1.
Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
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It was founded in 1966 in response to inadequate medical facilities within the Watts region of Los Angeles, California, USA. Later, the became a University and changed its name in order to reflect its new academic role. The University is named in honor of Dr. Charles R. Drew and it was associated with the former-Martin Luther King Jr. /Charles R. Drew Medical Center from 1972 to 2006, and sometimes referred to as King-Drew University. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, on February 27,2010 a U. S. Navy ship was named for Dr. Charles R. Drew, who revolutionized blood banking during World War II. A replica sits in the School of Nursing lobby, the university founded its medical school in the response to the 1965 Watts riots to train minority doctors who would serve the poor of the South Los Angeles area. Dymally School of Nursing officially opened under Founding Dean Gloria J. McNeal, PhD, MSN, ACNS-BC, the program was granted initial approval by the California Board of Registered Nursing in June 2009. The Western Association of Schools and Colleges granted its approval in March 2009, a Family Nurse Practitioner Master of Science was added in 2011. In 2011, the School of Nursing was granted full accreditation by both the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. In 2005 the University received $34 million in research funding, a large grant for translational research was awarded to the university in 2010. The AXIS is modeled after similar translational research programs at such as Harvard. The purpose of AXIS is to conduct clinical and translational research, the universitys HIV research and services fall under DrewCARES, the Center for AIDS Research, Education, and Service. DrewCARES goal is to care and services to underserved populations to reduce health disparities in South Los Angeles and extends to Central American, the Caribbean. The CDU PAETC offers trainings, conferences, clinical consultations, and technical assistance to clinicians treating HIV positive patients and to local clinics, CDU also has an HIV Testing Program and an HIV Early Intervention Program. HIV medical care is given at the LA County run OASIS Clinic, services are rendered regardless of ability to pay. The university has maintained its accreditation throughout this process, in July 2011, the university was removed from WASC Probation. in 2013 the School of Public Health was granted its accreditations from WASC Martin Luther King Jr. Both the university and associated public hospital fell into trouble at the outset of the 21st century. The restructuring caused hospital to sever its ties to the medical school. The school can seek reinstatement to relaunch its residency program in July 2008, as a response to the problems, the university reorganized and got rid of its president and dismissed nearly two-thirds of its board of trustees
2.
Gospel of Matthew
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The Gospel According to Matthew is the first book of the New Testament. The narrative tells how the Messiah, Jesus, rejected by Israel, most scholars believe the Gospel of Matthew was composed between AD80 and 90, with a range of possibility between AD70 to 110. The title Son of David identifies Jesus as the healing and miracle-working Messiah of Israel, as Son of Man he will return to judge the world, an expectation which his disciples recognise but of which his enemies are unaware. As Son of God he is God revealing himself through his son, the gospel reflects the struggles and conflicts between the evangelists community and the other Jews, particularly with its sharp criticism of the scribes and Pharisees. The original versions of the Gospel of Matthew and the gospels are lost. The oldest relatively complete extant manuscripts of the Bible are the Codex Vaticanus and the Codex Sinaiticus, besides these, there exist manuscript fragments ranging from a few verses to whole chapters. P104 and P67 are notable fragments of Matthew, in the process of recopying, variations slipped in, different regional manuscript traditions emerged, and corrections and adjustments were made. The Gospel of Matthew is anonymous, the author is not named within the text, the consensus is that Papias does not describe the Gospel of Matthew as we know it, and it is generally accepted that Matthew was written in Greek, not in Aramaic or Hebrew. The majority view of scholars is that Mark was the first gospel to be composed. The author of Matthew did not, however, simply copy Mark, an additional 220 verses, shared by Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark, from a second source, a hypothetical collection of sayings to which scholars give the name Quelle, or the Q source. The author also had at his disposal the Greek scriptures, both as book-scrolls and in the form of collections, and, if Papias is correct. The majority view among scholars is that Matthew was a product of the last quarter of the 1st century, the Christian community to which Matthew belonged, like many 1st-century Christians, were still part of the larger Jewish community, hence the designation Jewish Christian to describe them. The author of Matthew wrote for a community of Greek-speaking Jewish Christians located probably in Syria, Matthew, alone among the gospels, alternates five blocks of narrative with five of discourse, marking each off with the phrase When Jesus had finished. The Gospel of Matthew begins with the words The Book of Genealogy of Jesus Christ, John baptizes Jesus, and the Holy Spirit descends upon him. Jesus prays and meditates in the wilderness for forty days, and is tempted by Satan and his early ministry by word and deed in Galilee meets with much success, and leads to the Sermon on the Mount, the first of the discourses. The sermon presents the ethics of the kingdom of God, introduced by the Beatitudes and it concludes with a reminder that the response to the kingdom will have eternal consequences, and the crowds amazed response leads into the next narrative block. From the authoritative words of Jesus the gospel turns to three sets of three miracles interwoven with two sets of two stories, followed by a discourse on mission and suffering. Opposition to Jesus comes to a head with accusations that his deeds are done through the power of Satan, Jesus in turn accuses his opponents of blaspheming the Holy Spirit
3.
King James Version
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The King James Version, also known as Authorized Version or simply King James Bible, is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England begun in 1604 and completed in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, a section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha. It was first printed by the Kings Printer Robert Barker and was the translation into English approved by the English Church authorities. The first had been the Great Bible, commissioned in the reign of King Henry VIII, the translation is noted for its majesty of style, and has been described as one of the most important books in English culture. The translation was done by 47 scholars, all of whom were members of the Church of England. In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament from Hebrew and Aramaic, and the Apocrypha from Greek and Latin. In the Book of Common Prayer, the text of the Authorized Version replaced the text of the Great Bible for Epistle and Gospel readings, over the course of the 18th century, the Authorized Version supplanted the Latin Vulgate as the standard version of scripture for English-speaking scholars. Today the unqualified title King James Version usually indicates that this Oxford standard text is meant, the title page carries the words Appointed to be read in Churches, and F. F. For many years it was not to give the translation any specific name. In his Leviathan of 1651, Thomas Hobbes referred to it as the English Translation made in the beginning of the Reign of King James. Similarly, a History of England, whose edition was published in 1775, writes merely that new translation of the Bible, viz. that now in Use, was begun in 1607. King Jamess Bible is used as the name for the 1611 translation in Charles Butlers Horae Biblicae and this name was also found as King James Bible, for example in a book review from 1811. The phrase King Jamess Bible is used as far back as 1715, the use of Authorized Version or Authorised Version, capitalized and used as a name, is found as early as 1814. For some time before this, descriptive phrases such as our present, and only publicly authorised version, our Authorised version, the Oxford English Dictionary records a usage in 1824. In Britain, the 1611 translation is known as the Authorised Version today. As early as 1814, we find King James version, evidently a descriptive phrase, the King James Version is found, unequivocally used as a name, in a letter from 1855. The next year King James Bible, with no possessive, appears as a name in a Scottish source, in the United States, the 1611 translation is generally known as the King James Version today. The followers of John Wycliffe undertook the first complete English translations of the Christian scriptures in the 14th century and these translations were banned in 1409 due to their association with the Lollards
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United Methodist Church
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The United Methodist Church is a mainline Protestant denomination, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor—the Methodist Church—was a leader in Evangelicalism and it was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, United States, by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the movement of John. As such, the theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements and it has a connectional polity, a typical feature of a number of Methodist denominations. The United Methodist Church, with at least 12 million members as of 2014, is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement of approximately 80 million people across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the third largest Christian denomination. In 2014, its membership was distributed as follows,7.2 million in the United States. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, the movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield and they focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the Holy Club, eventually, the so-called Methodists started individual societies or classes for members of the Church of England who wanted to live a more religious life. In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America, hoping to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia, instead, John became vicar of the church in Savannah. His preaching was very legalistic and full of rules. After two years in America, he returned to England dejected and confused, Peter believed a person is saved solely through the grace of God and not by works, and John had many conversations with Peter about this topic. On May 25,1738, after listening to a reading of Martin Luthers preface to Romans, John finally understood that his works could not save him. For the first time in his life, he felt complete peace, in less than two years, the Holy Club disbanded. John Wesley met with a group of clergy, the ministers retained their membership in the Church of England. Though not always emphasized or appreciated in the Anglican churches of their day, their teaching emphasized salvation by Gods grace, three teachings they saw as the foundation of Christian faith were, People are all by nature dead in sin and consequently, children of wrath
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Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
6.
