamanism is also prevalent among Mongolians and other populations of northern East Asia. The Chinese calendar is the root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived, Chinese Dynasties dominated the region in matters of culture, trade, and exploration as well as militarily for a very long time. There are records of tributes sent overseas from the kingdoms of Korea. There were also considerable levels of cultural and religious exchange between the Chinese and other regional Dynasties and Kingdoms, as connections began to strengthen with the Western world, Chinas power began to diminish. Around the same time, Japan solidified itself as a nation state, throughout World War II, Korea, Taiwan, much of eastern China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam all fell under Japanese control. Culturally, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam are commonly seen as being encompassed by cultural East Asia, there are mixed debates around the world whether these countries or regions should be considered in East Asia or not. Vietnam Siberia in Russia Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea, however, in this context, the term Far East is often more appropriate which covers ASEAN countries and the countries in East Asia. However, being a Eurocentric term, Far East describes the geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term Asia Pacific Region is often used in describing East Asia and this usage, which is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical meanings of both East Asia and Northeast Asia. The Council on Foreign Relations defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea, the military and economic superpower of China became the largest economy in the world in 2014, surpassing the United States of America. Currently in East Asia, trading systems are open, and zero or low duties on imports of consumer and capital goods etc. have considerably helped stimulate cost-efficiency. Free and flexible labor and other markets are important factors making for high levels of business-economic performance. East Asian populations have demonstrated highly positive work ethics, there are relatively large and fast-growing markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds. The culture of East Asia has been influenced by the civilisation of China, East Asia, as well as Vietnam, share a Confucian ethical philosophy, Buddhism, political and legal structures, and historically a common writing system
21.
Chinese New Year
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Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival in modern Mainland China, is an important Chinese festival celebrated at the turn of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar. Celebrations traditionally run from the preceding the first day, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first calendar month. The first day of the New Year falls on the new moon between 21 January and 20 February, in 2017, the first day of the Chinese New Year was on Saturday,28 January, initiating the year of the Rooster. The New Year festival is centuries old and gains significance because of several myths, traditionally, the festival was a time to honor deities as well as ancestors. Chinese New Year is considered a holiday for the Chinese and has had influence on the lunar new year celebrations of its geographic neighbors. Within China, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely, often, the evening preceding Chinese New Years Day is an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to clean the house, in order to sweep away any ill-fortune. Windows and doors are decorated with red color paper-cuts and couplets with popular themes of fortune or happiness, wealth. Other activities include lighting firecrackers and giving money in red paper envelopes, in about one third of the Mainland population, or 500 million Northerners, dumplings feature prominently in the meals celebrating the festival. It is one of the worlds most prominent and celebrated festivals, the lunisolar Chinese calendar determines the date of Chinese New Year. In the Gregorian calendar, Chinese Lunar New Year begins at the new moon that falls between 21 January and 20 February, the median date of Chinese New Years Day is lichun on 4 or 5 February, the solar term next to Dahan. In the Chinese calendar, winter solstice must occur in the 11th month, to determine whether a year has an intercalary month, one only needs to check whether Chinese New Year is within the month of January. The Gregorian Calendar dates for Chinese New Year from 1912 to 2101 are below, along with the years presiding animal zodiac, the traditional Chinese calendar follows a Metonic cycle, and returns to the same date in Gregorian calendar roughly. The names of the Earthly Branches have no English counterparts and are not the Chinese translations of the animals, alongside the 12-year cycle of the animal zodiac there is a 10-year cycle of heavenly stems. Each of the ten heavenly stems is associated with one of the five elements of Chinese astrology, namely, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, the elements are rotated every two years while a yin and yang association alternates every year. The elements are distinguished, Yang Wood, Yin Wood, Yang Fire, Yin Fire. These produce a cycle that repeats every 60 years. For example, the year of the Yang Fire Rat occurred in 1936, many people inaccurately calculate their Chinese birth-year by converting it from their Gregorian birth-year
22.
