1.
Oregon City, Oregon
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Oregon City is the county seat of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, located on the Willamette River near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area. Established in 1829 by the Hudsons Bay Company, in 1844 it became the first U. S. city west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 31,859. Known in recent decades as the site of large paper mills on the Willamette River. During the 1840s and 1850s it was the destination for those wanting to land claims after traveling the Oregon Trail as the last stop on the trail. It was the capital of the Oregon Territory from its establishment in 1848 until 1851, in 1846, the citys newspaper, the Oregon Spectator, was the first American newspaper to be published west of the Rocky Mountains. Oregon City College was established in 1849 as a Baptist school, Oregon City was the site of the Beaver Coins Mint, producing the short-lived independent Oregon Territory currency in 1849. The center of the city part of its historic character through the preservation of houses. Its territory included all of the western United States, the population in the area of Oregon City declined due to the California Gold Rush. That of nearby Portland grew, and the headquarters of the archdiocese was moved there in 1926, in 1928 the name Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon replaced the former name. No longer a residential bishopric, Oregon City is now a titular see, the neighborhood includes a housing project, as well as numerous rural properties. Park Place, formerly an independent community, also includes unincorporated areas outside the city limits, First called Clackamas, then Paper Mill, the community was finally named Park Place for a park in a nearby oak grove. Park Place was platted in 1889, and a post office was established the following year, for a while the name was changed to Parkplace. It borders the Clackamas and Willamette rivers to the north and west and Park Place to the east, i-205 runs through the north part of the neighborhood. The McLoughlin neighborhood is bordered by Washington Street and Singer Hill on the Northwest, a bluff overlooking Abernethy Creek on the northeast and east and it also includes extends to the west to border the Canemah district. The John McLoughlin House and the entrance to the Municipal Elevator are located in this neighborhood. The Barclay Hills neighborhood lies between Rivercrest Park on the west, the city limits on the east, the McLoughlin Neighborhood on the north, and Warner-Milne Road on the south. This neighborhood is bisected by Molalla Avenue, the route of Oregon Route 213 before it was moved to the Oregon City Bypass to the east. The Canemah neighborhood lies along Oregon Route 99E, and is a strip of land sandwiched between the Willamette River and a bluff
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Art Center College of Design
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ArtCenter College of Design is a nonprofit, private college located in Pasadena, California. ArtCenter College of Design was founded in 1930 in downtown Los Angeles as the Art Center School, in 1935, Fred R. Archer founded the photography department, and Ansel Adams was a guest instructor in the late 1930s. During and after World War II, ArtCenter ran a technical illustration program in conjunction with the California Institute of Technology, the school began granting Bachelors and Masters degrees in arts in 1949, and was fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges in 1955. In 1965, the changed its name to Art Center College of Design. The school expanded its programs, including a program in 1973. The school moved to the Hillside Campus in Pasadena in 1976, the school operated Art Center Europe in La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland from 1986 to 1996. In 2003, ArtCenter was granted Non-Governmental Organization status by the UN Department of Public Information, ArtCenter opened the South Campus in Pasadena in 2004. It is one of the few schools to offer a degree in Interaction Design, the college maintains two campuses in Pasadena, both are considered architecturally notable. ArtCenter built its reputation as a school, preparing returning G. I. s for work in the commercial arts fields. The college logo is a circle, also known as the ArtCenter Dot, which has been a part of the schools identity since its inception by founder Tink Adams. ArtCenter is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, the college’s undergraduate and graduate industrial design programs are consistently ranked number one by DesignIntelligence. U. S. News and World Report also ranks ArtCenter’s Art, Industrial Design, most recently, the growing influence of Art Centers Film programs resulted in the colleges ranking among The Hollywood Reporters list of the Top 25 Global Film Schools. ArtCenter College of Design maintains two campuses in Pasadena, Hillside Campus and South Campus, designed by modernist architect Craig Ellwood, the Hillside Campus broke ground in November 1974. The bridge building spanned an arroyo and roadway on 175 acres in the hills above Pasadena, opening in 1976, the building was later expanded with the south wing, designed by former Ellwood associate James Tyler, and constructed between 1989-91. The Hillside Campus has been designated as a monument by the City of Pasadena. The South Campus opened in 2004 in a former aircraft-testing facility built during World War II, there is an 16, 000-square-foot exhibition space known as the Wind Tunnel, which is currently the home of the Media Design Practices program. At that time, the College appointed Michael Maltzan Architecture as its partner in planning academic spaces, with this agreement still intact, actual renovation of the former USPS building was completed by Darin Johnstone Architecture in 2014. List of colleges and universities in California Art Center College of Design
4.
Poster
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A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative, Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers, propagandists, protestors, Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to original artwork. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography, according to the French historian Max Gallo, for over two hundred years, posters have been displayed in public places all over the world. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, First, the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production of large and inexpensive images possible. Second, government censorship of public spaces in countries like France was lifted, and finally, advertisers began to market mass-produced consumer goods to a growing populace in urban areas. They have ranged in styles from Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Cubism, and Art Deco to the more formal Bauhaus, Posters, in the form of placards and posted bills, have been used since earliest times, primarily for advertising and announcements. Purely textual posters have a history, they advertised the plays of Shakespeare. The invention of lithography was soon followed by chromolithography, which allowed for mass editions of posters illustrated in vibrant colours to be printed, by the 1890s, the technique had spread throughout Europe. Chéret is considered to be the father of advertisement placards and he was a pencil artist and a scene decorator, who founded a small lithography office in Paris in 1866. He used striking characters, contrast and bright colours, and created over 1000 advertisements, primarily for exhibitions, theatres, the industry soon attracted the service of many aspiring painters who needed a source of revenue to support themselves. Not surprisingly, Chéret is said to have introduced sex in advertising or, at least, Posters soon transformed the thoroughfares of Paris, making the streets into what one contemporary called the poor man’s picture gallery. Their commercial success was such that some artists took up poster design in earnest. Some of these artists were, like Alphonse Mucha, in great demand, the popularity of poster art was such that in 1884 a major exhibition was held in Paris. By the 1890s, poster art had widespread usage in other parts of Europe, by the end of the 19th century, during an era known as the Belle Époque, the standing of the poster as a serious artform was raised even further. Between 1895 and 1900, Jules Chéret created the Maîtres de lAffiche series that became not only a commercial success, Alphonse Mucha and Eugène Grasset were also influential poster designers of this generation, known for their Art Nouveau style and stylized figures, particularly of women. Advertisement posters became a type of graphic art in the modern age. ”In the United States
5.
Illustration
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The origin of the word “illustration” is late Middle English, via Old French from Latin illustratio, from the verb illustrate. Contemporary illustration uses a range of styles and techniques, including drawing, painting, printmaking, collage, montage, digital design, multimedia. Most illustrators work on a freelance basis, depending on the purpose, illustration may be expressive, stylised, realistic or highly technical. This may include exploded views, cutaways, fly-throughs, reconstructions, instructional images, component designs, in contemporary illustration practice, 2D and 3D software is often used to create accurate representations that can be updated easily, and reused in a variety of contexts. In the art world, illustration has at times been considered of less importance than graphic design, original illustration art has been known to attract high prices at auction. The US artist Norman Rockwells painting Breaking Home Ties sold in a 2006 Sothebys auction for USD15.4 million, many other illustration genres are equally valued, with pinup artists such as Gil Elvgren and Alberto Vargas, for example, also attracting high prices. Historically, the art of illustration is closely linked to the processes of printing and publishing. The illustrations of medieval codices were known as illuminations, and were hand drawn. With the invention of the press during the 15th century, books became more widely distributed. Subjects included traditional folk tales, popular figures and every day life, hokusai’s The Great Wave of Kanazawa is a famous image of the time. During the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe, the main reproduction processes for illustration were engraving and etching, in 18th Century England, a notable illustrator was William Blake, who used relief etching. By the early 19th century, the introduction of lithography substantially improved reproduction quality, in Europe, notable figures of the early 19th Century were John Leech, George Cruikshank, Dickens illustrator Hablot Knight Browne, and, in France, Honoré Daumier. All contributed to both satirical and “serious” publications, at this time, there was a great demand for caricature drawings encapsulating social mores, types and classes. Although all fine art trained, their reputations were gained primarily as illustrators, in common with similar magazines such as the Parisian Le Voleur, Punch realised good illustration sold as well as good text. With publication continuing into the 21st Century, Punch chronicles a gradual shift in popular illustration, from the early 1800s newspapers, mass market magazines, and illustrated books had become the dominant consumer media in Europe and the New World. By the 19th Century, improvements in printing technology freed illustrators to experiment with color, in America, this led to a golden age of illustration from before the 1880s until the early 20th Century. A small group of illustrators became highly successful, with the imagery they created considered a portrait of American aspirations of the time
6.
Saturn Award
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The award was initially, and is still sometimes, loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and are the oldest Award ceremony dedicated to science fiction, fantasy. The physical award is a representation of the planet Saturn, with its ring composed of film, the Saturn Awards are voted upon by members of the presenting Academy. The Academy is a organization with membership open to the public. Its members include filmmakers Jeff Rector, Rich Correll, Tom De Santo, Mark A. Altman and Irwin Keyes, among others. Although the Award still primarily focuses on films and television in the fiction, fantasy and horror categories. There are also awards for lifetime achievement in film production. The 42nd Saturn Awards were held on June 22,2016, in Burbank, the Saturn Awards are often criticized for having a broad and inconsistent definition of genres, as well as for nominating and awarding movies not related to sci-fi, fantasy or horror. Hugo Award Scream Awards Official website Saturn Awards 2009 at FEARnet Saturn Award at the Internet Movie Database
7.