MaryAnn Baenninger
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MaryAnn Baenninger is a psychology professor and president of Drew University, a Methodist-affiliated liberal arts college in Madison, New Jersey. Baenninger received a Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology from Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and she also won praise for diversifying the student body and more than doubling the school’s endowment. In February 2014, Drew Universitys board of trustees chose Baenninger as its first full-term female president, bull who replaced Robert Weisbuch who stepped down in June 2012. Baenninger is married to Ron Baenninger, a retired Temple University psychology professor, Baenninger, MaryAnn, Institutional Strength from CAO/CFO Partnerships, University Business Magazine, October 2009. Baenninger, MaryAnn, A Golden Thread, The Liberal Arts in the 21st Century, Baenninger, MaryAnn, For Women on Campuses, Access Doesnt Equal Success, The Chronicle of Higher Education,2 October 2011. Interview with MaryAnn Baenninger, Council of Independent Colleges
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Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
8.
Madison, New Jersey
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Madison is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It is known as The Rose City and was named in honor of President James Madison, Native Americans occupied the areas that would become New Jersey and Madison following the retreat of the Wisconsin Glacier for many thousands of years. Settlements of the Lenape were agriculturally based following matrilineal lines. The protected lands nearby, occupation changed with the seasons, the variable nature of the climate, and to preserve the fertility of the rich soil. Their fishing and hunting territories were wide-ranging and similarly divided among the three clans of the culture in this Eastern Woodland environment. Trade with these peoples for food and furs was conducted by the Dutch during the period of colonization of New Netherland. During the British colonial period, the earliest settlers of European descent arrived in this portion of the colony of New Jersey, traditional native trails and pathways were followed as settlement began. Pressures upon the Lenape constantly drove them westward, about 1715 the village of Bottle Hill was established at the crossing of Ridgedale Avenue and Kings Road. Village governance principles followed the British model, the Luke Miller house at 105 Ridgedale Avenue is thought to be the oldest remaining home, having been built around 1730. During British colonial rule, Kings Road was a road that assessed fees levied by the government appointed by the English king. Farther south was the Shunpike, a road with a path that was used deliberately by colonists to avoid the fees. Morris County, created in 1739, was divided into three townships, the portion of the village north of Kings Road was put under the governance of Hanover Township and the portion to the south, under the governance of Morris Township. With the Treaty of Easton in 1758, the Lenape were required to vacate their lands in colonial New Jersey, later, their leaders allied with the colonists during the American Revolutionary War in hopes of regaining former lands, but that was never realized. Following the revolution, changes to governing methods in the former colonies occurred eventually as the new nation organized herself, the state of New Jersey formed its government and debated best policies. In 1834, the name of the settlement was changed to Madison, as a tribute to the name every year there is a fair that is called Bottle Hill Day. Madison annexed additional portions of Chatham Township in 1891, and again each year from 1894 to 1898, the Morris and Essex Railroad connected the town with Newark and Hoboken in 1838 and provided good transportation for farm produce grown at Madison. Later, the railroad made possible the establishment of a rose growing industry, still commemorated in Madisons nickname. The rail service connected the commerce to the markets of Manhattan, talented horticulturalists were attracted to the area for employment at the many wealthy estates in the immediate area and to establish related businesses. One of the first grand houses to be built on Millionaires Row was the Ross Estate, Madisons historic railroad station was funded by the community which passed an ordinance authorizing $159,000 for railroad improvement bonds
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New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
10.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
11.
Suburban
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A suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. In some areas, such as Australia, China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and a few U. S. states, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities. In others, such as Arabia, Canada, France, and much of the United States, Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land, the English word is derived from the Old French subburbe, which is in turn derived from the Latin suburbium, formed from sub and urbs. The first recorded usage of the term in English, was made by John Wycliffe in 1380, in Australia and New Zealand, suburbs have become formalised as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities, the terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density suburbs in proximity to the city center, and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term middle suburbs is also used, Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city centre. In large cities such as London, suburbs include formerly separate towns and villages that have been gradually absorbed during a growth and expansion. In the United States and Canada, suburb can refer either to an residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or unincorporated area outside a town or city. The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements, large walled towns tended to be the focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the market town. The word suburbani was first used by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas, as populations grew during the Early Modern Period in Europe, urban towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the countryside. In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the city expanded. The peripheral areas on the outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest, by the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as the city became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst in suburban growth came from the opening of the Metropolitan Railway in the 1860s, the line joined the capitals financial heart in the City to what were to become the suburbs of Middlesex. Harrow was reached in 1880, and the line extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles from Baker Street. Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, in 1912, it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near the railway. However, World War I delayed these plans and it was only in 1919, with expectation of a housing boom. The term Metro-land was coined by the Mets marketing department in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide and this promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter
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Drew University
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Drew University is a coeducational private university located in Madison, New Jersey, in the United States. Drew has been nicknamed the University in the Forest because of the serenity of its wooded 186-acre campus when compared to the suburban area surrounding the school. As of 2015,2,113 students are pursuing degrees at the three schools. Undergraduate tuition for the 2015–2016 academic year was US$59,661, in 1867, financier and railroad tycoon Daniel Drew purchased an estate in Madison to establish a theological seminary to train candidates for Christian ministry. The seminary later expanded to offer a liberal arts curriculum in 1928. The Caspersen School of Graduate Studies, enrolling 351 graduate students, offers masters and doctoral degrees in a variety of specialized, while affiliated with the Methodist faith, Drew University makes no religious demands of its students. While many of the Theological Schools students and faculty are United Methodist, the United Methodist Churchs General Commission on Archives and History is located on campus and maintains an archive of Methodist records and artifacts from the nineteenth century to the present. Drew University is located in Madison, New Jersey, a borough approximately 25 miles west of New York City, known as the Rose City because of its rose-cultivating industry in the nineteenth century, Madison is an affluent commuter town in New Jerseys Morris County. It is connected with the section of the state and midtown Manhattan through the New Jersey Transits Morris & Essex Lines. He named his holdings The Forest, which gives Drew its nickname of the University in the Forest, the following year, Gibbons commissioned the design and construction of a Greek revival antebellum-style residence that was completed in 1836. In 1867, financier and railroad tycoon Daniel Drew purchased Gibbons estate from his descendants for $140,000, Drew, a devout Methodist, donated the estate to the church to establish a Methodist theological seminary. The estates mansion would be renamed Mead Hall in honor of Drews wife, several motion pictures, TV productions, and music videos have used Drew University as a filming location. The preserve and arboretum both provide a laboratory for the instruction of students in the study of biology and life sciences and for research. In 1866, Daniel Drew approached church leaders during the Methodist Centenary Celebration with an offer to build, equip, Drew asked that his pastor, John McClintock, be appointed lead the seminary as its first president. Instruction began under the direction of McClintock as both president and professor of theology after the first students were admitted in 1867. Drew is the third-oldest of thirteen Methodist seminaries affiliated with the United Methodist Church, Drew offered professional training for candidates to the ministry augmented by an opportunity for a broad culture through the study of the humanities. Writings on early church theology and Christian practice were translated into Chinese for use by foreign missions, throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Drew Theological Seminary educated and trained hundreds of Methodist ministers. It began to expand its role with the addition of a course of study for women in 1920 when it established a College of Missions and this course would be renamed the College of Religious Education and Missions in 1929 but was short-lived
13.
