1.
Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida
–
The neighborhoods are managed by Neighborhood and Community Relations, a department under Neighborhood Services, a city department which serves as a resource for residents and businesses. The following are a list of neighborhoods in the city of Tampa, Florida, United States. There are six districts and around 84 officially named neighborhoods of Tampa along with other subdistricts not reported separately by the city. Downtown Tampa Uptown Tampa, a subdistrict in the section of Downtown Tampa. Garrison Channel Gary Uceta Yard Rocky Point Soho District, a subdistrict within Hyde Park City of Tampa neighborhood map Neighborhood Registry Tampa Neighborhood Information
2.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
U.S. state
–
A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
4.
Florida
–
Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
5.
Hillsborough County, Florida
–
Hillsborough County is a county in the U. S. state of Florida. In the 2010 census, the population was 1,229,226 and its county seat and largest city is Tampa. Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa–St, Hillsborough County was created on January 25,1834, from Alachua and Monroe counties, during the U. S. territorial period. The new county was named for Wills Hill, the Earl of Hillsborough, the countys 1834 area was much larger and included eight other present-day counties, Charlotte County, DeSoto, Hardee, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, and Sarasota. The last significant change in Hillsborough Countys borders was the separation of its section to create Pinellas County. On New Years Day in 1914, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line initiated the first scheduled airline service in the world. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,266 square miles. There is approximately 158.27 miles of shoreline on Tampa Bay, the countys unincorporated area is approximately 888 square miles, more than 84 percent of the total land area. Municipalities account for 163 square miles, the modern boundaries of the county place it midway along the west coast of Florida. A narrow portion of Hillsborough County to the south, consisting almost exclusively of water and this has the effect of keeping Hillsborough County from being technically landlocked. The central portion of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is in Hillsborough County, so is Egmont Key, at the entrance to Tampa Bay, this narrow strip of land separates Pinellas County from Manatee County. The northernmost tip of an island just west of Port Manatee also lies in Hillsborough County. Hillsborough is home to Alafia River State Park and Hillsborough River state parks, and to the C. W. Bill Young Regional Reservoir and Lithia Springs, the largest natural spring in Florida. 27. 12% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 96% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.11. The age distribution was as follows,23. 9% were under the age of 18,10. 5% from 18 to 24,28. 3% from 25 to 44,25. 4% from 45 to 64, the median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females there were 95.1 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males. The median income for a household in the county was $49,536, males had a median income of $43,125 versus $35,184 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,062, about 10. 7% of families and 14. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 9% of those under age 18 and 9. 6% of those aged 65 or over
6.
Tampa, Florida
–
Tampa is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida. It is located on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico, the city had a population of 346,037 in 2011. The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by peoples of the Safety Harbor culture. The area was explored by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, resulting in violent conflicts and the introduction of European diseases, which wiped out the original native cultures. In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of todays Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population, today, Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area. For U. S. Census purposes, Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, the Greater Tampa Bay area has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U. S. Census data showed an annual growth of 2.47 percent. A2012 estimate shows the Tampa Bay area population to have 4,310,524 people, Tampa was ranked as the 5th best outdoor city by Forbes in 2008. Tampa also ranks as the fifth most popular American city, based on where people want to live, a 2004 survey by the NYU newspaper Washington Square News ranked Tampa as a top city for twenty-somethings. Tampa is ranked as a Gamma+ world city by Loughborough University, ranked alongside other world cities such as Phoenix, Charlotte, Rotterdam, and Santo Domingo. The word Tampa may mean sticks of fire in the language of the Calusa and this might be a reference to the many lightning strikes that the area receives during the summer months. Other historians claim the name means the place to gather sticks, toponymist George R. Stewart writes that the name was the result of a miscommunication between the Spanish and the Indians, the Indian word being itimpi, meaning simply near it. The name first appears in the Memoir of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda and he calls it Tanpa and describes it as an important Calusa town. While Tanpa may be the basis for the modern name Tampa, archaeologist Jerald Milanich places the Calusa village of Tanpa at the mouth of Charlotte Harbor, the original Bay of Tanpa. A later Spanish expedition did not notice Charlotte Harbor while sailing north along the west coast of Florida, the name was accidentally transferred north. Map makers were using the term Bay or Bahia Tampa as early as 1695, people from Tampa are known as Tampans or Tampanians. Latin Americans from Tampa are known as tampeños, or tampeñas for females and these terms of Spanish origin emerged after 1900 for the immigrant communities in West Tampa and Ybor City
7.
Bob Buckhorn
–
Robert Francis Bob Buckhorn Jr. is an American politician currently serving as the mayor of Tampa, Florida. Born in Evanston, Illinois, the eldest of three sons, Buckhorn grew up in Falls Church, Virginia and he graduated in 1980 from Pennsylvania State University with a degree in Political Science, where he was on the college lacrosse team. He is married to Dr. Catherine Lynch Buckhorn and they have two daughters, previously, Buckhorn was the Director of Governmental Affairs for the Builders Association of Greater Tampa, and in 1987, became the Special Assistant to Mayor Sandra Freedman. In 1995, Buckhorn was elected Tampa City Council and was reelected to the Tampa City Council for a term with 75% of the vote. Having previously come third in the 2003 mayoral election, Buckhorn announced his intention to run again in the Mayoral election, as Tampas mayor, Buckhorn has stated he is committed to continuously looking for ways to reduce costs while improving efficiency in city government. In June 2011, he formed the Economic Competitiveness Committee to review the City of Tampa’s permitting and regulatory processes and to look for ways to improve the system. The ECC made several recommendations, and the City of Tampa is in the process of instituting those, once complete, the Riverwalk hopes to generate new possibilities for economic development along the Hillsborough River. He has also supported the expansion of transit and bike share. Mayor Buckhorn on City of Tampa Website Official campaign website Bob Buckhorns Facebook Bob Buckhorn on Twitter
8.
2010 United States Census
–
The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
9.
Eastern Time Zone
–
Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
10.
UTC-5
–
UTC−05,00 is a time offset that subtracts five hours from Coordinated Universal Time. In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, the western Caribbean uses it year round. The southwestern and northwestern portions of Indiana Mexico – Central Zone Central, in most of Mexico, daylight time starts a few weeks after the United States. Communities on the U. S. border that observe Central Time follow the U. S. daylight time schedule
11.
Daylight saving time
–
Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
12.
ZIP Code
–
ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
13.
Central business district
–
A central business district is the commercial and business centre of a city. In larger cities, it is synonymous with the citys financial district. Both the CBD and the city centre or downtown may also coincide with the central activities district, a citys CBD is usually typified by a concentration of retail and office buildings. The CBD usually has a density higher than the surrounding districts of the city. The CBD is often also the city centre or downtown, Mexico City also has a historic city centre, the colonial-era Centro Histórico, along with two CBDs, the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma - Polanco, and the new Santa Fe. The shape and type of a CBD almost always reflect the citys history. Cities with maximum building height restrictions often have a historic section quite apart from the financial. It has been said that downtowns are therefore distinct from both CBDs and city centres. CBDs usually have very small resident populations, for example, the population of the City of London declined from over 200,000 in the year 1700 to less than 10,000 today. In some instances, however, CBD populations are increasing as younger professional, the Buenos Aires Central Business District, is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The actual area was the point of first European settlement and its north-south axis runs from Monserrat in the south to Retiro railway station in the north. Its east-west axis runs from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve and Puerto Madero, the district is the financial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. Its port is one of the busiest in South America, navigable rivers by way of the Río de la Plata connect the port to northeast Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the hub for a vast area of the southeastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused political problems in the past. The Buenos Aires Human Development Index is likewise high by international standards, the term is used to refer to the business and financial area of a state capital city such as the Sydney CBD, Melbourne CBD, Brisbane CBD, Perth CBD and Adelaide CBD. The city centres of some cities, such as Townsville, Bendigo. More recently, in cities the city centre, which may or may not be distinct from the CBD, is increasingly separately identified
14.