Saul Bass
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Saul Bass was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion-picture title sequences, film posters, and corporate logos. During his 40-year career Bass worked for some of Hollywoods most prominent filmmakers, including Alfred Hitchcock, Otto Preminger, Billy Wilder, Stanley Kubrick and Martin Scorsese. Bass designed some of the most iconic logos in North America, including the Bell System logo in 1969. He also designed Continental Airlines 1968 jet stream logo and United Airlines 1974 tulip logo and he died from non-Hodgkins lymphoma in Los Angeles on April 25,1996 at the age of 75. Saul Bass was born on May 8,1920, in the Bronx, New York, United States and he graduated from James Monroe High School in the Bronx and studied part-time at the Art Students League in Manhattan until attending night classes with György Kepes at Brooklyn College. He began his time in Hollywood in the 1940s, designing print advertisements for films including Champion, Death of a Salesman and The Moon Is Blue and his next collaboration with Preminger was to design a film poster for his 1954 film Carmen Jones. Preminger was so impressed with Basss work that he asked him to produce the sequence as well. Bass was one of the first to realize the potential of the opening and closing credits of a movie. Bass became widely known in the industry after creating the title sequence for Otto Premingers The Man with the Golden Arm. The subject of the film was a musicians struggle to overcome his heroin addiction. Bass decided to create a title sequence to match the films controversial subject. He chose the arm as the image, as it is a strong image relating to heroin addiction. The titles featured an animated, white on black paper cut-out arm of a heroin addict, as he hoped, it caused quite a sensation. For Alfred Hitchcock, Bass provided effective, memorable title sequences, inventing a new type of kinetic typography, for North by Northwest, Vertigo, working with John Whitney and it was this kind of innovative, revolutionary work that made Bass a revered graphic designer. One of the most studied film credit designers, Bass is known for integrating a stylistic coherence between the designs and the films in which they appear. Bass once described his goal for his title sequences as being to ‘’try to reach for a simple, visual phrase that tells you what the picture is all about. Another philosophy that Bass described as influencing his title sequences was the goal of getting the audience to see parts of their world in an unfamiliar way. In 1955, Elaine Makatura came to work with Bass in his Los Angeles office, by 1960, with the opening to Spartacus, she was directing and producing title sequences, and in 1961 the two married, beginning more than 40 years of close collaboration
8.
Indiana Jones (franchise)
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The Indiana Jones franchise is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Indiana Jones, Jr. a fictional archaeologist. It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark, a prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, followed in 1984, and a sequel, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, was released in 1989. A fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, was released in 2008, the series was created by George Lucas, the films star Harrison Ford and are directed by Steven Spielberg. The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, a fifth film is planned for release on July 19,2019, with both Spielberg and Ford returning. Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982. The first film, Raiders of the Lost Ark is set in 1936, Indiana Jones is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. The Nazis have teams searching for artifacts, including the Ark. The Nazis are being helped by Indianas nemesis René Belloq, with the help of his old flame Marion Ravenwood and Sallah, Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion, Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, they are all killed gruesomely by the Arks wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, the second film, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott, the trio crash-land in India, where they come across a village whose children have been kidnapped. A destructive cult led by Mola Ram has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, Indiana manages to overcome Mola Rams evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan to find the Holy Grail and they are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider, following on from where Indianas estranged father Henry left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, however, Indiana recovers his fathers diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana, the fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade, thus acknowledging the real-life passing of years between films. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure and he races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, in 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s
9.
Back to the Future (franchise)
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The films visual effects were done by Industrial Light and Magic. The trilogy was nominated for five Academy Awards all together, winning one.21 gigawatts it needs to time-travel. Soon after his arrival in 1955, Martys mother Lorraine falls in love him, rather than with his father George McFly. Without plutonium to power the machine, Marty must find the 1955 Doc Brown to help him reunite his parents. Despite 1955 Docs insistence on not knowing details of the future, the series continues as Doc Brown travels with Marty and Jennifer to the year 2015 where he has discovered Martys family is in ruins. Shortly after correcting the situation, Marty buys a sports almanac containing the outcomes of 50 years worth of sporting events to make easy money, however, Doc talks him out of it and throws the almanac in the trash, where the 2015 Biff Tannen finds it. A sleeping Jennifer has been taken by police to her home, needing Marty. While Marty and Doc are at the 2015 McFly home,2015 Biff steals the DeLorean time machine and gives the book to his 1955 self just before he goes to the dance at the end of the first movie. Marty learns that Biff was given the book by 2015 Biff on November 12,1955, so he and they accomplish this in a complex fashion, often crossing their own past-selves paths. When the duo are about to back to 1985, a lightning bolt strikes the DeLorean and activates the time circuits, sending Doc back to 1885. After finding out that Doc Brown is trapped in 1885, Marty sets out to find the 1955 Doc to help him fix the DeLorean and restore it to working order. Learning that Doc gets shot in 1885 by Biffs great-grandfather, Buford Mad Dog Tannen, Marty travels back in time to save Doc, Doc falls in love with schoolteacher Clara Clayton, and considers staying in the past. Marty must convince Doc to come back with him and find a way to get back to his time before its too late. After several dramatic scenes involving using a speeding locomotive to push the DeLorean to 88 miles per hour, Marty returns to 1985 without Doc Brown. When the DeLorean appears in 1985 on the train track as planned. Marty reveals to Jennifer the time travel adventure and they visit the scene of the wreckage of the DeLorean and he worries that Doc has been lost in the past forever, when suddenly Doc Brown appears in a new time machine, modeled after a locomotive. He introduces Jennifer and Marty to Clara and his two sons, Jules and Verne, when Marty asks if Doc and his family are going to the future, Doc replies that he has already been there. Docs last words of wisdom is that nobody knows their future, the locomotive flies across the sky and disappears, ending the trilogy
10.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
11.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
12.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
13.
Pasadena, California
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Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
14.
Ernie Cefalu
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Ernie Cefalu is a contemporary Senior Creative Director, currently working out of Los Angeles, CA. Cefalu attended the California College of Arts and Crafts and graduated in 1969 with honors and his solution took the form of an elaborate, award-winning off-Broadway musical production, Dolls Alive. At the end of 1970, Cefalu joined forces with Craig Braun, Inc. in New York, eight months later in mid 1971 he opened a satellite office in California for Braun, where he was the head Creative Director. There, he was the force behind a string of popular album covers for Alice Cooper’s Schools Out. Cefalu opened his own agency, Pacific Eye & Ear, in January 1972, in 1985, Cefalu formed David Hale Associates and broadened his client roster beyond the music industry to include two of the largest food companies in the world, Nestle and Kraft. Over the next decade and a half, his work helped more than 20 brands in five divisions post double-digit sales growth, in 1990 he was retained by Panavision Motion Picture Cameras, NGK Spark Plugs and Rockwell International. In 1996, Cefalu also added national retail chain Kmart, major motion picture studios Paramount, Universal, and Disney, National Hot Rod Association and Valvoline, and Wolfgang Pucks La Brea Bakery. Before the end of 2010 Cefalu had expanded his client roster to welcome Fortune 100 companies InBev, Honeywell/Novar and Avery Dennison and completed album covers 210,211, and 212. Thus far in his career, Cefalu has received three Grammy nominations and ten Music Hall of Fame Awards for his cover work, as well as four Awards of Excellence from Art Directors Clubs. He has also presented with 15 gold albums and a triple platinum album by the bands whose album covers he designed. With the 2008 release of Burton Cummings’ latest album, Above the Ground, today, as Owner/Creative Director of HornbookInc, the Internets first virtual agency, Cefalu is retained by four Fortune 100 companies as their internal Creative Director. He continues to take on select, music-related projects, over the course of his career, Cefalu has assembled what is arguably the largest, privately owned, collection of original album cover art and music-related illustration in the world
15.
Tony Orlando and Dawn
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Tony Orlando and Dawn is an American pop music group that was popular in the 1970s. Their signature hits include Candida, Knock Three Times, Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree, Tony Orlando was born Michael Anthony Orlando Cassavitis on 3 April 1944. After almost a decade of singing and with only three Top 40 hits, two in 1961 and another in 1969 as the singer for the studio group Wind. He stopped singing entirely, and by 1970 he was a demo singer. He began publishing music for April-Blackwood Music, a division of Columbia Records, then Orlando received Candida, a song that other producers and singers had turned down. Originally, Orlando was not able to lend his name to the song, as he was working for April-Blackwood, the background singers on the track were Sharon Greane, Linda November, Jay Siegel, and Toni Wine, who co-wrote the song. Phil Margo played drums on the session, and the arranger was Norman Bergen. After the single hit No.3 on the Billboard Hot 100, the ensemble then recorded the follow-up song Knock Three Times, which topped the Hot 100 on 23 January -6 February 1971. Bell Records was desperate to have an act to promote Dawns records. Orlando asked former Motown/Stax backing vocalists Telma Hopkins and Joyce Vincent Wilson to become Dawn, the threesome then went on the road after Candida and Knock Three Times. After a tour of Europe, Hopkins and Vincent assumed background vocal duties in the studio as well and they were joined in the studio by Vincents sister Pamela Vincent, who in addition to singing, arranged all the backing vocals. Prior touring commitments with Aretha Franklin prevented Vincent from appearing with Dawn on tour, the first single with their voices in the background was Runaway/Happy Together in 1972. The group released another single in 1973, and it became their next No.1 single — Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree. In terms of sales, this single was the most successful in the groups career, the groups next single, Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose, went to No. CBS gave the group a television variety show from the summer of 1974, after The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour ended its run, the show was in the same vein as its predecessor and became a Top 20 hit. In 1975 a remake of the Sam Cooke song Cupid became the groups last Top 40 single on the Hot 100, Sing reached No.7 on the Adult Contemporary Chart in 1977. The group went their separate ways later that year and would have one more single. Orlando is still a popular performer on tour regularly with the Lefty Brothers
16.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
17.
Bee Gees
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The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb, the Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. Born on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton, Manchester, England, the family then moved to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island. The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, the Bee Gees Hall of Fame citation says Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees. Following Maurices sudden death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry, in 2009 Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. Robin died in May 2012 at the age of 62, after a struggle with cancer and other health problems. In December 1957 the boys began to sing in harmony, the story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema and as they were running to the theatre, the fragile shellac 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career. In May 1958 the Rattlesnakes were disbanded when Frost and Horrocks left, with the Gibb brothers then forming Wee Johnny Hayes, in August 1958 the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money and they were introduced to leading Brisbane radio DJ Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960. Gates renamed them the BGs after his, Goodes, and Barry Gibbs initials—thus the name was not specifically a reference to Brothers Gibb, the family relocated to Cribb Island which was later demolished for Brisbane Airport. While there, the brothers went to Northgate State School, by 1960 the Bee Gees were featured on television shows, including their performance of Time Is Passing By. In the next few years they began working regularly at resorts on the Queensland coast, for his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a record deal in 1963 with Festival Records subsidiary Leedon Records under the name Bee Gees. The three released two or three singles a year, while Barry supplied additional songs to other Australian artists, in 1962, the Bee Gees were chosen as the supporting act for Chubby Checkers concert at Sydney Stadium. From 1963 to 1966 the Gibb family lived at 171 Bunnerong Road, the house was demolished in 2016. A minor hit in 1965, Wine and Women, led to the groups first LP, The Bee Gees Sing, by 1966 Festival was, however, on the verge of dropping them from the Leedon roster because of their perceived lack of commercial success. It was at time that they met American-born songwriter, producer and entrepreneur, Nat Kipner. Kipner briefly took over as the manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for Festival being granted the Australian distribution rights to the groups recordings
18.