Grove Street Cemetery
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Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground in New Haven, Connecticut, is located adjacent to the Yale University campus. It was organized in 1796 as the New Haven Burying Ground and this was a real turning point. A whole redefinition of how people viewed death and dying, according to historian Peter Dobkin Hall, with ideas like permanent memorials. In part for this reason, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000, for the first 160 years of permanent settlement, New Haven residents buried their dead on the New Haven Green, the towns central open space and churchyard. In 1794–95, a yellow fever swept the town. In 1796, thirty-two families purchased a tract just north of Grove Street, the tract was enclosed by a wooden fence, at first consisting of 6 acres, the cemetery was quickly subscribed and thereafter expanded to nearly 18 acres. Gravestones from the New Haven Green were moved to the new cemetery for preservation in 1821 and are displayed against the walls of the cemetery. Completed in 1845, the entrance on Grove Street is a brownstone Egyptian Revival gateway, designed by New Haven architects Henry Austin and Hezekiah Augur, the style, popular in New England in that era, was chosen to reinforce the antiquity of the site. The lintel of the gateway is inscribed The Dead Shall Be Raised, the quotation is taken from 1 Corinthians 15.52, For the trumpet will sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed. Supposedly, Yale President Arthur Twining Hadley said of the inscription, They certainly will be, in 1848–49, the perimeter of the cemetery was surrounded on three sides by an 8-foot stone wall. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 and it was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Secretary of the Interior in 2000, citing its history and the architectural significance of its gateway. In 2008, Yale announced plans to construct two new colleges to the immediate north of the cemetery. The proposal, withdrawn following a meeting, included architectural. Grove Street Cemetery is managed by Camco Cemetery Management, James Rowland Angell —President of Yale University Kanichi Asakawa —historian. Jehudi Ashmun —religious leader, and social reformer, agent of the African Colonization Society Hezekiah Augur —wood carver, Henry Austin —architect, designed the gate of the cemetery, Yales College Library, and several mansions on Hillhouse Avenue. James Bishop —was Secretary, Lieutenant Governor and Deputy Governor of New Haven Jurisdiction, eli Whitney Blake —manufacturer and inventor of the stone crusher. His brother, Philos, invented the corkscrew, Edward Gaylord Bourne —historian and educator. Leader in the American Historical Association, captain, commander of the artillery defending New Haven, July 5,1779 William H. Brewer —scientist
23.
Harkness Tower
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Harkness Tower is a masonry tower at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Part of the Collegiate Gothic Memorial Quadrangle complex completed in 1922, it is named for Charles William Harkness, brother of Yales largest benefactor, when the residential college system was inaugurated in 1933, the tower became part of Branford College. It was designed by James Gamble Rogers, a Yale College classmate of Anna Harknesss other son, James S. Hedden was the contractors supervisor for the project and took many photographs of the constructions progress. The tower underwent renovations from September 2009 to May 2010 to repair its masonry, Harkness Tower was the first couronne tower in English Perpendicular Gothic style built in the modern era. The 15th-century Boston Stump is the tallest parish church tower in England, Rogers also based some details on the 16th-century tower of St Giles church in Wrexham, Wales, where Elihu Yale is buried. In turn, Harkness Tower has been identified as the influence for the tower of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Hamilton. The towers image was adopted by the Yale Herald, a student newspaper. Harkness Tower is 216 feet tall, one foot for each year since Yales founding at the time it was built, from a square base, it rises in stages to a double stone crown on an octagonal base, and at the top are stone finials. From the street level to the roof, there are 284 steps, midway to the top, four openwork copper clockfaces tell the hours. The bells of the carillon are behind the clockfaces, fixed to a made of steel I-beams. The playing console of the carillon is at the level of the balconies immediately below the clock faces. Lower levels of the house a water tank, two practice carillons, the old chimes playing console, office space for the Yale University Guild of Carillonneurs. The tower was built of stone blocks, and reinforced with steel in 1966 to handle the new bells in the carillon. In reality, the Washington Monument was the countrys tallest such structure long before Harkness Tower was built, the towerss decorative elements were sculpted by Lee Lawrie. The lowest level of sculpture depicts Yales Eight Worthies, Elihu Yale, Jonathan Edwards, Nathan Hale, Noah Webster, James Fenimore Cooper, the second level of sculpture depicts Phidias, Homer, Aristotle, and Euclid. The gargoyles on the top level depict Yales students at war and in study, along with masks of Homer, Virgil, Dante, the tower contains the Yale Memorial Carillon, a 54-bell carillon. It is an instrument, the C bell sounds a concert B. Ten bells were installed in 1922 and 44 added in 1966, the instrument is played by members of a student-run group set up for the purpose, the Yale Guild of Carillonneurs, and selected guest carillonneurs
24.