Tampa Bay Area
–
Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the United States Census Bureau is Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas counties. The largest cities in the Tampa Bay Area are Tampa in Hillsborough County, the Tampa Bay area may also refer to the Tampa Bay media market which also includes Citrus, Manatee, Sarasota, and Polk counties. The population of the Tampa Bay Area is estimated at 3,030,953 people as of January 2017, for 2014 to 2015 the U. S. Census data estimated an annual growth of 2.0 percent or 54,412 people. The following is a list of important cities and unincorporated communities located in both the core Tampa–St, each of these cities has a population in excess of 100,000 inhabitants. Tampa St. Petersburg Clearwater Brandon Spring Hill More than 10,000 inhabitants Ref,2010 Census According to the 2000 U. S. Census, the Tampa–St. Hispanic or Latino by Origin From 2000 to 2004, total net migration for the Tampa Bay region was 262,961 or an average of 65,740 per year, during this time Tampa Bay accounted for nearly 20% of Floridas total net migration. The annual migration totals grew steadily since 2000 until 200 people a day moved to Tampa Bay in 2004, two Tampa Bay region counties are among the top counties in the country for net in-migration. Pasco County ranks 8th in the nation for net migration and Hillsborough County ranks 13th out of more than 3,000 counties, the Tampa Bay area is located along Tampa Bay which it is named for. Pinellas County and St. Petersburg, Florida lies on a peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and much of the city of Tampa, Florida lies on a smaller peninsula jutting out into Tampa Bay. The Tampa Bay area has a subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers, with daily thunderstorms. On average, two days experience frost per year in the Tampa Bay area, however, hard freezes are very rare, occurring only a few times in the last 75 years. The area is listed by the United States Department of Agriculture as being in hardiness zone 9b, highs usually range between 65 and 95 °F year-round. This proximity to bodies of water both moderates local temperatures and introduces large amounts of humidity into the atmosphere. In general, the communities farthest from the coast have more extreme temperature differences, nearly one in four of the states business and information services firms resides in Tampa Bay. These firms range from financial firms to information technology providers to professional services organizations such as law firms, accounting firms, engineering firms, consulting. As a gateway to the Florida High Tech Corridor, Tampa Bay is home to information technology firms along with many business services providers. The region also has a wealth of well-trained medical professionals—nearly 53,000 nurses and more than 9,200 physicians —provide care to Tampa Bay residents, Tampa Bay ranks in the top 20 nationwide for medical device manufacturing clusters. Tampa Bay serves as the gateway to the Florida High Tech Corridor which spans 23 counties, academic research is a key component of high-tech growth and a powerful economic engine
15.
Bank of America
–
Bank of America is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is ranked 2nd on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets, as of 2016, Bank of America was the 26th largest company in the United States by total revenue. In 2016, it was ranked #11 on the Forbes Magazine Global 2000 list of largest companies in the world and its acquisition of Merrill Lynch in 2008 made it the worlds largest wealth management corporation and a major player in the investment banking market. As of December 31,2016, it had US$886.148 billion in assets under management, as of December 31,2016, the company held 10. 73% of all bank deposits in the United States. It is one of the Big Four banks in the United States, along with Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America operates—but does not necessarily maintain retail branches—in all 50 states of the United States, the District of Columbia and more than 40 other countries. It has a retail banking footprint that serves approximately 46 million consumer, Bank of America provides its products and services through 4,600 retail financial centers, approximately 15,900 automated teller machines, call centers, and online and mobile banking platforms. The history of Bank of America dates back to October 17,1904, Giannini was raised by his mother and stepfather Lorenzo Scatena, as his father was fatally shot over a pay dispute with an employee. When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, Giannini was able to all deposits out of the bank building. Because San Franciscos banks were in smoldering ruins and unable to open their vaults, from a makeshift desk consisting of a few planks over two barrels, he lent money to those who wished to rebuild. In 1922, Giannini established Bank of America and Italy, in 1918 another corporation, Bancitaly Corporation, was organized by A. P. Giannini, the largest stockholder of which was Stockholders Auxiliary Corporation. Monnette and consolidated it with other holdings to create what would become the largest banking institution in the country. Bank of Italy was renamed on November 3,1930 to Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association, Giannini and Monnette headed the resulting company, serving as co-chairs. Branch banking was introduced by Giannini shortly after 1909 legislation in California that allowed for branch banking in the state and its first branch outside San Francisco was established in 1909 in San Jose. By 1929, the bank had 453 banking offices in California with aggregate resources of over US$1.4 billion. There is a replica of the 1909 Bank of Italy branch bank in History Park in San Jose, and the 1925 Bank of Italy Building is an important downtown landmark. Giannini sought to build a bank, expanding into most of the western states as well as into the insurance industry, under the aegis of his holding company. In 1953, regulators succeeded in forcing the separation of Transamerica Corporation, the passage of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 prohibited banks from owning non-banking subsidiaries such as insurance companies. Bank of America and Transamerica were separated, with the company continuing in the insurance business
16.
BB&T
–
BB&T is one of the largest financial services holding companies in the U. S. with $219.3 billion in assets and market capitalization of $38.1 billion. BB&T dates back to 1872, when Alpheus Branch and Thomas Jefferson Hadley founded the Branch and Hadley merchant bank in their hometown of Wilson, North Carolina. After many transactions, mostly local farmers, Branch bought out Hadleys shares in 1887 and renamed the company to Branch and Company. Two years later, Branch, his father-in-law Gen. Joshua Barnes, Hadley and three men, secured a charter from the North Carolina General Assembly to operate the Wilson Banking. After numerous additional name changes, the company settled on the name Branch Banking. Branch remained a member in the company until his death in 1893. The 1903 Branch Banking and Trust Company Building at Wilson was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, BB&T sold Liberty Bonds during World War I and grew to have more than $4 million in assets by 1923. An insurance division was added in 1922, followed by a division in 1923. As banks across the nation failed as a result of the 1929 Stock Market Crash, BB&T survived, it was the only one to do so in the town of Wilson. World War II revived BB&T. BB&Ts prosperity continued into the 1960s and 1970s, as mergers, in 1995, BB&T and Southern National Bank, another bank with roots in the eastern part of the state, completed a merger of equals. In an unusual arrangement, the company retained the Southern National name for a few years. This gave the new BB&T437 branches in 220 cities in the Carolinas, in 1999, BB&T acquired MainStreet Financial Corp. The latter deal made BB&T the largest bank in West Virginia, from 2000 to 2005, BB&T acquired numerous smaller banks, expanding into Tennessee, Kentucky, and even Florida. By Dec.31,2005, BB&T Corporation had secured $109.2 billion in assets, operated more than 1,500 banking offices in 11 states and the District of Columbia, and had more than 28,000 employees. In early 2007, BB&T acquired Coastal Federal Bank which is located in Myrtle Beach. It has been one of the Carolinas fastest growing banks, after BB&Ts announcement of an opportunity for a merger of equals it was speculated that it would be a merger with either Regions Financial of Birmingham, Alabama or Fifth Third of Cincinnati. In late 2008, the bank accepted $3.1 billion in bailout money through the sale of its shares to the U. S. Treasurys Troubled Asset Relief Program. The bank said in June 2009 that it had received approval to repurchase the shares, on August 14,2009, it was announced that the deposits and loan accounts of the Colonial Bank were being transferred to BB&T as part of Colonial Banks receivership by the FDIC
17.
Marshall & Ilsley
–
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation was a U. S. bank and diversified financial services corporation headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that was purchased by Bank of Montreal in 2010. The bank was founded in 1847 and by 2008 the bank had assets of $63.5 billion, after the acquisition, Bank of Montreal combined the Marshall & Ilsley Corporation operations into its existing U. S. subsidiary BMO Harris Bank. Founded in 1847, M&I Marshall & Ilsley Bank was the largest Wisconsin-based bank, in addition, M&I had 45 locations throughout Arizona,17 offices in Kansas City and nearby communities,17 offices on Florida’s west coast,26 offices in metropolitan Minneapolis/St. Paul, and one in Duluth, Minnesota, one office in Las Vegas, Nevada,16 offices in the greater St. Louis area, and 32 offices in the greater Indianapolis area. September 20,1993, M&I announced a merger with Wisconsin-based Valley Bancorporation, the merger converted 155 Valley Bank locations to M&I.154 of these were in Wisconsin, and one in Illinois. At the time of the merger, Valley Bancorporation had more bank locations than M&I did, in December 2006, M&I signed a definitive agreement to acquire United Heritage Bankshares of Florida with 13 locations in the Orlando area. On January 2,2008, M&I announced it had completed the acquisition of First Indiana, in late summer of 2010, M&I Bank additionally completed the acquisition of Southwest Bank, St Louis. On December 17,2010, Bank of Montreal agreed to purchase Marshall & Ilsley in a transaction valued at about $4.1 billion. Marshall & Ilsley was combined with BMOs Harris Bank subsidiary based in Chicago, Illinois, on October 9,2012, to form BMO Harris Bank. On April 5,2011, bank officers from M&I Bank, Harris Bank, both M&I Bank and Harris bank will be affected by the name change. The new logo will be similar to BMOs logo, the difference is the words Bank of Montreal will be replaced with Harris Bank. The name change to BMO Harris Bank took place over a span of 18 months, on July 5,2011, BMO Financial Group acquired Marshall & Ilsley Corporation through its subsidiary BMO Financial Corp. At the time of the acquisition, certain bank mergers also occurred, M&I Marshall & Ilsley Bank, M&I Bank N. A. and The Harris Bank N. A. merged into Harris N. A. At the time of mergers, Harris National Association changed its name to BMO Harris Bank National Association. Archived official website Archived M&I Bank website
18.