Roy Orbison
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Roy Kelton Orbison, nicknamed the Big O, was an American singer-songwriter and musician, known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex compositions and dark emotional ballads. The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, between 1960 and 1964,22 of his songs placed on the Billboard Top 40, including Only the Lonely, Crying, and Oh, Pretty Woman. Orbison grew up in Texas and began singing in a rockabilly and country and he was signed by Sun Records in 1956, but his greatest success came with Monument Records in the early 1960s. His career stagnated in the 1970s, but was revived by several versions of his songs. In 1988, he was a member of the Traveling Wilburys supergroup, along with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty and he recorded his last solo album, Mystery Girl, the same year but died of a heart attack shortly thereafter. While most male rock and roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbisons songs instead conveyed a quiet, almost desperate and his voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range. During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes and dark sunglasses, which lent an air of mystery to his persona. His honors include inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in the year. Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time, in 2002, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists. Roy Kelton Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas, the son of Orbie Lee Orbison, an oil well driller and car mechanic, and Nadine Vesta Shults. Both of his parents were unemployed during the Great Depression and, searching for work, moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas and he attended Denver Avenue Elementary School until a polio scare prompted the family to return to Vernon. Later, they moved to Wink, Texas, Orbison later described life in Wink as football, oil fields, oil, grease and sand and expressed relief that he was able to leave the desolate town. All the Orbison children were afflicted with poor eyesight, Roy used thick corrective lenses from an early age and he was not confident about his appearance and began dyeing his nearly-white hair black when he was still young. He was quiet and self-effacing, remarkably polite and obliging — a product, biographer Alan Clayson wrote and he was readily available to sing, however, and often became the focus of attention when he did. He considered his voice memorable, if not great, on Roys sixth birthday, his father gave him a guitar. He later recalled that by the age of seven, I was finished, you know, for anything else and his major musical influence as a youth was country music. He was particularly moved by Lefty Frizzells singing, with its slurred syllables and he also enjoyed Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers. One of the first musicians he heard in person was Ernest Tubb, in West Texas, he was exposed to many forms of music, sepia, Tex-Mex, the orchestral arrangements of Mantovani and cajun
19.
Black Sabbath
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The band experienced multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history. Originally formed as a rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics. They also composed songs about social instability, political corruption and drugs, Osbournes regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979. He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio, in 1992, Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer. The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion, Black Sabbaths final studio album and nineteenth overall,13, features all of the original members but Ward. A year after embarking on a tour, the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017. Iommi has stated, however, that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name, Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath, Paranoid and they were ranked by MTV as the Greatest Metal Band of all time, and placed second in VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they have sold over 70 million records worldwide. Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and they have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance. Following the break-up of their previous band Mythology in 1968, guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward sought to form a blues rock band in Aston. The new group was named the Polka Tulk Blues Band, the name taken either from a brand of talcum powder or an Indian/Pakistani clothing shop. The Polka Tulk Blues Band featured slide guitarist Jimmy Phillips, a friend of Osbournes. After shortening the name to Polka Tulk, the band changed their name to Earth and continued as a four-piece without Phillips. Iommi became concerned that Phillips and Clarke lacked the dedication and were not taking the band seriously. Rather than asking them to leave, they decided to break up. While the band was performing under the Earth title, they recorded several demos written by Norman Haines such as The Rebel, Song for Jim, the demo titled Song for Jim was in reference to Jim Simpson. Jim Simpson was a manager for the bands Bakerloo Blues Line, Simpson was also a trumpet player for the group Locomotive
20.
Glenn Miller
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Alton Glenn Miller was an American big band musician, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era. He was the recording artist from 1939 to 1943, leading one of the best known big bands. While he was traveling to entertain U. S. troops in France during World War II, Miller was born in Clarinda, Iowa, the son of Mattie Lou and Lewis Elmer Miller. He attended grade school in North Platte in western Nebraska, in 1915, Millers family moved to Grant City, Missouri. Around this time, Miller had finally made enough money from milking cows to buy his first trombone, originally, Miller played cornet and mandolin, but he switched to trombone by 1916. In 1918, the Miller family moved again, this time to Fort Morgan, Colorado, in the fall of 1919, he joined the high school football team, Maroons, which won the Northern Colorado Football Conference in 1920. He was named the Best Left End in Colorado, during his senior year, Miller became very interested in a new style of music called dance band music. He was so taken with it that he formed his own band with some classmates, by the time Miller graduated from high school in 1921, he had decided to become a professional musician. He dropped out of school after failing three out of five classes one semester, and decided to concentrate on making a career as a professional musician and he later studied the Schillinger technique with Joseph Schillinger, under whose tutelage he composed what became his signature theme, Moonlight Serenade. In 1926, Miller toured with groups, eventually landing a good spot in Ben Pollacks group in Los Angeles. He also played for Victor Young, allowing him to be mentored by other professional musicians, in the beginning, he was the main trombone soloist of the band. But when Jack Teagarden joined Pollacks band in 1928, Miller found that his solos were cut drastically, from then, he realized that, rather than being a trombonist, his future lay in arranging or writing music. He also had a songbook published in Chicago in 1928 entitled Glenn Millers 125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone by the Melrose Brothers copyrighted in 1927, during his stint with Pollack, Miller wrote several musical arrangements of his own. He also co-wrote his first composition, Room 1411, written with Benny Goodman and released as a Brunswick 78,4013, in 1928, when the band arrived in New York City, he sent for and married his college sweetheart, Helen Burger. He was a member of Red Nicholss orchestra in 1930, and because of Nichols, during the late 1920s and early 1930s, Miller managed to earn a living working as a freelance trombonist in several bands. On a March 21,1928, Victor session, Miller played alongside Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, and Joe Venuti in the All-Star Orchestra, directed by Nat Shilkret. On November 14,1929, an original vocalist named Red McKenzie hired Miller to play on two records that are now considered to be classics, Hello, Lola and If I Could Be With You One Hour Tonight. Beside Miller were clarinetist Pee Wee Russell, guitarist Eddie Condon, drummer Gene Krupa, Miller composed the songs Annies Cousin Fanny, Dese Dem Dose, Harlem Chapel Chimes, and Tomorrows Another Day for the Dorsey Brothers Band in 1934 and 1935
21.
Iron Butterfly
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Iron Butterfly is an American rock band best known for the 1968 hit In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida, providing a dramatic sound that led the way towards the development of hard rock and heavy metal music. The bands seminal 1968 album In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida is among the worlds 40 best-selling albums, Iron Butterfly is also notable for being the first group to receive an RIAA platinum award. The band formed in 1966 in San Diego, the original members were Doug Ingle, Jack Pinney, Greg Willis, and Danny Weis. They were soon joined by tambourine player and vocalist Darryl DeLoach, deLoachs parents garage on Luna Avenue served as the site for their almost nightly rehearsals. Jerry Penrod and Bruce Morse replaced Willis and Pinney after the band relocated to Los Angeles in 1966, in early 1968, the bands debut album Heavy was released after signing a deal with ATCO, an Atlantic Records subsidiary. All but Ingle and Bushy left the band recording the album in late 1967. The remaining musicians, faced with the possibility of the not being released, quickly found replacements in bassist Lee Dorman and guitarist Erik Brann. They were represented by the William Morris Agency, which booked all their live concerts, DeLoach subsequently recorded with Two Guitars, Piano, Drum and Darryl, while Weis and Penrod went on to form the group Rhinoceros. In 1970, DeLoach formed Flintwhistle along with Erik Brann, the band performed live for about a year before breaking up, the members when In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida was recorded were Doug Ingle, Lee Dorman, Ron Bushy, and 17-year-old Erik Brann. The album was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in December 1968 and had sold three million copies by the end of 1970, going platinum along the way. It ultimately sold over 30 million copies and stayed on the Billboard charts for over a year, the band had been booked to play at Woodstock, but got stuck at an airport. When their manager called the promoters of the concert, they explained the situation, however, the manager demanded that the Butterfly be flown in by helicopter, whereupon they would immediately take the stage. After their set, they would be paid and flown back to the airport, the manager was told that this would be taken into consideration and he would be called back. According to drummer Bushy, We went down to the Port Authority three times and waited for the helicopter, but it never showed up, the next album, Ball, reached number three on the charts and went gold, but more lineup changes followed. In 1970, with Erik Brann gone, Iron Butterfly released their studio album. The album managed to get into the top 20, but Doug Ingle quit the group shortly after its release, without an organist for the first time in their history, the remaining four members cut a single, Silly Sally. It failed to chart and proved to be their last recording, the band broke up after playing a final show on May 23,1971. Dorman and Reinhardt subsequently founded Captain Beyond, the band reformed in 1974 with Ron Bushy and Erik Brann joined by bassist Philip Taylor Kramer and keyboardist Howard Reitzes
22.
Johann Sebastian Bach
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Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. Bachs compositions include the Brandenburg Concertos, the Goldberg Variations, the Mass in B minor and his music is revered for its technical command, artistic beauty, and intellectual depth. He is now regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time. Bach was born in Eisenach, in the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach and his father Johann Ambrosius Bach was the director of the town musicians, and all of his uncles were professional musicians. His father probably taught him to play the violin and harpsichord, apparently at his own initiative, Bach attended St. Michaels School in Lüneburg for two years. He received the title of Royal Court Composer from Augustus III in 1736, Bachs health and vision declined in 1749, and he died on 28 July 1750. Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, in present-day Germany and he was the son of Johann Ambrosius Bach, the director of the town musicians, and Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt. He was the eighth and youngest child of Johann Ambrosius, who taught him violin. His uncles were all musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians. One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach, introduced him to the organ, Bachs mother died in 1694, and his father died eight months later. The 10-year-old Bach moved in with his eldest brother, Johann Christoph Bach, there he studied, performed, and copied music, including his own brothers, despite being forbidden to do so because scores were so valuable and private and blank ledger paper of that type was costly. He received valuable teaching from his brother, who instructed him on the clavichord, also during this time he was taught theology, Latin, Greek, French and Italian at the local gymnasium. By 3 April 1700 Bach and his schoolfriend Georg Erdmann–who was two years Bachs elder–were enrolled in the prestigious St. Michaels School in Lüneburg, some two weeks travel north of Ohrdruf and their journey was probably undertaken mostly on foot. His two years there were critical in exposing Bach to a range of European culture. In addition to singing in the choir, he played the Schools three-manual organ and he came into contact with sons of aristocrats from northern Germany, sent to the highly selective school to prepare for careers in other disciplines. While in Lüneburg, Bach had access to St. Johns Church and possibly used the famous organ from 1553. His role there is unclear, but it probably included menial, non-musical duties, despite strong family connections and a musically enthusiastic employer, tension built up between Bach and the authorities after several years in the post. Bach was dissatisfied with the standard of singers in the choir and he called one of them a Zippel Fagottist
23.
