1.
Jack Webb
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John Randolph Jack Webb, also known by the pen name John Randolph, was an American actor, television producer, director, and screenwriter, who is most famous for his role as Sgt. Joe Friday in the Dragnet franchise and he was also the founder of his own production company, Mark VII Limited. Webb was born in Santa Monica, California on Good Friday 1920, son of Samuel Chester Webb and he grew up in the Bunker Hill section of Los Angeles. His father left home before Webb was born, and Webb never knew him and he was raised a Roman Catholic by his Irish and Native American mother. One of the tenants in his mothers boarding house was an ex-jazzman and began Webbs lifelong interest in jazz by giving him a recording of Bix Beiderbeckes At the Jazz Band Ball. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Webb lived in the parish of Our Lady of Loretto Church and attended Our Lady of Loretto Elementary School in Echo Park, where he served as an altar boy. He then attended Belmont High School, near downtown Los Angeles and later, St. Johns University, Minnesota, in Belmont High, Webb was a student body president. He wrote to the student body in the 1938 edition of its yearbook, Campanile, You who showed me the magnificent warmth of friendship which I know, during World War II, Webb enlisted in the United States Army Air Force, but he washed out of flight training. He later received a discharge, since he was the primary financial support for both his mother and grandmother. Following his discharge, he moved to San Francisco, where a shortage of announcers led to a temporary appointment to his own radio show on ABCs KGO Radio. The Jack Webb Show was a comedy that had a limited run on ABC radio in 1946. Prior to that, he had a program, One Out of Seven. By 1949, he had abandoned comedy for drama, and starred in Pat Novak for Hire, a radio show originating from KFRC about a man who worked as an unlicensed private detective. Pat Novak was notable for writing that imitated the style of such writers as Raymond Chandler, with lines such as. Her voice was hot and sticky--like a furnace full of marshmallows, Webbs radio shows included Johnny Madero, Pier 23, Jeff Regan, Investigator, Murder and Mr. Malone, Pete Kellys Blues, and One Out of Seven. Webb provided all of the voices on One Out of Seven, often vigorously attacking racial prejudice, Webbs most famous motion-picture role was as the combat-hardened Marine Corps drill instructor at Parris Island in the 1957 film The D. I. with Don Dubbins as a callow Marine private. Webbs hard-nosed approach to this role, that of Drill Instructor Gunnery Sergeant James Moore, but The D. I. was a box-office failure. Webb had a role as a crime lab technician in the 1948 film He Walked by Night
2.
Barton Yarborough
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William Barton Yarborough was an American actor who worked extensively in radio drama, primarily on the NBC Radio Network. He is famous for his roles in the Carlton E. Morse productions I Love a Mystery, where he played Doc Long, and One Mans Family, in addition, Yarborough spent three years as Sgt. Ben Romero on Jack Webbs Dragnet and he was born in Goldthwaite, Texas. As a youth, Yarborough ran away home, attracted by the vaudeville stages. He attended college at the University of Nevada, Reno, and the University of Southern California and he worked in New York, and was a member of the Eva Le Gallienne Civic Repertoire in New York City. Yarboroughs NBC radio debut was in 1930, broadcasting from San Francisco and he married radio actress Barbara Jo Allen. They had a daughter, Joan, and divorced shortly after in 1931 and he married again in 1949, to Janet Warren. In 1932, Yarborough began a run as Clifford Barbour on the radio serial One Mans Family. Yarborough was probably best known for his roles as Doc Long in the West Coast cast of Carlton E. Morses I Love a Mystery and Sergeant Ben Romero, Joe Fridays original partner, on Dragnet. Yarboroughs other radio work includes the role of Skip Turner in Adventures by Morse, Yarborough appeared as Doc Long in three feature films for Columbia Pictures, based on the radio series I Love a Mystery, I Love a Mystery in 1945, The Devils Mask and The Unknown. He started work on the Dragnet television series in 1951, however, the day after he filmed the second episode, he suffered a heart attack, and died four days later at age 51. After his death, his One Mans Family character was dropped without explanation while his death was worked into Dragnet as Ben Romero who suffered the same fate, the Devils Mask Barton Yarborough at the Internet Movie Database Barton Yarborough at Find a Grave OTR Database
3.
Ben Alexander (actor)
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Nicholas Benton Ben Alexander III was an American motion picture actor, who started out as a child actor in 1916. He is best remembered for his role as Officer Frank Smith in the Dragnet franchise, Ben Alexander was born in Goldfield, Nevada, and raised in California. Alexander made his debut at age of five in Every Pearl a Tear. He went on to portray Lillian Gishs young brother in D. W. Griffiths Hearts of the World, Alexander played leads and second leads in many low-budget films throughout the 1930s. He found a new career as a radio announcer in the late 1940s, including a stint on the Martin. Alexander also acted on radio, playing Philip West in the 1939-40 soap opera Brenthouse on the Blue Network, in 1952, Jack Webb, actor-producer-director of Dragnet, needed a replacement for Barton Yarborough, who had played Detective Romero opposite Webbs Sgt. Webb selected Alexander, but had to wait until he was available, a few actors filled in as Fridays partners until Alexander appeared in the newly created role of Officer Frank Smith, first in the radio series, then reprised the role in film and on television. The popular series ran until 1959, when Webb revived it in 1966, he wanted Alexander to rejoin him, but Alexander had just signed to play the role of Sgt. Dan Briggs on the weekly ABC series Felony Squad, in 1969, Alexander was found dead in his home of natural causes when his wife and children returned home from a camping trip. For his contribution to the entertainment industry, Ben Alexander has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for television, radio, and movies, in the mid-1950s, Ben Alexanders Dream House Motel was on Cahuenga Blvd. in Hollywood. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Alexander ran a talent show for people out of Oakland. The Ben Alexander Talent Show was broadcast on Oaklands KTVU TV and his son Nicholas Benton Alexander IV started one of the first BMW dealerships in the U. S. currently operated by his son Nicholas Benton Alexander V. The Joseph Cotten Show, also known as On Trial The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford Dragnet Take A Good Look About Faces Batman Felony Squad Judd, for the Defense Dragnet Hayde and my Names Friday, The Unauthorized but True Story of Dragnet. The Moving Picture Boy, An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell,1996, child and Youth Actors, Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914-1985. Ben Alexander at the Internet Movie Database Ben Alexander at AllMovie Ben Alexander at Find a Grave
4.
Harry Morgan
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Harry Morgan was an American actor and director whose television and film career spanned six decades. Morgan appeared in more than 100 films, Morgan was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1915, the son of Hannah and Henry Bratsberg, who were of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry. In his interview with the Archive of American Television, Morgan spelled his Norwegian family surname as Bratsberg, many sources, however, including some family records, list the spelling as Bratsburg. According to one source, when Morgans father Henry registered at junior high school, Morgan was raised in Muskegon, Michigan, and graduated from Muskegon High School in 1933, where he achieved distinction as a statewide debating champion. He originally aspired to a J. D. degree, and he began acting on stage under his birth name, in 1937, joining the Group Theatre in New York City formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford, and Lee Strasberg in 1931. Morgan also did summer stock at the Pine Brook Country Club located in the countryside of Nichols, Morgan made his screen debut in the 1942 movie To the Shores of Tripoli. His screen name later became Henry Harry Morgan and eventually Harry Morgan, in the same year, Morgan appeared in the movie Orchestra Wives as a young man pushing his way to the front of a ballroom crowd with his date to hear Glenn Millers band play. A few years later, still credited as Henry Morgan, he was cast in the role of pianist Chummy MacGregor in the 1954 biopic The Glenn Miller Story. In his later career, he appeared in Inherit the Wind, How the West Was Won, John Goldfarb, Please Come Home, Frankie and Johnny, The Flim Flam Man. Snowball Express, The Shootist, The Wild Wild West Revisited, Morgan hosted the NBC radio series Mystery in the Air starring Peter Lorre in 1947. On CBS, he played Pete Porter in Pete and Gladys, Pete and Gladys was a spin-off of December Bride, starring Spring Byington, a show in which Morgan had a popular recurring role. In 1950, Morgan appeared as an obtrusive, alcohol-addled hotel clerk in the Dragnet radio episode The Big Boys and that same year, he played the mobster Bugs Moran in an episode of ABCs The Untouchables, with Robert Stack. In 1963, he was cast as Sheriff Ernie Backwater on Richard Boones Have Gun - Will Travel Western series on CBS, in the 1964–1965 season, Morgan co-starred as Seldom Jackson in the 26-week NBC comedy/drama Kentucky Jones, starring Dennis Weaver, formerly of Gunsmoke. Morgan is even more widely recognized as Officer Bill Gannon, Joe Fridays partner in the version of Dragnet. Morgan later worked on two shows for Webb, 1971s The D. A. and the 1972–1974 Western series. Morgan also appeared in at least one episode of Gunsmoke, the following season, Morgan joined the cast of M*A*S*H as Colonel Sherman T. Potter. A fan of the sitcom, Morgan replaced McLean Stevenson, who left the show at the end of the previous season, unlike Stevensons character Henry Blake, Potter was a career Army officer who was a firm yet good-humored, caring father figure to those under his command. In 1980, Morgan won an Emmy award for his performance on M*A*S*H, when asked if he was a better actor after working with the shows talented cast, Morgan responded, I dont know about that, but its made me a better human being
5.
