1.
81st Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark, Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on February 7, Slumdog Millionaire won eight awards, the most of the evening, including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle. The telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 81st Academy Awards were announced on January 22,2009, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, the Curious Case of Benjamin Button received the most nominations with thirteen, Slumdog Millionaire came in second with ten. The winners were announced during the ceremony on February 22,2009. Slumdog Millionaire was the film to win Best Picture without any acting nominations. Sean Penn became the person to win Best Lead Actor twice. Best Supporting Actor winner Heath Ledger became the performer to win a posthumous acting Oscar. The first actor to receive this distinction was Peter Finch who posthumously won Best Actor for Network two months after his death in January 1977. With its six nominations, Best Animated Feature Film winner WALL-E tied with 1991s Beauty, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface. Jerry Lewis The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, in September 2008, the Academy selected producers Bill Condon and Laurence Mark to co-produce the telecast. Nearly three months later, actor Hugh Jackman, who had previously emceed three consecutive Tony Awards ceremonies between 2003 and 2005, was chosen as host of the 2009 gala. Jackman expressed his anticipation of the awards in the few days preceding, notable changes were introduced in the production of the telecast. Another unique feature of the ceremony was that the orchestra performed onstage instead of being relegated to a pit, in a break from previous presentations, five previous Oscar-winning performers presented each of the acting categories as opposed to only one or two. In addition, the Academy announced that for the first time since Oscar began broadcasting on television, furthermore, a montage of upcoming 2009 films was shown over the ceremonys closing credits. Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony, chris Harrison hosted Road to the Oscars, a weekly behind-the-scenes video blog on the Oscar ceremony website. David Rockwell designed a new set and stage design for the ceremony, Film historian and author Robert Osborne greeted guests entering the festivities at the Hollywood and Highland Center
81st Academy Awards
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Official poster
81st Academy Awards
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Danny Boyle, Best Director winner
81st Academy Awards
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Sean Penn, Best Actor winner
81st Academy Awards
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Kate Winslet, Best Actress winner
2.
Sacramento, California
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Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
3.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
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Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
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The name London may derive from the
River Thames
4.
UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television
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The UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, is one of the 11 schools within the University of California, Los Angeles located in Los Angeles, California. Its creation was groundbreaking in that it was the first time a university had combined all three of these aspects into a single administration. The undergraduate program is ranked among the worlds top drama departments. The graduate programs are usually ranking within the top three nationally, according to the U. S. News & World Report. Among the schools resources are the Geffen Playhouse and the UCLA Film & Television Archive, the Archive constitutes one of the largest collections of media materials in the United States — second only to the Library of Congress in Washington, D. C. Its vaults hold more than 220,000 motion picture and television titles and 27 million feet of newsreel footage, the Schools enrollment, in 2014, consisted of 631 students. For Fall 2014, the School received 4,442 applications, with 140 faculty members teaching 335 undergrads and 296 graduate students, the teacher to student ratio is about 1,5. The roots of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television go back to 1947 when the Theater Arts Department was created at UCLA, twenty years later, in 1987, The College of Fine Arts was disbanded. The School of Theater, Film and Television was created in 1990, and Gilbert Cates, curriculum was expanded, new faculty was hired, and entertainment industry connections were strengthened. In 1999, Robert Rosen became UCLA TFT’s second dean, a distinguished professor and film historian, Rosen had earlier spearheaded the expansion of the UCLA Film & Television Archive into one of the largest collections of moving image material. As dean, Rosen expanded the School’s international influence with strong alliances, UCLA alumna Teri Schwartz became dean of UCLA TFT in 2009. A former award-winning feature film producer, she was previously the dean of the School of Film and Television at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. ”The Skoll Center for Social Impact Entertainment at UCLA TFT was created in partnership with Participant Media founder. Skoll donated $10 million for the center, the first of its kind dedicated solely to advancing entertainment, the work of the Center is organized around three pillars, research, education and special initiatives, and public programming and exhibition. The program teaches the general studies of theater broadly, before allowing the student to study their specified area of study, offering Master of Fine Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees, the graduate program requires an audition for all acting applicants, and a possible interview for other candidates. Each applicant must apply for an area of study. Offering Master of Arts, Master of Fine Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees, a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy degree are available for critical studies. The School also offers certificate programs modeled after the world-renowned MFA curriculum. The goal of this program, which takes place over one academic year, is for the student to start
UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television
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Hammer Museum on Wilshire and Westwood Blvds.