Liberace
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Władziu Valentino Liberace, mononymously known as Liberace, was an American pianist, singer, and actor. A child prodigy and the son of immigrants, Liberace enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures. At the height of his fame, from the 1950s to the 1970s, Liberace was the entertainer in the world, with established residencies in Las Vegas. Liberace embraced a lifestyle of flamboyant excess both on and off stage, acquiring the sobriquet Mr. Showmanship, Liberace was born in West Allis, Wisconsin. His father, Salvatore Liberace, was an immigrant from Formia and his mother, Frances Zuchowska, was of Polish descent. Liberace was born with a caul, which in some cultures is considered indicative of genius, good luck and he had a twin, who died at birth. Liberaces father played the French horn in bands and movie theaters, while Sam encouraged music in his family, his wife, Frances, believed music lessons and a record player to be unaffordable luxuries. Liberace later stated, My dads love and respect for music created in him a determination to give as his legacy to the world. Liberace began playing the piano at age four, while Sam took his children to concerts to further expose them to music, he was also a taskmaster demanding high standards from the children in both practice and performance. Liberaces prodigious talent was evident from his early years, by age seven, he was capable of memorizing difficult pieces. He studied the technique of the Polish pianist Ignacy Paderewski, at age eight, he met Paderewski backstage after a concert at the Pabst Theater in Milwaukee. I was intoxicated by the joy I got from the great virtuosos playing and my dreams were filled with fantasies of following his footsteps…Inspired and fired with ambition, I began to practice with a fervor that made my previous interest in the piano look like neglect. Paderewski later became a family friend, the Depression was financially hard on the Liberace family. Liberace concentrated on his playing with the help of music teacher Florence Kelly. He gained experience playing music in theaters, on local radio, for dancing classes, for clubs. In 1934, he played piano with a school group called The Mixers. Liberace also performed in cabarets and strip clubs, though Sam and Frances did not approve, their son was earning a tidy living during hard times. For a while, Liberace adopted the stage name Walter Busterkeys and he also showed an interest in draftsmanship, design, and painting, and became a fastidious dresser and follower of fashion
24.
Alice Cooper
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Alice Cooper is an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans over five decades. He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a macabre, the band reached their commercial peak with the 1973 album Billion Dollar Babies. Furnier adopted the name as his own name in the 1970s. In 2011, he released Welcome 2 My Nightmare, his 19th album as a solo artist, in 2011, the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Cooper is known for his social and witty persona offstage, with The Rolling Stone Album Guide calling him the worlds most beloved heavy metal entertainer. Away from music, Cooper is an actor, a golfing celebrity, a restaurateur, and, since 2004. Cooper was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Ella Mae and his father was a preacher in The Church of Jesus Christ headquartered in Monongahela, Pennsylvania. He has English, Huguenot French, Irish, Scottish, and he was named after his uncle, Vincent Collier Furnier, and the writer Damon Runyon. His paternal grandfather, Thurman Sylvester Furnier, was an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ, Cooper was active in his church at the ages of 11 and 12. While growing up in Detroit, Cooper attended Washington Elementary School, in 1964, 16-year-old Furnier was eager to participate in the local annual Lettermans talent show, so he gathered fellow cross-country teammates to form a group for the show. Because they did not know how to play any instruments at the time, they dressed up like the Beatles and mimed their performance to Beatles songs. As a result of winning the talent show and loving the experience of being onstage and they soon renamed themselves The Spiders, featuring Furnier on vocals, Glen Buxton on lead guitar, John Tatum on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and John Speer on drums. Musically, the group was inspired by such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks, the Doors. For the next year the band performed regularly around the Phoenix area with a huge black spiders web as their backdrop, in 1965, the Spiders recorded their first single, Why Dont You Love Me, with Furnier learning the harmonica for the song. The singles B-side track was the Marvin Gaye Tamla Records hit Hitch Hike, the single was recorded at Copper State Recording Studio and issued by local micro-imprint Santa Cruz Records. By 1967, the band had begun to make regular trips to Los Angeles to play shows. They soon renamed themselves Nazz and released the single Wonder Whos Lovin Her Now, backed with future Alice Cooper track Lay Down and Die, around this time, drummer John Speer was replaced by Neal Smith. By the end of the year, the band had relocated to Los Angeles, in 1968, the band learned that Todd Rundgren also had a band called Nazz, and found themselves in need of another stage name
25.
Welcome to My Nightmare
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Welcome to My Nightmare is the eighth studio album by Alice Cooper, released in March 1975. This was Alice Coopers first solo album, and his album for the Atlantic Records label. The ensuing tour was one of the most over-the-top excursions of that era, most of Lou Reed’s band joined Cooper for this record. It is an album, the songs, heard in sequence. It inspired the Alice Cooper, The Nightmare TV special and a concert tour in 1975. A sequel, Welcome 2 My Nightmare was released in 2011, the cover artwork was created by Drew Struzan for Pacific Eye & Ear. Rolling Stone would later rank it ninetieth on the list of the “Top 100 Album Covers Of All Time”, the remastered CD version adds three alternate version bonus tracks. Famed film actor of the horror genre Vincent Price provided the introductory monologue in the song The Black Widow, the original version of “Escape” was recorded by The Hollywood Stars for their shelved 1974 album “Shine Like a Radio”, which was finally released in 2013. Welcome to My Nightmare received generally mixed reviews upon release, dave Marsh of Rolling Stone called the album “a TV soundtrack that sounds like one. The horn parts are so corny you might imagine that you’re listening to the heavy-metal Ann-Margret. ”He concluded by saying that it “is simply a synthesis of every mildly wicked, tepidly controversial trick in the Cooper handbook. But in escaping from the mask of rock singer which he claimed he found so confining, Cooper has found just another false face. ”In addition, Robert Christgau rated the album a B- grade, stating that it “actually ain’t so bad – no worse than all the others. However, a review by Allmusic’s Greg Prato was more positive. ”The New York Times, describing the subsequent tour. The album also covers of the title track and Only Women Bleed. All four tracks feature the albums producer, Bob Kulick. Tori Amos covered Only Women Bleed as a B-side to the track of her 2001 album Strange Little Girls. Alice Cooper Welcome To My Nightmare Tour Program Alice Cooper Welcome To My Nightmare on Original Album Cover Art
26.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
27.
B movie
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A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie, but one that is not an arthouse film. In its original usage, during the Golden Age of Hollywood, although the U. S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s, the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today. In either usage, most B movies represent a particular genre—the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple, while low-budget science-fiction, early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character. Almost always shorter than the films they were paired with. The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners, latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels, but series are less common. As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased, so did that of B pictures, the term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted, mainstream films with exploitation-style content, usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie. From their beginnings to the present day, B movies have provided both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning. Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies and they are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established, and they have provided work for former A movie actors, such as Vincent Price and Karen Black. Some actors, such as Bela Lugosi, Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier, the term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures. In 1927–28, at the end of the silent era, the production cost of a feature from a major Hollywood studio ranged from $190,000 at Fox to $275,000 at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. That average reflected both specials that might cost as much as $1 million and films made quickly for around $50,000. These cheaper films allowed the studios to derive value from facilities. Studios in the leagues of the industry, such as Columbia Pictures and Film Booking Offices of America. Their movies, with short running times, targeted theaters that had to economize on rental and operating costs, particularly small-town and urban neighborhood venues. A new programming scheme developed that would become standard practice, a newsreel, a short and/or serial. The second feature, which screened before the main event. The majors clearance rules favoring their affiliated theaters prevented the independents timely access to top-quality films, the low-budget picture of the 1920s thus evolved into the second feature, the B movie, of Hollywoods Golden Age. The major studios, at first resistant to the double feature, all established B units to provide films for the expanding second-feature market
28.
Empire of the Ants (film)
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Empire of the Ants is a 1977 science fiction horror film co-scripted and directed by Bert I. Based very loosely on the short story Empire of the Ants by H. G. Wells, the film involves a group of prospective land buyers led by a land developer, pitted against giant, mutated ants. It is the third and last film released in A. I. P. s H. G. Wells film cycle, a heavenly paradise becomes a hellish nightmare when a toxic spill turns harmless ants into gigantic rampaging monster insects. The opening narration briefly introduces the viewer to the ant and its behavior and it takes note how ants use pheromones to communicate, and how they cause an obligatory response that must be obeyed. But humans dont have to worry about that, as the opening credits roll, barrels of radioactive waste are being dumped off a boat into the ocean. Eventually one of the barrels washes up on the shore and begins to leak a silvery goo attractive to local ants, meanwhile, shady land developer Marilyn Fryser takes a bunch of new clients to view some beach-front property on a nearby island. In reality the land is worthless, but the trip is cut short by the group stumbling upon the lair of gigantic ants, the ants destroy their boat and chase the group through the woods. Fleeing for their lives through the wilderness and losing many of their party along the way, but their safety is short-lived when they realize that not only are the giant ants feeding on the local sugar factory, but that they are doing so at the behest of the humans. The queen ant, using pheromones, has the town completely under control. However, the survivors manage to escape and burn the factory, killing the giant ants. As with most Bert I. Gordon films, the director himself oversaw most of the special effects. When the film called for actors to be attacked by the ants, large rubber mock-ups were used, joan Collins later said she did not like working with the ant props as they bumped and scratched the actors, including herself. Principal photography took place on location in the Florida Everglades and St Lucie, filming in a remote swampland sometimes proved to be problematic, and was particularly taxing for the women because their restrooms were approximately a half-hour away by speedboat. Actress Pamela Susan Shoop recalls that because it was a half-hour each way and it was a mess, but the shoot was fun. Another problem with the location was dealing with the unpredictable wildlife, according to actor Robert Pine, there was one scene where the actors had to fall out of a rowboat and into the swampy river, where there were apparently live crocodiles. The director had previously promised that a cage would be installed to protect the actors, also, even though they were filming in Florida, the autumn weather ended up sending temperatures to freezing levels. At one point, the weather was so bad that it caused Shoops jaw to dislocate during one of her screaming scenes. Robert Pine on Empire of the Ants, sci-Fi Swarm and Horror Horde, Interviews with 62 Filmmakers
29.