George Fenneman
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George Watt Fenneman was an American radio and television announcer. Fenneman was born in Peking, China, the child of American parents in the import-export business. He was nine months old when his parents moved to San Francisco, California, in 1942 he graduated from San Francisco State College with a degree in speech and drama, and took a job as an announcer with a local radio station. During the Second World War he worked as a broadcast correspondent for the U. S. Office of War Information, in 1946 he moved to Los Angeles and resumed his radio career. Fennemans mellifluous voice, clean-cut good looks, and gentlemanly manner provided the ideal foil for Marxs zany antics, Fenneman was a resilient target of Marxs frequent mispronunciations of his name and other light-hearted teasing. Groucho called the male Margaret Dumont, according to Frank Ferrante, george took it as the highest praise. Groucho called him the straight man. Fenneman remained friends with Marx until the death in 1977. It was Fennemans voice which announced, The story you are about to see is true, the names have been changed to protect the innocent. While Stephenson would be heard at the end of the episode describing the court trials and he was also the principal commercial announcer for the radio version of Gunsmoke, and frequently introduced Matt Dillon after the episode to extoll the virtues of L&M or Chesterfield cigarettes. He and his wife were neighbors of The Thing from Another Worlds director, a spontaneous on-set script revision convinced Fenneman his future was not in movie acting. Producer Howard Hawks took a long scientific speech away from Robert O. Cornthwaites character Dr. Carrington, as a radio performer accustomed to reading from a script and not used to quick memorization, Fenneman stumbled over the technical gobbledegook, resulting in 27 takes of the scene. In the final film, viewers can see the other actors trying not to smile as Fenneman spouts the lines and he also appeared in an obscure film, Mystery Lake. He avoided on-screen performances thereafter, except as himself, mostly in documentaries, in 1966 he appeared in episode 48 of Batman as a newsman. Fenneman also hosted two shows, Anybody Can Play in 1958, and Your Surprise Package in 1961. In 1966 he hosted two pilots for Crossword, a show that would be renamed The Cross-Wits in 1975. He also was the voiceover artist for Home Savings & Loan commercials from the late 1960s to the end of his life, in 1963 he hosted an ABC Television program called Your Funny, Funny Films, a precursor to Americas Funniest Home Videos. He hosted Talk About Pictures on PBS from 1978-1982 and his last credit was as narrator of The Naked Monster, released posthumously in 2005
6.
The Killers (1946 film)
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The Killers is a 1946 American film noir directed by Robert Siodmak and based in part on the short story of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. It stars Burt Lancaster in his debut, Ava Gardner, Edmond OBrien. The film also features William Conrad in his first credited role, an uncredited John Huston and Richard Brooks co-wrote the screenplay, which was credited to Anthony Veiller. In 2008, The Killers was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, two hitmen, Max and Al, come to a small town to kill Ole the Swede Andreson. The Swedes coworker at a gas station warns him but, strangely, he makes no attempt to flee, life insurance investigator Jim Reardon is assigned to find and pay the beneficiary of his policy. Tracking down and interviewing the dead friends and associates, Reardon doggedly pieces together his story. Police Lieutenant Sam Lubinsky, a close, longtime friend of the Swede, is particularly helpful, through flashbacks, it is revealed that the Swede was a professional boxer whose career was cut short by an injury to his right hand. Rejecting Lubinskys suggestion to join the force, the Swede gets mixed up with a bad crowd. He drops his girlfriend Lily for the more glamorous Kitty Collins, when Lubinsky catches Kitty wearing stolen jewelry, the Swede confesses to the crime and serves three years in prison. When the Swede gets out, he, Dum Dum Clarke, complicating matters is the fact that Kitty is now Big Jims girl. The robbery nets the gang $250,000, when their rendezvous place burns down, all of the gang members but the Swede are notified of where to meet. Kitty then informs him that he is being double-crossed, the Swede takes all of the money at gunpoint and flees. Kitty meets him later in Atlantic City, then disappears with the money, back in the present, Reardon watches the boarding house where Ole lived. Sure enough, Dum Dum shows up, searching for a clue as to the whereabouts of the loot, Reardon gets some information from the robber, but Dum Dum gets away before the police can arrest him. When Reardon gets confirmation of one particular detail, he is certain he knows what happened and he goes to see Big Jim, now a very successful building contractor. Reardon lies, telling Big Jim that he has evidence to convict Kitty. He suggests that Kitty contact him and she agrees to meet him, and they go to a nightclub at her suggestion. However, after she goes to the room, Max and Al show up
7.
Frank Comstock
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Frank G. Comstock was an American composer, arranger, conductor and trombonist. For television, Comstock wrote and arranged music for major situation comedies and variety shows, his theme and incidental music for Rocky, additionally, his music for Adam-12 earned him a 1971 Emmy nomination. Comstocks recording credits include eight Hi-Los albums and backing arrangements for major recording stars and his 1962 instrumental album, Project, Comstock - Music from Outer Space became a classic and was released on CD in 2004. Recently, Comstock wrote new arrangements for Brian Setzers Wolfgangs Big Night Out. He started his career in the dance bands of Sonny Dunham and Benny Carter. When dance bands fell out of favor after World War II, Comstock, Comstock had no formal training other than a few trombone lessons, and his junior high school music teacher helped him write his first arrangements for the school dance band. While still in school, Comstock sold arrangements to local San Diego dance bands. After graduation, Comstocks high school friend, the late trumpeter Uan Rasey, Dunham hired Comstock on Uans recommendation. When Sonny Dunhams band folded, Dunhams manager recommended Comstock to Benny Carter, Carter, a musician and arranger himself, soon delegated arrangement-related chores to Comstock. In 1943, Comstocks reputation led to a position with Les Brown and His Band of Renown. Comstock formally left the Brown band in 1947, but he continued to arrange for Les Brown until Browns death in 2001, Doris Day and Frank Comstock began a lifelong friendship while working together in Les Browns band. Day spoke about Comstock in John Tumpaks book When Swing Was the Thing, Personality Profiles of the Big Band Era, From day one in Les Browns band, Years and years have passed but Frank and I talk on the phone and laugh a lot. More often than not, we talk about the Les Brown days, Day left Browns band in 1946 to pursue a radio and recording career. A few months after settling in Hollywood, Day told Comstock of the opportunities in radio, movies. Comstock soon left the Les Brown band to provide arrangements for Doris first radio gigs, Your Hit Parade, comstock’s arrangements for Doris Days Warner Brothers screen tests led to a staff arranger/orchestrator position at Warners. After joining the Warner Brothers staff in 1947 as a freelance arranger/orchestrator/conductor, at first, he arranged individual dance numbers for musicals, but he soon began orchestrating and conducting music for major movies. At the peak of his career, Comstock had a major role in orchestrating the music for Calamity Jane, The Music Man, Finians Rainbow. Even so, Comstocks work for Warner Brothers was notable enough to garner credits for many of his movies, gus Levine and Frank Comstock shared the orchestration work for The Music Man, Finians Rainbow, and other major films
8.
Mark VII Limited
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Mark VII Limited was the production company of actor, producer, and director Jack Webb, and was active from 1951 to Webbs death in 1982. Many of its series were produced in association with Universal Television, the Jack Webb estate now owns the rights to the library, with the exception of the original 1954 feature film version of Dragnet, and the films Pete Kellys Blues and The D. I. However, Webbs three seminal series, Dragnet, Emergency, and Adam-12, are now available on DVD from either Universal or Shout. Factory, the first two under license from the Webb estate, the latter in-house since Universal was reassigned the Adam-12 series copyright, the Me-TV and Antenna TV Television Networks also air episodes of the Mark VII Limited shows. All series aired on NBC except as noted. Dragnet, 1951–1959 Noahs Ark, 1956–1957 The D. A. s Man,1959 Pete Kellys Blues,1959 GE True Dragnet, 1967–1970 Adam-12, 1968–1975 The D. A. 1971–1972 OHara, U. S. Treasury, 1971–1972 Emergency. 1972–1977 Hec Ramsey, 1972–1974 Escape,1973 Chase, 1973–1974 Sierra,1974 Mobile One,1975 Little Mo,1978 Project U. F. O. 1978–1979 Sam,1978 Mark VIIs final production was The 25th Man, Mark VII Limited had a famous production logo attached to the end of its productions. The logo, in use in one form or another for much of the existence, consisted of Jack Webbs hands holding a hammer. As a timpani roll played, he struck two blows on the stamp and then moved his hands to reveal the Roman numeral VII indented into the sheet, the origin of the name Mark VII is obscure. One source said the name meant nothing, and that it was made up over one day. Others say Webb just liked the look of the roman numerals, the Mark VII Limited logo was also spoofed at the end the 1954 Woody Woodpecker cartoon Under The Counter Spy. In this spoof, the man hits his thumb with the hammer. The mans voice was supplied by Daws Butler, filmmaker Spike Lee uses an homage to this famous logo in the logo for his own production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks. In addition the sound of the hammer striking the stamp was used in the intro to the WWE Entrance music of wrestler Greg The Hammer Valentine, williams Street Mark VII Limited at the Internet Movie Database
9.