5.
Big Love
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Big Love is an American television drama series that aired on HBO between March 2006 and March 2011. The show is about a fictional fundamentalist Mormon family in Utah that practices polygamy, Big Love stars Bill Paxton, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Chloë Sevigny, and Ginnifer Goodwin, as well as a large supporting cast. The series premiered in the United States on March 12,2006, Big Love was a success for HBO, running for five seasons before concluding its run on March 20,2011. Big Love received widespread acclaim, and earned several major awards. The third season was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, for acting, Chloë Sevigny won a Golden Globe Award for her supporting role, and Bill Paxton was nominated three times for his leading role. At the Emmys, Ellen Burstyn, Bruce Dern, Mary Kay Place, creators Mark V. Olsen and Will Scheffer won the Writers Guild of America Award for Television, Episodic Drama. The series left behind a legacy as one of televisions most complex studies of American family life and it has been the subject of seminal pieces in top academic journals, including the Columbia Law Review, Law and Contemporary Problems, and Michigan Journal of Gender & Law. Several publications listed the seriess first three seasons as among the best television of the decade 2000-09, and its season ranked among the best-reviewed scripted series of 2011. The show was co-created by Mark V. Olsen and Will Scheffer, Olsen and Scheffer spent almost three years researching the premise of the show, with the intent of creating a fair, non-judgmental portrayal of polygamy in America. The theme song for the two seasons of the series was Home, by the band Engineers. During the first three seasons, God Only Knows, by The Beach Boys, played during the opening titles, the musical score for the series was composed by Anton Sanko. Mark Mothersbaugh composed music for the first season, while David Byrne was in charge of music during the second season, Bill Paxton as Bill Henrickson – Husband to Barb, Nicki, and Margene. He is a practicing polygamist and, at the end of season 4, is elected as a Utah Republican state senator, Jeanne Tripplehorn as Barbara Barb Henrickson – Bills first wife, mother of Sarah, Ben, and Tancy. Chloë Sevigny as Nicolette Nicki Grant – Bills second wife, Barbs former caretaker, and Roman Grants daughter, mother of Wayne and Raymond, Ginnifer Goodwin as Margene Margie Heffman – Bills third and youngest wife, mother of Lester, Aaron, and Nell. Amanda Seyfried as Sarah Henrickson – Bill and Barbs first daughter and she married Scott Quittman despite her parents initial reservations. Douglas Smith as Ben Henrickson – Bill and Barbs son, in the third season, he expresses his sexual attraction and love to Margene, his third mother, who pacifies him as she loves him as a son. He has stated his desire to follow The Principle—to practice polygamy, branka Katić as Ana Marković – Bills fourth wife. She and Bill marry, then she divorces the family, jolean Wejbe as Tancy Teenie Henrickson – Bill and Barbs younger daughter
Big Love
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Big Love promotional photo featuring (from left to right)
Jeanne Tripplehorn,
Bill Paxton,
Chloë Sevigny, and
Ginnifer Goodwin.
Big Love
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Promotional poster for Season 1
6.