NCAA Division III
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Sports Division III is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the United States. The division consists of colleges and universities that choose not to offer athletically related financial aid to their student-athletes, as explained in more detail in the article about NCAA Division II, the NCAAs first split was into two divisions. The former College Division formed because many NCAA member schools wanted an alternative to the nature of what is now Division I. Division III formed in 1973, in a split of the College Division, the former College Division members that chose to offer athletic scholarships or to remain in a division with those who did became Division II, while members that did not became Division III. Division III is the NCAA’s largest division with 438 active member institutions, of the member institutions, 81% are private, while only 19% are public. Division III schools range in size from an undergraduate enrollment of 348 to a maximum of 21,247. Division III institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, there are minimum contest and participant minimums for each sport. Division III athletic programs are non-revenue-generating, extracurricular programs that are staffed and funded like any other university department, hence, they feature student-athletes who receive no financial aid related to their athletic ability. Student athletes also cannot redshirt as freshmen, and schools may not use endowments or funds whose primary purpose is to benefit athletic programs, Division III schools shall not award financial aid to any student on the basis of athletics leadership, ability, participation or performance. The ban on scholarships is strictly enforced. S, an all-sports conference is defined here as one that sponsors both mens and womens basketball. A conference name followed by * denotes a conference also sponsors football. Six of them are grandfathered schools that have competed at the highest level of a particular mens sport prior to the institution of the Division classifications in 1971. Presumably due to Title IX considerations, grandfathered schools are allowed to field one womens sport in Division I. These schools are allowed to offer scholarships in their Division I mens and womens sports to remain competitive with their opponents. The State University of New York at Oneonta, which had been grandfathered in mens soccer, rutgers University–Newark, which had been grandfathered in mens volleyball, did the same in 2014. Academic-based and need-based financial aid is available, as is the case for Division III. Franklin and Marshall College Hobart College Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT also fields mens rowing, lawrence continues to field a fencing team, but that team is now considered Division III. Football and basketball may not be grandfathered Division I programs because their potential would give them an unfair advantage over other Division III schools
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Eastern College Athletic Conference
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The Eastern College Athletic Conference is a college athletic conference comprising schools that compete in 19 sports. It has 243 member institutions in NCAA Divisions I, II, most or all members belong to at least one other athletic conference. The ECAC was founded as the Central Office for Eastern Intercollegiate Athletics in 1938, in 1983, the Eastern Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women was consolidated into the ECAC. Most member schools are in other conferences as well, but through the ECAC they are able to participate in sports that their main conferences do not offer and its headquarters are located in Danbury, Connecticut. As of Spring 2017, there are 88 Division I members, as of Spring 2017, there are 35 Division II members. As of Spring 2017, there are 120 Division III members, the Division I ECAC tournaments were discontinued after all participating schools joined conferences of their own during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Since 1981, it has organized regional Division III-only mens basketball tournaments annually at the end of regular season. In football, the ECAC organizes six NCAA Division III bowl games each year, three in its North region and three in its South region. S
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Landmark Conference
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The Landmark Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAAs Division III. Member institutions are located in the eastern United States in the states of Maryland, New Jersey, the conference was established on December 5,2005. When the creation of the new conference was announced on December 13, another member institution was included, the Stevens Institute of Technology. Finally, in November 2006, the University of Scranton became the charter member institution. John A. Reeves began his service as commissioner of the Landmark Conference on September 1,2006 and he was succeeded by Daniel A. Fisher in 2012. The first intra-conference competition was played September 15,2007 at Kings Point, New York, elizabethtown College became the newest member of the conference on July 1,2014. The Landmark Conference expanded to add Marywood University in mens and womens swimming and diving, on May 22,2015, Merchant Marine announced that it accepted an invitation to rejoin the Skyline Conference—a league in which it had been a charter member—effective with the 2016–17 school year. The league currently has eight members, Fall sports, cross country, field hockey, mens & womens soccer. Winter sports, mens and womens basketball, indoor track and field, spring sports, baseball, mens & womens lacrosse, outdoor track and field, softball, and mens & womens tennis. Football is not sponsored by the Landmark Conference due to having football programs at only four of the institutions, therefore, Juniata College, Moravian College, and Susquehanna University compete in the Centennial Conference. During January 2007, a contest was announced to design a logo for the newly formed Landmark athletic conference, the contest was only open to undergraduate students from the conference schools. In a first phase, a panel of judges selected a winner at each of the eight Landmark Conference schools. In a second and final round, on February 6, in Washington, the logo submitted by Susquehanna Universitys graphic design major and men’s lacrosse player Tim Storck ’08, of Cockeysville, Md. was selected. Storck was awarded the additional prize. Selected colors were maroon and blue
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Illinois High School Association
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It is a charter member of the National Federation of State High School Associations. The IHSA regulates 14 sports for boys,15 sports for girls, more than 760 public and private high schools in the state of Illinois are members of the IHSA. The Associations offices are in Bloomington, Illinois, in its over 100 years of existence, the IHSA has been at the center of many controversies. Some of these controversies have had national resonance, or paralleled the struggles seen in states across the country. Other controversies are more of a local focus, the IHSA is governed according to the rules of its constitution. This constitution covers the broadest policies of the Association, such as membership, governance, officers and their duties, the IHSA is led by an eleven-member Board of Directors. All eleven members are high school principals from member schools, seven of the ten are elected to three-year terms from seven geographic regions within the state of Illinois. Three other board members are elected at-large, a treasurer, who does not vote, is appointed by the Board. The Board of Directors determines IHSA policies and employs an executive director, the commission reviews amendment proposals to the IHSA Constitution and By-laws, and determines which are passed on to a vote of the member schools. Each school receives one vote on any amendments, with voting taking place annually in December, changes are passed by simple majority of member schools. The day-to-day running of the Association is charged to a staff of nine, one of whom acts in the position of Executive Director. This group is responsible for setting up and running the individual state playoff series in each sport. They also supervise annual meetings with advisory committees from each sport and they also coordinate committees on issues from sportsmanship and sports medicine to media relations and corporate sponsorship. Subordinate to the Constitution and By-Laws are a number of policies and these policies are generally of greater interest to the public, as they more specifically deal with issues that affect the day-to-day operation of sports and activities. Examples of policies include individual athlete eligibility, rules governing the addition of new sports and activities, the classification of schools, the key policy that has been a cornerstone to the IHSA is its policy on grouping and seeding tournaments,1. The State Series is designed to determine a State Champion, the State Series is not intended to necessarily advance the best teams in the state to the State Final. The IHSA is built upon the concept of representation in its state playoff series. The IHSA was founded on December 27,1900, at a session of the Illinois Principals Association
17.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
18.