Universal Television
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Universal Television is the television production subsidiary of the NBCUniversal Television Group and, by extension, the production arm of the NBC television network. It was formerly known as Revue Studios, MCA/Universal, NBC Studios, NBC Universal Television Studio, both NBC Studios and Universal Network Television are predecessors of Universal Media Studios. Revue Productions was founded in 1943 by MCA to produce live radio shows, Revue was re-launched as MCAs television production subsidiary in 1950. The partnership of NBC and Revue extends as far back as September 6,1950, with the television broadcast of Armour Theatre, MCA bought the Universal Studios lot in 1958 and was renamed Revue Studios. Following its merger with Decca Records, the then-parent of Universal Pictures, during the early years of television, Revue was responsible for producing and/or distributing many television classics. The most noteworthy included Leave It to Beaver, which ran for one season on CBS before going to ABC from 1958 until 1963. It produced Bachelor Father, for Bachelor Productions, Edmond OBriens syndicated crime drama Johnny Midnight, another of its offerings was the 52-episode Crusader, the first Brian Keith series, which ran on CBS 1955–1956. Also McHales Navy was produced by Revue from 1962 to 1966, in December 1958 MCA/Revue purchased Universal Studioss 367 acre backlot to produce television series, then leased it back to Universal for a million dollars a year for a decade. Wagon Train was the only Revue-produced TV show ever to finish an American television season in first place, NBC Productions was founded in 1947 by RCA. In 1996, the company was renamed NBC Studios, in 2004, NBC Studios was merged with Universal Network Television to form NBC Universal Television Studio. MCA TV was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCAs purchase of the US branch of Decca Records, for more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. MCA Television and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, as a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service. MCA Television Entertainment was formed in 1987 and it primarily dealt with made-for-TV movies and series like Dream On that were made for cable networks like HBO. Like MCA TV, in 1996 it was renamed Universal Television Entertainment, EMKA, Ltd. is the holding company responsible for a majority of the pre-1950 Paramount Pictures sound library. As an official part of the Universal Pictures library, they are part of the television unit. The first incarnation of Universal Television was reincorporated from Revue Productions in 1966,4 years after MCA bought Universal Pictures, uni TV also co-produced many shows with Jack Webbs Mark VII Limited such as Emergency. Adam-12 and a revival of the 1951 series Dragnet. I, which received critical acclaim and several TV movie spin-offs after their cancellations. In 1990, MCA/Uni TV began the Law & Order franchise, in 1996, MCA was reincorporated as Universal Studios
10.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
11.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
12.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
13.
Joe Friday
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Detective Sergeant Joseph Joe Friday is a fictional character was created by Jack Webb as the lead for his series Dragnet. Friday is portrayed as a detective in the Los Angeles Police Department, the character first appeared on June 3,1949 in the premiere of the NBC radio drama that launched the series. Over the earlier run of the series, Friday was partnered with Sgt, ed Jacobs, and then Officer Frank Smith. For the 1960s revival, Fridays partner was Officer Bill Gannon, during the 1958–59 season, Friday was promoted to Lieutenant. Friday narrated every story, providing details of what went down and he had several bits of consistent dialogue that remained throughout the series, the opening narration, This is the city, Los Angeles, California, I work here. Im a cop and the introduction of the storys plot (It was, it was in Los Angeles, a common misattributed catchphrase to Friday is Just the facts, maam. In fact, Friday never actually said this in an episode, in the 1968 episode The Shooting Board, Joe Friday states that in his 12-year career as a police officer he had only had to take his pistol out of his holster three times. Fridays personal life was simple, he was an Army veteran, a bachelor, and a chain smoker, later, he lived by himself in an apartment. His partner Bill Gannon was a member of the American Legion, his wifes name was Eileen and he also had pets, including a dog, a cat, and a parakeet. Unlike Friday, who had a regulation.38 snub-nose version Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver, Dragnet used Joe Fridays police badge, with the numbers 714, as its title logo. It has been suggested that Jack Webb wanted badge 714 because he was a big fan of Babe Ruth, who slugged 714 home runs in his career, however, in My Names Friday, the book-length history of Dragnet by TV commentator Michael J. The 714 badge that Friday carried as a lieutenant during the season of the 1951-59 series was ultimately used in real life by LAPD officer Dan Cooke. As a sergeant, Cooke had been assigned to be the LAPDs liaison with Webb during the production of the 1967-70 series. Just before filming started on the TV-movie that became the pilot for the revived series, however, Webb informed Cooke that he wanted Friday to be a sergeant in the revived series, and, consequently, would not need the lieutenants badge from the original show. Cooke put the unused badge in a drawer and forgot about it. Years later, after being promoted to lieutenant himself, Cooke found the badge, when Webb died in 1982, LAPD Chief Darryl Gates officially retired shield number 714. Dragnet and spinoff Adam-12 were the television shows to use real LAPD badges. In the shows heyday, people would visit the LAPD asking to speak to Sgt
14.
Brass instrument
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A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the players lips. Brass instruments are also called labrosones, literally meaning lip-vibrated instruments, there are several factors involved in producing different pitches on a brass instrument. The view of most scholars is that the brass instrument should be defined by the way the sound is made, as above. Thus one finds brass instruments made of wood, like the alphorn, the cornett, the serpent, as valved instruments are predominant among the brasses today, a more thorough discussion of their workings can be found below. The valves are usually piston valves, but can be rotary valves, slide brass instruments use a slide to change the length of tubing. The main instruments in this category are the family, though valve trombones are occasionally used. The trombone familys ancestor, the sackbut, and the folk instrument bazooka are also in the slide family, there are two other families that have, in general, become functionally obsolete for practical purposes. Instruments of both types, however, are used for period-instrument performances of Baroque or Classical pieces. In more modern compositions, they are used for their intonation or tone color. Natural brass instruments only play notes in the harmonic series. These include the bugle and older variants of the trumpet and horn, the trumpet was a natural brass instrument prior to about 1795, and the horn before about 1820. In the 18th century, makers developed interchangeable crooks of different lengths, natural instruments are still played for period performances and some ceremonial functions, and are occasionally found in more modern scores, such as those by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. Keyed or Fingered brass instruments used holes along the body of the instrument and these included the cornett, serpent, ophicleide, keyed bugle and keyed trumpet. They are more difficult to play than valved instruments, Brass instruments may also be characterised by two generalizations about geometry of the bore, that is, the tubing between the mouthpiece and the flaring of the tubing into the bell. Those two generalizations are with regard to the degree of taper or conicity of the bore and the diameter of the bore with respect to its length, cylindrical bore brass instruments are generally perceived as having a brighter, more penetrating tone quality compared to conical bore brass instruments. The trumpet, baritone horn and all trombones are cylindrical bore, in particular, the slide design of the trombone necessitates this. Conical bore brass instruments are those in which tubing of constantly increasing diameter predominates, conical bore instruments are generally perceived as having a more mellow tone quality than the cylindrical bore brass instruments. The British brass band group of instruments fall into this category and this includes the flugelhorn, cornet, tenor horn, horn, euphonium and tuba
15.
Timpani
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Timpani, or kettledrums, are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionally made of copper and they are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick called a timpani stick or timpani mallet. Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple of the orchestra by the last third of the 18th century. Today, they are used in many types of ensembles, including concert bands, marching bands, orchestras. Timpani is an Italian plural, the singular of which is timpano and they are also often incorrectly termed timpanis. A musician who plays the timpani is a timpanist, alternative spellings with y in place of either or both is—tympani, tympany, or timpany—are occasionally encountered in older English texts. Although the word timpani has been adopted in the English language. The German word for timpani is Pauken, the French and Spanish is timbales, the Ashanti pair of talking drums are known as atumpan. The tympanum is defined in the Etymologiae of St. Isidore of Seville, est enim pars media symphoniae in similitudinem cribri. Tympanum autem dictum quod medium est, unde, et margaritum medium tympanum dicitur, et ipsum ut symphonia ad virgulam percutitur. The tympanum is skin or hide stretched over a wooden vessel which extends out. It is said by the symphonias to resemble a sieve, but has also likened to half a pearl. It is struck with a wand, beating time for the symphonia, the reference comparing the tympanum to half a pearl is borrowed from Pliny the Elder. The basic timpani drum consists of a drumhead stretched across the opening of a bowl made of copper or, in less expensive models, fiberglass. In the Sachs–Hornbostel classification, the timpani are thus considered membranophones, the heads tension can be adjusted by loosening or tightening the rods. Most timpani have six to eight tension rods, the shape of the bowl contributes to the quality of the drum. For example, hemispheric bowls produce brighter tones while parabolic bowls produce darker tones, another factor that affects the timbre of the drum is the quality of the bowls surface. Copper bowls may have a smooth, machined surface or a surface with many small dents hammered into it
16.