Milk (film)
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Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black, the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White, a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone. The film was released to acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics. Ultimately, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, various scripts were considered in the early 1990s, but projects fell through for different reasons, until 2007. Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco, including Milks former storefront, Milk begins on Harvey Milks 40th birthday, when he was living in New York City and had not yet settled in San Francisco. The films release was tied to the 2008 California voter referendum on gay marriage, Proposition 8, Milk is seen recording his will throughout the film, nine days before the assassinations. The film then back to New York City in 1970. Dissatisfied with his life and in need of a change, Milk and they open Castro Camera in the heart of Eureka Valley, a working-class neighborhood in the process of evolving into a predominantly gay neighborhood known as The Castro. Early on, Smith serves as Milks campaign manager, but he grows frustrated with Milks devotion to politics, Milk later meets Jack Lira, a sweet-natured but unbalanced young man. As with Smith, Lira cannot tolerate Milks devotion to political activism, Milk clashes with the local gay establishment which he feels to be too cautious and risk-averse. His victory makes him the first openly gay man to be voted into major office in California. Milk subsequently meets fellow Supervisor Dan White, a Vietnam veteran, White, who is politically and socially conservative, has a difficult relationship with Milk, and develops a growing resentment for Milk when he opposes projects that White proposes. Milk and White forge a working relationship. When Milk fails to support White because of the effect it will have on troubled youth, White feels betrayed. Milk also launches an effort to defeat Proposition 6, an initiative on the California state ballot in November 1978, sponsored by John Briggs, a conservative state legislator from Orange County, Proposition 6 seeks to ban gays and lesbians from working in Californias public schools. On November 7,1978, after working tirelessly against Proposition 6, Milk, a desperate White favors a supervisor pay raise, but does not get much support, and shortly after supporting the proposition, resigns from the Board. He later changes his mind and asks to be reinstated, Mayor Moscone denies his request, after being lobbied by Milk. On the morning of November 27,1978, White enters City Hall through a basement window to conceal a gun from metal detectors and he requests another meeting with Moscone, who rebuffs his request for appointment to his former seat. Enraged, White shoots Moscone in his office and then goes to meet Milk, the film suggests that Milk believed that White might be a closeted gay man
Milk (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Milk (film)
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Sean Penn filming Milk in 2008.
7.
8 (play)
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It was created by Dustin Lance Black in light of the courts denial of a motion to release a video recording of the trial and to give the public a true account of what transpired in the courtroom. The play is written in the style of verbatim theatre reenactment, using transcripts from the trial, journalist records, and media interviews from the plaintiffs, defendants and proponents involved. 8 first premiered on September 19,2011 at the Eugene ONeill Theatre in New York City, a radio adaptation was broadcast on JOY94.9, a GLBTIQ community radio station in Melbourne, Australia, on 27 March 2014. In May 2009, AFER filed a lawsuit, Perry v. Schwarzenegger, the same-sex couples were represented by David Boies and former U. S. Solicitor General Theodore Olson, two high profile attorneys who opposed each other in the U. S. Supreme Court case, the defense presented only two expert witnesses who were willing to testify under oath. David Blankenhorn, who had allowed to testify for the defense, was ultimately judged as lacking the qualifications to offer opinion testimony. During Blankenhorns cross-examination, he identified 23 benefits of adopting same-sex marriage, published on page 203 of his book The Future of Marriage, opponents of same-sex marriage were unable to provide credible evidence proving their claim that same-sex marriage would harm society or the institution of marriage. The following is a list of the cast of characters, along with the actors that portrayed them in the two premieres
8 (play)
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Official Poster
8.
Tom Daley
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Thomas Robert Tom Daley is a British diver. Daley specialises in the 10-metre platform event and was the 2009 FINA World Champion in the event at the age of 15. He started diving at the age of seven and is a member of Plymouth Diving Club and he has made an impact in national and international competitions from age 9. In 2009, Daley reached a career-best ranking of one in the FINA World Diving Rankings for the 10m platform. Daley made his debut in the premiere on 5 January 2013 as a mentor to the celebrity competitors taking part. At the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, Daley and Daniel Goodfellow won a medal in the synchronised 10m platform. Daley also set an Olympic record score in the individual 10m platform, Daley was born in Plymouth, Devon, England, the son of Debbie and Robert Daley. He has two brothers – William who is three years younger, and Ben who is five years younger and their father, Robert, died from a brain tumour on 27 May 2011, aged 40. His early diving hero was Canadian diver Alexandre Despatie, who won gold at the 1998 Commonwealth Games at the age of 13, and British diver Leon Taylor, who later mentored him. Daley was spotted by a coach, taking part in regular diving lessons and his first competition was the National Novice Championships in April 2003 where he won a medal in the 8/9-year-old boys category. In September 2003, he took part in an event in Southampton where he won the 1 m,3 m and platform events. Daley won his age group at the British Championships in the 1 m springboard, the 3 m springboard, and platform in 2004,2005, and 2006. In June 2004, the month after his birthday, he won the platform competition in the National Junior group. In 2005 Daley competed as a guest competitor in the Australian Elite Junior Nationals and placed first in platform and he also competed in the 14–15 category at the 2005 Aachen Junior International, placing second in platform and third in 3 m springboard. He met the standard for the 2006 Commonwealth Games, but was not selected for the England team because of his age. In 2006, he was the under-18 British champion in platform and 3m springboard, and he placed second in the 10 m platform at the 2007 senior British Championships, from age 11 to 14 Daley attended Eggbuckland Community College. Daley was praised in the media for speaking out about his problem, a few weeks later it was confirmed that Daley had enrolled at Plymouth College. Daley took his GCSEs in small batches to fit around his diving commitments, Daley obtained one A and eight A* grades in his GCSEs
Tom Daley
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Daley at
Our Greatest Team Parade in 2012
Tom Daley
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Daley in 2008
Tom Daley
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Daley holding his individual
Olympic bronze medal at the
Olympic Victory Parade
9.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Awards
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Academy Awards
Academy Awards
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Awards
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Awards
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
10.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
11.