PNC Financial Services
–
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. is an American financial services corporation, with assets of approximately $366 billion, as well as deposits of approximately $249 billion. PNC is the fifth largest bank by number of offices, sixth largest by deposits, ninth largest by total assets. PNC Financial Services traces its history to the Pittsburgh Trust and Savings Company which was founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on April 10,1845. Due to the recovery from the Great Fire of Pittsburgh, PNC was not fully operational until January 28,1852. The bank was renamed The Pittsburgh Trust Company in 1853, in 1858, the company located its corporate offices at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Wood Street in Pittsburgh where they remain to this day. The bank changed its name to First National Bank of Pittsburgh in 1863 and it received charter number forty-eight on August 5,1863, with other later banks receiving charters sooner due to paperwork problems and the fact that the bank was already in business. By 1959, after a series of mergers, the bank had evolved into the Pittsburgh National Bank, another branch of the current bank, the Philadelphia based Provident National Corporation, dates back to the mid-19th century. In 1982, Pittsburgh National Corporation and Provident National Corporation merged into a new entity named PNC Financial Corporation and it was the largest bank merger in American history at the time. Between 1991 and 1996, PNC purchased more than ten smaller banks, in 2005, PNC acquired Washington, D. C. based Riggs Bank. PNC completed the acquisition of Maryland-based Mercantile Bankshares on March 2,2007, on June 7,2007, PNC announced the acquisition of Yardville National Bancorp, a small commercial bank centered in central New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. The transaction was completed in March 2008, the transaction was also completed in 2008. On October 24,2008, during the crisis of 2007-2008. The announcement came hours after PNC sold preferred stock to the United States Treasury as part of the $700 billion bailout plan and it also greatly expanded PNCs presence in the Midwest as well as entering the Florida market. PNC then had its footprint stretch from New York City to St. Louis, with branches as far south as Miami, marie, Michigan on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. PNC completed the conversion of the National City branches on June 14,2010, National City’s lack of pricing guidelines resulted in black borrowers being charged an average of $159 more in extra upfront fees or higher interest than white borrowers. Black borrowers also paid an average of $228 more annually over the life of the loan than white borrowers, hispanics paid $125 more upfront and $154 more annually than white borrowers. Under the terms of the settlement, PNC was required to pay victims $35 million, in 2011, PNC bought BankAtlantics Tampa Bay Area branches. Also in 2011, PNC acquired 27 branches in the northern Atlanta suburbs with $240 million in deposits, in 2012, PNC acquired RBC Bank from Royal Bank of Canada for $3.45 billion
19.
Sykes Enterprises
–
Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Tampa, Florida. The company provides business process outsourcing services, IT consulting and IT-enabled services, such as technical support, SYKES was founded in 1977 by John H. Sykes in Charlotte, North Carolina to provide engineering and design services to large corporations. Companies such as IBM, AT&T, and Texas Instruments were among SYKES first clients, by 1990, the company had 1,000 employees,20 offices, and $55 million in annual revenue. In 1992, the moved into the customer service business by purchasing Jones Technologies. In 1993, SYKES relocated its headquarters from Charlotte to Tampa. SYKES became a traded company in 1996. The company was listed on NASDAQ under the stock symbol SYKE, david Grimes, a former AT&T executive, was named president of SYKES in 1998. John Sykes remained CEO and chairman, in 2000, Grimes became president and CEO. However, after 3 months, Grimes resigned and Sykes returned as president, charles Sykes, John Sykes son, became president and CEO of the company in 2004. Charles had been with the company 17 years prior to assuming his fathers position, the following are key milestones in Sykes official history as a company. q. 1996 - Company goes public – stock begins trading on NASDAQ,2012 - SYKES opens new center in Mandaluyong City, Philippines. As of 2010, the company has operations in the countries, SYKES provides customer contact management solutions. Sykes services are categorized into three lines of business, Contact Center Services, TeleHealth, and Assistance Services
20.
TECO Energy
–
On September 4,2015, Emera, a utility holding company based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, announced the pending acquisition of TECO Energy. TECO Energy as of July 1,2016 is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Emera, in 2000, TECO Energy was fined $3.5 million for making changes to emissions producing facilities without installing new updated pollution controls. This led to the switch from coal to gas in one of its plants by 2004. These changes were enacted to drastically cut emissions, notably sulfur dioxide, TECO Energy completed a $330 million emissions control project in 2010, which made one of its power stations one of the cleanest coal-fired power plants in the nation. The renovation reduced nitrogen oxide emissions at the plant by approximately 91 percent from levels recorded in 1998, since 1998, TECO has invested $1. List of power stations in Florida TECO Line Streetcar System TECO Energy corporate home page
21.
Frontier Communications
–
It was known as Citizens Utilities Company until May 2000 and Citizens Communications Company until July 31,2008. Frontier is the fourth largest provider of digital subscriber line in the United States, Citizens Utilities began a rapid expansion in 1993, announcing an agreement to acquire 500,000 rural access lines from GTE. In December 1993, it acquired 190,000 lines tates, coghest Frontier of DGF City East/West, Contel of the West lines in Utah became part of Citizens Telecommunications of Utah. GTE Northwest lines in Idaho become part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of Idaho, GTE South lines in Tennessee became part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of Tennessee, while lines in West Virginia became part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of West Virginia. In June 1994, it completed the acquisition of 270,000 lines, formerly part of Contel of New York, in November that year, Citizens acquired 38,000 lines. In January 1995, the company acquired 5,000 access lines in California and these lines became a part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of California. Citizens, in 1994, announced that it would acquire 117,000 telephone lines, on June 30,1995, it acquired two operating companies from Alltel. One of them was in Oregon and merged into Citizens existing company there, the other, Mountain State Telephone, was in West Virginia and was renamed Citizens Mountain State Telephone. Citizens Mountain State Telephone later absorbed the former GTE operations and took on the Citizens Telecommunications name, on September 30, Citizens completed the acquisition of Alltels lines in Tennessee, which became a part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of the Volunteer State. On October 31, it completed the acquisition from Alltel of Navajo Communications, which operates lines for the Navajo community in Arizona, California, on January 2,1996, Citizens acquired 3600 lines in Pennsylvania and 20,000 lines in California from Alltel. On April 1 that year, it acquired Alltel Nevada, which included 23,000 telephone lines, the company was renamed Citizens Telecommunications Company of Nevada. Citizens acquired Ogden Telephone in 1997, in 1999, Citizens announced that it planned to acquire 187,000 local access lines from GTE for $664 million in Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, and North Dakota. The sales were closed following the merger of GTE and Bell Atlantic to form Verizon, lines in Nebraska were split from GTE Midwest to become a part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of Nebraska. Lines in North Dakota were split, some became part of Citizens of Montana while the rest joined with lines formerly part of Contel of Minnesota to become part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of Minnesota. Lines in Illinois became a part of Citizens Telecommunications Company of Illinois, Citizens, in 1999, announced plans to acquire 530,000 rural access lines from US West, a Baby Bell, for $1.65 billion. The sale would not have included US West Dex directories in those territories, in 2001, Qwest, which acquired US West in 2000, terminated the sale because Citizens refused to complete the transaction. Citizens sold its non-telephone divisions in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the following divisions were sold, Louisiana natural gas to Atmos Energy in 2000. Water and wastewater operations to American Water Works in 2002 Colorado gas utilities to Kinder Morgan in 2001, hawaii electric utilities to Kauaʻi Island Utility Cooperative in 2002
22.
Tampa Convention Center
–
The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the citys skyline, harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Streetcar Line, the center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet in total. The Tampa Convention Center is built on the site of Fort Brooke. The community of Tampa slowly grew around Fort Brooke through two wars with the Seminole Indians and the American Civil War, the post was decommissioned by the United States Army in 1883 and the land was sold for private use. Construction began in early 1989, with the city of Tampa paying the $140 million cost by issuing municipal bonds, the citys original development plan called for the Tampa Convention Center to be built concurrently with a large hotel. In 2006, more adjacent lodging was added when a 20-story Embassy Suites hotel opened directly across Franklin Street from the convention center, the newer hotel is connected to the convention center via a skybridge. The Tampa Convention Center was the center for the 2012 Republican National Convention. It hosts the yearly anime convention MetroCon, as well as the Florida Bar Exam, list of convention centers in the United States Tampa Convention Center
23.