Daniel Drew
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Daniel Drew was an American businessman, steamship and railroad developer, and financier. Summarizing his life, Henry Clews wrote, Of all the operators of Wall Street. Daniel Drew furnishes the most remarkable instance of immense and long-continued success, followed by utter failure, Drew was born in Carmel, New York in the family of Gilbert Drew and Catherine Muckleworth. He was poorly educated and saw hardship after his father, who owned a cattle farm. Drew enlisted and drilled, though did not see face to face combat in the War of 1812, after the war, he spent some time with a traveling zoo and then built a successful cattle-droving business. In 1820, he moved to New York City, where he established himself at the Bulls Head Tavern in the Bowery, while running the tavern, he formed a partnership with two other drovers, buying cattle from neighboring counties and bringing them to New York for sale. In 1823, he married Roxanna Mead, in 1834, he entered the steamboat business, purchasing a share of a boat operating on the Hudson River. Competing with Cornelius Vanderbilt, he ran numerous profitable lines outside of New York City, around this time, Drew began to speculate in stocks. He founded the firm of Drew, Robinson & Company in 1844. After the firm’s dissolution, he continued to work in the business as an independent operator. In 1857, Drew became a member of the board of directors of the Erie Railroad, in 1864, Drew once again struggled with Vanderbilt, speculating on the stock of the New York and Harlem. Drew was selling the stock short, but Vanderbilt and his associates bought every share he sold, Vanderbilt, unaware of the increase in outstanding shares, kept buying Erie stock and sustained heavy losses, eventually conceding control of the railroad to the trio. In 1870, Fisk and Gould betrayed Drew, manipulating the price of the Erie Railroad. The Panic of 1873 cost him more, and by 1876, Drew filed for bankruptcy, with debts exceeding a million dollars. He died in 1879, dependent on his son for support, Daniel Drew left a controversial legacy behind. At the zenith of his career as a financier, when his fortune was estimated at $13 million and he was respectfully called Uncle Daniel on Wall Street. After his fortunes changed, he was vilified by newspapers, which wrote that Drew has been one of the curses of the market for years past. If he has now received such a blow as will result in his being driven from the Street altogether, no one will be sorry for him, and he holds the honest people of the world to be a pack of fools
19.
Undergraduate degree
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An undergraduate degree is a colloquial term for an academic degree taken by a person who has completed undergraduate courses. It is usually offered at an institution of education, such as a university. The most common type of degree is the bachelors degree. These degrees can be categorised as basic degrees, most bachelors degrees take three years to complete, with some notable exceptions, such as Medicine taking five years. Often students can enroll in a 4-year program then leave after three years and be awarded a bachelors degree. First professional degrees sometimes contain the word Doctor, but are still considered undergraduate degrees in most countries, for example, the Doctor of Medicine program in Canada is considered an undergraduate degree. These degrees are not research doctorates and are not equivalent to the Doctor of Philosophy Many countries offer bachelors degrees that are equivalent to American graduate degrees. For example, the Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degrees offered in the U. S. are equivalent to the Bachelor of Medicine, in the United States and sometimes in Canada, an Associates Degree is a two-year degree. It is occasionally undertaken as the beginning of a four-year degree, Associates degrees with an AGEC certification are often custom tailored with electives to meet the prerequisite requirements for the program and university the student wishes to transfer to. Since its foundation, it was focused on the teaching of Professions offering Professional degrees and it is divided in three levels. Tertiary Education level, 1- to 3-years degrees related to education or technical professions like Teachers, Professorship, post-graduate level, This is a specialized and research-oriented education level. The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in Argentina, each subject is of one semester duration. If someone passes all 6 subjects in their respective semester, the CBC will take one year. Potential students of economics, instead, take a 2-year common cycle, the UBA has no central campus. A centralized Ciudad Universitaria was started in the 1960s, but contains two schools, with the others at different locations in Buenos Aires. Access to the university is free of charge for everyone, including foreigners, however, the postgraduate programs charge tuition fees that can be covered with research scholarships for those students with outstanding academic performance. The university has produced more Nobel Prize laureates than any other Spanish-speaking institution, Education in Bolivia, as in many other areas of Bolivian life, has a divide between Bolivias rural and urban areas. Rural illiteracy levels remain high, even as the rest of the country becomes increasingly literate and this disparity stems partly from the fact that many children living in rural area ation are not necessarily attributable to lack of funding
20.
Liberal arts college
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A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences. A liberal arts college aims to impart a broad knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational. Other researchers have adopted similar definitions, most liberal arts colleges outside of the United States follow this model. Liberal arts colleges are distinguished from other types of higher education chiefly by their generalist curricula and these attributes have various secondary effects in terms of administration as well as student experience. For example, class size is much lower at liberal arts colleges than at universities. Many students select liberal arts colleges with precisely this sense of connection in mind. From an administrative standpoint, the size of liberal arts colleges contributes to their cohesion. Job satisfaction is also higher in liberal arts colleges, for both faculty and staff. In addition, most liberal arts colleges are residential, which means students live and learn away from home. The distinctiveness of these attributes is somewhat eroded by the tendency of universities to adopt aspects of the arts college. In addition, some universities have maintained a sub-unit that preserves many aspects of the arts college. Liberal arts colleges themselves sometimes cluster to offer greater curricular breadth or share other resources, most liberal arts colleges nowadays, however, offer more than just liberal arts subjects, such as computer science from the formal science discipline. Liberal arts colleges are found in all parts of the world, the Global Liberal Arts Alliance, which incorporates institutions on five continents, refers to itself as an international, multilateral partnership of American style liberal arts institutions. These colleges served as a means of spreading a basically European cultural model across the new country, the model proliferated in the 19th century, some 212 small liberal arts colleges were established between 1850 and 1899. As of 1987, there were about 540 liberal arts colleges in the United States, the oldest liberal arts college in America is considered to be Washington College, the first college chartered after American independence. Olaf College as well as Augsburg College in Minnesota, and the Claremont Colleges in Southern California, most are private institutions, but a handful of public liberal arts schools exist, such as the University of Mary Washington, and New Saint Andrews College in Moscow, Idaho. Liberal arts colleges are found in Canada, including Mount Allison University, Bishops University. In the Netherlands, universities have opened constituent liberal arts colleges under the university college since the late 1990s
21.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
22.