American Foundation for Equal Rights
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AFER retained former United States Solicitor General Theodore B. Olson and David Boies to lead the legal team representing the plaintiffs challenging Proposition 8. AFER, along with Broadway Impact, an organization of artists and fans, sponsors 8. The two organizations are licensing 8 for free to college and community theatres worldwide, all-star readings of 8 have been produced on Broadway and in Los Angeles. AFER was launched in Spring 2009 as the sponsor of Perry v. Schwarzenegger. The Foundation was co-founded by political consultants Chad Griffin and Kristina Schake, leadership AFER is governed by a seven-member board of directors. The board president is Academy Award-winning producer Bruce Cohen, and the treasurer is Michele Reiner, Mehlman, and actor and director Rob Reiner. AFERs staff is headed by Executive Director Adam Umhoefer, AFER’s advisory board is co-chaired by Robert A. Levy, chairman of the Cato Institute, and John Podesta, Chair and Counselor of the Center for American Progress. Advisory board members include Julian Bond, Lt. Dan Choi, Margaret Hoover, Dolores Huerta, Cleve Jones, David Mixner, Stuart Milk, Hilary Rosen, Olson & Boies AFER believes that the case for marriage equality transcends partisan and ideological boundaries. Plaintiffs lead attorneys in the Perry litigation, Theodore B. Olson and David Boies, Boies is a prominent Democratic trial lawyer. The two men represented George W. Bush and Al Gore, respectively, during the 2000 Florida presidential election recount. AFER co-founder Chad Griffin described the Perry case as an effort that “could make same-sex marriage be seen as a nonpartisan issue—forget bipartisan. ”It is, some have said, the last major civil-rights milestone yet to be surpassed in our two-century struggle to attain the goals we set for this nation at its formation. “This bedrock American principle of equality is central to the political and legal convictions of Republicans, Democrats, liberals and this emerging group of donors is not quite like any other fund-raising network that has supported gay-related issues over the past 40 years. AFER’s fundraising activities include, A September 2010 event at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in New York City co-hosted by prominent Republicans Ken Mehlman, Paul Singer, a January 2011 private benefit concert with Elton John. A September 2011 Broadway world premiere reading of “8” the play at the Eugene O’Neill Theatre in New York City starring John Lithgow, Morgan Freeman, Ellen Barkin, and Christine Lahti. A February 2012 Los Angeles reading of “8” the play at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre starring Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Martin Sheen, the event was live streamed on YouTube, the first for a non-profit. Main article, Hollingsworth v. Perry Federal District Court The complaint in Perry v. Schwarzenegger was filed on May 22,2009 in United States District Court for the Northern District of California, the case was assigned to Chief Judge Vaughn R. Walker. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown declined to defend Proposition 8, the City and County of San Francisco was granted leave to intervene in support of Plaintiffs. In January 2010, a 12-day trial was held before Chief Judge Walker, the trial proceedings were recorded on video
American Foundation for Equal Rights
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AFER logo
American Foundation for Equal Rights
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LGBT history
12.