Parody
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A parody is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, parody … is imitation, another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, animation, gaming, the writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche and burlesque. According to Aristotle, Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody, in ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para beside, counter, against, Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an imitation that is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation turned as to produce a ridiculous effect, because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule. Old Comedy contained parody, even the gods could be made fun of, the Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a Glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neoclassical literature, parody was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another to produce a humorous effect, the Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. In classical music, as a term, parody refers to a reworking of one kind of composition into another. The term is sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period. The musicological definition of the parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into a different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the style of a composer or artist. For example, The Ritz Roll and Rock, a song and dance performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings, parodies the Rock. Conversely, while the work of Weird Al Yankovic is based on particular popular songs. The first usage of the parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598, A Parodie. The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, in the 20th century, parody has been heightened as the central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation
17.
Dragnet (radio series)
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Dragnet is an American radio series, enacting the cases of a dedicated Los Angeles police detective, Sergeant Joe Friday, and his partners. The show takes its name from the police dragnet, meaning a system of coordinated measures for apprehending criminals or suspects. Dragnet is perhaps the most famous and influential police procedural drama in media history, the series gave audience members a feel for the boredom and drudgery, as well as the danger and heroism, of police work. Dragnet earned praise for improving the public opinion of police officers, actor and producer Jack Webbs aims in Dragnet were for realism and unpretentious acting. He achieved both goals, and Dragnet remains a key influence on subsequent police dramas in many media, another Dragnet trademark is the shows opening narration, Ladies and gentlemen, the story you are about to hear is true. Only the names have changed to protect the innocent. This underwent minor revisions over time, the only and ladies and gentlemen were dropped at some point. Variations on this narration have been featured in subsequent crime dramas, the radio series was the first entry in a Dragnet media franchise encompassing film, television, books and comics. Dragnet was created and produced by Jack Webb, who starred as stoic Sergeant Joe Friday, Webb had starred in a few mostly short-lived radio programs, and Dragnet would make him a major media personality in his era. The film was depicted in semidocumentary style, and Marty Wynn was an advisor on the film. When he proposed Dragnet to NBC officials, they were not especially impressed, radio was aswarm with private investigators and crime dramas, such as Webbs earlier Pat Novak for Hire. That program didn’t last long, but Webb received high marks for his role as the private investigator. The official response was lukewarm, but in 1949 LAPD Chief Clemence B. Horrall gave Webb the endorsement he sought, Police wanted control over the programs sponsor, and insisted that police not be depicted unflatteringly. This would lead to criticism, as less flattering departmental aspects, the early months were bumpy, as Webb and company worked out the format and eventually grew somewhat comfortable with their characters. Gradually, Fridays deadpan, fast-talking persona emerged, described by John Dunning as a cop, tough but not hard, conservative. Fridays first partner was Sergeant Ben Romero, portrayed by Barton Yarborough, raymond Burr was on board to play the Chief of Detectives. When Dragnet hit its stride, it was one of radios top-rated shows, Webb insisted on realism in the show
18.
Dragnet (1951 TV series)
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Dragnet —titled as Badge 714 in syndication— is an American television series, based on the radio series of the same name. Both shows take their name from the police dragnet, meaning a system of coordinated measures for apprehending criminals or suspects. The show starred Jack Webb reprising his role as Sgt, joe Friday, and his partners, including Ben Alexander as Officer Frank Smith. The ominous, four-note introduction to the brass and tympani theme music, after its success on radio, Dragnet was popular enough to move to television. More important was that it brought continuity between the television and radio series, using the same devices and many of the same actors. After the break the camera faded in for what was presumably the perpetrators mug shot, consisting of him/her standing uncomfortably against the wall, the 1950s Dragnet episodes in black-and-white differ significantly from the 1960s Dragnet episodes in color. The earlier series took an approach, with Sgt. Friday and the police force often encountering the seamy side of Los Angeles, with a succession of callous fugitives, desperate gunmen, slippery swindlers. Most of the cast members were veteran radio actors who could be relied upon to read the matter-of-fact dialogue naturally, Webb staged each story with newsreel-like authenticity, enhancing the visual action with extremely tight close-ups, location photography, and unusual camera angles. Much of this went unused in the 1960s revival. Although still using convincing dialogue readings, the new Dragnet lost the documentary look and seemed more staged and studied, but Webb was too well established in the radio Dragnet and the network insisted that he continue in the leading role. The template for the TV show was simply the proven radio formula, the two familiar leads, Jack Webb and Barton Yarborough, settled in for the first season, disrupted when Yarborough suffered a heart attack and died. Webb wrote his partners demise into the storyline, and Sgt, Friday rode with various partners until settling on Ben Alexander as detective Frank Smith. These include The Human Bomb, The Big Actor, The Big Mother, The Big Cast, The Big September Man, The Big Phone Call, The Big Casing, The Big Lamp, The Big Seventeen, often some are mislabeled as there are no onscreen titles. Three collections released from Alpha Video feature four episodes each, eclectic DVD released a collection of three episodes. Platinum Video released seven episodes from the series in 2002. The episodes are, Big Crime, Big Pair, Big Producer, Big Break, Big September Man, Big Betty, the two disc set includes episodes from Burkes Law, Peter Gunn, Richard Diamond, Private Detective, Mr. Wong, Detective, and Bulldog Drummond. Jason Mittell, Genre and Television, From Cop Shows to Cartoons in American Culture, Dragnet at the Internet Movie Database Dragnet at TV. com
19.
Felony Squad
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Felony Squad is a half-hour television crime drama originally broadcast on the ABC network from September 12,1966, to January 31,1969, a span encompassing seventy-three episodes. The program starred Howard Duff and Dennis Cole as investigators in a major crimes unit, the setting was an unidentified West Coast city. Duffs character was the veteran who was teaching his partner the nuances of life in this new facet of police work. Another main character was desk sergeant Dan Briggs, the father of Coles character, originally titled Men Against Evil, the show was set to be a soap opera-type program about a police captain. However, when the concept proved to be unworkable, the project was changed to a police drama with three main characters. In addition, following an objection about being associated with the word evil. For the first two years of the run it was broadcast on Monday nights, with 30 episodes comprising a seasons run. In the fall of 1968 it was switched to Friday evening time slot, the program was cancelled at midseason after just thirteen aired episodes. The final episode of the series was part of a crossover with the ABC legal drama Judd, for the Defense, the stunt also proved to be no more effective for Judd, which was cancelled at the end of its season after a two-year run. Alexanders role in the series was not only onscreen but also offscreen as a technical adviser and he died of a heart attack less than six months after Felony Squad left the air. The show and its title were later parodied in the 1980s by the Leslie Nielsen TV comedy series, Felony Squad was sponsored by L&M Cigarettes, as seen on the 1967 episode The Day Of The Shark Part 1. Sam Stone Dennis Cole as Detective Jim Briggs Ben Alexander as Desk Sgt
20.
Adam-12
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The show originally ran from September 21,1968, through May 20,1975, and helped introduce police procedures and jargon to the general public in the United States. Adam-12 featured the year-old LAPD Rampart Division station at 2710 West Temple Street as the setting for the series, however, according to the radio call sign of the unit 1-Adam-12, the patrol area was within the Central Division, which serves Downtown Los Angeles, rather than Rampart. The designation 1-Adam-12 is a combination of three elements, the first element indicates the units LAPD division. The second element indicates the type of unit, the third element identifies the patrol cars number. The one in 1-Adam-12 means the car operates in Division 1. LAPD assigns two-person units the letter A, in the LAPD phonetic alphabet, the letter A is spoken as Adam. The third element is the last two numbers of the cars full unit number. In the program, 1-Adam-12 typically operated in the Rampart Division, Division 2, not the Central Division, Division 1, there was never an actual patrol car with the call sign of 1-Adam-12. In the series first episode, Reed is less than a week out of the prestigious Los Angeles Police Academy, and is eager to begin his career. Three weeks before, Malloys patrol partner had been killed in an attempt to apprehend an armed suspect, Malloy is deeply saddened. On what is to be Malloys last shift, the watch commander Lieutenant Moore assigns Malloy to take the young, raw, Moore was Malloys first training officer seven years earlier. His comment to Reed at the end of their first watch together was, I couldnt turn you loose on the citizens of Los Angeles, reeds probationary period is played out during the first and second seasons, after which he is promoted to a full officer. Reed and Malloy remain beat partners, Malloy displays a Distinguished Expert shooting medal, Reed displays a Sharpshooter medal. Malloy and Reed reported to Shift Supervisor William Mac MacDonald, who took a black-and-white command cruiser with the call sign 1-L-20 into the field. Reed once questioned why Malloy had not taken the sergeants exam, Malloy related he preferred working patrol on the street to supervision. Malloy later showed he could supervise when Mac was ill, several of their fellow officers were recurring characters, the most frequent were Jerry Woods, Ed Wells, Detective Sgt Jerry Miller, and Officer Brinkman. Shaaron Claridge, a real-life LAPD dispatcher, was the dispatcher, over the course of the series, Sergeant Mac MacDonald was promoted to Sergeant 2. Lt Moore was promoted to Captain, and served as the officer of the division
21.