Louis' Lunch
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Louis Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, advertises itself as the first restaurant to serve hamburgers and as being the oldest hamburger restaurant still operating in the U. S. Opened as a lunch wagon in 1895, Louis Lunch was also one of the first places in the U. S. to serve steak sandwiches. According to Louis Lunch, the hamburger was created in 1900 in response to a customers hurried request for a lunch to go, in 1917, Louis moved the business into a square-shaped little brick building that had once been a tannery. In 1975, the restaurant was moved four blocks down to 263 Crown Street, hamburgers cooked in the restaurant are made on antique vertical cast iron gas stoves from 1898 and the toast made in an antique toaster from 1928. The hamburgers are a blend of five cuts of steak. Toppings include cheese, tomato or onion, but the restaurant does not offer other condiments, Louis Lassens restaurant is recognized in the Library of Congress as the origin of the hamburger, but other claimants and detractors exist. The restaurant has been rated by Travel Channels Chowdown Countdown and others. Louis Lassen was a blacksmith by trade and preacher by vocation and he became a food peddler, selling butter and eggs from a wooden cart. Lassen purchased a home at 45 Elliot Street and stored his cart in a shed in the backyard, in 1895, Lassen began adding lunch items to his cart. According to the 1899 New Haven directory, Lassen was a butter dealer, according to family legend, one day in 1900 a local businessman dashed into the small New Haven lunch wagon and pleaded for a lunch to go. According to the Lassen family, the customer, Gary Widmore, im in a rush, slap a meatpuck between two planks and step on it. In 1917, Lassen moved into a little brick building that had once been a tannery. Forced to move to make way for development in 1975, Louis Lunch moved two blocks down, to its present location,263 Crown Street in New Haven, CT, in the 1970s, Ken Lassen added cheese spread to the hamburger. The fifth generation of Lassens owns and operates Louis Lunch today, the Louis Lunch menu consists of The Original Burger, potato salad, potato chips, and homemade pie. The restaurant serves Pepsi and Diet Pepsi, Snapple products, Fiji water, Louis Lunch makes their hamburger sandwiches from ground steak made from a blend of five cuts of beef. The hamburgers are then flame broiled vertically, the hamburgers are prepared with cheese, tomato or onion, then served on two square pieces of toasted white bread. Louis Lunch flame broils the hamburgers in the original vertical cast iron gas stoves manufactured by the Bridge and Beach, the stoves use hinged steel wire gridirons to hold the hamburgers in place while they cook simultaneously on both sides. The gridirons were made by Luigi Pieragostini and patented in 1938, a sharp cheese spread is used, as opposed to sliced cheese
25.
New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse
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The New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse is located at 161 Church Street in the Downtown section of New Haven, Connecticut. The city hall building, designed by Henry Austin, was built in 1861 and they stand on the east side of the New Haven Green. The pair of buildings was listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and they are significant early examples of High Victorian Gothic architecture in the United States. The city hall buildings most striking feature used to be a tower that rose above. It is shown in historic drawing among the accompanying photographs, in January 2012, a PureCell Model 400 was dropped into place behind City Hall in the Millennium Plaza. The heat produced by the cell will be used to heat and cool City Hall. It will supply 60 percent of the heating needs, and 30 percent of cooling needs. According to Giovanni Zinn of the city’s Office of Sustainability, the PureCell can help the city save up to $1 million in costs over the next ten years. National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven, Connecticut
26.