The Food of the Gods (film)
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The Food of the Gods is a 1976 science fiction thriller film released by American International Pictures and was written, produced, and directed by Bert I. The Food of the Gods starred Marjoe Gortner, Pamela Franklin, Ralph Meeker, Jon Cypher, John McLiam and this film was loosely based on a portion of the H. G. Wells novel The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth. Michael Medved gave it the Golden Turkey Award for Worst Rodent Movie Of All Time, the film reduced Wells tale to an Ecology Strikes Back scenario, common in science fiction movies at the time. The food mysteriously bubbles up from the ground on an island somewhere in British Columbia. Mr. and Mrs. Skinner consider it a gift from God, and feed it to their chickens, rats, wasps, and grub worms also consume the substance, and the island becomes infested with giant vermin. One night, a swarm of giant rats kill Mr. Skinner after his car tyre punctured in the forest, a professional football player named Morgan is on the island for a hunting trip with his buddies when one of them is stung to death by giant wasps. After ferrying his friends back to the mainland, Morgan returns to investigate, after Morgan locates and dynamites the giant wasps enormous nest, he and the others become trapped in the Skinners farmhouse, surrounded by giant rats. Mrs. Skinner, Morgans friend Brian, and Bensington are killed by the rats, Morgan blows up a nearby dam, flooding the area and drowning the rats, whose size and weight renders them unable to swim. After the waters clear, the pile up the bodies of the rats, spilling the jars of F. O. T. G. However, several of Mrs. Skinners jars of F. O. T. G. are swept away, drifting to a mainland farm. The substance is consumed by cows, and in the films closing scene, schoolchildren are shown unwittingly drinking the tainted milk. Scream Factory released the film on May 26,2015 first time on Blu-ray Disc as a feature with Frogs. The movie was AIPs most successful release of the year, causing them to make a series of films based on H. G. Wells novels. It was nominated for the Best Horror Film by the Academy of Science Fiction and it has a score of 24% at Rotten Tomatoes from 17 reviewers. In 1989 a sequel, entitled Food of the Gods II, was released, the Food of the Gods - Review at AMC The Food of the Gods at the Internet Movie Database The Food of the Gods at AllMovie The Food of the Gods at Rotten Tomatoes
30.
Squirm (film)
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Squirm is a 1976 American natural horror film directed by Jeff Lieberman, and starring Don Scardino and Patricia Pearcy. The plot follows a small Georgia town that becomes inundated with flesh-burrowing worms and it features early makeup work from Oscar-winning makeup artist Rick Baker. The film was shot over the course of 24 days in Port Wentworth, the townspeople soon discover that their sleepy fishing village is overrun with worms that burrow right into their skin. Inundated by hundreds of thousands of creatures, the terrorized locals race to find the cause of the rampage before becoming tilled under themselves. Don Scardino as Mick Patricia Pearcy as Geraldine Geri Sanders R. A, klopp The film was released theatrically in the United States by American International Pictures on July 30,1976. This movie was initially rated R by the MPAA and released theatrically in that form in the U. S and this new cut of the picture received a PG rating and, subsequently, was also released theatrically by AIP. No additional edits were made specifically for the United States video release, the R-rated version has a slightly longer shot in the shower in the beginning of the film, and a slightly longer shot of the worms burrowing into Rogers face. Since the PG-rated version is considered the theatrical release version of the film. The film was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment in 2003, the VHS version of the MGM re-release contained the PG version, while the DVD contained the R version. The R-rated version is one minute longer than the PG-rated version, the uncut R-rated version was released in the UK on Blu-ray and DVD by Arrow Video on September 23,2013. This same version was released in the US on Blu-ray by Shout, factory/Scream Factory on October 28,2014. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an rating of 36% based on 14 reviews with an average rating of 4. 6/10. Film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, Squirm was a popular late-night feature on SuperStation TBS in the 1980s after Atlanta Braves baseball games. Braves announcer Skip Caray famously promoted the movie by sarcastically offering Braves fans an autographed baseball if they stayed up to watch it. TBS received over 1,000 reviews in response, pittsburgh musician Weird Paul Petroskey created an entire album, Worm in My Egg Cream, dedicated to the worm in the egg cream scene and making extensive use of samples from the film. All 16 tracks on the album are titled Worm in My Egg Cream, in 1999, Squirm was one of the final films to be featured on the cult TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000. The film was edited for its MST3K appearance. Squirm at the Internet Movie Database Squirm at AllMovie Squirm at Rotten Tomatoes Squirm at badmovies. org Mystery Science Theater 3000 Squirm at the Internet Movie Database
31.
Star Wars (film)
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Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. The first installment in the Star Wars film series, it stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew co-star in supporting roles. The plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia, and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empires space station and this conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker, who inadvertently acquires a pair of droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star. Star Wars was released theatrically in the United States on May 25,1977 and it earned $461 million in the U. S. and $314 million overseas, totaling $775 million. It surpassed Jaws to become the film of all time until the release of E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial. When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the film in North America. It received ten Academy Award nominations, winning seven and it was among the first films to be selected as part of the U. S. Library of Congress National Film Registry as being culturally, historically, at the time, it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. Its soundtrack was added to the U. S. National Recording Registry in 2004, today, it is often regarded as one of the best films of all time, as well as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures. It launched an industry of tie-in products, including TV series spinoffs, novels, comic books, and video games, the films success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, followed by a trilogy beginning in 2015. In 2016, Rogue One was released as a prequel to the original Star Wars film. The galaxy is in the midst of a civil war, spies for the Rebel Alliance have stolen plans to the Galactic Empires Death Star, a heavily armed space station capable of destroying an entire planet. Rebel leader Princess Leia has the plans, but her ship is captured by Imperial forces under the command of the evil Darth Vader, before she is captured, Leia hides the plans in the memory of an astromech droid, R2-D2, along with a holographic recording. R2-D2 flees to the surface of the desert planet Tatooine with C-3PO, the droids are captured by Jawa traders, who sell them to moisture farmers Owen and Beru Lars and their nephew Luke Skywalker. While cleaning R2-D2, Luke accidentally triggers part of Leias message, the next morning, Luke finds R2-D2 searching for Obi-Wan, and meets Ben Kenobi, an old hermit who lives in the hills and reveals himself to be Obi-Wan. Contrary to his uncles statements, Luke learns that his father, Anakin, Obi-Wan tells Luke that Vader was his former pupil who turned to the dark side of the Force and killed Anakin. Obi-Wan then presents to Luke his fathers weapon – a lightsaber, Obi-Wan views Leias complete message, in which she begs him to take the Death Star plans to her home planet of Alderaan and give them to her father for analysis
32.
Darth Vader
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Darth Vader, also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors and his appearances span the first six Star Wars films, as well as Rogue One, and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars, The Force Awakens. He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series, video games, novels, literature and comic books. Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force, he falls to the side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master. He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa, grandfather of Kylo Ren, Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture, and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever. The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in history on 100 Years. 100 Heroes and Villains, behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates, however, other critics consider him a tragic hero, citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side. After the success of the original Star Wars, series creator George Lucas hired science fiction author Leigh Brackett to write the sequel with him and they held story conferences and, by late November 1977, Lucas had produced a handwritten treatment. The treatment is similar to the film, except that Vader does not reveal he is Lukes father. In the first draft that Brackett would write from this, Lukes father appears as a ghost to instruct Luke, Lucas was disappointed with the script, but Brackett died of cancer before he could discuss it with her. With no writer available, Lucas had to write the next draft himself, in this draft, he made use of a new plot twist, Vader claiming to be Lukes father. According to Lucas, he found this draft enjoyable to write, the new plot element of Lukes parentage had drastic effects on the series. Anakin battled Kenobi on the site of a volcano and was badly wounded, meanwhile, Kenobi hid Luke on Tatooine while the Galactic Republic became the tyrannical Galactic Empire and Vader systematically hunted down and killed the Jedi. This change in character would provide a springboard to the Tragedy of Darth Vader storyline that underlies the prequel trilogy, after deciding to create the prequel trilogy, Lucas indicated the series would be a tragic one depicting Anakins fall to the dark side. He also saw that the prequels could form the beginning of one story that started with Anakins childhood. This was the step towards turning the film series into a saga. For the first prequel, Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Movie trailers focused on Anakin and a one-sheet poster showing him casting Vaders shadow informed otherwise unknowing audiences of the characters eventual fate. The movie ultimately achieved a goal of introducing audiences to Anakin
33.
C-3PO
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C-3PO or See-Threepio is a humanoid robot character from the Star Wars franchise who appears in the original Star Wars films, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy. Created by Anakin Skywalker, C-3PO was designed as a protocol droid intended to assist in etiquette, customs, along with his astromech droid counterpart and friend R2-D2, C-3PO provides comic relief within the narrative structure of the films, and serving as foils. C-3PO also appears frequently in the Star Wars Canon and Star Wars Legends continuities of novels, comic books, and video games, and was a major character in the ABC television show Droids. In Star Wars, C-3PO is introduced to the audience when he, when R2-D2 attempts to leave the ship to deliver a secret message to Obi-Wan Kenobi, C-3PO follows R2-D2 into an escape pod, which lands on the planet Tatooine. There, C-3PO and R2-D2 are captured by Jawas, and are taken to be sold, in the process of being sold to Owen Lars, C-3PO convinces his new owner to buy R2-D2 as well. The duo ultimately lead Lars nephew, Luke Skywalker, to Obi-Wan, when the ship is taken hostage on the Death Star, C-3PO helps R2-D2 shut down the space stations trash computer, saving their human companions lives, before escaping on board the Falcon. When R2-D2 is damaged during the Battle of Yavin, a grief-stricken C-3PO offers to donate his spare parts to repair his counterpart. C-3PO and a repaired R2-D2 are present at the celebration of the Death Stars destruction at the end of the film, throughout the film C-3PO is a foil to R2-D2s antics, even when C-3PO translates R2-D2s machine speech for the audience. When R2 is damaged in the Battle of Yavin, C-3PO offers to donate any mechanical parts helpful in his repair, C-3PO also displays the ability to deceive humans. In The Empire Strikes Back, C-3PO is responsible for identifying the Empires probe droid, C-3PO escapes with Han, Chewbacca, and Leia in the Millennium Falcon, while R2-D2 joins Luke in his search for Yoda. During this time C-3PO and Solo are often shown as foils, C-3PO quoting odds, after a chase through the Hoth asteroid field, the Falcon escapes to Cloud City on Bespin. While exploring a room in Cloud City, C-3PO is blasted by an off-camera stormtrooper, in search of R2-D2, Chewbacca heads to the Ugnaught recycling facility where he finds the dismembered parts of the droid. When Darth Vader reveals his presence to the group that day, Chewbacca is sent into a holding cell, but is permitted to rebuild the droid. Thereafter, Chewbacca carries the partially rebuilt C-3PO on his back during Hans encasement in carbonite, with the help of the citys administrator, Lando Calrissian, Princess Leia, Chewbacca, and C-3PO escape the city. Having C-3PO on Chewbaccas back proves to be beneficial, in that when Boba Fett escapes the city with Han Solo, while escaping Vaders flagship Executor, R2-D2 begins repairing C-3PO. After making their way to the Rebels rendezvous point, C-3PO is fully repaired, in Return of the Jedi, Luke commands C-3PO and R2-D2 to deliver a message to Jabba the Hutt, whereby C-3PO is used as Jabbas translator while R2-D2 serves on his flying sail barge. C-3POs first translation for the lord is of the bounty hunter Boushh — Leia in disguise — claiming the bounty for Chewbacca. When Luke attempts escape, R2-D2 tosses him his lightsaber, with which he attacks Jabbas guards, in the midst of the battle, C-3PO is attacked by Salacious Crumb, who pulls out his right photoreceptor before being driven off by R2-D2
34.