Emergency!
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Not to be confused with Emergency, a TV program aired on GMA Network in the Philippines. Is an American television series that combines the drama and action-adventure genres. It was a joint production of Mark VII Limited and Universal Television, was created and produced by Jack Webb and Robert A. Cinader, who were also responsible for the police dramas Adam-12 and Dragnet. Harold Jack Bloom is also credited as a creator, Webb does not receive credit as a creator. In the shows original TV-movie pilot, Webb was credited only as its director. The plot of the pilot film described the passing of state legislation, eventually signed by then State Governor Ronald Reagan. Squad 51 worked in concert with the fictional Rampart General Hospital medical staff, debuted, the Smithsonian Institution accepted Emergency. Memorabilia into its National Museum of American Historys public-service section, including the firefighters helmets, turnouts, biophone, the vehicles of Station 51 are a part of the collection of the Los Angeles County Fire Museum. To train for their parts, the actors, Mantooth and Tighe. sat in on paramedic classes and rode out on extensive ride-alongs with LACoFD. In an interview with Tom Blixa of WTVN, Mantooth said that the wanted them to train so that they would at least know the fundamentals. Mantooth mentioned that you needed to take the course to be a paramedic. Mantooth became an advocate for firefighters and paramedics after the series ended and he continued, as of late October 2014, to give speeches and make appearances all over the country at special events. Supporting characters were the crew of Station 51s A shift, some of whom were played by professional firefighters, chet Kelly, Marco Lopez, Mike Stoker, Captain Dick Hammer, and Captain Hank Stanley. Lanier, an actual LACoFD Dispatcher, retired from the department shortly after Emergency, Lopez spoke Spanish, and occasionally translated for the crew when a victim or onlooker spoke Spanish but no English. Boyett was also a regular on Adam-12, playing Sergeant MacDonald, Robert Fuller as Kelly Brackett, M. D. F. A. C. S. Julie London as Dixie McCall, R. N, bobby Troup as Joe Early, M. D. F. A. C. S. Ron Pinkard as Mike Morton, M. D. Randolph Mantooth as Firefighter Paramedic John Roderick Johnny Gage, County FD Squad 51 Kevin Tighe as Firefighter Paramedic Roy DeSoto, L. A. County FD Squad 51 Tim Donnelly as Firefighter Chester B, County FD Engine 51 Marco Lopez as Firefighter Marco Lopez, L. A
22.
Los Angeles County Fire Department
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As of 2013 the department is responsible for just over 4 million residents spread out in over 1.2 million housing units across an area of 2,305 square miles. The department is commanded by Chief Daryl L. Osby with an budget of $939 million. The Los Angeles County Fire Department began in 1920, and was known as the Los Angeles County Forestry Department and Los Angeles County Fire Protection Districts. The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors enlisted Stuart J. Flintham to lead the new department and he succeeded in opening 30 Fire Protection Districts, which served, and continue to serve, towns and the unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. Cities could choose to join the Fire Protection District by allocating property tax for this service, cities formed as contract cities in the post-World War II period normally retained membership in the Fire Protection District. Following the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, property taxes were capped at 1%, properties within the district that are not covered under a fee for service arrangement also pay a special fire tax as a result of Proposition E, passed in 1997. The Los Angeles County Fire Department Emergency Operations are commanded by Chief David R. Richardson, the 4 Bureaus that the Chief Deputy oversees contain the bulk of the firefighting and rescue personnel and apparatus that the Fire Department provides, as well as the Technical Services Division. The 3 Operations Bureaus consist of the fire stations and camps that are geographically based. The 3 Operations Bureaus of LACoFD serve 58 cities with 22 Battalions and 9 Divisions, each Division is commanded by an assistant chief, the only exception being the Lifeguard Division, which is led by the Chief Lifeguard. The LACoFD has 8 fire camps with handcrews which are used for fire prevention and wildland firefighting. Inmates assigned to the camps are nonviolent offenders who have completed physical and they are trained by county firefighters to help fight fires and assist with clearing brush and debris. The camps are run in conjunction with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Los Angeles County Lifeguards are an entity within the Los Angeles County Fire Department, serving the 72 miles coastline that Los Angeles County shares with the Pacific Ocean. As of 2013 the division employed 151 year-round lifeguards with an additional 630 seasonal lifeguards for the busy summers and these personnel staff the 159 lifeguard towers and 23 stations. All lifeguards are EMT certified and have training in rescue operations as well as swift water rescue. The LACoFD sponsors one of the eight FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces in California, County Fire Apparatus are painted reddish-orange as opposed to Los Angeles City Fire Department which are fire engine red. The benefit of a quint is that it also has a built in pump and water tank, the LA County Fire Department has 9 helicopters available for search and rescue as well as aerial firefighting. With the exception of Copter 10 which is used primarily for command purposes, all copters are outfitted with water tanks for aerial firefighting. The headquarters for the Air Operations Section is located at Barton Heliport, three Sikorsky S-70A Firehawks Copter 15, Copter 16 and Copter 19, are each capable of transporting up to 4 patients and are fitted with 1,000 US gallons tanks
23.
Paramedic
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A paramedic is a healthcare professional, predominantly in the pre-hospital and out-of-hospital environment, and working mainly as part of emergency medical services, such as on an ambulance. The scope of practice of a paramedic will vary between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the care of patients. In some countries Paramedic is a title and accountable to a professional regulatory body. The scope of the role varies widely across the world, having developed as a paraprofession in the United States during the 1970s. There are different models of care for EMS providers which significantly influence the scope of practice of paramedics in an area, in the Franco-German model paramedics directly support a doctor in the field, in a role more akin to a hospital nurse, rather than operating with clinical autonomy. The development of the profession has been a move from simply transporting patients to hospital. Throughout the evolution of care, there has been an ongoing association with military conflict. Such individuals, although not physicians, were probably among the worlds earliest surgeons by default, being required to suture wounds, in time, however, these arrangements began to formalize and become permanent. During the American Civil War, Jonathan Letterman devised a system of field hospitals employing the first uses of the principles of triage. In most cases these ambulances were operated by drivers and attendants with little or no medical training, an early example was the members of the Toronto Police Ambulance Service receiving a mandatory five days of training from St. John as early as 1889. Prior to World War I motorized ambulances started to be developed, in terms of advanced skills, once again the military led the way. The Korean War also marked the first widespread use of helicopters to evacuate the wounded from forward positions to medical units and these innovations would not find their way into the civilian sphere for nearly twenty more years. By the early 1960s experiments in improving care had begun in some civilian centres, one early experiment involved the provision of pre-hospital cardiac care by physicians in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1966. In 1966, a report called Accidental Death and Disability, The Neglected Disease of Modern Society—commonly known as The White Paper—was published in the United States. As a result of the The White Paper the US government moved to develop standards for ambulance attendant training, ambulance equipment. The White Paper also prompted the inception of a number of medical service pilot units across the US including paramedic programs. The success of these led to a rapid transition to make them fully operational. In 1969, the Haywood County Volunteer Rescue Squad developed a program under the medical direction of Ralph Fleicher
24.
Nick at Nite
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Nick at Nite is an American programming block that broadcasts nightly over the channel space of Nickelodeon. It broadcasts on Sundays through Wednesdays and Fridays from 9,00 p. m. to 7,00 a. m. Thursdays from 8,00 p. m. to 7,00 a. m. although it shares channel space with its parent channel, Nielsen counts Nick at Nite as a separate channel from Nickelodeon for ratings purposes. Both services are sometimes referred to as Nickelodeon/Nick at Nite. Nick at Nite appeals to adult and/or adolescent audiences with a lineup of mainly live-action sitcom reruns, the content on Nick at Nite is not as raunchy or violent as content on other primetime networks, encouraging a crossover audience between it and Nickelodeon viewers. As of February 2015, Nick at Nite is available to approximately 94,792,000 pay television households in the United States. After futile attempts at original program development, Laybourne asked programming and branding consultants Alan Goodman, after being presented with over 200 episodes of The Donna Reed Show, Goodman and Seibert conceived the idea of the first oldies TV network. Fred/Alan developed the original logo with Tom Corey and Scott Nash of Boston advertising firm Corey McPherson Nash, Nick at Nite debuted at 8,00 p. m. Eastern Time on July 1,1985, as a block on Nickelodeon. Its initial programming was a mix of sitcoms, movies and one series, led by Dennis the Menace, and accompanied by The Donna Reed Show, the offbeat comedy Turkey Television. The same five-hour block of programs originally repeated from 1,00 a. m. and ran until Nickelodeon began its broadcast day at 6,00 a. m. As Nick at Nite grew, it would add to its library of shows – branching out to rerun sketch comedy and it also briefly reran the 1970s mock local talk show Fernwood 2 Night. As the years went by, the channels sitcom library swelled to over a hundred shows, for the channels 20th birthday celebration in June 2005, TV Land aired an episode from almost every series that had appeared on Nick at Nite. Each episode was introduced with its history, episode number, in 2006, the coloring of Nick at Nites logo was changed from blue to orange, in order to match the coloring of Nickelodeons logo. The updated logo debuted in promos in March 2002, however, the Up Next bumpers, station idents, and on-screen bug did not begin using the updated logo until September 1,2002. Nick at Nites times of operation have changed several times over the years, to at one point beginning as late as 9,00 p. m. Eastern Time on Sunday through Thursdays and ending as early as 5,30 a. m. The network also stopped airing the closing credits for most of its programs. In 2013, Nick@Nite made a change to its logo. Nick at Nite is known as the first classic TV network, the network also airs occasional movies, as well as some Nickelodeon original programs such as See Dad Run and Instant Mom during early primetime hours
25.