New Haven County Courthouse
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The New Haven County Courthouse is located at 121 Elm Street in the Downtown section of New Haven, Connecticut. The building was built in 1917 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 16,2003 and it faces onto the New Haven Green. Specifically it is located on the northwest corner of Elm and Church Streets, facing the northeast corner of the green and it contains several of the citys grandest interior spaces. The courthouse was designed by William H. Allen and Richard Williams and their Beaux Arts architecture design won a design competition over submissions from several well-known architects. Significant court cases tried at the courthouse include Griswold v. Connecticut, the building was under threat of demolition in 1956. The buildings exterior underwent a $10.5 million renovation project, the sculpture in the courthouses front was executed by J. Massey Rhind. The figures in Rhinds tympanum are Justice, Victory, Precedence, Accuracy, Common Law, Statutory Law, Progress, unobtrusive netting is installed across the tympanum to prevent hawks from nesting there, as the birds have done in the past. National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven, Connecticut Historic postcards depicting the New Haven County Courthouse
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New Haven Free Public Library
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The New Haven Free Public Library is the public library system serving New Haven, Connecticut. The system began in 1887 in a location but quickly outgrew its space. The Ives Memorial Library is the branch of the system and is located on the New Haven Green. The neo-Georgian building was designed by Cass Gilbert and finished in 1911 and this building was renovated and expanded in 1990. Murals in the main library originated as Public Works Administration projects, two lunettes in the main hall, designed by Bancel LaFarge of Mt. Carmel, Connecticut, depict scenes from New Havens history. The Rip Van Winkle murals in the room were painted in 1934 by a team of artists led by Salvatore DiNaio. There are also branches in Westville, Fair Haven, Dixwell. The Wilson branch features an art installation by Leila Daw depicting patterns of immigration, in April 2012, the library underwent a significant rebranding effort in celebration of its 125th anniversary. In addition to updates in design and significant changes in borrowing policies, New Haven Free Public Library Site
28.
Toad's Place
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Toads Place is a concert venue and nightclub located in New Haven, Connecticut. The building, located on York Street down the street from Ashleys Ice Cream and Blue State Coffee, during the 1960s, it was a popular restaurant called Hungry Charlies and then the location of Calebs Tavern. In 1974, Michael Spoerndle, formerly a student at the Culinary Institute of America, rented the building for a French and Italian restaurant and he named it Toads Place, after a childhood joke. He said, When my parents were going out to dinner, they would tell me they were going to such-and-such, plus, people who didnt go out and stayed at home, wed call them toads. It was the equivalent of a couch potato, in 1976, Spoerndle turned the restaurant into a live music venue, working with a local musician named Peter Menta to bring in bands. Willie Dixon, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker and Koko Taylor were some of the first performers, in 1976, Brian Phelps joined as manager and eventually co-owner. Phelps took control in 1995, after Spoerndles numerous problems with alcohol, Spoerndle died on May 6,2011. In 1983, a location opened in Waterbury, Connecticut. In 2007, a location in Richmond, Virginia opened with a concert by the Squirrel Nut Zippers. It included a restaurant and club for up to 1,500 visitors, the principal owner was Charles Joyner, a local physician who was a disc jockey at Toads Place while he was a Yale undergraduate in the 1980s. On 9 March 2009, Toads Place Richmond was closed, all scheduled shows were canceled and/or moved to The National, another venue in Richmond. A third location was planned for Trenton, New Jersey, jeff Lorber, a jazz keyboardist, included an instrumental piece called Toads Place on his album Water Sign. Through mutual friends, singer Rob Zombie met future wife, actress Sheri Moon and they married on Halloween of 2002. In September 2002, Toads Place was fined $25,000, in May 2007, it closed for ninety days, after a November 5,2005 inspection by the state Liquor Control Commission found 142 underage drinkers were present. The owner paid a fine of $90,000 in addition to the ninety-day closure and it reopened on August 4,2007 with a concert by Badfish, a Sublime tribute band
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Yale Repertory Theatre
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In the process it has become one of the first distinguished regional theatres. Located at the edge of Yales main downtown campus, it occupies the former Calvary Baptist Church, some successful works were transferred to commercial theaters. Benjamin Mordecai served as managing director from 1982 to 1993, Victoria Nolan has served in capacity since 1993. Calvary Baptist Church was erected in 1846 in the Gothic revival architectural style on a plot of land that was the home of Richard Platt. Upon redundancy, the church was controlled by Yale University, which was served by a nondenominational chapel. Yale Dramatic Association Official website Yale Repertory Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database
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Old Campus (Yale University)