Hillsborough River (Florida)
–
The Hillsborough River is a river located in the state of Florida in the USA. It arises in the Green Swamp near the juncture of Hillsborough, Pasco and Polk counties, the name Hillsborough River first appeared on a British map in 1769. Geological data suggests that the Hillsborough River has been flowing for about 27,000 years, humans first made their way to this area 12,000 -15,000 years ago. In the late 18th century the watershed of the Hillsborough River was a covered by a rich. Majestic bald cypress, longleaf pine, and sand live oak were hundreds of years old, in the mid to late 19th century to about 1913 the watershed of this old growth forest began to be logged. As a result of this activity, most of the trees within the Hillsborough River basin are now less than one hundred years in age. The harvesting of the old growth trees altered the ecosystems they dominated, trees such as water ash and water locust were able to quickly grow in the sun-lit spaces created when bigger trees were removed. The riverine swamp forest as it today has a much different ecology than the ecosystem that had existed along the Hillsborough for the previous ten to fifteen thousand years. Pánfilo de Narváez, a Spanish explorer, lands near Tampa Bay and he and the four hundred men with him find the Tocobaga culture established in the area. Hernando de Soto, another Spaniard, comes to Tampa Bay, by the early 18th century the Tocobaga people, through disease and slavery, are nearly exterminated. A survey of the Hillsborough River is done by Don Francisco Maria Celi and he ventures up to the Temple Terrace area in search of longleaf pine to use as masts for his ships. He names the pine forest of the area El Pinal de la Cruz de Santa Teresa or The Pines of the Cross of Saint Teresa, there is a plaque commemorating his exploration at Riverhills Park in Temple Terrace. A map drawn and sent to the Earl of Hillsborough, English Governor of West Florida, during the mid and late 18th century, Native Americans from the north, mostly Creek, begin to migrate to Florida. These immigrants become known as Seminoles, Florida becomes a United States territory. Construction of Fort Brooke begins at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, the Fort King Military Road is built to connect Fort King in Ocala with Fort Brooke in what was then the settlement of Tampa. A bridge is built to cross the Hillsborough, congress passes the Indian Removal Act. The American government begins efforts to remove the Seminole from Tampa Bay, tensions between Seminole and Americans continue. Seminoles burn the bridge at the Fort King Road’s river crossing, Fort Foster is established at the Hillsborough River crossing to protect this strategically advantageous position
24.
Channel District
–
Channel District is a residential neighborhood in the City of Tampa that includes an entertainment complex, just east of Downtown Tampa, Florida. It is bordered by Ybor Channel on the east and Garrison Channel on the south, Channelside is a nickname for the entertainment complex Channelside Bay Plaza, within the neighborhood that includes shops, restaurants, and bars. It is located next to the Florida Aquarium, American Victory Museum, Port Tampa Bay, also located in the district is the Amalie Arena where the NHLs Tampa Bay Lightning and Tampa Bay Storm play their home games. The Arena also hosts concerts and other events, the center of the Bay Plaza has a large open court for live music, with views of the downtown skyline, cruise ships and the Port of Tampa. It also houses a Sony Giant Screen theater, the TECO Streetcar has several stops in the district. Also, NEVs are being utilized by startups to link Tampas core neighborhoods including Channelside, the Tampa Convention Center is located adjacent to the district to the west. Twin 30-story upscale condos Towers of Channelside were completed in 2007, with many other mid, Saint Leo University opened an adult continuing education center, called the Tampa Education Center, in the Channel District in July 2011. More shopping and entertainment is planned for the area along with a sports park. The side streets away from the bay plaza are becoming the focal points of the neighborhood, featuring many new restaurants, bars, the Channel District also includes the Small Business Development Center at the University of South Florida. Starting in 2010 the Tampa Attractions Association formed a tradition of coloring the Garrison Channel green for Saint Patricks Day, several official Super Bowl XLIII parties featuring celebrity appearances were held in the district. Official City of Tampa Neighborhoods Channel District Legal Description, currently there is an inactive Neighborhood Association. Channelside Tampa Channelside District demographics page Where To Go In Channelside
25.
Interstate 275 (Florida)
–
Interstate 275, located in Florida, is a highway,60 miles long, serving the Tampa Bay Area. Its southern terminus is at Interstate 75 near Palmetto, where I-275 heads west towards the Sunshine Skyway Bridge crossing over Tampa Bay, after the interchange, I-275 passes north through the Tampa suburbs to its northern terminus at Interstate 75 in Wesley Chapel. Interstate 275 begins at exit 228 of Interstate 75 with two lanes in either direction in rural Palmetto,275 immediately heads west of its parent interstate and has an interchange US412 miles up the road. I-275s next interchange is with US19, beginning a concurrency that lasts 13 miles, after this exit, I-275 reaches the Southern toll plaza for the Sunshine Skyway Bridge. There is a corresponding Northern toll plaza for southbound travelers, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is a 4.1 mile long bridge that spans Tampa Bay. After reaching the end of the bridge,275 enters St. Petersburg. At the northern end of the bridge, drivers drive on the left side as the freeways lanes invert for about half a mile before US19 exits the freeway. I-275 has multiple exits in the city, each of them serving the neighborhoods that the freeway passes through. At this point, the interstate widens to 3 lanes in either direction, 275s next major interchange is with Interstate 175, which provides access to Albert Whitted Airport and Tropicana Field, home of the Tampa Bay Rays. The next major interchange occurs less than a mile down the road with Interstate 375, after this exit, I-275 continues through residential neighborhoods until it passes beside Sawgrass Lake Park and then through an area of marshland. The freeway widens to four lanes in either direction before reaching its last interchange in St. Petersburg with SR687, after traveling 19 miles in St. Petersburg, I-275 crosses the Howard Frankland Bridge over Old Tampa Bay into Tampa. I-275 has an interchange with SR589, allowing access to Tampa International Airport, at this point, I-275 thins down to three lanes in either direction, and remains this way for the rest of the freeway. 275 then has an interchange with US92, the first of two interchanges with the road, allowing access to downtown Tampa,275 then crosses the Hillsborough River for the first time along its route. Afterwards,6 miles from its entry into Tampa, I-275 has its major interchange with Interstate 4. This junction was always clogged with daily rush hour traffic and was subsequently overhauled and this interchange serves as I-4s western terminus, and allows access to Orlando and the east coast of Florida. After this major exit,275 reaches an interchange with US92 again, after this interchange, US41 acts as the local road for the freeway for the rest of its route. 275 crosses the Hillsborough River a second time and enters residential neighborhoods within Tampa,275 travels due north and parallel to US41 for 4 miles before turning northeast towards Interstate 75. At this point,275 exits Tampa and enters Lutz, a suburb of Tampa, I-275 then reconnects with its parent interstate highway and reaches its northern terminus
26.
Davis Islands (Tampa)
–
Davis Islands is a Tampa neighborhood and archipelago on two islands in Hillsborough County, Florida. Its proximity to Downtown Tampa and its views of the Port of Tampa have made it an area to live. The areas population was 5,474 at the 2010 census, Davis Island is also home to Peter O. Knight Airport and Davis Island Yacht Club. Also on the Islands are the Marjorie Park Municipal Yacht Basin & Marjorie Park at 115 Columbia Drive, Marjorie Park was donated to the City of Tampa and named by Davis after his wife Marjorie Merritt Davis. With a canal fully separating a portion of the island from the rest of it, Davis Islands is technically an archipelago, originally, Davis Islands consisted of three islands. Nearly all streets on the island are named after bodies of water or islands and they are loosely arranged in alphabetical order starting with Adalia Avenue. And ending with Severn Avenue, the street farthest away from the bridge leads to the main islands southernmost point. There are no lights on Davis Islands. Davis Island was built upon two man-made islands atop two small islands formerly known as Little Grassy Key and Big Grassy Key at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. The islands were built from mud dredged from the bottom of Tampa Bay in the 1920s and this dredge-and-fill operation was undertaken at the height of the Florida Land Boom by developer and Tampa native D. P. Davis. Davis then purchased all the land for $350,000. He planned a community with three hotels, nine-hole golf course, airport, and swimming pool. D. P. Davis then sold 306 of the lots for $1,683,582. The development stalled when the Florida land boom of the early 1920s wound down, many of the original Mediterranean-style structures are still standing and have received national Historic Designation, as well as local protections. Buildings of note include the Palace of Florence and Mirasol, today Davis Island is a mix of residential and retail areas. Most predominant today is a mix of architectural styles because of the slowdown in development in the 1930s. East Davis Boulevard is the area of the neighborhood. Along several blocks there are restaurants, cafes, bars, the area is also very pet-friendly due to the pedestrian nature of the island
27.