TV Land
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TV Land is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The network is headquartered at One Astor Plaza in New York City, as of July 2015, TV Land is available to approximately 91.432 million pay television households in the United States. TV Land launched on April 29,1996, as a 24-hour offshoot of Nickelodeons successful nighttime classic television block Nick at Nite, until the end of 1996, it was branded as Nick at Nites TV Land to provide reassurance to new viewers of who was behind the channel. Programs featured on the network during its year included Hill Street Blues, St. Elsewhere, The Ed Sullivan Show, Gunsmoke, That Girl. TV Land also initially ran a block of detective series every Saturday, including Honey West, Dog and Cat, Burkes Law, the 1981 Nero Wolfe series, shortly after TV Lands debut, MCA filed a lawsuit against Viacom. MCA claimed that the intention of TV Land was to compete directly with USA, Viacom claimed that the matter had already been settled when Sumner Redstone released Frank Biondi from his contract to let him work at MCA. The suit was settled when Viacom agreed to sell its 50% stake in USA Networks to MCA. In 1997, TV Land partnered with TV Guide for a feature in the magazine, in 1999, TV Land entered into a deal with Universal Television that allowed the channel to cherry-pick from a variety of series including Emergency. Kojak, and The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, in February 1999, according to Nielsen ratings data, TV Land averaged a 1.0 share during primetime, tying ESPN for 10th place among all cable networks. Its siblings, MTV and VH1, respectively tied for 17th and 26th place, TV Land celebrated its 10th anniversary on April 29,2006. The networks original continuity announcer was DJ Dan Ingram, Ingram was replaced by Harry Shearer, in 2008, TV Land added a three-hour block of infomercials to its morning lineup, airing Monday through Fridays from 6,00 to 9,00 a. m. Eastern Time. m. with reruns filling the 8,00 a. m. hour, in 2007, the network began adding series from the latter part of the 1980s and on in an effort to attract viewers in the 18 to 49 age demographic favored by advertisers. As such, TV Land no longer labels itself as a Classic TV network, the network began airing its first original programs in 2008 with the reality series High School Reunion and Shes Got the Look. Accompanying this strategy was a refresh of the graphic identity, which was designed and conceived by Trollback + Company. From October 2008 to 2011, the network ran a block that aired weeknights from 9,00 p. m. to 12,00 a. m. Eastern Time, called TV Land Prime, which depending on the featured the networks original series, movies or newer archive programming that TV Land was airing at the time. On November 23,2009, the changed its logo to a more simplified form, keeping the double-trapezoidal outline. An overhauled logo was introduced on May 8,2012, which not only features a design and different typeface
26.
Antenna TV
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Antenna TV is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by the Tribune Broadcasting subsidiary of Tribune Media. Antenna TVs programming and advertising operations are headquartered in the Tribune Tower in Chicago, the networks operations are overseen by Sean Compton, who serves as the president of strategic programming and acquisitions for Tribune Broadcasting. Antenna TV broadcasts 24 hours a day in 480i standard definition and it is a sister network to the movie-oriented multicast service This TV, in which Tribune Broadcasting maintains a 50% ownership stake. Antenna TV was launched on January 1,2011 at 12,00 a. m, eastern Time, initially debuting on seventeen Tribune-owned stations and thirteen stations owned by Local TV. The first program to air on Antenna TV was the Three Stooges first short Woman Haters as part of a marathon of short films involving the comedy trio, in January 2016, Antenna TV added Johnny Carson’s Tonight Show to its schedule as Johnny Carson. The August 2015 announcement gave the network exposure plus another 26 new affiliates, at the time, the network had reached 86% of US households. Initially, Antenna TV did not run a credit sequence at the conclusion of its programs. However, this changed in April 2015, when such a sequence began to be used on some programs aired in the daytime. Wells also provided promotional continuity from November 2011 to July 2015, shadoe Stevens became the networks main announcer in July 2015. Antenna TV also runs occasional marathons of series to which it holds rights through its content agreements on major occasions. Prior to Antenna TV Theaters discontinuation, the network also aired movie marathons on Valentines Day, Memorial Day, Veterans Day and Super Bowl Sunday and racing day in 2016. The Saturday drama block was discontinued in September 2012, with series on Saturdays being moved to the late afternoon hours. Alfred Hitchcock Presents is the only remaining drama series to continue to air on the network as it airs mostly sitcoms, Antenna TV began airing The Ropers and Threes a Crowd in rotation with Threes Company again. From the networks launch in January 2011 until May 2016, Antenna TV aired feature films under the umbrella title Antenna TV Theater, starting in April 2013, Antenna TV gradually scaled back its film telecasts in favor of additional blocks of classic television series. Movies returned to the lineup in May 2016 as part of a marathon on racing films, in the fall of 2017, the Bellum agreement will end, being replaced with a new agreement featuring programming to be determined from Litton Entertainment. Despite this arrangement, some television markets without stations owned by Tribune did not affiliate with the network until 2015. As of May 11,2016, the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose market is the largest television market without an Antenna TV affiliate, tribunes flagship station WGN-TV in Chicago serves as the de facto flagship station of the network. In Denver and St. Fox affiliate KSTU in Salt Lake City, NBC affiliate WHO-TV in Des Moines and CW affiliate WDCW in Washington, some affiliates aired preview blocks of Antenna TV programming on their primary channel in the lead-up to the launch date
27.
Retro Television Network
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The Retro Television Network is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Luken Communications. The network mainly airs classic television sitcoms and drama series from the 1950s through the 1980s, Equity had expanded quickly with purchases of many small stations in the early 2000s, but by 2008, the company was struggling to meet its obligations.5 million in cash. Equity had an option to repurchase the network for $27.75 million, Equity had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy three weeks before the expiration of the purchase option. As a result, Luken restored a national feed of the network from its Chattanooga headquarters with individual feeds to affiliates not owned by Equity following suit on a piecemeal basis. Equity-owned or -operated stations lost RTN affiliation, though Luken vowed to find new affiliates for the network in the affected areas, the Retro Television Network changed its on-air branding to RTV in June 2009. In 2012, RTV dropped from 120 to 80 affiliates with many ABC affiliates switching to the Live Well Network, further affiliate drops occurred as the owners of MeTV and Antenna TV made major carriage deals with large broadcast groups. As of that date, only two stations associated with the Big Five networks, KEYT-TV in Santa Barbara, California and WKTC in Columbia, South Carolina, the network was re-branded as RetroTV in 2013. Of the top 25 digital broadcast networks for 2014, Retro TV ranked No.10 with a coverage of 54% of households, until 2011, Retro offered a customized schedule for use at the discretion of the local affiliate. The network then moved towards a set schedule, although affiliates have the option to pre-empt or reschedule some network programming. Retro also featured a Saturday morning block of vintage cartoon programming, in 2014, Retro began broadcasting Mystery Science Theater 3000, the soap opera The Doctors, and the classic era of long-running British television show Doctor Who. The network previously had major content deals with CBS Television Distribution until July 2008, retros current programming roster draws from various distributors including the BBC, Genesis International, Shout. Factory, Peter Rodgers Organization, and SFM Entertainment, as well as John DiSciullo, as of March 2017, Retro TV is carried on 97 affiliates and translators across the United States, covering 60% of the countrys DMA households. Prior to the 2009 digital transition, Retro was seen on a number of stations owned by Equity Media Holdings. Some Equity stations mixed Retro programming with first-run and recent off-network syndicated programming or also carried another networks, such as MyNetworkTV or Ion Television
28.