Obi Wan
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Obi-Wan Ben Kenobi is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed by Alec Guinness and Ewan McGregor in the films. In the original trilogy, he is a mentor to Luke Skywalker, in the prequel trilogy, he is a master and friend to Anakin Skywalker. He is frequently featured as a character in various other Star Wars media. Obi-Wan Kenobi is introduced in the original Star Wars living as the hermit Ben Kenobi on the planet Tatooine, when Luke Skywalker and the droid C-3PO wander off in search of the lost droid R2-D2, Ben rescues them from a band of native Tusken Raiders. At his home, R2-D2 plays Ben a recording of Princess Leia which explains that R2-D2 contains the plans for the Death Star, Leia asks him to deliver the droid and the plans safely to the planet Alderaan in order to help the Rebel Alliance. He gives Luke his fathers lightsaber and asks Luke to accompany him to Alderaan, Luke declines, but promises to take Obi-Wan as far as Anchorhead Station. After Luke finds his uncle and aunt killed by Imperial troops, he agrees to go with Obi-Wan to Alderaan, in the spaceport city Mos Eisley, Obi-Wan uses the Force to trick Imperial troops into letting them through a military checkpoint. They enter a cantina and make a deal with two smugglers, Han Solo and Chewbacca, to fly them to Alderaan in their ship. During the journey, Obi-Wan begins instructing Luke in lightsaber training and he suddenly becomes weak and tells Luke of a great disturbance in the Force. Emerging from hyperspace, the party finds that Alderaan has been destroyed, the trio chase the TIE fighter to the Death Star, and subsequently get caught in the Death Stars tractor beam. On board the Death Star, Obi-Wan shuts down the tractor beam, Obi-Wan uses the duel to distract Vader as Luke, Leia, Han and Chewbacca escape to the Falcon. Although Vader strikes Obi-Wan down, his body mysteriously vanishes the moment he dies, at the climax of the film during the Rebel attack on the Death Star, Obi-Wan speaks to Luke through the Force to help him destroy the Imperial station. In The Empire Strikes Back, Obi-Wan Kenobi appears several times as a spirit through the Force, on the planet Hoth, he appears to instruct Luke to go to the planet Dagobah to find the exiled Jedi Master Yoda. Despite Yodas skepticism, Obi-Wan convinces his old master to continue Lukes training and he appears later to beseech Luke not to leave Dagobah to try to rescue his friends on Cloud City, although Luke ignores this advice. In Return of the Jedi, Obi-Wan again appears to Luke after Yodas death on Dagobah, Obi-Wan acknowledges that Darth Vader is indeed Lukes father, revealed by Vader in the previous film and confirmed by Yoda on his deathbed, and also reveals that Leia is Lukes twin sister. After the second Death Star is destroyed and the Empire defeated, Obi-Wan appears at the celebration in the Ewok village, alongside the spirits of Yoda, in Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Obi-Wan Kenobi appears as the Jedi Padawan of Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn. He accompanies his master in negotiations with the Trade Federation, which is blockading the planet Naboo with a fleet of spaceships and their ship is damaged in the escape, however, and they are forced to land on Tatooine, where they discover a young Anakin Skywalker. Qui-Gon senses Anakins extraordinarily strong link to the Force and brings the boy to Coruscant to begin Jedi training, when Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan return to Naboo to defeat the Trade Federation, they are met by Sith Lord Darth Maul
35.
Blade Runner
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Blade Runner is a 1982 American neo-noir science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos. The film, written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples, is an adaptation of the 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. by Philip K. Dick. The film depicts a dystopian Los Angeles in which genetically engineered replicants, the use of replicants on Earth is banned and they are exclusively utilized for dangerous or menial work on off-world colonies. Replicants who defy the ban and return to Earth are hunted down, during his investigations, Deckard begins a relationship with Rachael, an advanced replicant who causes him to question his and the replicants humanity. Blade Runner initially polarized critics, some were displeased with the pacing, the year following its release, the film won the prestigious Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Blade Runner underperformed in North American theaters, but has become a cult film. Hailed for its design, depicting a retrofitted future, it remains a leading example of the neo-noir genre. It brought the work of Philip K. Dick to the attention of Hollywood, Ridley Scott regards Blade Runner as probably his most complete and personal film. In 1993, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed culturally, historically, Blade Runner is now regarded by many critics as one of the all-time best science fiction films. Seven versions of the film have been shown for various markets as a result of changes made by film executives. A Directors Cut was released in 1992 after a response to workprint screenings. This, in conjunction with its popularity as a rental, made it one of the first films released on DVD, resulting in a basic disc with mediocre video. A sequel, Blade Runner 2049, is scheduled for release in 2017, in Los Angeles in November 2019, ex-police officer Rick Deckard is detained by officer Gaff and brought to his former supervisor, Bryant. Deckard, whose job as a Blade Runner was to track down bioengineered beings known as replicants, as Tyrell Corporation Nexus-6 models, they have only a four-year lifespan and may have come to Earth to try to extend their lives. Deckard watches a video of a Blade Runner named Holden administering the Voight-Kampff test designed to distinguish replicants from humans based on their response to questions. The test subject, Leon, shoots Holden after Holden asks about Leons mother, Bryant wants Deckard to retire Leon and the other three replicants, Roy Batty, Zhora, and Pris. Deckard initially refuses, but after Bryant ambiguously threatens him, he reluctantly agrees, Deckard begins his investigation at the Tyrell Corporation to ensure that the test works on Nexus-6 models. While there, he discovers that Dr. Eldon Tyrells assistant Rachael is a replicant who believes herself to be human
36.
The Thing (1982 film)
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The Thing is a 1982 American science-fiction horror film directed by John Carpenter, written by Bill Lancaster, and starring Kurt Russell. The films title refers to its primary antagonist, a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that assimilates other organisms, the Thing infiltrates an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group. The film is based on John W. Campbell, Jr. s novella Who Goes There, which was more loosely adapted by Howard Hawks and Christian Nyby as the 1951 film The Thing from Another World. Carpenter considers The Thing to be the first part of his Apocalypse Trilogy, followed by Prince of Darkness, Carpenter acknowledged that the work of H. P. On June 25,1982, The Thing opened in 840 theaters and it remained in the top 10 for three weeks. The lower-than-expected performance has been attributed to many factors, the ones being the runaway success of Steven Spielbergs E. T. However. The film was eventually reappraised by critics, and is now considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made, in Antarctica, a Norwegian helicopter pursues an Alaskan Malamute to an American research station. Upon landing, a Norwegian accidentally drops a thermite charge, destroying the helicopter, the surviving Norwegian pursues the dog, firing a rifle, until he is shot dead by Garry, the station commander. The Americans send a pilot, MacReady, and Dr. Copper to the Norwegian camp for answers. Outside, they discover the remains of a humanoid corpse with two faces, which they bring back along with some video tapes. Their biologist, Blair, performs an autopsy on the corpse, clark kennels the Malamute with the stations sled dogs, it soon metamorphoses and attacks them. When he hears the commotion, MacReady pulls the fire alarm, Blair performs another autopsy which leads him to believe the creature perfectly imitates other organisms. The Norwegians records lead the Americans to a flying saucer that the stations geologist, Norris. Blair becomes increasingly paranoid and withdraws, calculating that if the alien escapes to a civilized area, Fuchs tells MacReady that he is worried about Blair, and according to Blairs journal, the creatures dead remains are still active on a cellular level. The camp enacts safety measures designed to reduce risk of assimilation, the creature assimilates Bennings, but Windows catches him outside before his metamorphosis is complete and MacReady burns the creature before it can escape. They discover Blair has wrecked all the transports and killed the remaining sled dogs, the team subdue Blair as he is destroying the radio and lock him in an isolated tool shed. Copper recommends a blood-serum test to determine who is assimilated, MacReady takes charge and orders Fuchs to continue Blairs work, but Fuchs disappears, MacReady, Windows, and Nauls find his burnt corpse outside. Windows returns to warn the others while MacReady and Nauls investigate further, on the way back, Nauls cuts MacReady loose from the tow line, assuming that he has been assimilated when he finds a torn shirt with MacReadys name on it
37.
The Cannonball Run
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The Cannonball Run is a 1981 American-Hong Kong comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Jackie Chan, Roger Moore, Dom DeLuise, Farrah Fawcett, and an all-star supporting cast filmed in Panavision. It was directed by Hal Needham, produced by Hong Kongs Golden Harvest films, one of 1981s most successful films at the box office, it was followed by Cannonball Run II, and Speed Zone. This and the 1984 sequel were the film appearances of actor Dean Martin. Race teams have gathered in Connecticut to start a car race. One at a time, teams drive up to the stand, punch a time card to indicate their time of departure. Among the teams, JJ McClure and Victor Prinzi, drive a souped-up, former open-wheel icon Jamie Blake and his teammate Morris Fenderbaum, dressed as Catholic priests, drive a red Ferrari 308 GTS1979. Jill Rivers and Marcie Thatcher, two women who use their looks to their advantage, start the race in a black Lamborghini Countach. Jackie Chan and Michael Hui race in a high-tech, computer-laden Subaru GL 4WD hatchback with a booster engine. Roger Moore plays heir to the Goldfarb Girdles fortune, Seymour Goldfarb, Jr. who perpetually identifies himself as actor Roger Moore and his character behaves similarly to James Bond and only once is called by his real name. He drives a silver Aston Martin DB5, Jamie Farr portrays an oil-rich Middle-Eastern sheikh, driving a white Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow. In the car with Foyt is a photographer and tree lover, beyond the starting line, JJ and Victor come across Foyt and Glover, who have been involved in a minor fender-bender. Glover implores JJ and Victor to help, but when they tell Foyt to enter the ambulance through the door, they kidnap Glover. As the race progresses, Victor occasionally turns into his alter ego, the very spooky Dr. Van Helsing and his huge hypodermic needle are also in the ambulance to help keep Glover quiet during the race. Various teams are shown either evading law enforcement, most of which deal with talking their way out of a possible ticket, Jill and Marcie use sex appeal as their weapon, unzipping their race suits to display copious amounts of cleavage during traffic stops. The Subaru team is able to turn off their cars headlights, Seymour Goldfarb is frequently shown evading police by using various James Bond-type gadgets, such as oil slicks, smoke screens, switchable number plates installed in his Aston Martin DB5. Mr. Compton and Super Chief Finch disguise themselves as a couple on a motorcycle. The primary rivalry is between the ambulance and the Ferrari, in Ohio, Fenderbaum and Blake are able to convince Victor to pull over the ambulance in order to bless the patient on board. While Blake carries out the blessing, Fenderbaum flattens one of the rear tires
38.