Harbour Island (Tampa)
–
Harbour Island is an island neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida and the sub-district within Downtown Tampa. The ZIP Code serving the area is 33602, Harbour Island is situated adjacent to Downtown across the Garrison Channel. Other nearby areas include Davis Islands and Channelside, the Tampa Convention Center is located directly across the Harbour Island Bridge and Channelside is just across Beneficial Drive, both walking distance. Harbour Island was originally known as Seddon Island, which was named after W. L. Seddon, in 1906, a public hearing was held to plan a new port for the city. Seddons plans were adopted and soon his company dredged a channel, the Seaboard Coast Line later sold the 177 acres island to the Beneficial Land Corporation in 1979 for residential, office and retail development purposes. The first phase of development did not begin until 1985, up to that point, the island still housed a phosphate terminal and had freight rail access. Beneficials chief executive, Finn M. W. Caspersen envisioned transforming the island into a waterfront with offices, shops and restaurants. Today, the island consists of private residential areas, including high-rise condos, apartments, row houses, single-family homes and large houses. The TECO Streetcar In-Town trolley connects the island to Downtown and Channelside, nEVs also connect the island to other core neighborhoods such as Hyde Park. Bayshore Boulevard Channelside Davis Islands Downtown Tampa Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida
28.
Fort Brooke
–
Fort Brooke was a historical military post situated on the east bank of the Hillsborough River in present-day Tampa, Florida. The fort was established in 1824, soon after Florida was acquired by the United States from Spain and it was an important post during the Seminole Wars and of lesser importance during the United States Civil War. It was decommissioned in 1883, and the land was sold to private interests. Fort Brooke was located on what is now the end of downtown Tampa along the Garrison Channel. Unmapped army and Seminole cemeteries along with many artifacts were discovered during construction projects. The site was marked by a huge hickory tree atop an ancient Indian mound, in 1824, the post was officially rechristened Fort Brooke. Fort Brooke would serve as a major outpost on Floridas west coast during all three Seminole Indian Wars and the Civil War, the fort also played a part in the development of the village of Tampa. In October 1863, the small Civil War Battle of Fort Brooke was fought nearby, on May 6,1864, both Fort Brooke and Tampa were captured by Union forces. As Tampa languished during the 1870s and early 1880s, so did Fort Brooke, the last roll call of soldiers occurred in 1882 and the post was decommissioned by the U. S. Army in 1883. After the forts closure, most of the land was open to homesteaders, shortly after the post was decommissioned, Fort Brooke became an independent incorporated town in 1885. Fort Brooke was annexed by Tampa in 1907, tampa-Fort Brooke, a single census unit recorded by the U. S. Census Bureau in 1850. Sources Cantor Brown, Jr. Tampa Before the Civil War Steve Rajtar, A Guide to Historic Tampa History Time Line of Fort Brooke, From Tampa Bay History Center Brief Fort Brooke article
29.
TECO Line Streetcar System
–
It connects Downtown and Channelside to the historic Ybor City district. There is also an In-Town trolley-replica bus system that connects Downtown, Channelside, the line opened on October 19,2002, and is 2.7 mi long with 11 stations. The system is single-track with several passing sidings, which follows a reserved right-of-way at a cost of 13.7 million per mile. Ten replica historic streetcars and one restored historic streetcar are used on the line, the replica cars themselves cost $600,000 each. Tampas first electric streetcars were introduced in 1892, streetcars in Tampa reached their peak of popularity in the 1920s, with almost 24 million passengers carried in 1926. The first line shut down on August 4,1946, the first streetcar system used the Birney Safety Car and, probably, other streetcar types. Streetcars returned to Tampa in 2002, when the initial 2.4 mi long line was opened. In its first year of operation, the streetcar carried 420,000 riders, in 2005,434,498 passengers used the streetcar. In 2011, Streetcar ridership from October 2011 through May decreased by 8.3 percent to 265,148 with a total for the year of 358,737 riders, in 2015, the streetcar served 285,900 passengers. A new 0.333 mi extension, costing $5.5 million, the extension runs north along Franklin Street to Whiting Street and the Fort Brooke parking garage, connecting the Convention Center as well as the rest of the TECO Line to the downtown core. All except the original Birney were built by the Gomaco Trolley Company, the replica Birney cars have a welded steel body with cosmetic rivets added to make them look older. The cars are wheelchair-accessible, air-conditioned and have automated stop announcements, the seats are made of wood and are reversible for when the car changes direction. The cars are equipped with on-board ticket dispensers, however. The original Birney #163 streetcar ran on the Tampa & Ybor City Street Railway between 1923 and 1946 and it was found in 1991 in Sulphur Springs, a neighborhood in Tampa, where it had been used as an apartment and later a storage shed. After extensive restoration the car is back to its condition and is used for special events. It is Floridas only operational historic streetcar, the agency that operates the streetcar is a non-profit. On October 22,2014, the Tampa Bay Times published an editorial on the leverage a subsidy the Tampa Port Authority gives to the streetcar system, however it also wrote that the system is not dependent on the subsidy. They also reported that the system has to pay almost half a million dollars in insurance to cover the risk of crossing an active freight rail line
30.
Tampa City Hall
–
The Tampa City Hall is a historic site in Tampa, Florida, United States. It was designed by Bonfoey & Elliott and is located at 315 East John F. Kennedy Boulevard and it was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1981. On October 1,1974, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, in 2017, the building underwent a $16 million renovation. Floridas Office of Cultural and Historical Programs Hillsborough County listings Tampa City Hall Historic American Buildings Survey No, fL-338, Tampa City Hall,315 East Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL,16 photos,11 data pages,1 photo caption page
31.
Tampa Police Department
–
The Tampa Police Department provides crime prevention and public safety services for the city of Tampa, Florida. The Tampa Police Department has over 1000 authorized sworn law enforcement personnel positions and more than 350 civilian, Tampa’s first police force was quite small, with a Chief of Police replacing the City Marshall, aided by an Assistant Chief, a Sergeant and three mounted officers. But some key elements of a police force were instituted during that time. Standards for officer qualification were established based on merit and physical fitness, Two detective positions were also added during this period of time. The following year, on July 15,1887, the town of Tampa officially incorporated as a city, in 1913 the department created its first Identification Officer position. The officer assigned to the position used the Bertillion System of identification, the Bertillion System used a process of measuring body parts such as the nose, eyes and hands along with other characteristics to identify individuals. 1915 was a year as the department relocated to its new headquarters located at Florida Avenue. That same year Tampa saw the advent of a tool in local law enforcement. Tampa added an officer to the motored assignment who was both chauffeur and mechanic for the department, in 1936, with automotive thefts rising, the department added an Auto Theft Bureau to deal with this relatively new dilemma. Additional functions such as parking meter enforcement were added to the performed by the department along with an expanded role in traffic law enforcement. During the years from 1936 to 1961, the department underwent additional redeployments, but 1961 saw major developments in the department’s history. First and foremost was a move to a new building located on Tampa Street at Henderson Avenue. This facility would serve as headquarters until the department moved to its current building in 1997, the first floor of the two-story complex housed police operations while the second floor housed the city’s jail and administrative operations. A college training program was instituted that year with participating officers being given special consideration pertaining to work hours, the platoon deployment system was adopted giving equal numbers of officers to each platoon, which was rotated between day, evening and midnight shifts. The Police Athletic League was officially organized and one officer was assigned to it full-time to provide activities for Tampa’s youth. In 1962 the Criminal Intelligence Unit was organized and became responsible for developing and disseminating information to officers through special files. The Field Instructor system of training newly appointed police officers was established in 1965, initially, the Field Instructors were the corporals of the squads. Later they were each squad’s top performing and senior officers,1967 brought a new deployment of manpower with the abolition of the platoon system
32.
Florida Aquarium
–
The Florida Aquarium is a 501 not-for-profit organization, publicly operated institution located in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is a scale,250, 000-square-foot aquarium and is accredited by the Association of Zoos. This means they are a leader in conservation and education, supporting programs for wildlife and having an educational component in the forms of summer camps, school trips. The facility is home to more than 20,000 aquatic plants and animals from Florida, the facility is located in the Channel District of Downtown Tampa. The Florida Aquarium opened in March 1995 as a privately funded entity, on April 18,2012, the AIAs Florida Chapter placed the Florida Aquarium on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years. The Florida Aquarium was largely constructed using borrowed money amid inflated projections that high attendance, however, after the aquarium opened in March 1995, the number of visitors and tourists fell well below expectations. The aquarium fell into financial debt, in response to the crisis, the city of Tampa took over The Florida Aquariums mortgage and debt in 1999. Managers at the institution were forced to lay off or demote roughly one-third of the total staff. Jeff Swanagan became CEO of the Florida Aquarium in 1998 and is credited with turning around the troubled institution, Swanagan loosened the aquariums previous emphasis on science and Florida wildlife. He introduced several new exhibits featuring flora and fauna from other regions of the world to attract new, a sting ray was even nicknamed Roseanne Barb by a marketing department in an attempt to attract attention to the aquarium. Under Swanagan, The Florida Aquarium was able to return to financial stability, the aquarium was able to pay off approximately 3 million dollars in debt by 2002. He was also able to slash the annual subsidy provided to the aquarium from the city of Tampa from $1.1 million to 700,000 dollars, the number of visitors to the Florida Aquarium also rose during Swanagans tenure as CEO. Total yearly attendance rose from 545,000 visitors to a high of 620,000 in 2002. Jeff Swanagan departed The Florida Aquarium in 2002 to become the first president of Georgia Aquarium, thom Stork became President and CEO following Swanagans departure for Georgia and continued the financial successes of his predecessor. In 2005, under Stork, The Florida Aquarium added Explore A Shore, average time spent at the aquarium doubled and response to the new water adventure zone was excellent. In the fall of 2008, The Florida Aquarium took one of its four galleries, Sea Hunt, Ocean Commotion brought high technology into an Aquarium for the first time, using smart wi-fi that was location aware to transmit additional content and information directly to a guests smart phone. Following 11 consecutive years of stability and operating in the black. The Florida Aquariums exhibits are laid out to show the journey of a drop of water one of Floridas many fresh-water springs out to the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico
33.