MeTV
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MeTV is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Weigel Broadcasting and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The network is available nationwide on free-to- air C band satellite via SES-1 in the DVB-S format. MeTVs operations are based out of Weigel Broadcastings corporate headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago, the block – which initially aired for three hours daily from 12,00 to 3,00 p. m. Channel 23s former ethnic programming and WFBT-CA call letters were transferred to its station on UHF channel 48. On August 4,2007, WWME launched a morning block that primarily featured Spanish dubs of select classic series. Most of the programs carried as part of the Sí, on March 1,2008, Weigel expanded the MeTV format to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it began airing on the third digital subchannel of the groups CBS affiliate in that market, WDJT-TV. The Milwaukee version of the service featured much of the programming as that aired on the Chicago outlets. MeTV continued to be carried on digital channel 58.3 until October 30,2008, the national MeTV network launched on December 15,2010. As with This TV, MGM handles distribution of the network to prospective affiliate stations, in the Chicago market, the national MeTV is carried on WCIU subchannel 26.3 and WWME-CA, the new MeToo moved to WCIU subchannel 26.4 and remained on WMEU-CA. Low-powered WBME-CD in Milwaukee carries the national feed of MeTV in its entirety on digital channel 41.2 subchannel on December 15,2010. On April 1,2013, Nielsen began to tabulate national viewership for MeTV, including the network in its prime time and total day ratings reports. In February 2016, the network began to transmit its master feed in 16,9 widescreen standard definition, with the conversion, MeTV also began to carry remastered widescreen prints of some programs and present its program promotions in the 16,9 format. Since MeTV broadcasts programs that it acquired through the syndication market, the network does not air a split-screen credit sequence or feature voiceovers promoting upcoming network programming during the closing credits. Unlike other digital multicast networks such as sister network This TV. Since its inception as a network, MeTV has also aired marathons of The Doris Day Show on Christmas Eve as well as Christmas-themed specials during the month of December. MeTV has program licensing agreements with 20th Television, CBS Television Distribution, the networks programming lineup covers a mix of sitcoms, dramas and westerns from the 1950s to the 1990s, and includes series such as Emergency. MeTV regularly carries many of its programs in organized genre-based programming blocks, MeTVs Sunday Funnies – Debuting on September 6,2015, MeTVs Sunday Funnies is a weekly afternoon block of classic comedies. Airing Sundays from 2,00 to 8,00 p. m. Eastern Time, the block is made up of Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley
29.
Perry Mason
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Perry Mason is a fictional character, a criminal defense lawyer who is the main character in works of detective fiction written by Erle Stanley Gardner. Perry Mason is featured in more than 80 novels and short stories, typically, Mason establishes his clients innocence by implicating another character, who then confesses. The character of Perry Mason was adapted for motion pictures and a radio series. These were followed by its adaptation, the CBS television series Perry Mason starring Raymond Burr. The Perry Mason series ranks third in the top ten best selling book series, in 2015 the American Bar Associations publishing imprint, Ankerwycke, began reissuing Gardners Perry Mason books, which had been out of print in the United States. The name Perry Mason dates to creator Gardners childhood, as a child, Gardner was a reader of the magazine Youths Companion. The magazine was published in Boston, Massachusetts, by the Perry Mason Company, when Gardner created his fictional attorney, he borrowed the name of the company which published his favorite childhood magazine. Gardner provided more information about Masons character in the novels, knowledge of his character is largely taken for granted in the later works. In the first novel, Mason describes himself, Youll find that Im a lawyer who has specialized in trial work, and in a lot of criminal work. Im a specialist on getting people out of trouble. They come to me when theyre in all sorts of trouble, If you look me up through some chap in the District Attorneys office, hell tell you that Im a dangerous antagonist but he doesnt know very much about me. Gardner depicts Mason as a lawyer who fights hard on behalf of his clients and he frequently accepts clients on a whim based on his curiosity about their problem, for a minimal retainer, and finances the investigation of their cases himself if necessary. In The Case of the Caretakers Cat, his principal antagonist, District Attorney Hamilton Burger, says, when you turn your mind to the solution of a crime, you ferret out the truth. The Court feels you are capable of looking after your own as well as your clients interests. Another frequent antagonist, Lieutenant Arthur Tragg of the squad, has a discussion with Mason about his approach to the law. Mason is recovering from having been poisoned, and Tragg is investigating and he says, How does it feel to be the victim for once. … Youve been sticking up for criminals and now you can see the side of the picture. Not sticking up for criminals, protested indignantly, I have never stuck up for any criminal. I have merely asked for the administration of an impartial justice … Due legal process is my own safeguard against being convicted unjustly
30.
The Rockford Files
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Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery, Jr. in the supporting role of his father, a retired truck driver nicknamed Rocky. The show was created by Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell, Huggins created the television show Maverick, which starred Garner, and he wanted to recapture that magic in a modern day detective setting. He teamed with Cannell, who had written for Jack Webb productions such as Adam-12 and Chase, the show was credited as A Public Arts/Roy Huggins Production along with Cherokee Productions in association with Universal Television. Cherokee was owned by Garner, with partners Meta Rosenberg and Juanita Bartlett, the series theme music by composers Mike Post and Pete Carpenter was released as a single and went to No.10 on the Billboard Hot 100, remaining on the chart for 16 weeks. And won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement for 1975, in 2002, The Rockford Files was ranked No.39 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. Rockford had served time in Californias San Quentin Prison in the 1960s due to a wrongful conviction, after five years, he was pardoned. His infrequent jobs as a private investigator barely allow him to maintain his dilapidated mobile home in a lot on a Malibu. In the television movies from 1994 to 1999, Rockford is living in a trailer that has been enlarged and remodeled. He rarely carries his Colt Detective Special revolver, for which he has no permit and he works on cold cases, missing persons investigations, and low-budget insurance scams, and repeatedly states that he does not handle open cases to avoid trouble with the police. He has been a P. I. since 1968, listed in the opening credits, James Garner as James Jim/Jimmy/Jimbo Scott Rockford Noah Beery, Jr. as Joseph Rocky Rockford, Jims father, a retired truck driver. Joe Santos as Sergeant Dennis Becker, Jims friend on the Los Angeles Police Department and he was promoted to lieutenant in season 5. Frequently recurring cast, Stuart Margolin as Evelyn Angel Martin, Jims former prison friend, Angel is an untrustworthy con artist who constantly gets Jim in trouble, yet Jim remains his friend. Gretchen Corbett as Elizabeth Beth Davenport, Jims lawyer and sometime girlfriend James Luisi as Lieutenant Douglas J. Doug Chapman and he and Jim despise each other. Tom Atkins as Lieutenant Alex / Thomas Diehl, Beckers superior officer who also has a relationship with Rockford. Luis Delgado as Officer Todd / Jack Billings, Rockford helps prove Fitch did not commit the crime for which he was sent to prison. Bo Hopkins as John Coop Cooper, Jims disbarred attorney friend Tom Selleck as Lance White, liked and admired by everyone but Jim, who considers him naive and lucky and likely to cause others to get hurt. Dennis Dugan as Richie Brockelman, a young, idealistic and naive private investigator who seeks Jims help from time to time, bereft of Jims cynicism and physical toughness, this character was spun off for the short-lived Richie Brockelman, Private Eye. Kathryn Harrold as Dr. Megan Dougherty, a blind psychiatrist who hires Jim and their relationship eventually blossoms into a romance
31.
Cozi TV
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Cozi TV is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by the NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations division of NBCUniversal. The network airs classic television series from the 1950s to the 1990s, in June 2010, NBC Local Media appointed former WNBC general manager Tom OBrien in the newly created position of executive vice president of Nonstop Network. In October, WNBC sister stations WCAU and WRC-TV respectively launched their own versions of the Nonstop channel in the Philadelphia and Washington, chicagos WMAQ-TV launched its own local version in November 2010. Each stations Nonstop subchannel carried eight hours of locally produced programming, along with programming from affiliated production company LXTV. An NBC executive indicated that the independently-formatted Nonstop channels were performing well, by July 2012, it was announced that NBC was considering using a different name for the national network, with Bob TV among the names being put under consideration. NBC soft launched Cozi TV on its stations as well as some charter affiliates on December 20,2012. Cozis Sunday schedule is preempted in whole to allow FETV to carry religious programming, NBCUniversal broadcasts Cozi TV in most markets served by a station owned by the NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations group, either on subchannels of NBC or Telemundo stations. The network is available on the digital subchannels of other television stations. The network soft-launched on NBC and Telemundo owned-and-operated stations in most markets. S. By July 2013, the networks reach had expanded to 42% of the U. S. through affiliation deals with WMFP in Boston, KUBE-TV in Houston and the E. W. Scripps Companys KSHB-TV in Kansas City. Croix and New Orleans, the network announced a deal with OTA Broadcasting, LLC to affiliate with KFFV in Seattle. Both deals expanded the reach to 60% of the U. S. As of December 13,2015, the Minneapolis–St, paul market area was the largest without a CoziTV affiliate
32.