Police Academy (franchise)
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Police Academy is a series of American comedy films, the first six of which were made in the 1980s. The seventh and to date last installment, Mission to Moscow, was released in 1994, the series opened with Police Academy which started with the premise that a new mayor had announced a policy requiring the police department to accept all willing recruits. The movie followed a group of recruits in their attempts to prove themselves capable of being police officers. The main character, Carey Mahoney, was a repeat offender who was forced to join the academy as punishment. In general, all of the movies and television shows depended on low-brow humor, usually based on simple characterizations, as with many similar movies, the theme was a group of underdogs struggling to prove themselves while various stereotyped authority figures tried to suppress them. The sequels have not been received by critics over the years. The first film grossed $81.2 million in North America, Police Academy was released in 1984, and directed by Hugh Wilson. The film has an elected mayor announcing a policy requiring the police department to accept all willing recruits. The movie followed a group of recruits in their attempts to prove themselves capable of being police officers. In Police Academy 2, Their First Assignment, the graduated cadets are sent to one of the worst precincts in the city to improve the conditions. Lt. Mauser undermines their attempts so that he can get Capt. Lassard fired, Police Academy 3, Back in Training was released in 1986, and like its predecessor was directed by Jerry Paris. This is hindered by their unusual gang of new cadets, the fourth installment, Police Academy 4, Citizens on Patrol, released in 1987, involves new recruits being brought in when the officers work with a newly formed Citizens On Patrol group. However, Harris and Proctor are in charge and plan to dismantle the program, Citizens on Patrol was the final film starring Guttenberg. Police Academy 5, Assignment Miami Beach was released in 1988, the thieves try to get it back. The sixth installment, Police Academy 6, City Under Siege directed by Peter Bonerz, was released in 1989, when the city suffers from a dangerous set of crimes by a gang of jewel thieves, the Metropolitan Police Academy graduates are brought in to do something about it. Police Academy, Mission to Moscow released in 1994, and directed by Alan Metter involved the officers go to Russia to help catch an international crime figure. The music score was composed by Robert Folk, which includes a famous melody theme that appears in all the rest of the movies, however, a pop song entitled Im Gonna Be Somebody by Jack Mack is used at the end of #1. For #4, a rap song, Citizens on Patrol, was written by John Debney and sung by Michael Winslow, as of September 2003, plans were set in motion for an eighth Police Academy film to be released in 2007 after a decade of absence
39.
Back to the Future
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Back to the Future is a 1985 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mothers romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett Doc Brown, Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985. Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale mused upon whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school together, various film studios rejected the script until the financial success of Zemeckis Romancing the Stone. Zemeckis approached Steven Spielberg, who agreed to produce the project at Amblin Entertainment, the first choice for the role of Marty McFly was Michael J. Fox. However, he was filming his television series Family Ties. Consequently, Eric Stoltz was cast in the role, during filming, Stoltz and the filmmakers decided that the role was miscast, and Fox was again approached for the part. Now with more flexibility in his schedule and the blessing of his shows producers, Fox managed to out a timetable in which he could give enough time. Back to the Future was released on July 3,1985, grossing over $381 million worldwide, ronald Reagan even quoted the film in his 1986 State of the Union Address. Teenager Marty McFly is an aspiring musician dating girlfriend Jennifer Parker in Hill Valley and his father George is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen, while his mother Lorraine is an overweight, depressed alcoholic. While dissatisfied with Martys relationship with Jennifer, Lorraine recalls how she met George when her father hit him with a car, on October 26,1985, Marty meets his scientist friend, Dr. Emmett Brown, at a shopping mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean and powered by plutonium stolen from Libyan terrorists, Doc demonstrates the navigation system with the example date of November 5,1955, the day he conceived the machine. A moment later, the Libyans arrive and shoot him, apparently killing him, Marty escapes in the DeLorean, but inadvertently activates the time machine, and arrives in 1955 without the required plutonium needed to return. There, Marty encounters the teenage George, who is bullied by classmate Biff, after Marty saves George from an oncoming car and is knocked unconscious, he awakens to find himself tended by an infatuated Lorraine. Marty leaves and tracks down Docs younger self to help him return to 1985, with no plutonium, Doc explains that the only power source capable of generating the necessary 1.21 gigawatts of electrical power for the time machine is a bolt of lightning. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that recounts a lightning strike at the courthouse the coming Saturday night. Marty realizes that he has prevented his parents from meeting and Doc warns Marty that he will be erased from existence if he not find a way to introduce George to Lorraine. Doc formulates a plan to harness the power of the lightning while Marty sets about introducing his parents, when Lorraine asks Marty to the upcoming school dance, Marty plans to have George rescue Lorraine from Martys inappropriate advances
40.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren, and stars Henry Thomas, Dee Wallace, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore, Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh. It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial. He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother, the concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies and it was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$10.5 million. Unlike most films, it was shot in chronological order. Released on June 11,1982 by Universal Pictures, E and it is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s. In 1994, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being culturally, historically and it was re-released in 1985, and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes. In a Californian forest, a group of alien botanists land in a spacecraft, when government agents appear on the scene, they flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. At a suburban home, a boy named Elliott is spending time with his brother, Michael. As he returns from picking up a pizza, he discovers that something is hiding in their tool shed, the creature promptly flees upon being discovered. Despite his familys disbelief, Elliott leaves Reeses Pieces candy to lure the creature to his bedroom, before he goes to sleep, he realizes it is imitating his movements. He feigns illness the next morning to stay home from school, later that day, Michael and their five-year-old sister, Gertie, meet it. They decide to keep it hidden from their mother, Mary, when they ask it about its origin, it levitates several balls to represent its solar system and then demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead chrysanthemum. At school the day, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien, including exhibiting signs of intoxication. As the alien watches John Wayne kiss Maureen OHara in The Quiet Man on TV, Elliott then kisses a girl he likes in the same manner and he is sent to the principals office. The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says as she watches Sesame Street and, at Elliotts urging and he reads a comic strip where Buck Rogers, stranded, calls for help by building a makeshift communication device and is inspired to try it himself. E. T. receives Elliotts help in building a device to phone home by using a Speak & Spell toy, Michael notices that E. T. s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as we
41.
The Muppet Movie
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The Muppet Movie is a 1979 musical road comedy film and the first theatrical film featuring the Muppets. Directed by James Frawley and produced by Jim Henson, the screenplay was written by The Muppet Show writers Jerry Juhl. In 2009, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress, the Muppets have gathered in a theatre, in a Hollywood film studio, to screen their new biographical film, The Muppet Movie. As Kermit continuously declines Docs offers, Hopper resorts to increasingly vicious means of persuasion, meeting Fozzie Bear, who works as a hapless comedian in the El Sleezo Cafe, Kermit invites Fozzie to accompany him. The two set out in a 1951 Studebaker loaned to Fozzie by his hibernating uncle, the duo’s journey includes misadventures which introduce them to a variety of eccentric human and Muppet characters, including Dr. While Kermit and Miss Piggy form a relationship over dinner that night, Doc Hopper, after receiving a job offer, however, she promptly abandons a devastated Kermit. After an incident in the theater where the projector briefly breaks down, with film tangled around the Swedish Chef, who was the projectionist, having been joined by Rowlf the Dog and reunited with Miss Piggy, the Muppets continue their journey. Fozzies 1946 Ford Woodie station wagon trade-in breaks down in the New Mexico desert, during a campfire that night, the group sadly considers that they may miss the audition tomorrow, and Kermit wanders off, ashamed of himself for seemingly bringing his friends on a fruitless journey. Upon consulting a more optimistic vision of himself, Kermit remembers that it was not just his friends belief in the dream that brought them this far, but also his own faith in himself. Reinvigorated, he returns to camp to find that the Electric Mayhem and Scooter have read the script in advance, just as it seems they are finally on their way, the group is warned by Max that Doc Hopper has hired an assassin named Snake Walker to kill Kermit. While confronting Hopper, Kermit explains his motivations, attempting to appeal to Hopper’s own hopes and dreams and they are saved only when one of Dr. Bunsens inventions, insta-grow pills, temporarily turns Animal into a giant, causing Hopper and his men to flee. The Muppets proceed to Hollywood, and after getting by his secretary, Miss Tracy, via causing her allergic reactions to their dander and fur, are hired by producer, the Muppets attempt to make their first movie involving a surreal pastiche of their experiences. However, in their stunned silence of the chain of events. As the screening ends, Sweetums jumps through the theaters screen, charles Durning as Doc Hopper, a businessman, entrepreneur, and restaurateur. Austin Pendleton as Max, Doc Hoppers shy right-hand man and sidekick, scott Walker as Snake Walker, an assassin who specializes in killing frogs. Lawrence Gabriel Jr as Sailor Ira F. Grubman as Bartender H. B, bunsen Honeydew, Doglion Caroll Spinney as Big Bird Frank Oz appears in a cameo as a biker who beats up Fozzie Bear while Steve Whitmire appears as a man in the Bogen County Fair. Also, director Tim Burton is one of the puppeteers in the shot of the film. John Landis is also in the shot, performing Grover
42.