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The Old Campus is the oldest area of the Yale University campus in New Haven, Connecticut. It is the residence of Yale College freshmen and also contains offices for the academic departments of Classics, English, Comparative Literature. Fourteen buildings—including eight dormitories and two chapels—surround a 4-acre courtyard with an entrance from the New Haven Green known as Phelps Gate. The Old Campus comprised most of Yale Colleges grounds between its arrival in New Haven in 1718 and its 20th-century expansion and it was joined by Connecticut Hall in 1750, a student dormitory and Yales only surviving building from the colonial era. A linear building plan established in 1792, known as Old Brick Row, was the first campus plan in the United States, after 1870, the original plan gave way to the current quadrangle of dormitories, academic buildings, and chapels. Although the current buildings have been renovated and their uses changed during the twentieth century, when Yale College moved to New Haven in 1718, the town constructed its first building, the College House, at the corner of College and Chapel Streets, where Bingham Hall now stands. The wood-framed structure contained all the functions of the college, student rooms, a library, falling into disrepair, this building was torn down in stages from 1775 to 1782. Beginning in 1750 with the construction of Connecticut Hall, a student dormitory. A chapel, later known as the Atheneum, joined the dormitory in 1761, trumbulls drawings chose Stiles linear pattern, interleaving narrow, steepled buildings between long student dormitories. By 1824, Old Brick Row included four student dormitories, then known as colleges, around the Brick Row at this time were a chemical laboratory, a mineralogical building, and the Second Presidents House, replacing one north of Elm Street. The college gradually purchased parcels of land until it controlled the whole block by 1857, properties owned by Amos Doolittle and Benjamin Franklin were consolidated and demolished, as were the town jail and poorhouse. On newly acquired land surrounding Old Brick Row, administrators built the Trumbull Gallery, Divinity College, the College Library, of the fourteen Yale buildings completed by 1850, only two, Connecticut Hall and the College Library, would stand fifty years later, and both survive today. In 1870, Yale President Noah Porter announced the gradual abandoment and removal of the present buildings of the Brick Row, where before it had been most pretegious to live off campus, the new dormitories became fashionable as the preserve of seniors. When Yales residential colleges were opened in 1933, the Old Campus transitioned to a home for the common Freshman Year, in 1833, a picket fence encircling the campus was replaced with a rail fence, causing a major shift in the social patterns of the Old Campus. The Yale Fence, a fence with square posts and round rails that ran three sides of Old Brick Row, was the colleges primary gathering place thereafter. Students would claim sections by class year, with seniors taking choice seats along Chapel Street, however, as the modern quadrangle took form, the fence was gradually uprooted. In 1888, the displacement of its last section for Osborn Hall caused 2,100 alumni to write in protest, the Yale Fence Club, an undergraduate fraternal organization, was named in its memory. The fence currently lining the Old Campus interior courtyard is modeled after the old fence, Old Campus houses freshmen from ten of Yale Colleges twelve residential colleges
31.
The Edw. Malley Co.
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Malley Co. often abbreviated Malleys, was a prestigious department store in Downtown New Haven, Connecticut, from 1852 to 1982. Company produced postcards promoted the establishment as The Metropolitan Store of Connecticut, in 2007, it was ranked among the landmark consumer paradises of New Havens past, along with Macys, Shartenbergs Department Store, and Grants. The second site was regarded as an appendage to the success of the Chapel Square Mall. In 1848, Edward Malley started displaying merchandise in the front room of his aunt Rhoda Mallorys house on North Front Street in Fair Haven and he traveled throughout New England, opening up stores briefly and then moving on. The business started out as Malley & Co. a dry goods store and it was originally located directly across from the New Haven Green, at 65 Chapel Street. Malley rented a 15- by 20-foot store for $75 a year, using $250 in cash, with such limited space, Malley hung goods from wires strung across the room and used barrels topped with planks as counters. The store made deliveries by way of a mule named Maude who pulled a cart through the streets of New Haven, by 1856, the premises had been greatly enlarged, which Malley attributed to liberal advertising without regard to expense. It was described that October as the largest and busiest store of its kind in the state, at that time, it employed about 100 people, had four show windows, a 75-foot front, 120-foot depth, and was three stories tall. The building was improved in 1866. Malley partnered with one William Neeley, and changed the store to William Neeley Co. in 1868, the store caught fire in 1875, and was completely destroyed by a second fire in 1882, with a loss estimated at $175,000. The store was rebuilt, and in 1893, renamed Malley-Neeley Co, the name was changed a final time to The Edw. Malley Co. in 1898, and enlarged in 1899 as a nine-story Beaux-Arts style building and it continued to remodel and improve, adding New Englands first self-leveling elevator in 1923, and escalators in 1958. A1938 travel book said of Malleys, Young shoppers are fascinated by the big cage of live birds in the childrens department. It was demolished and relocated two blocks south at 2 Church Street when the now-defunct Chapel Square Mall was constructed on the site in the early 1960s. The second location, which opened October 25,1962, measured 266,000 square feet and had three levels above ground and two below. It was connected by a walkway on the floor to Macys, across the street. Features included a branch post office and a shop, a gourmet shop, bakery, 300-seat restaurant, beauty salon, photographic studio, jewelry and watch repair service. Live radio could also be heard playing, during this period, Malleys offered its own brand of clothing called Churchstreeter
32.