19th century
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The 19th century was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Napoleonic, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the worlds land, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to continental Europe, North America and Japan. The Victorian era was notorious for the employment of children in factories and mines, as well as strict social norms regarding modesty. Japan embarked on a program of rapid modernization following the Meiji Restoration, before defeating China, under the Qing Dynasty, europes population doubled during the 19th century, from approximately 200 million to more than 400 million. Numerous cities worldwide surpassed populations of a million or more during this century, London became the worlds largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later, liberalism became the pre-eminent reform movement in Europe. Slavery was greatly reduced around the world, following a successful slave revolt in Haiti, Britain and France stepped up the battle against the Barbary pirates and succeeded in stopping their enslavement of Europeans. The UKs Slavery Abolition Act charged the British Royal Navy with ending the slave trade. The first colonial empire in the century to abolish slavery was the British, americas 13th Amendment following their Civil War abolished slavery there in 1865, and in Brazil slavery was abolished in 1888. Similarly, serfdom was abolished in Russia, in the 19th century approximately 70 million people left Europe, with most migrating to the United States of America. The 19th century also saw the creation, development and codification of many sports, particularly in Britain. Also, ladywear was a sensitive topic during this time. 1801, Ranjit Singh crowned as King of Punjab,1801, Napoleon signs the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope. 1801, Cairo falls to the British,1801, Assassination of Tsar Paul I of Russia. 1802, Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time,1803, William Symington demonstrates his Charlotte Dundas, the first practical steamboat. 1803, The United States more than doubles in size when it buys out Frances territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase. This begins the U. S. s westward expansion to the Pacific referred to as its Manifest Destiny which involves annexing and conquering land from Mexico, Britain,1803, The Wahhabis of the First Saudi State capture Mecca and Medina
23.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
24.
Morris County, New Jersey
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Morris County is a county located in the U. S. state of New Jersey, about 25 mi west of New York City. 2% increase from 2010. The county is part of the New York Metropolitan Area, the county ranked third in the New York Metropolitan area in terms of median income. Morris County was named after Colonel Lewis Morris, governor of New Jersey in 1738/9, the Wisconsin Glacier covered the northern section of Morris County from 23,000 B. C. to 13,000 B. C. After the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 B. C, paleo Indians moved into the area from the south in search of big and small game as well as plants. The area was first tundra with grasses growing, rabbits and fox moved into the area from the south. The area of Morris County was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans prior to the arrival of European settlers around the year 1000 and they came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the rivers and hunted game, fished, collected plants and nuts, henry Hudson explored the Hudson River area in 1609, which later the Dutch did surveys of the area. From 1611 to 1614, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland, Dutch forts were established along the Hudson River beginning in 1613. As the years went by, more forts were established to trade with Native Americans, the Native Americans traded furs and food with the Dutch for various goods. In return the Dutch gave the Native Americans metal pots, knives, guns, axes, trading with the Native Americans occurred until 1643 when a series of wars broke out between the Dutch and Native Americans. There were hostile relations between the Dutch and Native Americans between 1643 and 1660 and this prevented colonization by the Dutch of the Morris County region which was technically included in their claimed New Netherland. On August 27,1664, three English ships approached Fort Amsterdam and the fort was surrendered to the English, the English now controlled New Netherland and Morris County was now under control of the colony of New York. Relations with the Native Americans improved for a while, there was a war with the Dutch ten years later. The Dutch re-took control of New Amsterdam but after a year returned it to the English, relations with the Native Americans and English improved for a while. European settlements began in the early 18th century while it was known as Hunterdon County, Native Americans were still in the area at that time. Land was purchased from the Native Americans for various such as blankets, shirts, rum, guns, knives, pots. The Native Americans concept of selling land was different than that of the Europeans, colonization occurred along the Atlantic coast and moved inland. The first settlement in the today known as Morris County occurred in Pompton Plains by the Dutch in 1695
25.
Midtown Manhattan
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Midtown Manhattan, or Midtown, represents the central lengthwise portion of the borough and island of Manhattan in New York City. Along Manhattans north-south long axis, Midtown Manhattan separates Lower Manhattan from Upper Manhattan, the majority of New York Citys skyscrapers, including its tallest hotels and apartment towers, lie within Midtown. Midtown spans the island of Manhattan along an east-west axis, being bounded by the East River on its east. The Encyclopedia of New York City defines Midtown as being from 34th Street to 59th Street and it is sometimes broken into Midtown East and Midtown West, or north and south as in the New York City Police Departments Midtown North and Midtown South precincts. Midtown South can refer to the part of Midtown between 23rd Street and around 42nd Street, Midtown West can refer to the area between 34th and 59th Streets, and between 5th and 12th Avenues. Midtown East can refer to the area between 42nd and 59th Streets, and between 5th Avenue and the East River, in other sources these districts are referred to as separate central business districts. Midtown Manhattan, along with Lower Manhattan, is one of the leading financial centers. Midtown Manhattan is the countrys largest central business district and it has the headquarters of major companies, including 4Kids Entertainment, Barnes & Noble, Bloomberg L. P. The New York Institute of Finance is located in Midtown Manhattan, Haier operates its United States offices in the Haier Building at 1356 Broadway, the building used to be a building of the Greenwich Savings Bank. Haier held the ceremony on March 4,2002. Sumitomo Corporation operates its New York Office, the headquarters of the corporations United States operations, el Als North American headquarters are in Midtown. The Air France USA regional headquarters are in 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, hachette Book Group USA has its headquarters in 237 Park Avenue. In 1994 Alitalia considered moving its USA headquarters from Midtown to Lower Manhattan, global Infrastructure Partners has an office in Midtown Manhattan. Biotechnology is emerging in Midtown Manhattan, bolstered by the strength in academic scientific research and public. Aer Lingus had its United States offices in Midtown, in 1997, Aer Lingus announced that it was moving its North American headquarters to Melville, New York, in Suffolk County. New York City Department of Education public schools in Midtown Manhattan include Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School, private schools include The Beekman School, Rebecca School, and a number of private language and music centers. The La Scuola dItalia Guglielmo Marconi Italian international school will move to West Midtown in 2016, in addition to its well-known Main Branch research library—now known as the Stephen A. Pennsylvania Station and Grand Central Terminal are major railroad stations located in Midtown Manhattan, the Port Authority Bus Terminal is also in Midtown
26.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
27.