Hulu
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Hulu is an American subscription video on demand service owned by Hulu LLC, a joint venture with The Walt Disney Company, 21st Century Fox, Comcast, and as of August 10,2016, Time Warner. It is primarily oriented towards television series, carrying current and past episodes of series from its owners respective television networks, the subscription service is, in turn, divided into advertising-supported and mostly ad-free tiers. In 2016, Hulu spun out its content into a joint venture with Yahoo. called Yahoo. View and announced plans for a television streaming service some time in 2017. The name Hulu comes from two Mandarin Chinese words, húlú, calabash, bottle gourd, and hùlù, interactive recording, the company blog explains, In Mandarin, Hulu has two interesting meanings, each highly relevant to our mission. The primary meaning interested us because it is used in an ancient Chinese proverb that describes the Hulu as the holder of precious things and it literally translates to gourd, and in ancient times, the Hulu was hollowed out and used to hold precious things. The secondary meaning is interactive recording and we saw both definitions as appropriate bookends and highly relevant to the mission of Hulu. Key executives instrumental in the founding of Hulu include Bruce Campbell, Peter Chernin, JB Perrette, Michael Lang, Beth Comstock, the venture was announced in March 2006 with AOL, Comcast, Facebook, MSN, Myspace, and Yahoo. planned as initial distribution partners. Kilar was named the CEO in June 2006, the name Hulu was chosen in late August 2007, when the website went live, with an announcement only and no content. It invited users to leave their addresses for the upcoming beta test. In October, Hulu began the private beta testing by invitation, Hulu launched for public access in the United States on March 12,2008. The first product to launch was the HULU Syndication network, which was designed and developed by the NBC Universal team from New York, on October 29,2007, followed by the Hulu. com destinations site. Hulu began a campaign during NBCs broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII with an initial ad starring Alec Baldwin titled Alec in Huluwood. The ad intended to reveal the shocking secret behind Hulu. Advertisements have since aired featuring Eliza Dushku, Seth MacFarlane, Denis Leary, with its investment came a seat on the board of directors, where Providence was said to act as an independent voice on the board. In October 2012, Providence sold its 10 percent stake to Hulus media owners, ComScore says monthly video streams reached 903 million in January 2010, over three times the figure for a year earlier, and second only to YouTube. On August 16,2010, a report revealed that Hulu was planning an Initial Public Offering which could value the company at more than $2 billion. On June 21,2011, The Wall Street Journal reported that an unsolicited offer caused Hulu to begin weighing whether to sell itself
33.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
34.
M*A*S*H (TV series)
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M*A*S*H is an American television series developed by Larry Gelbart, adapted from the 1970 feature film MASH. The shows title sequence features a version of Suicide Is Painless. The show was created after an attempt to film the original sequel, M*A*S*H Goes to Maine. The television series is the version of the M*A*S*H works. The series premiered in the U. S. S. television history at the time, with a record-breaking 125 million viewers and it had struggled in its first season and was at risk of being cancelled. Season two of M*A*S*H placed it in a time slot, the show became one of the top 10 programs of the year. It is still broadcast in syndication on television stations. The series, which depicted events occurring during a war, spanned 256 episodes. The Korean War lasted 1,128 days, meaning each episode of the series would have averaged almost four, Many of the stories in the early seasons are based on tales told by real MASH surgeons who were interviewed by the production team. Like the movie, the series was as much an allegory about the Vietnam War as it was about the Korean War. The episodes Abyssinia, Henry and The Interview were ranked number 20 and number 80, respectively, in 2002, M*A*S*H was ranked number 25 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the fifth-best written TV series ever, M*A*S*H aired weekly on CBS, with most episodes being a half-hour in length. The series is usually categorized as a comedy, though it is also described as a dark comedy or a dramedy because of the dramatic subject material often presented. The show was an ensemble piece revolving around key personnel in a United States Army Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War, the 4077th MASH was one of several surgical units in Korea. As the show developed, the took on more of a moralistic tone. Richard Hooker, who wrote the book on which the television, while the show is traditionally viewed as a comedy, many episodes were of a more serious tone. Airing on network primetime while the Vietnam War was still going on, for this reason, the shows discourse, under the cover of comedy, often questioned, mocked, and grappled with Americas role in the Cold War. Episodes were both plot- and character-driven, with episodes being narrated by one of the shows characters as the contents of a letter home
35.
Green-light
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To green-light is to give permission or a go ahead to move forward with a project. The term is a reference to the traffic signal, indicating go ahead. The power to green-light a project is generally reserved to those in a project or financial management role within an organization, the process of taking a project from pitch to green-light formed the basis of a successful reality TV show titled Project Greenlight. At the Big Six major film studios in the United States, however, the studio president, chairman, or chief executive is usually the person who makes the final judgment call
36.
AfterMASH
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AfterMASH is an American sitcom produced as a spin-off and continuation of M*A*S*H that aired on CBS from September 26,1983, to May 31,1985. The series takes place following the end of the Korean War. M*A*S*H supporting cast-member Kellye Nakahara joined them, albeit off-camera, as the voice of the public address system. Rosalind Chao rounded out the starring cast as Soon-Lee Klinger, a Korean refugee whom Klinger met, fell in love with and married in the M*A*S*H series finale Goodbye, Farewell and Amen. AfterMASH premiered in autumn 1983 in the same Monday night 9,00 P. M. EDT time slot as its predecessor and it finished 10th out of all network shows for the 1983-1984 season according to Nielsen Media Research television ratings. Ts signature mohawk, theorizing that AfterMASH would take a portion of the A-Team audience. Critics were mostly negative about the program, in 1999, Time magazine listed the show as one of the 100 worst ideas of the century, and in 2002, TV Guide listed it as the seventh-worst TV series ever. In the one-hour pilot episode September of 53/Together Again, Colonel Potter returned home from Korea to his wife Mildred in Hannibal and he soon found retirement stifling, and Mildred suggested he return to work. Potter was soon hired by the bombastic and bureaucratic hospital administrator Mike DAngelo as the chief of staff at General Pershing Veterans Hospital, located in the fictional River Bend, max Klinger had found himself in trouble with the law in Toledo. Colonel Potter wrote to him and offered him a job as his administrative assistant, Father Mulcahy, whose hearing was damaged in the final episode of M*A*S*H, was suffering from depression and drinking heavily. Potter arranged for Mulcahy to receive an operation at another VA Hospital in St. Louis, after his hearing was surgically corrected, he stopped drinking and joined Potter and Klinger at General General as its Catholic chaplain. Unlike the other patients and staff who addressed Potter by his rank of colonel. Halfway through the first season, Dr. Boyer was introduced as a veteran who lost a leg in Korea and had a hard time adjusting to civilian life. The only other character from the original series to appear on AfterMASH was Radar. The Radar character later appeared in a pilot called W*A*L*T*E*R, in which Radar moved from Iowa to St. Louis, after his wife left him on his wedding night, and he became a police officer. The season closed in March with Klinger being arrested for decking a shady real estate agent as pregnant Soon Lee went into labor, in May, CBS announced the show was renewed for a second season. Mike DAngelo was transferred to Montana and was replaced by smarmy new administrator Wally Wainwright, anne Pitoniak was brought in to replace Barbara Townsend as Mildred Potter. David Ackroyd was promoted to a regular cast member after multiple guest appearances in the half of the first season
37.
Kent McCord
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Kent Franklin McWhirter, known by his stage name Kent McCord, is an American actor, best known for his role as Officer Jim Reed on the television series Adam-12. McCord was born Kent Franklin McWhirter in Los Angeles, California to Bert, using the stage name Kent McCord, he first appeared on television in 1962 The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet. He became a friend of Ricky Nelson and made a total of 44 appearances on the program over the next few years. He also landed small parts in three Elvis Presley films and he also appeared as a motorcycle courier in a McHales Navy episode titled Monkey Business 007 under the name Kent McWhirter. After working in a variety of roles, he got his big break in 1968 when he was given a lead role next to Martin Milner as rookie LAPD police officer James A. Jim Reed on Adam-12, a drama television series created by Jack Webb. The popular show ran on NBC from 1968 to 1975, in the first season of Jack Webbs Dragnet 1967, he appeared twice. The first appearance, in the episode The Big Explosion, saw him credited under his legal name, McCord went on to appear five additional times in the second season, three times as unnamed officers and twice as his eventual Adam-12 character Jim Reed. He appeared one time on Dragnet as Reed before the character became exclusive to Adam-12. In 1972, McCord was elected to the National Board of Directors of the Screen Actors Guild and he served as the first national vice president while on the National Board of Directors. McCord appeared as a fighter ace on the 1970s series Baa Baa Black Sheep. In 1980, he played Troy on the short-lived series Galactica 1980, two years later, Webb tabbed him for a new Dragnet series he was ready to launch, with McCord to play the partner to Webbs Joe Friday. Webb died in December 1982, however, before any of the episodes he wrote could be produced, in 1982, McCord played Mr. Unger on Airplane II, The Sequel, his only comedy role to date. In 1989, he co-starred on the crime drama Unsub. He re-teamed with Martin Milner, his co-star in Adam-12, in the cable TV-movie Nashville Beat, in 1990, McCord appeared in the film Predator 2 as Captain Pilgrim. He appeared as Jack in Out for Justice, and played John Reynolds in Return of the Living Dead 3, from 1994-95, McCord played the recurring role of Scott Keller on seaQuest DSV. He appeared in three episodes of JAG, and, most recently, became a semiregular guest star on Farscape and he played two versions of the same character, Jack Crichton. In 2003, he ran for president of the Screen Actors Guild, Kent McCord at the Internet Movie Database
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