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
–
The AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland. In October 1924, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums was formed as an affiliate of the American Institute of Park Executives, in 1966, the AAZPA became a professional branch affiliate of the newly formed National Recreation and Park Association. In January 1994, the shorter name American Zoo and Aquarium Association was adopted, in 1998, there were 134 million visits to North American zoos and aquariums. Ten years later, in 2008, there were 175 million visits to AZA-accredited zoos, the organization is active in institution accreditation, animal care initiatives, education and conservation programs, collaborative research and advocacy in order to achieve this goal. It serves as a body for zoos and aquariums and ensures that accredited facilities meet higher standards of animal care than are required by law. Institutions are evaluated every five years in order to ensure standards are met, the association also facilitates both Species Survival Plans and Population Management Plans, which serve to sustainably manage genetically diverse captive populations of various animal species. In addition, the association sponsors the scientific journal Zoo Biology, the association has established a computerized database called the Annual Report on Conservation and Science. It provides a model for a database to help track research projects worldwide. The database can be searched by key word, name of researcher, topic, country or region, name of institution, conservation program title, name of cooperating institution, type of research, or date. In 2000-2001, member institutions reported that they participated in over 2,230 conservation projects in 94 countries and they published 1,450 books, book chapters, journal articles, conference proceeding papers, posters and theses or dissertations. The publications can be searched using keywords, name of author, type of publication, institution name, or date. Depending on the animals they exhibit, the activities of zoos are regulated by laws including the Endangered Species Act, the Animal Welfare Act, additionally, zoos in North America may choose to pursue accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. They shall further be defined as having as their business the exhibition, conservation and preservation of the earths fauna in an educational. Inspection is performed by three experts and then reviewed by a panel of experts before accreditation is awarded. This accreditation process is repeated every five years. The AZA estimates that there are approximately 2,400 animal exhibits operating under USDA license as of February 2007, list of AZA member zoos and aquariums Official website
34.
Florida Museum of Photographic Arts
–
The Florida Museum of Photographic Arts occupies the 2nd and 3rd floors of the Cube, adjacent to Rivergate Tower in downtown Tampa, Florida. FMoPA is part of the Waterfront Arts District, along with the Tampa Museum of Art and Glazer Childrens Museum, in the spring of 2001, Cynthia L. Flowers put forward the idea of starting a photography museum in Tampa. Shortly thereafter, Charles J. Levin, Vincent Sorrentino and Cynthia L. Flowers established the Tampa Gallery of Photographic Arts, working in close cooperation with Madison Marquette, the owner of Old Hyde Park Village, exhibition space for the museum was secured. Masters of Black & White, the first show, consisted of 50 iconic black, with many of the early shows curated by Vincent Sorrentino, critical acclaim followed. Since its inception, the museum has qualified as an entity under the provisions of s.501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. In the fall of 2001, Ms. Flowers began the museum’s first children’s outreach program and it involved reaching children at the USF/Patel Partnership Elementary School located at the University of South Florida in Tampa. An annual reception for the children is held at the museum. In the summer of 2006, the museum was renamed the FLORIDA MUSEUM of PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTS, the exceptional location and exhibition space is a catalyst for community involvement and FMoPAs outreach programs. The photographic works in the permanent collection include an entire suite of Harold Edgertons landmark works using his invention. The female nude is represented in a work by Ruth Bernhard. Burk Uzzles iconic Woodstock scenes as well as Bud Lees unforgettable views of the 1960s and 1970s counterculture document important moments in American history. Zewadski, June 2008 Eyes of A Child, Summer Showcase, June 12 –28,2008 Graciela Iturbide, The Spirits of the Earth, September 18 - November 8,2008. Monday-Thursday 11,00 a. m. to 6,00 p. m. Friday 11,00 a. m. to 7,00 p. m. Saturday-Sunday 12,00 p. m. to 5,00 p. m. Admission to the museum is free for members and there is a suggested donation for non-members, students. |} Florida Museum of Photographic Arts website 12th Annual Members Show website
35.
Rivergate Tower
–
The Rivergate Tower is a 454 ft tall skyscraper in Tampa, Florida. With 31 floors, it is the sixth tallest building in Tampa, Rivergate Towers principal tenant is Sykes Enterprises, a publicly traded company that operates technical help and customer support centers internationally. The building was constructed in 1988 as headquarters for NCNB, a predecessor to Nations Bank, parking is provided in a two-story sub level structure with a total of 731 spaces. The building was constructed from 1986 to 1988, harry Wolf based its measurements on the Fibonacci series. In which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers and his design for Rivergate Tower was given the 1993 National Honor Award from the American Institute of Architects. The building is faced in French and Texas limestone, making it one of the tallest limestone structures in the world, the distinctive cylindrical shape was meant to symbolize a lighthouse and represent optimism. The building was purchased by In-Rel Properties in 2011, on April 18,2012, the American Institute of Architectss Florida Chapter placed the Rivergate Tower on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years. The Gulf of Mexico can be seen from the building, an adjacent cube-shaped building houses the Florida Museum of Photographic Arts along with a bank and a cafe. Just to the north of the tower is Curtis Hixon Waterfront Park, alternate names for the building include its address and the beer can. List of tallest buildings in Tampa Downtown Tampa In-Rel. com Rivergate information
36.
Glazer Children's Museum
–
The Glazer Childrens Museum is a childrens museum located in downtown Tampa, Florida, next to the Tampa Museum of Art and Curtis Hixon Park, alongside the Tampa Riverwalk. It is part of the Waterfront Arts District, the Glazer Children’s Museum promotes learning through hands-on, interactive play. Housed in a 53, 000-square-foot facility in downtown Tampa, the museum features 170 interactive exhibits in multiple themed areas, exhibits are designed to engage children in the process of discovery through play. Traveling exhibits occasionally supplement the permanent collection as well. These temporary exhibits are meant to create a level of engagement for visitors. The mission of Glazer Children’s Museum is to create learning environments where children play, discover, the Children’s Museum of Tampa, Inc. was founded in 1986 by dedicated community volunteers and with support of many private and public partners. The Children’s Museum of Tampa served children and families in the Tampa Bay Area for over two decades, from humble beginnings in a small storefront location, the museum provided exhibits that gave children a safe place to learn and play. In 1989, with support from the City of Tampa, the museum relocated next to the city zoo and this site operated under the name Kid City and consisted of a series of outdoor miniature buildings simulating a small town. From 1989 to 2003, Kid City was a space for the museum to provide curriculum centered on the value of community. Kid City served over 750,000 visitors from the Tampa Bay Area, in 2003, museum volunteers and staff began looking at the next step of expansion to meet the needs of its community. After a $22 million capital campaign to build the new building, in 2012, Glazer Childrens Museum was the recipient of WEDUs Be More Award for Outstanding Educational Outreach and the Tampa Downtown Partnership Urban Excellence Award. That year, it was recognized as the Tampa Bay Business Journal Arts Culture. KidsPort One of the museum’s most popular attractions, KidsPort is a water table where children can explore activities from navigating through a shipping channel to loading and unloading cargo. Children can imagine themselves as dockworkers or harbor pilots, and can move boats, build bridges, tug Boat Tots This exhibit provides tactile exploration in a safe and dedicated space for children under 3 and their caregivers. Children can explore a tug boat, play at fishing, or enjoy a story under an oak tree. Water’s Journey A35 foot tall climbing structure designed to educate children about the water cycle, Kids can pretend to be a water droplet making its way through the ecosystem and even encounter bugs and other animals. Cruise Ship Kids can pilot their own ship to exotic destinations, telemundo Tampa Exhibit Hall This hall houses the museum’s traveling exhibits. Traveling exhibits help keep the museum exciting, the museums goal is to create as many learning opportunities as possible, and traveling exhibits help ensure that
37.