Morris & Essex Lines
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The Morris & Essex Lines are a group of former Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad railroad lines in New Jersey now owned and operated by New Jersey Transit. The lines are so called as much of the right-of-way was constructed by the Morris, the lines include service offered on the Morristown Line and the Gladstone Branch, and the former Montclair Branch before 2002. Service is available directly to Hoboken Terminal or via the Kearny Connection to Secaucus Junction, the Morristown Line runs from Hoboken Terminal to Hackettstown, or from New York Penn Station to Dover. The Gladstone Branch runs from Hoboken Terminal to Gladstone, passengers can transfer at Newark Broad Street or Summit to reach the other destination if necessary. Morris & Essex Lines Master Schedule as of 7/6/2015 NJT Morris & Essex Line
28.
Gibbons v. Ogden
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The case was argued by some of Americas most admired and capable attorneys at the time. Exiled Irish patriot Thomas Addis Emmet and Thomas J. Oakley argued for Ogden, while U. S. Attorney General William Wirt, legal challenges followed, and in response, the monopoly attempted to undercut its rivals by selling them franchises or buying their boats. The partners ended up in the New York Court of Errors, in the interim Gibbons also had taken on Cornelius Vanderbilt as his ferry captain, and later, his business manager. Aaron Ogden filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of New York asking the court to restrain Thomas Gibbons from operating on these waters. The Court of Chancery of New York and the Court of Errors of New York found in favor of Ogden, Gibbons appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing as he did in New York that the monopoly conflicted with federal law. After several delays, the court began discussing the meaning of the clause in 1824. Congress was debating a bill to provide a survey of roads. Southerners, in particular, were growing more sensitive to what the resolution of issues would mean to them as sectional disputes. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Gibbons, the sole decided source of Congresss power to promulgate the law at issue was the Commerce Clause. Accordingly, the Court had to answer whether the law regulated commerce that was among the several states, with respect to commerce, the Court held that commerce is more than mere traffic—that it is the trade of commodities. The Court interpreted among as intermingled with, the Court did not discuss the argument pressed for Gibbons by U. S. Attorney General Wirt that the federal patent laws preempted New Yorks patent grant to Fulton and Livingston. That question remained undecided for the next 140 years until the Supreme Court held in Sears, Gibbons v. Ogden, John Marshall, Steamboats, and the Commerce Clause 198 pages Thomas H. Cox. Gibbons v. Ogden, Law, and Society in the Early Republic 264 pages Thomas H. Cox, “Contesting Commerce, Gibbons v. Ogden, Steam Power, and Social Change, ” in Journal of Supreme Court History 34, 55-73
29.
Greek Revival architecture
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The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture, the term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1842. With a newfound access to Greece, or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites, archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders. This was especially the case in Britain, Germany and the United States, Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries, lasting until the Civil War in America and even later in Scotland. Despite the unbounded prestige of ancient Greece amongst the elite of Europe. The monuments of Greek antiquity were known chiefly from Pausanias and other literary sources, visiting Ottoman Greece was difficult and dangerous business prior to the period of stagnation beginning with the Great Turkish War. Few Grand Tourists called on Athens during the first half of the 18th century and it would take until the expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti of 1751 by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett before serious archaeological inquiry began in earnest. Access to the originals in Greece itself only became easier after the Greek War of Independence ended in 1832, Lord Byrons participation, following James Stuarts travels to Greece in the early 1750s, intellectual curiosity quickly led to a desire to emulate. Stuart was commissioned after his return from Greece by George Lyttelton to produce the first Greek building in England, arguably the greatest British exponent of the style was Decimus Burton. In London twenty three Greek Revival Commissioners churches were built between 1817 and 1829, the most notable being St. Pancras church by William and Henry William Inwood. Such was the popularity of the Doric in Edinburgh that the city now enjoys a striking visual uniformity, nevertheless, Greek continued to be in favour in Scotland well into the 1870s in the singular figure of Alexander Thomson, known as Greek Thomson. In Germany, the Greek revival is predominantly found in two centres, Berlin and Munich, the earliest Greek building was the Brandenburg Gate by Carl Gotthard Langhans, who modelled it on the Propylaea. Ten years after the death of Frederick the Great, the Berlin Akademie initiated a competition for a monument to the king that would promote morality, similarly, in Munich von Klenzes Glyptothek and Walhalla were the fulfilment of Gillys vision of an orderly and moral German world. The purity and seriousness of the style was intended as an assertion of German national values and partly intended as a riposte to France. By comparison, the Greek revival in France was never popular with either the state or the public, what little there is started with Charles de Waillys crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles, and Claude Nicolas Ledouxs Barriere des Bonshommes. It would take until Laboustres Neo-Grec of the Second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France, the style was especially attractive in Russia, if only because they shared the Eastern Orthodox faith with the Greeks. The historic centre of Saint Petersburg was rebuilt by Alexander I of Russia, the Saint Petersburg Bourse on Vasilievsky Island has a temple front with 44 Doric columns. Leo von Klenzes expansion of the palace that is now the Hermitage Museum is another example of the style, following the Greek War of Independence, Romantic Nationalist ideology encouraged the use of historically Greek architectural styles in place of Ottoman or pan-European ones
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Rail transport
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Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a flat surface. Tracks usually consist of rails, installed on ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels. Other variations are possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles, so passenger. The operation is carried out by a company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway system or produce their own power. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system, Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. The oldest, man-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC, with Periander, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Rail transport blossomed after the British development of the steam locomotive as a viable source of power in the 19th centuries. With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution, also, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with water transport, which faced occasional sinking of ships. The change from canals to railways allowed for markets in which prices varied very little from city to city. In the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, and also the first tramways, starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by 2000. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan, other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use. The history of the growth, decline and restoration to use of transport can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used. The earliest evidence of a railway was a 6-kilometre Diolkos wagonway, trucks pushed by slaves ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element. The Diolkos operated for over 600 years, Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany
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Business magnate
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A business magnate refers to an entrepreneur of great influence, importance, or standing in a particular enterprise or field of business. Such individuals may also be called czars, moguls, proprietors, tycoons, taipans, barons, the word magnate derives from the Latin magnates, meaning a great man or great nobleman. The word tycoon derives from the Japanese word taikun, which means great lord, the word entered the English language in 1857 with the return of Commodore Perry to the United States. U. S. President Abraham Lincoln was humorously referred to as the Tycoon by his aides John Nicolay, the term spread to the business community, where it has been used ever since. The word mogul is an English corruption of mughal, Persian or Arabic for Mongol and it alludes to emperors of the Mughal Empire in the Medieval India, who possessed great power and storied riches capable of producing wonders of opulence such as the Taj Mahal. Modern business magnates are entrepreneurs that amass on their own or wield substantial family fortunes in the process of building or running their own businesses and their dominance was known as the Second Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, or the Robber Baron Era. The Famous 15, Americas Most Fascinating Tycoons,25 Tycoons Who Run the World