Perry v. Schwarzenegger
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Hollingsworth v. Perry refers to a series of United States federal court cases that legalized same-sex marriage in the State of California. The case began in 2009 in the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of California and this decision overturned ballot initiative Proposition 8, which had banned same-sex marriage. After the State of California refused to defend Proposition 8, the sponsors of Proposition 8 intervened and appealed to the Supreme Court. The case was litigated during the governorships of both Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jerry Brown, and was known as Perry v. Schwarzenegger and Perry v. Brown. It eventually reached the United States Supreme Court as Hollingsworth v, the salient effect of the ruling was that same-sex marriage in California resumed under the district court trial decision from 2010. The case was docketed with the Supreme Court at 570 U. S. ___, in May 2008, the California Supreme Court held in the case In re Marriage Cases that state statutes limiting marriage to opposite-sex applicants violated the California Constitution. The following month, same-sex couples were able to marry in California, in November 2008, Californias electorate adopted Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment that restored the opposite-sex limitation on marriage. Following the adoption of Proposition 8, several lawsuits were filed that challenged the validity of the amendment under various state constitutional provisions. On May 26,2009, the California Supreme Court held, in Strauss v. Horton, that Proposition 8 was a lawful enactment, the couples legal team was led by David Boies and former U. S. Solicitor General Theodore Olson, who had opposed each other in Bush v. Gore. They were listed on the 2010 Time 100 for their nonpartisan, Lambda Legal and the American Civil Liberties Union opposed the filing because they felt a federal challenge at this time might do more harm than good. Olson and AFER rebuffed this argument and defended the timing of the lawsuit, following a pre-trial hearing on July 2,2009, the three legal groups moved to intervene in the lawsuit, as did the City of San Francisco in a separate filing. The plaintiffs opposed allowing the groups or the City to intervene, on August 19, Judge Walker denied the legal groups motions to intervene but granted the Citys, albeit in a limited capacity. In May 2009, the Alameda County Clerk-Registrar, Patrick OConnell, denied Kristin Perry, for the same reason, Dean Logan, the Los Angeles County Clerk, denied Paul Katami and Jeffrey Zarrillo a marriage license. The couples sued the two county clerks and several officials, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Attorney General Jerry Brown. Several groups sought to intervene as plaintiffs, including the groups who had prosecuted the In re Marriage Cases, San Francisco also filed a motion to intervene in the case. City Attorney Dennis Herrera said that his office is singularly well-prepared to help put anti-gay discrimination on trial based on the facts, Walker permitted only San Francisco to intervene, as it could speak to the impact of Proposition 8 on local governments. He also ordered the general to assist San Francisco in analyzing Proposition 8s impact
Perry v. Schwarzenegger
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A demonstration in front of the Supreme Court on the day of oral arguments
Perry v. Schwarzenegger
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Supreme Court of the United States
Perry v. Schwarzenegger
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Plaintiffs Perry (left) and Stier at the 2013
San Francisco Pride Parade shortly after their marriage at
San Francisco City Hall
13.