Macy's
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Macys, originally R. H. Macy & Co. is a department store owned by Macys, Inc. It is one of two owned by the company, with the other being Bloomingdales. Macys has conducted the annual Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City since 1924 and has sponsored the citys annual Fourth of July fireworks display since 1976, Macys Herald Square is one of the largest department stores in the world. The value of Herald Square has been estimated at around $3 billion, in 2015 Macys was the largest U. S. department store company by retail sales. Macys was the 15th-largest retailer in the United States for 2014 by revenue and they all failed, but he learned from his mistakes. On the companys first day of business on October 28,1858 sales totaled US$11.08, equal to $306.15 today. From the beginning, Macys logo has included a star, which comes from a tattoo that Macy got as a teenager when he worked on a Nantucket whaling ship and it also offered a money back guarantee, although it accepted only cash into the 1950s. The store also produced its own clothing for both men and women, assembled in an on-site factory. In 1875, Macy took on two partners, Robert M. Valentine, a nephew, and Abiel T, la Forge of Wisconsin, who was the husband of a cousin. Macy died in 1877 from inflammatory kidney disease, la Forge died the following year, and Valentine died in 1879. This latter 5-story building was purchased by Robert H. Macys ignored the tactic, and simply built around the building, in 1912, Isidor Straus died in the sinking of the Titanic at the age of 67 with his wife, Ida. The original Broadway store was designed by architects De Lemos & Cordes, was built in 1901–02 by the Fuller Company and has a Palladian facade, but has been updated in many details. There were further additions to the west in 1924 and 1928, and the Seventh Avenue building in 1931, all designed by architect Robert D. Kohn, the newer buildings were increasingly Art Deco in style. In 2012, Macys began the first full renovation of the iconic Herald Square flagship store at a reported cost of US$400,000,000, STUDIO V Architecture, a New York-based firm, was the overall Master Plan architect of the project. STUDIO Vs fresh design of the department store raised controversy over the nature of contemporary design, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark in 1978. The store has several wooden escalators still in operation, the problem of pre-existing buildings also presented itself when Macys built a store on Queens Boulevard in Elmhurst, in the New York City borough of Queens. This resulted in a unique round department store on 90 percent of the lot, Macys no longer fully occupies this building, which now contains the Queens Place Mall, with Macys Furniture Gallery as a tenant, instead it moved its full outlet to the nearby Queens Center. This relocation was the result of Macys merger with Federated Department Stores, the parent company of Abraham & Straus, in 1994, more distant acquisitions included Lasalle & Koch, Davison-Paxon-Stokes, L. Bamberger & Co
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New Haven Arena
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New Haven Arena was an indoor arena on Grove Street in New Haven, Connecticut, that served as a venue for ice hockey, concerts, and circuses. The first arena opened in 1914 but burned down in 1924, the new arena was built in 1926 by Nathan Podoloff with his father and two brothers and held over 4,000 people. The Rolling Stones, the Kinks, Bob Dylan, The Doors, Joan Baez, the Supremes, the arrest was the inspiration for the Doors song Peace Frog which was released in 1970. When the New Haven Coliseum was completed in 1972, most of the Arenas business went there, the Arena was demolished in 1974. The site is now the headquarters of the New Haven Division of the FBI, New Haven Arena photo, Connecticut History Online. Photo of New Haven Arena, State St. side, Connecticut History Online, facebook Fan page of the New Haven Arena
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New Haven Coliseum
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New Haven Coliseum was a sports and entertainment arena located in downtown New Haven, Connecticut. Construction began in 1968 and was completed in 1972, the Coliseum was officially closed on September 1,2002 by Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. and demolished by implosion on January 20,2007. The arenas formal name was New Haven Veterans Memorial Coliseum, the Coliseum held 11,171 people at full capacity, and occupied 4.5 acres of land next to the Knights of Columbus Building and faced the Oak Street Connector/Route 34 downtown spur. Also, it was home of the Connecticut Coasters roller hockey team in 1993, the Connecticut Pride of the IBL from 2000 to 2001, ice Capades has also been presented at the Coliseum. New Haven Coliseum was also home to Yale University Hockey. Womens Olympic Squad played a game vs. Sweden on December 15,2001. Notably, in 1986, the Coliseum served as the setting for Van Halens multi-platinum concert film Live Without a Net, many of the eras most prominent musical stars also appeared at the Coliseum. The pilot