Henry B. Plant Museum
–
Plant Museum is located in the south wing of Plant Hall on the University of Tampa’s campus, at 401 West Kennedy Boulevard. Plant Hall was formerly known as the Tampa Bay Hotel, which was a 511 room resort hotel opened on February 5,1891 by Henry B, Plant near the terminus of his rail line. The museums exhibits focus on Gilded Age tourism, the lifestyle of the hotels guests. It was designed by architect J. A, wood who also created the old Hillsborough County Courthouse and the Oglethorpe Hotel. The museum is open to the every day except Monday. During the Christmas holiday season, the hosts the annual Victorian Christmas Stroll. The entire building is a U. S. National Historic Landmark, on April 18,2012, the AIAs Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years. The Tampa Bay Hotel was built by railroad magnate Henry B, the construction cost over 3 million dollars. It was considered the premier hotel of the eight that Mr. Plant built to anchor his rail line, the hotel itself covers 6 acres and is a quarter-mile long. It was equipped with the first elevator ever installed in Florida, the elevator is still working today, making it one of the oldest continually operational elevators in the nation. The 511 rooms and suites were the first in Florida to have electric lights, most rooms also included private bathrooms, complete with a full-size tub. The price for a room ranged from $5.00 to $15.00 a night at a time when the hotel in Tampa charged $1.25 to $2.00. The poured-concrete, steel-reinforced structure of the building was advertised as fireproof, the grounds of the hotel spanned 150 acres and included a golf course, bowling alley, racetrack, casino and an indoor heated swimming pool. In all,21 buildings could be found on the hotels campus, the Moorish Revival architectural theme was selected by Mr. Plant because of its exotic appeal to the widely traveled Victorians who would be his primary customers. The hotel has six minarets, four cupolas, and three domes, in the early 90s, all were restored to their original stainless steel state. During its operating period from 1891 to 1930, the hotel housed thousands of guests, when the Spanish–American War broke out, Plant convinced the United States military to use his hotel as a base of operations. Generals and high-ranking officers stayed in its rooms to plan invasion strategies, colonel Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders also were at the hotel during this time. Roosevelt retained a suite, and during the day led his men in battle exercises on the property, other visitors of note during the hotel’s heyday were Sarah Bernhardt, Clara Barton, Stephen Crane, the Prince of Wales, Winston Churchill, Ignacy Paderewski
38.
Gilded Age
–
The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the portion of the Victorian era in Britain. It began as the US Reconstruction Era ended in 1877, the Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. As American wages were higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers. The rapid expansion of industrialization led to real wage growth of 60% between 1860 and 1890, spread across the ever-increasing labor force, the average annual wage per industrial worker rose from $380 in 1880 to $564 in 1890, a gain of 48%. Railroads were the growth industry, with the factory system, mining. Immigration from Europe and the eastern states led to the growth of the West. Labor unions became important in the rapidly growing industrial cities. Two major nationwide depressions—the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of 1893—interrupted growth, the South after the Civil War remained economically devastated, its economy became increasingly tied to cotton and tobacco production, which suffered from low prices. With the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877, African-American people in the South were stripped of political power, the political landscape was notable in that despite some corruption, turnout was very high and national elections saw two evenly matched parties. The dominant issues were cultural, and economic, with the rapid growth of cities, political machines increasingly took control of urban politics. In business, massive, powerful and wealthy trusts formed, unions crusaded for the 8-hour working day and the abolition of child labor, middle class reformers demanded civil service reform, prohibition, and womens suffrage. Local governments across the North and West built public schools chiefly at the elementary level, the numerous religious denominations were growing in membership and wealth, the Catholics moving to the largest totals. They all expanded their missionary activity to the world arena, Catholics and Lutherans set up parochial schools and the larger denominations set up numerous colleges, hospitals and charities. Many of the problems faced by society, especially the poor, the term Gilded age was applied to the era by historians in the 1920s, who took the term from one of Mark Twains lesser known novels, The Gilded Age, A Tale of Today. The book satirized the promised golden age after the American Civil War, in the 1920s and 30s Gilded Age became a designated period in American history, with the term applied to the post Civil War period up to 1900. For them, Gilded Age was a term used to describe a time of materialistic excesses combined with extreme poverty. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the portion of the Victorian era in Britain
39.
SS American Victory
–
SS American Victory is a Victory ship which saw brief service in the Pacific Theater of Operations during the waning months of World War II, Korean War from 1951-1954, and Vietnam War from 1967-1969. Built in June 1945, she carried ammunition and other cargo from U. S, west Coast ports to Southeast Asia, then ferried cargo, equipment and troops back to the U. S. after the war ended. She survived two typhoons, and one hurricane and she sailed across the world twice. American Victory spent half of the period between 1946 and 1966 chartered to commercial carriers and the half in two stints in U. S. reserve fleets. From 1966 to 1969 she delivered cargo to Southeast Asia in the Vietnam War, in April 1999, she was turned over to a preservation organization to serve as a museum ship. Today she is the feature of the American Victory Ship & Museum, also known as the American Victory Mariners Memorial & Museum Ship in Tampa. Named after American University in Washington, D. C. the ship was built at the California Shipbuilding Yard in Los Angeles, SS American Victory was at first assigned to the U. S. Army at Fort Mason, California. She was a United States Merchant Marine ship operated by the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines and she loaded up cargo at a few west coast ports and streamed to Manila in the Philippines. Manila had been liberated on March 3,1945 and was in need of supplies and she took her remaining cargo to Shanghai, China. In November of 1945, she sailed to Calcutta and Port Said, Egypt and she arrived in New York in January of 1946 and unloaded her cargo, having completed her around the world trip. At the end of the war she ferried cargo, equipment. Some of her Ports of call were, Trieste in Italy, Constanza in Romania, Piraeus in Greece and she was then laid up in the Hudson River Reserve Fleet until she was again chartered by commercial shipping lines, U. S. Navigation Company, during the Korean War from 1951 until January 1954 and this scheme was cancelled in February 1966 after only three conversions had been carried out. Had American Victory been converted, she would have been renamed USNS Carthage, American Victory was removed from the reserve fleet in 1966 and chartered to the Hudson Waterways Corporation, which used her to ferry military equipment to American forces in South Vietnam. She was deactivated again in October 1969 and placed in the James River Reserve Fleet in Virginia where she remained until 1985, American Victory was then renovated as part of a program to determine the efforts needed to reactivate mothballed Victory ships. In June, after $2.5 million USD had been spent to bring her up to operational condition. One of several World War II Victory ships due to be scrapped in the late 1990s and she arrived at Tampa, Florida under tow to begin her new life as a museum ship and memorial on 16 September 1999. Several rooms, such as the quarters and galley cold storage, have been restored and are decorated in original period memorabilia
40.
Victory ship
–
The Victory ship was a class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by North American shipyards during World War II to replace losses caused by German submarines. A total of 531 Victory ships were built, one of the first acts of the United States War Shipping Administration upon its formation in February 1942 was to commission the design of what came to be known as the Victory class. The design was an enhancement of the Liberty ship, which had successfully produced in extraordinary numbers. Victory ships were larger than Liberty ships,14 feet longer at 455 feet,6 feet wider at 62 ft. Displacement was up just under 1,000 tons, to 15,200, with a raised forecastle and a more sophisticated hull shape to help achieve the higher speed, they had a quite different appearance from Liberty ships. To make them vulnerable to U-boat attacks, Victory ships made 15 to 17 knots,4 to 6 knots faster than the Libertys. The extra speed was achieved through more modern, efficient engines, most used steam turbines, which had been in short supply earlier in the war and reserved for warships. All were oil-fired, but for a handful of Canadian vessels completed with both coal bunkers and oil tanks, another improvement was electrically powered auxiliary equipment, rather than steam-driven machinery. To prevent the hull fractures that a few Liberty ships developed and these were manned by United States Navy Armed Guard personnel. The VC2-S-AP5 Haskell-class attack transports were armed with the 5-inch stern gun, one quad 40 mm Bofors cannon, four dual 40 mm Bofors cannon, the Haskells were operated and crewed exclusively by U. S. Navy personnel. The Victory ship was noted for good proportion of cubic between holds for a ship of its day. A Victory ships cargo hold one, two and five hatches are a single rigged with a capacity of 70,400,76,700, and 69,500 bale cubic feet respectively. Victory ships hold three and four hatches are double rigged with a capacity of 136,100 and 100,300 bale cubic feet respectively. Victory ship have built in mast, booms and derrick cranes, the first vessel was SS United Victory launched at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation on 12 January 1944 and completed on 28 February 1944, making her maiden voyage a month later. American vessels frequently had a name incorporating the word Victory, the British and Canadians used Fort and Park respectively. Although initial deliveries were slow—only 15 had been delivered by May 1944—by the end of the war 531 had been constructed, because the Atlantic battle had been won by the time that the first of the Victory ships appeared none were sunk by U-boats. Three were sunk by Japanese kamikaze attack in April of 1945, many Victory ships were converted to troopship to bring US soldiers home at the end of World War II as part of Operation Magic Carpet. A total of 97 Victory ships were converted to carry up to 1,600 soldiers
41.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
42.