California Proposition 8 (2008)
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Proposition 8, known informally as Prop 8, was a California ballot proposition and a state constitutional amendment passed in the November 2008 California state elections. Proposition 8 was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by a court in 2010, although the court decision did not go into effect until June 26,2013. The official proponents justifications for the measure were analyzed in over fifty pages covering eighty findings of fact, the state government supported the ruling and refused to defend the law. The ruling was stayed pending appeal by the proponents of the initiative, on February 7,2012, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision, reached the same conclusion as the district court, but on narrower grounds. The court ruled that it was unconstitutional for California to grant marriage rights to same-sex couples, the ruling was stayed pending appeal to the United States Supreme Court. The decision left the district courts 2010 ruling intact, in 2000, the State of California adopted Proposition 22 which, as an ordinary statute, forbade recognition or licensing of same-sex marriages in the state. Proposition 8 was created by opponents of same-sex marriage prior to the ruling on In re Marriage Cases as a voter ballot initiative. The proposition did not affect domestic partnerships in California, nor did it reverse same-sex marriages that had performed during the interim period May to November 2008. Proposition 8 came into effect on November 5,2008. Demonstrations and protests occurred across the state and nation, in Strauss v. Horton, the California Supreme Court upheld Proposition 8, but allowed the existing same-sex marriages to stand. Although upheld in State court, Proposition 8 was ruled unconstitutional by the federal courts, Walker issued a stay against enforcing Proposition 8 and a stay to determine suspension of his ruling pending appeal. The State of California did not appeal the ruling leaving the initiative proponents, the California Supreme Court ruled that they did. This left the federal district court ruling against Proposition 8 as the final outcome. To qualify for the ballot, Proposition 8 needed 694,354 valid petition signatures, the initiative proponents submitted 1,120,801 signatures, and on June 2,2008, the initiative qualified for the November 4,2008 election ballot through the random sample signature check. Proposition 8 consisted of two sections and its full text was, Section I. Section 7.5 is added to the California Constitution, to read, On July 16,2008, the petition asserted the proposition should not be on the ballot on the grounds it was a constitutional revision that only the Legislature or a constitutional convention could place before voters. Opponents also argued that the petitions circulated to qualify the measure for the ballot inaccurately summarized its effect, the court denied the petition without comment. As a general rule, it is improper for courts to adjudicate pre-election challenges to a measures substantive validity and they also declared that the same-sex marriages performed prior to the passing of Prop 8 would remain valid
California Proposition 8 (2008)
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As California State Attorney General, Jerry Brown (shown here campaigning for Governor in 2010) had the ballot's description and title changed from "Limit on Marriage" to "Eliminates the right of same-sex couples to marry"
California Proposition 8 (2008)
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Results by county
California Proposition 8 (2008)
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Rally for Yes on Prop 8 in
Fresno
California Proposition 8 (2008)
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San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom speaks at an Anti-Proposition 8 Rally on Sproul steps at
UC Berkeley
14.
Mormon
–
After Smiths death in 1844, the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory. Today, most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some Mormons are also either independent or non-practicing. The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, Mormons have developed a strong sense of communality that stems from their doctrine and history. Mormons dedicate large amounts of time and resources to serving in their church, Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages, tobacco, coffee, tea, and other addictive substances. They tend to be very family-oriented, and have connections across generations and with extended family. Mormons also have a law of chastity, requiring abstention from sexual relations outside of heterosexual marriage. Mormons self-identify as Christian, although some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian, Mormons believe in the Bible, as well as other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon. They have a view of cosmology, and believe that all people are spirit-children of God. Mormons believe that returning to God requires following the example of Jesus Christ and they believe that Christs church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles. Central to Mormon faith is the belief that God speaks to his children, due to their high birth and conversion rates, the Mormon population has grown significantly in recent decades rising from around three million in 1970 to over 15 million in 2015. The term Mormons has been embraced by most adherents of Mormonism, most notably Mormon fundamentalists, while other Latter Day Saint denominations, both LDS Church members and members of fundamentalist groups commonly use the word Mormon in reference to themselves. The LDS Church, however, disagrees with this self-characterization, Church leaders also encourage members to use the churchs full name to emphasize its focus on Jesus Christ. Today, polygamy is practiced within Mormonism only by people that have broken with the LDS Church, the history of the Mormons has shaped them into a people with a strong sense of unity and communality. From the start, Mormons have tried to establish what they call Zion, in the first period, Smith had tried literally to build a city called Zion, in which converts could gather. During the pioneer era, Zion became a landscape of villages in Utah, in modern times, Zion is still an ideal, though Mormons gather together in their individual congregations rather than a central geographic location. Mormons trace their origins to the visions that Joseph Smith reported having in the early 1820s while living in upstate New York, in 1823, Smith said an angel directed him to a buried book written on golden plates containing the religious history of an ancient people. Smith published what he said was a translation of these plates in March 1830 as the Book of Mormon, named after Mormon, on April 6,1830, Smith founded the Church of Christ. The early church grew westward as Smith sent missionaries to proselytize, in 1833, Missouri settlers, alarmed by the rapid influx of Mormons, expelled them from Jackson County into the nearby Clay County, where local residents were more welcoming
Mormon
–
Orson Scott Card
Mormon
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M. Russell Ballard
Mormon
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Mia Love
Mormon
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Wally Herger
15.