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Gibbons Mansion
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Gibbons Mansion, currently known as Mead Hall, is a historical mansion on Drew University campus in Madison, Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It houses the administrative offices today. It was built by William Gibbons beginning in 1833 in the heart of his 96-acre property, gibbons’ only son, William Heyward, sold the vacant mansion and estate to Daniel Drew in 1867 for $140,000. Drew, in turn, the Drew Theological Seminary, named in his honor, the Gibbons mansion was renamed Mead Hall, in honor of Drews wife, Roxanna Mead. Mead Hall was devastated by a fire in 1989, reopened in 1993, and despite the damage, is still “considered the finest example of Greek Revival architecture north of the Mason-Dixon line
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So Fine (film)
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So Fine is a 1981 comedy film written and directed by Andrew Bergman. The original music score was composed by Ennio Morricone, ryan ONeal was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award as Worst Actor of the Decade. At Chippenango State College, Bobby Fine is a professor of English, during the meeting, Fine impresses Lincoln by responding in kind to an obscure line from William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice. Another professor, David Rounds, is amazed, and Bobby explains that with his father in the dress business, hed always liked the play. Back at his office, Jack checks in with his staff, and it clear that his company, Fine Fashions, has excess inventory, poor designs. When a buyer for another company visits the office, Jack reluctantly arranges a sexual liaison with her to secure a sale. During the meeting, Jack confesses he cant pay the note, Eddies henchmen kidnap Bobby and bring him to Jacks house, informing the Fines that they are to meet with Eddie at his club. There, Bobby is struck by the beauty of Eddies wife, Bobby and Lira are strongly attracted to each other during the meeting, and after suddenly kissing, Lira informs Bobby that she is open to infidelity. The following day, a montage rolls as Bobby visits with the different employees at Fine Fashions, during the montage, a satirical song from the Ennio Morricone score plays as the employees smoke marijuana and generally laze about in comic fashion. The employees agree that Bobby is a fool, at the end of the day, Bobby leaves the office and is met by Lira, who invites him into her limousine. She takes Bobby back to Eddies mansion, and tells him that her marriage to Eddie is a one, arranged to repay her own fathers debts. Eddie, who returns home late, comes home early. Bobby rushes to hide, while Lira hurls his clothing into the fireplace, as a result, even after Eddie goes to sleep, and Bobby is able to sneak out, he is forced to wear an outfit of Liras when he leaves. When he returns to the office, he stumbles into a group of garment buyers who have just dismissed Jacks latest fashions and they mistake Bobbys kludged together outfit for a radical new design, and are eager to make huge orders for the jeans, which are dubbed So Fine. Bobby and his father are preparing to repay Eddie the $1,500,000, Bobby has returned to his professorship at Chippenango State College, and Jack has a meeting with Eddie at his house. Before Jack arrives, however, Bobbys shoe falls and strikes him in the head, reading the sole, Eddie realizes that it must belong to Bobby. Lira flees from the house to find Bobby, and Eddie rushes after her, when Jack arrives, the maid tells him the situation, and Jack joins the chase. Lira is the first to find Bobby, and they make plans to flee the country, during the performance, the soprano performing Desdemona is struck ill, and Lira steps into the role, performing magnificently
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Deconstructing Harry
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Deconstructing Harry is a 1997 comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen. The central plot features Block driving to a university from which he was thrown out. Three passengers accompany him on the journey, a prostitute, a friend, and his son, however, there are many flashbacks, segments taken from Blocks writing, and interactions with his own fictional characters. Deconstructing Harry received moderately positive reviews from critics, one night, Lucy gets a taxi to the home of author Harry Block. She has just read Harrys latest novel, in the novel, the character Leslie is having an affair with her sisters husband Ken. Lucy is angry because the novel is based on her and Harrys own affair, as a result. Lucy pulls a gun out of her purse, saying she will kill herself and she then turns the gun on Harry and begins firing. She chases him out onto the roof, Harry insists that he has already been punished, his latest girlfriend Fay has left him for his best friend Larry. To distract Lucy, Harry tells her a story he is currently writing, in therapy, Harry realizes he has not changed since he was a sex-obsessed youth. Harry discusses the honoring ceremony at his old university, taking place the next day, after the session, Harry asks his ex-wife Joan if he can take their son Hilliard to the ceremony. She refuses, stating that Harry is a bad influence on Hilliard and she is also furious at Harry for the novel he wrote. In it, the character Epstein marries Helen, but the marriage begins to crumble after the birth of their son, Harry runs into an acquaintance, Richard, who is worried about his health. After accompanying Richard to the hospital, Harry asks him to come to the university ceremony, Harry then goes to meet his ex-girlfriend Fay, who reveals that she is now engaged. Harry begs Fay to get together with him. He asks Fay to accompany him to his ceremony, but it clashes with Fays wedding and that night, Harry sleeps with a prostitute, Cookie. Harry then asks Cookie to accompany him to his ceremony, in the morning, Richard unexpectedly arrives to join Harry and Cookie on the journey. On a whim, Harry decides to kidnap his son Hilliard, along the way, they stop at a carnival, then at Harrys half-sister Doriss. Doris, a devoted Jew, is upset by Harrys portrayals of Judaism in his stories, during the journey, Harry also encounters his fictional creations Ken and Helen, who force him to confront some painful truths about his life
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The Family Stone
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The Family Stone is a 2005 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Thomas Bezucha. Overwhelmed by the reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support. The Family Stone was released in North America on November 26,2005 and was a critical and commercial success. While Parker was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance, Keaton, Nelson, in addition, McAdams was awarded a Teen Choice Award the following year. Meredith, feeling very much an outsider during the Christmas holidays with Everetts family, opts to stay at the local inn instead of with the family, Everett finds himself attracted to the more outgoing Julie. Distraught, Meredith attempts to drive off but crashes the car, the two end up at a local bar where, after several drinks, Meredith begins to enjoy herself. She invites Amys high school flame and local paramedic, Brad Stevenson, the following morning, when she awakens in Bens bed, she incorrectly assumes their night of revelry ended with the two having sex together. Christmas proves to be a day of accusations, recriminations, self-discoveries, Sybil, who originally refused Everetts request for his grandmothers ring, reconsiders her position and offers it to him, but, by now, his feelings for Meredith have shifted to her sister. In a moment of emotional confusion – or clarity – he asks Julie to try on the ring, when Julie and Meredith lock themselves in the bathroom to get the ring off, they assume Everett is about to propose to Meredith. The family exchanges gifts, and Meredith, oblivious to Sybils failing health, everyone is touched by her gesture, and Meredith relaxes slightly, but, when Everett asks to talk to her, she demurs again and again until she blurts out that she will not marry him. He counters that he didnt plan to ask her, Meredith breaks down in front of the family. All the personality conflicts come to a head, and everyone begins the process of healing, one year later, the family reunites at the Stone house. Meredith and Ben are a couple, as are Everett and Julie and Amy, Everetts brother Thad and his partner Patrick have adopted a baby boy named Gus, and Everetts other sister, Susannah, has had her baby. It is hinted that Sybil died and she is referenced as the family gathers with family Christmas ornaments around the tree. The framed photograph of Sybil is on the next to the tree. The Stones Diane Keaton as Sybil Stone, the familys strong-willed, a breast cancer survivor, she deals with the recurrence of the fatal illness. Playing the glue that holds the family together, Keaton was the first actor approached to star in the film, with her attachment to the project, Bezucha and London were able to recruit other actors from their wish list. Keaton has stated that she was drawn to her role