Tampa Bay History Center
–
Tampa Bay History Center is a history museum in Tampa, Florida. The museum is on the waterfront at 801 Old Water Street in Tampa’s Channelside District and it opened on January 17,2009. The History Center building is60,000 square feet with 25,000 square feet of exhibit space. The Tampa Bay History Center includes three floors of permanent and temporary exhibition space covering 12,000 years of Florida history, with a focus on Tampa Bay. The History Center has a store, classrooms, the Witt Research Center, a map gallery, an event hall. The History Center is one of the largest on the west coast of Florida and includes hands-on, kid-friendly activities, as well as cutting edge interactive exhibits and theaters. The Tampa Bay History Center is open daily from 10,00 a. m. until 5,00 p. m. Regular admission is $12.95 for adults, $10.95 for students, seniors, Hillsborough County was 14 times its present size when it was established by the Florida Territorial Legislature in 1834. Its boundaries included all or part of 24 present-day counties, stretching from Ocala to Lake Okeechobee, in the early 1880s, Tampa residents expressed concern that there was no organized effort to preserve and display local artifacts. In the January 19,1882, issue of The Sunland Tribune, no time should be lost in snatching the historical artifacts from the waste and death of oblivion. Fast forward 100 years,1986, The Hillsborough County Commission assembles a taskforce to explore the feasibility of creating a history museum. 1989, The History Museum of Tampa-Hillsborough County, Inc. a 5013 not-for-profit, is established by a group of citizens led by Tampa businessman J. Thomas Touchton. Mr. Touchton serves as Chairman of the Board of Trustees until 2000,1993, A small museum space opens in the Shoppes of Harbour Island, showcasing objects from the museum’s collection and from other local and statewide institutions. 1993, The History Museum of Tampa-Hillsborough County, Inc. officially changes its name to the Tampa Bay History Center,1995, The Hillsborough County Commission charges TBHC with the care, in perpetuity, of the County collection. 1998, The Hillsborough County Commission commits $17 million in Community Investment Tax funds toward the planning, february 2006, To complete the process of building the new museum, The Campaign to Create the Tampa Bay History Center Experience is authorized by the Board of Trustees. October 2007, Construction begins on the museums new 60, 000-square-foot home — Hillsborough Countys first publicly owned LEED Certified Green Building, march 2008, TBHC closes its museum space on Franklin Street to begin staging for the move into the new building. June 2008, The History Center receives word that it has awarded a $1-million challenge grant from the prestigious Kresge Foundation to help build the museum. To receive the grant, the History Center must complete its fundraising campaign by April 1,2009
43.
Amalie Arena
–
Amalie Arena is an arena in Tampa, Florida, that has been used for ice hockey, basketball, and arena football games, as well as concerts. It is home to the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League, the building was originally known as the Ice Palace. In September 2014, the arena was renamed Amalie Arena when the rights were transferred to Amalie Oil Company. The city of Tampa paid $86 million and the Tampa Bay Lightning paid $53 million for the venues construction and it opened in 1996 as the Ice Palace. Its first event was a performance by the Royal Hanneford Circus, the first hockey game was the Lightning hosting the New York Rangers, which the Lightning won 5–2. The arena was built as a new home for the Lightning, the two existing arenas in the region, Bayfront Arena in St. Petersburg and the Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds were too small for an NHL team. The Thunderdome, now Tropicana Field, is home to Major League Baseballs Tampa Bay Rays. The arena is owned by the Tampa Sports Authority, a partnership of the city of Tampa, the authority leases the arena back to the Lightning, who operate it. The current lease agreement ties the arena to the Lightning ownership, naming rights to the arena were sold to the then St. Petersburg Times, a daily newspaper which circulates throughout the Tampa Bay Area. A $35 million renovation was scheduled to be completed before the 2012 Republican National Convention, also in 2012, the Tampa Bay Times Forum installed a new video display board. The board is billed as the largest of its kind in North America and its two larger faces measure 28 ×50 feet, while its two smaller faces are 28 ×20 feet. In comparison, the old display board measured 16 ×28 feet on all sides. On September 3,2014, Lightning owner Jeff Vinik announced the renaming of the Forum to Amalie Arena after coming to an agreement with Amalie Oil Company, an oil company based in Tampa. The building played host to the 1999 NHL All-Star Game, the arena hosted four of the seven games during the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals, during which the Lightning defeated the Calgary Flames four games to three to win their first Stanley Cup. The Lightning also hosted games in the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals against the Chicago Blackhawks. The Arena also hosted ArenaBowl XII and ArenaBowl XVII, as well as the 2007 ACC Mens Basketball Tournament, the Arena hosted the 2008 NCAA Womens Division I Final Four Basketball Tournament on April 6–8. In 2009, the Arena hosted the Southeastern Conference Mens Basketball Tournament and they also hosted the 2015 NCAA Womens Division I Final Four, plus 2019. In 2009, Britney Spears performed at the Arena to a crowd during The Circus Starring Britney Spears
44.
Tampa Museum of Art
–
The Tampa Museum of Art is located in downtown Tampa, Florida. It exhibits modern and contemporary art, as well as Greek, Roman, the museum was founded in 1979 and debuted an award-winning new building in 2010 just north of its original site along Tampas Riverwalk on the banks of Hillsborough River. Since its inception, museum planners knew that the Tampa Museum of Arts original building was too small for its collection, proposals for expansion or relocation were the subject of discussion and controversy for years. The project proved too costly and perhaps unsafe in a hurricane, however, the museum board was unenthusiastic about the choices. As it turned out, converting the courthouse into usable museum space proved too expensive, the museum is integrated into the citys Riverwalk project in Curtis Hixon Park at the site of old Curtis Hixon Hall. A new home for the Tampa Childrens Museum was built next door. The old museum building had to be torn down to make way for the current one, in the interim, the Tampa Museum of Art was temporarily moved to the historic Centro Espanol building in West Tampa, which had been vacant for several years. The interior is more neutral, with mostly white surfaces and subdued lighting, the architect describes it as a frame for the display of art, an empty canvass to be filled with paintings, a beautiful but blank container to be completed by its contents. It includes a shop and an indoor/outdoor cafe. In 2010, the Tampa Museum of Art was chosen as a winner of an American Architecture Award by The Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design. Sea of Tranquility by Hans Op de Beeck No Limits, Janet Biggs Worlds Apart, Myth & History, Gods & Mortals, Heroes & Hybrids Realism, Selections From the Martin Z
45.
Straz Center for the Performing Arts
–
Center for the Performing Arts opened its doors as the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center, Tampa, Florida in July 1987 and has welcomed more than 10 million guests. The Straz Center is located downtown on a 9-acre site along the east bank of the Hillsborough River, as the second largest performing arts complex in the Southeastern United States, the 335, 000-square-foot venue provides an environment for a variety of events. It has a leading Broadway series and produces grand opera, as well as presenting a variety of concerts, performances,680,000 patrons attended 4,148 events during the 2007-2008 season. The performing arts complex consists of five theaters, a rehearsal hall, retail shops, on-site restaurants. The five individual theaters are Carol Morsani Hall, Ferguson Hall, the Jaeb Theater, the TECO Energy Foundation Theater (250 seats, with the Patel Conservatory, the Straz Center has added 45,000 square feet for its extensive education programs. During 2007/2008 the Conservatory served nearly 60,000 students with 2,948 classes, workshops, the centerpiece of the complex which seats over 2,600. The halls proscenium is 60 feet high with a depth of 55 feet. A 42-ton concert wall can be lowered for the orchestra and choral performances, the traditional horseshoe-shaped opera house has continental seating on four levels, orchestra, mezzanine, balcony and gallery. Excellent sight lines combine with acoustics, the 292-seat Robert and Lorena Jaeb Theater is named for the Jaebs, whose gift to the Capitol Fund Drive in 1985 helped establish the endowment fund for the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center. The Jaeb Theaters stage is 40 feet wide by 20 feet deep, the audience area can be configured to stadium or cabaret seating for plays or cabaret shows, as well as recording sessions, television productions, seminars and business meetings. The 3, 500-square-foot TECO Energy Foundation Theater dominates the west end of the first floor of the Patel Conservatory, the room is two stories of open space with glass walls and windows on two sides. Blackout curtains convert the space into a performance space. There is no permanent stage and all furnishings are portable for flexibility and this specially-designed, flexible black-box theater allows for varied configurations of traditional or three quarter seating, as required by the production. Annual events include the Broadway Ball, Best of Tampa Bay, Eggstravaganza, the venue also is the annual host of the Broadway Theater Project and International Thespian Society’s Florida State Thespian Festival