episode of WWE Friday Night SmackDown was filmed at the Coliseum on April 27,1999, tool was the final musical act on August 20,2002. The final event held at the Coliseum was a wrestling show held by World Wrestling Entertainment. The WWE considered the Coliseum its home arena, as it much of its history—the closest venue to WWEs headquarters in Stamford. Most matches were broadcast, first on WTNH, as well as on local UHF stations, the Coliseum was built to replace the New Haven Arena, New Havens prior indoor sports and entertainment venue. The Coliseum, as well as the neighboring Knights of Columbus building, was designed by the architects Kevin Roche of Roche-Dinkeloo, though an interesting solution, this design was unpopular because of the quarter-mile helical ramps required to access the parking. Vincent Scully, the architectural historian at nearby Yale University. Other features of the design, such as street storefronts and a hall, were never completed. Renovations were made to correct that problem, the city shut down the facility in 2002 after concluding that it was a drain on city coffers. Others in the community supported the plan to demolish the arena, despite Mayor DeStefanos plan to close and demolish the building within six months, it ultimately took more than four years. Among the reasons for the Coliseums demise was the construction or renovation in the 1990s of alternative comparably sized venues within the southern Connecticut market, the Arena at Harbor Yard in Bridgeport attracted a minor league hockey team, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers. The Mohegan Sun Arena was built about an hour away, many musical acts started booking the Oakdale Theatre in the city of Wallingford, Connecticut after it was upgraded and expanded
35.
Shartenberg's Department Store
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Shartenbergs Department Store was a six-floor department store located at 765-777 Chapel Street in Downtown New Haven, Connecticut, designed in the neoclassical style. In 2007, it was ranked among the landmark consumer paradises of New Havens past, the department store began as A. C. Wilcox, a dry goods store, in 1836, after the death of A. C. Wilcox, it became The Howe & Stetson Co. and was greatly enlarged. In 1906, the business was purchased and became the Shartenberg-Robinson Department Store, the business was sold to Nelson Miller of New York in 1952 and closed its doors April 21,1962. The building was razed in either 1962 or 1964, the Shartenberg Site, as it came to be known, was used as a parking lot until 2008, when groundbreaking for the 31-story 360 State Street building commenced
36.
Richard C. Lee
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Richard Charles Lee was a Democrat and a longtime Mayor of New Haven and the youngest when he held the position in 1954 at age 37. Lee is best known for his role in urban redevelopment in the 1950s and 1960s. Richard Charles Lee was born on March 12,1916 and he grew up in a cold-water apartment in the working-class Newhallville neighborhood of New Haven. His father, Frederick, worked at the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and he graduated from Hillhouse High School in 1934. After being defeated for mayor in 1949 and 1951, he won in 1953, Lee appointed the citys first black corporation counsel, George Williamson Crawford, in 1954. During his first re-election campaign in 1957, John F. Kennedy, then in the Senate, to shore up New Havens large Italian electorate, the mayor brought in Rocky Marciano, the boxer. He won that election by a 2-to-1 margin, Lee went on to serve 16 years as mayor, second-longest of New Havens mayors at the time. In 2003 he died at the age of 86, on May 17,1999, Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro dedicated the Richard C. Lee United States Courthouse in downtown New Haven to Lee. DeLauro worked with Senators Christopher Dodd and Joseph Lieberman to rename the federal building, the Richard C. Lee Highway, a freeway in downtown New Haven, is also named in his honor. A former New Haven public high school, carried the name Richard C. Lee High School in his honor, the Richard C Lee High School building is now the Yale School of Nursing. General Paul Von Zielbauer, Richard C, Lee,86, Mayor Who Revitalized New Haven, The New York Times, February 4,2003 Notes
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360 State Street
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360 State Street is a 300-foot residential skyscraper completed in 2010 in New Haven, Connecticut. It is the second-tallest building in the city, and the largest apartment building in the state, deSimone Consulting Engineers were the structural engineers on the building and it won the 2009 New York Construction - Top Project of the Year. The mixed-use modernist building, includes 500 luxury apartments and 25,000 sq ft of retail space, a full-scale food co-op occupies the buildings ground floor. 360 State was constructed on the site where Shartenbergs Department Store stood from 1915 to 1962, near Union Station for travel to Boston, Hartford and Washington, DC This clean energy project was made possible by a grant from the Connecticut Clean Energy Fund Official website
38.