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Spinning into Butter (film)
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Spinning Into Butter is a 2008 drama film written by Rebecca Gilman and loosely based on her play of the same title. It was directed by first-time director Mark Brokaw and produced by Sarah Jessica Parker, Spinning Into Butter was sold for distribution Cannes Film Market on May 17,2007 and opened in the U. S. in March,2009. The film concerns political correctness and racial identity. 6/10, the sites consensus of reviews was, Both leaden and stilted, Spinning Into Butter is an unsubtle drama with stagy direction and lackluster dialogue. Spinning Into Butter at the Internet Movie Database
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The Incredible Hulk (film)
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The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by Louis Leterrier, with a screenplay by Zak Penn and it stars Edward Norton, Liv Tyler, Tim Roth, Tim Blake Nelson, Ty Burrell, and William Hurt. In The Incredible Hulk, a new backstory is established where Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as a pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the supersoldier program through gamma radiation. After the mixed reception to the 2003 film Hulk, Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character, filming mostly took place in Toronto, Ontario, from July to November 2007. Over 700 visual effects shots were created in using a combination of motion capture. Critical praise went to the visuals, action sequences. The film was one at the box office, grossing over $263 million worldwide. The Hulk destroys the lab and injures or kills the people inside, Banner becomes a fugitive from the U. S. military and Ross in particular, who wants to weaponize the Hulk process. Five years later, Banner works at a factory in Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. On the Internet, he collaborates with a colleague he knows only as Mr. Blue and he is also learning meditative breathing techniques to help keep control, and has not transformed in five months. After Banner cuts his finger, a drop of his blood falls into a bottle, using the bottle to track down Banner, Ross sends a SWAT team, led by Russian-born British Royal Marine Emil Blonsky, to capture him. Banner transforms into the Hulk and defeats Blonskys team, Banner returns to Culver University and reunites with Betty, who is dating psychiatrist Leonard Samson. Banner is attacked by Ross and Blonskys forces, tipped off by the suspicious Samson, the ensuing battle outside the university proves to be futile for Ross forces and they eventually retreat, though Blonsky, whose sanity is starting to falter, boldly attacks and mocks the Hulk. The Hulk seemingly kills Blonsky and flees with Betty, after the Hulk reverts to Banner, he and Betty go on the run, and Banner contacts Mr. Blue, who urges them to meet him in New York City. Mr. Blue is actually cellular biologist Dr. Samuel Sterns, after a successful test, he warns Banner that the antidote may only reverse each individual transformation. Sterns reveals he has synthesized Banners blood samples, which Banner sent from Brazil, into a large supply, fearful of the Hulks power falling into the militarys hands, Banner wishes to destroy the blood supply. Meanwhile, Blonsky is revealed to have survived the battle and has completely healed and he joins Ross forces for a third attempt to take Banner into custody
38.
The Sopranos
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The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase. The story revolves around the character, New Jersey-based Italian American mobster Tony Soprano. The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the requirements of his home life. These are often highlighted during his sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi. The series features Tonys family members, mafia colleagues and rivals, in prominent roles and story arcs, most notably his wife Carmela and protégé Christopher Moltisanti. After the pilot was ordered in 1997, the show premiered on the cable network HBO in the United States on January 10,1999. The series then went through syndication and has been broadcast on A&E in the United States, the Sopranos was produced by HBO, Chase Films, and Brad Grey Television. It was primarily filmed at Silvercup Studios, New York City, the executive producers throughout the shows run were David Chase, Brad Grey, Robin Green, Mitchell Burgess, Ilene S. Landress, Terence Winter, and Matthew Weiner. The Sopranos is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time, the series also won a multitude of awards, including Peabody Awards for its first two seasons,21 Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. A staple of 2000s American popular culture, the series has been the subject of analysis, controversy. It has spawned books, a game, high-charting soundtrack albums. Several members of the shows cast and crew who were largely unknown to the public have had successful careers after The Sopranos. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America named The Sopranos the best-written TV series of all time, before creating The Sopranos, David Chase had worked as a television producer for more than 20 years. He had been employed as a staff writer/producer for several series and had co-created one short-lived original series, Almost Grown. He made his directorial debut in 1986 with the Enough Rope for Two episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents revival. He also directed episodes of Almost Grown and Ill Fly Away in 1988 and 1992, in 1996, he wrote and directed the television film The Rockford Files, Punishment and Crime. He served as showrunner for Ill Fly Away and Northern Exposure in the 1990s, Chase won his first Emmy Award in 1978 for his work on The Rockford Files and his second for writing the 1980 television film Off the Minnesota Strip. By 1996, he was a coveted showrunner, the story of The Sopranos was initially conceived as a feature film about a mobster in therapy having problems with his mother
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Friday Night Lights (TV series)
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Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. The series primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas, Team coach Eric Taylor and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace, are featured. Produced by NBCUniversal, Friday Night Lights premiered on October 3,2006, although the show had garnered critical acclaim and passionate fans, the series suffered low ratings and was in danger of cancellation after the second season. To save the series, NBC struck a deal with DirecTV to co-produce three more seasons, each subsequent season premiered on DirecTVs 101 Network, with NBC rebroadcasts a few months later. The series ended its run on The 101 Network on February 9,2011, though Friday Night Lights never garnered a sizable audience, it was a critical success, lauded for its realistic portrayal of Middle America and deep exploration of its central characters. The show appeared on a number of best lists and was awarded a Peabody Award, a Humanitas Prize, at the 2011 Primetime Emmy Awards, the show was nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton also scored multiple nominations for the Outstanding Lead Actor, executive producer Jason Katims was nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series. Chandler and Katims each won the Emmy in 2011, Friday Night Lights was inspired by H. G. Buzz Bissingers non-fiction book Friday Night Lights, A Town, a Team, and a Dream, the book, which explores the 1988 season of the Permian Panthers, a high school football team in Odessa, Texas, was a factual work of documentary journalism. The people featured were not renamed in the book, the Universal Pictures film, which stars Billy Bob Thornton and was directed by Peter Berg, Bissingers second cousin, based its characters on the residents of Odessa c. Once filming on the movie was completed, Berg began to explore adapting the story for television, Berg later said he had regretted having to jettison many of the interpersonal topics from the book because of the time constraints of a feature film. Creating a TV series, particularly one based on fictional characters and he decided to set the series in a fictional town of Dillon, Texas, with some characteristics of Odessa. The football team was given the Panthers name, Berg deliberately carried elements from the film to the series, particularly for the pilot, which was closely related to the film. He cast Connie Britton as the wife of head coach Eric Taylor, and Brad Leland as Buddy Garrity, filming for the shows pilot began in February 2006 in Austin, Texas. Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as a breaker in order to agree to participate weekly in the project. The show features homages to its Texas heritage, in the pilot, Berg featured Texas Longhorns football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional Panther Radio compare Panthers coach Eric Taylor to Brown. The pilot referred to much of the area in its scenes. Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High Schools Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex, the Dillon Panther football team and coaches uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers
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