Duchy of Massa and Carrara
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The Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara was a small state that controlled the towns of Massa and Carrara from 1473 until 1836.
Northern Italy in 1815.
Malaspina Castle, the main seat of the rulers of the Massa and Carrara state before 1563
The Ducal Palace in Massa, the principal residence thereafter
Maria Beatrice d'Este was the last descendant of the House of Este, of the House of Cybo-Malaspina and, through her maternal grandmother Ricciarda, also of the House of Gonzaga of Novellara and Bagnolo. Ducal princess of Modena and Reggio, she became the sovereign duchess of Massa and Carrara from 1790 until 1796 and from 1815 until her death in 1829. Through her marriage, she was co-founder of the new House of Austria-Este.
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria with his wife Maria Beatrice d'Este holding Archduchess Maria Leopoldine, standing is Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este wearing a pink dress.
Image: Maria Theresa of Austria Este queen of Sardinia
Image: Maria Leopoldine of Habsburg Este