York Square Cinema
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York Square Cinema is a former art house cinema located in Downtown New Haven, Connecticut, USA. The York Square was built in 1970 and it housed three separate movie theaters in a renovation that connected several old buildings. The only live remaining owner, Robert Spodick, decided to close the doors of the York Square in July 2005 after several lawsuits with the large distribution chains. In their farewell letter, the York Square Management stated, After 60 years of exhibition in New Haven. It’s been a good, long run, and we can reflect on our years of bringing to New Haven thousands of choices in the best in foreign. We are no longer able to withstand the pressure of the Showcase monopoly. We are simply not allowed to choose new films to play and we have reached the point where we must say Enough is enough. York Square Cinema--ready for the big leagues
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Oak Street Connector
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The Oak Street Connector, officially known as the Richard C. Lee Highway, is a 1. 05-mile-long freeway section of Route 34 that is located in downtown New Haven, Connecticut, United States. The freeway begins at the junction of Interstate 95 and Interstate 91, the current connector section was completed in 1959. The entire project was conceived with a purpose, urban renewal. The first goal was to clear this area of New Havens downtown. The highway replaced Oak Street which had been an area since the days when leather workers congregated along West Creek. In the beginning of the century, the area became home to many Jewish and Irish immigrants. The freeway was also meant to bring cars into the city, due to its limited completion, only the first goal can be said to have been fully achieved. Other plans for the highway to be extended into an expressway from New Haven to Peekskill, New York were shelved in the mid-1970s. A small portion of the freeway extension that was built in Orange during the 1980s is now used as a commuter parking lot. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals purchased a portion of the Oak Street Connector right-of-way, the Pfizer deal ensured the Oak Street Connector could not be extended beyond its current terminus at the Air Rights Parking Garage near Yale-New Haven Hospital. Following the completion of the Pfizer research facility in 2005, New Haven Mayor John DeStefano, the boulevard would then continue west along a widened Legion Avenue. After the completion of the boulevard, Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, CONNDOT and the City of New Haven began preparing the environmental impact statement for removing the Oak Street Connector in 2011, and the first phase of the project began in May 2013. Currently, the Connecticut Department of Transportation is engaged in a redesign of the entire Interstate 95/91/Oak Street Connector interchange and it is estimated that the Connector handles 73,900 vehicles each day. The history of Urban Renewal that led to the connector CT34 Expressway on nycroads
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Westville, New Haven
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Westville is a neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut located in the western part of the city west of the West River. Whalley Avenue, Edgewood Avenue, Fountain Street and Forest Road are the main routes of the neighborhood. Westville is a district, with both residential and commercial zoning space. Generally, as elevation rises, the neighborhood becomes more residential, with commercial buildings located along Whalley Avenue. This area is home to pubs and restaurants, and also features art galleries, antique shops. The eastern half of the portion of the neighborhood is a state historic district known as Suburban Westville Historic District. The downtown area of Westville, which is zoned for use, is listed as the Westville Village Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2003, the area was 22 acres and there were 30 contributing buildings in the district. In 2006, the listing was amended to add the former Westville Theater building at 827 Whalley Avenue, the theater building is now occupied by Lyric Hall, an antique restoration and conservation studio and community theater. Westville Center has also officially designated as a Connecticut Main Street. Several of Yale Universitys primary athletic facilities are located near the edge of Westville and these include the Yale Bowl, Yale Field, Cullman Courts, and the Yale Golf Course. The Hopkins School, one of the oldest private schools in the nation, is also located here. Westville is the home to much of the New Haven areas Jewish population, in June 2007 Lieberman announced plans to move to Stamford. Westvillect - local website giving information on resources and activities Westville Village Historic District