Coming to America
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Coming to America is a 1988 American romantic comedy film directed by John Landis, and based on a story originally created by Eddie Murphy, who also starred in the lead role. The film also co-stars Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, Shari Headley, the film was released in the United States on June 29,1988. Eddie Murphy plays Akeem Joffer, the prince of the fictional African nation of Zamunda. The film spawned a brief U. S. television spin-off series, Akeem Joffer, the heir to the throne of Zamunda, lives a pampered lifestyle with every daily task performed by servants. Akeem has become fed up with this and wishes to do more for himself, Akeem and his best friend/personal aide, Semmi, flip a coin to decide between going to either Los Angeles or New York City, and end up going to New York City. They end up in the borough of Queens and rent an apartment in the neighborhood of Long Island City. They begin working at a local fast food restaurant called McDowells—an obvious ripoff of McDonalds—owned by widower Cleo McDowell and his two daughters, Lisa and Patrice. The rest of the film centers on Akeems attempts to win Lisas hand in marriage, Lisa eventually breaks up with Darryl after he announces their engagement to their families, and starts dating Akeem. Although Akeem thrives on hard work and learning how commoners live, when Akeem randomly donates their travel money to the homeless Randolph and Mortimer Duke, Semmi transmits a plea to the King of Zamunda for financial help. This causes Akeems parents to travel to Queens and expose Akeems identity as a prince to the McDowells, on the way to the airport, King Jaffe remarks that Akeem cant marry Lisa anyway because of tradition, and tries defending himself by saying Who am I to change it. With Queen Aeoleon curtly responding, I thought you were the King, at the final scenes wedding procession, Akeem, still heartbroken, waits dejectedly at the altar as his soon-to-be consort makes her way down the aisle. However, when Akeem lifts the veil to kiss her, he finds Lisa instead of Imani, Akeem and Lisa are married, and they ride happily in a carriage after the ceremony to the cheers of Zamundans. Witnessing such splendor, Lisa is both surprised and touched by the fact that Akeem would have given it up just for her, Akeem offers to formally abdicate if she doesnt want a life like this, but Lisa playfully declines and decides to become royalty instead. Eddie Murphy as Prince Akeem Joffer, the prince of Zamunda, Randy Watson, Eddie Murphy also plays Saul, the Jewish barbershop customer, as well as Clarence, the owner of the barber shop. Arsenio Hall as Semmi, Akeems friend, Reverend Brown, Morris the barber, James Earl Jones as King Jaffe Joffer, Akeems father and King of Zamunda. John Amos as Cleo McDowell, Akeems employer and Lisas father, Madge Sinclair as Queen Aeoleon, Akeems mother and the Queen of Zamunda. Shari Headley as Lisa McDowell, Cleos oldest daughter and Akeems love interest, paul Bates as Oha, a royal servant. Eriq La Salle as Darryl Jenks, Lisas boyfriend whom she breaks up with
43.
Risky Business
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Risky Business is a 1983 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Paul Brickman, making his directorial debut. It stars Tom Cruise and Rebecca De Mornay, the film launched Cruise to stardom. It covers themes including materialism, loss of innocence, coming of age, Joel Goodson is a high-achieving high school student who lives with his wealthy parents in the North Shore area of suburban Chicago. When his parents go away on a trip, Joels friend, on the first night, he raids the liquor cabinet, plays the stereo loudly, and dances around the living room in his underwear and pink dress shirt to Old Time Rock and Roll. The following day, Miles calls a girl named Jackie on Joels behalf. Jackie turns out to be a tall, masculine transvestite, Joel pays Jackie to go away, but before she leaves, she gives Joel the number for Lana, another prostitute. That night, Joel is unable to sleep and hesitantly calls Lana and she turns out to be a gorgeous blonde and they have sex all night. Lana asks Joel for $300 for her services and he goes to the bank, but when he returns, Lana is gone, along with his mothers expensive Steuben glass egg. Joel finds Lana and demands the egg back, but they are interrupted by Lanas pimp Guido, while in his fathers Porsche 928, Joel is chased by Guido, but eventually escapes. Lana tells Joel that the egg is with the rest of her stuff at Guidos, Joel lets Lana stay at his house while he goes to school. When he returns, his friends are over, and Lana has invited another prostitute Vicki to stay and that night, Joel, Lana, Vicki, and Joels friend Barry go out. They get stoned, and while Vicky and Barry wander away, Joel, Lana takes exception to something Joel says and leaves. While retrieving her purse from Joels car, she moves the shifter out of gear, moments later, the car rolls down the hill and onto a pier, despite Joels futile attempt to stop it. The pier collapses, dumping the Porsche into Lake Michigan, when Joel takes the car to a repair shop, he is horrified to learn how much it will cost to fix it. He and Lana later decide to turn his parents house into a brothel for a night, the party is a huge success, the house is packed with Joels friends and classmates and Lanas co-workers. However, the recruiter from Princeton, Rutherford chooses that night to interview Joel for admission to Princeton, the interview is plagued by interruptions, and Rutherford is unimpressed by Joels resume. Afterwards, he stays at the party and becomes acquainted with Lanas friends, after the party, Joel and Lana go and have sex on the deserted Chicago L. The next morning, Joel finds his house has been burgled, when he tries to call Lana, Guido answers, he tells Joel that he will let Joel buy back his furniture
44.
D.C. Cab
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Cab is a 1983 American comedy film, starring Max Gail, Adam Baldwin, Mr. T, Charlie Barnett, Gary Busey, Marsha Warfield, and Whitman Mayo. The film was written and directed by Joel Schumacher with the story by Topper Carew & Schumacher. Naive but good natured young man Albert Hockenberry arrives in Washington, D. C. with plans to work for his fathers army buddy Harold. Aware of the state of his business and from the growing competition from the popular Emerald Cab Company, Harold wants to clean it up. Complicating matters is the group of cab drivers that he has working for him. They all see driving as a job while they wait for better lives. A valuable violin is found in one of the cabs, earning Harold, Harold wants to share the money with the drivers and let them invest in the cab company as partners. However, his greedy wife Myrna picks up the money and tosses Harold. The cabbies completely overhaul the entire business, and the company soon supplants Emerald Cab as the most popular in the city. Later on, the work together to rescue Albert and a diplomats two children after theyre kidnapped. The movie ends with a parade in D. C, Cab received mixed reviews from film critics, Critic Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars saying, D. C. Cab is not a bad movie, feels like a movie with a split personality. The kidnapping plot was praised for being fresh, while the violin plot was described as paralyzingly boring. Overall, he described it as mindless, likable confusion, Critic Edward Sargent of The Washington Post writes in his review, Despite its shortcomings, D. C. Cab is an hour and 40 minutes worth of finger-popping music, but viewers should remember that this low-budget film features large doses of vulgarity meant to illicit several cheap laughs. Critic Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote in her review, CAB is a musical mob scene, a raucous, crowded movie thats fun as long as it stays wildly busy, and a lot less interesting when it wastes time on plot or conversation. Theres a lot of talent in the large cast, and Joel Schumacher, Mr. Schumacher was once a costume designer, which helps explain why everything here is so wildly colorful, as the characters joke around in outfits that are traffic-stopping. The movie has just the sort of bouncy, frantic, dopey humor to please the fans of Mr. T. who is one of its stars
45.
Stroker Ace
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Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film, directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia. Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace, a NASCAR driver, the movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway, Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia. The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels, Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film. The role went to Jack Nicholson, who went on to win an Academy Award, Reynolds said he made this decision because I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered. Thats where I lost them, he says of his fans, the movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It, an autobiography of fictional driver Stroker Ace. The novels joint authors, William Neely and Robert K. Ottum, based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject. Stroker Ace is a race car driver from Waycross, Georgia, and, a three-time champion, on the NASCAR circuit. An all-or-nothing man, he wins if he does not crash and he is arrogant and pompous, with no regard for the business side of his racing team. He also has an on-track, season-long rivalry with young driver Aubrey James. When he runs afoul of his current sponsor, Jim Catty of Zenon Oil, by dumping a load of wet concrete on him, overlooking his contract by not reading its specifics, Stroker begins a new life as the commercial face for the Chicken Pit fast-food restaurants. His contract proves to stipulate that he must do personal appearances, realizing that he is locked into a bad deal, Stroker devises a plan with Lugs to get out of it. Torkel is on to Stroker, though, and allows his antics because he sees the racer as his big ticket to fame by promoting the Chicken Pit franchise. A ladies man, Stroker tries to seduce the beautiful Pembrook, who is a Sunday School teacher, does not drink and she spurns all of his advances until he learns to respect her views. One night, after getting her drunk on champagne, he removes her clothing and has a chance to take advantage of her, Stroker is winning races under the Chicken Pit sponsorship and is in the running for the season-ending championship. At the beginning of the race, Torkel is offered a deal to sell his franchise for a huge profit, as part of an elaborate scheme that Stroker. The catch is if he wins the championship Stroker has to sell chicken for the next two years, if he loses is he out of the contract. During the race Stroker is at odds with himself and he drops back in the race in an effort to lose, but his ego wont let him so he quickly begins moving back through the pack. Torkel, realizing that Stroker would rather lose than be bound by the contract and he is unaware that Stroker is moving up through the field in an effort to win
46.
Batteries Not Included
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The story was originally intended to be featured in the TV series Amazing Stories, but executive producer Steven Spielberg liked the idea so much that he decided to make it a theatrical release. It is also notable for being the feature film screenwriting debut of Brad Bird, many of the films foreign releases used the title Miracle on 8th Street. Frank and Faye Riley, a couple who run an apartment building and café in the run-down East Village neighborhood. The development manager, Lacey, sends a hoodlum named Carlos and his gang of thugs to bribe the couple and their tenants to move out. When the tenants resist, Carlos and his thugs punch through artist Mason Baylors door, intimidate pregnant single mother Marisa Esteval, after Frank Riley refuses to move, Carlos vandalizes the café. This assault convinces three of the tenants to move out, Masons girlfriend, Pamela is tired of living in an old, depressing building with a guy whose art career is going nowhere. She dumps Mason, packs up and before leaving, advises Mason to quit being an artist, the Rileys friends, Muriel and Sid Hogensin take Laceys bribe and decide to move to a nice retirement home in New Jersey. Frank feels a little betrayed by the Hogensins for taking Laceys bribe but they explain that the building and they advise Frank that maybe he and Faye should do the same and come live with them at the retirement home. With the assault and Fayes dementia growing, Frank contemplates giving in, things look bleak until the appearance of a pair of small living space ships descend into the Rileys apartment that evening, repairing many of the items that were broken. They have the ability to repair anything thats broken in a matter of seconds, apparently, when they repair something, they dont repair just recent damage, but all of the damage. They even repair the vandalized cafe, putting Frank and Faye back in business, the two extraterrestrials take up residence in the shed at the top of the apartment building, and are dubbed The Fix-Its by the residents of the building. Carlos comes back to threaten the tenants once again, but the Fix-Its lure him to the top of the building, Faye and Marisa learn that the female Fix-It is pregnant. After consuming plenty of metal and electrical objects, it gives birth to three baby Fix-Its, although one of them is stillborn. Faye buries the stillborn in a flowerpot the next day, but then Harry digs it up, takes it back to his apartment, Frank and Faye see a boost of business in the café from the demolition crew, while the Fix-Its help in the kitchen. Marisa finds Masons paintings very nice, which makes Mason feel better about his artwork, marisas baby is due in 2 or 3 months. Her boyfriend, Hector who is a musician and also the father of her baby comes over. Mason leaves Marisa and Hector alone but when Mason returns, Hector is gone, Marisa explains that Hector and his band have found a steady gig in Chicago with good pay. Mason wonders why Hector would leave without her, Marisa confesses that she told Hector to go without her because their relationship just wasnt working out
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