San Antonio, Texas
–
San Antonio, officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh-most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous city in the state of Texas, with a population of 1,409,019. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, the city straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion known as the Texas Triangle. San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County, recent annexations have extended the citys boundaries into Medina County and, though for only a very tiny area near the city of Garden Ridge, into Comal County. Due to its placement, the city has characteristics of other urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas. San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, growth along the Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to expand. San Antonio was named for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, the city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, the city is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the country. The U. S. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, the remaining portions of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, at the time of European encounter, Payaya Indians lived near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area, calling the vicinity Yanaguana, meaning refreshing waters. In 1691, a group of Spanish Catholic explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Payaya settlement on June 13 and they named the place and river San Antonio in his honor. It was years before any Spanish settlement took place, father Antonio de Olivares visited the site in 1709, and he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. He directed Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas, differences between Alarcón and Olivares resulted in delays, and construction did not start until 1718. The families who clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béjar, on May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero to Fray Antonio de Olivares. On May 5,1718 he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar on the west side of the San Antonio River, one-fourth league from the mission. On February 14,1719, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo proposed to the king of Spain that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. By June 1730,25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop the re-settlement. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland from Veracruz to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, due to marriages along the way, the party now included 15 families, a total of 56 persons. They joined the community established in 1718
San Antonio, Texas
–
From top to bottom and Left to Right: 1. San Antonio downtown from the Tower of The Americas at night. 2. The Riverwalk 3. The McNay Museum of Art 4. The Tower Life Building 5. Bexar County courthouse 6. San Antonio Public Library 7. The Tower of the Americas at night 8. The Alamo
San Antonio, Texas
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Seal
San Antonio, Texas
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Lithograph of San Antonio in 1886
San Antonio, Texas
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Memorial to the
Alamo defenders
16.
Salinas, California
–
Salinas /səˈliːnəs/ is the county seat and largest municipality of Monterey County, California. Salinas is located just outside the portion of the greater Bay Area and 10 miles east-southeast of the mouth of the Salinas River. The population was 155,662 as of 2013, the city is located at the mouth of the Salinas Valley roughly eight miles from the Pacific Ocean and has a climate more influenced by the ocean than the hot-summer interior. The marine climate is ideal for the industry, grape vineyards. Salinas is known for its vibrant and large industry and as the hometown of writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate John Steinbeck. The land currently occupied by the city of Salinas is thought to have settled by Native Americans known as the Esselen prior to 200 AD. Between 200 and 500 AD, they were displaced by the Rumsen group of Ohlone speaking people, before this time, Monterey was the capital of California and had been under military rule after the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American war. In the 1850s a junction of two main stage coach routes was located 18 miles east of Monterey and along the big bend of what is referred to as the Alisal Slough. Soon thereafter, in 1856, an inn called the Halfway House was opened at that junction in Salinas. The streets of Salinas were laid out in 1867, and the town was incorporated in 1874. The conversion of grazing land to crops and the coming of the road in 1868 to transport goods and people was a major turning point in the history. Dry farming of wheat, barley, and other grains as well as potatoes, irrigation changed farming in Salinas to mainly row crops of root vegetables, grapes and sugar beets. Many major vegetable producers placed their headquarters in Salinas, the camp opened on April 27,1942 and held a total of 3,608 people before closing two months later on July 4. Following World War II major urban and suburban development converted much farmland to city, the city experienced two particularly strong growth spurts in the 1950s and 1960s, and again in the 1990s and early 2000s. The Harden Ranch, Creekbridge and Williams Ranch neighborhoods constituting much of the citys North-East were built almost exclusively between 1990 and 2004, Salinas was also the birthplace of writer and Nobel Prize laureate John Steinbeck. The historic downtown, known as Oldtown Salinas, features much fine Victorian architecture, and is home to the National Steinbeck Center, the Steinbeck House, major development took place in the 1990s, with the construction of Creekbridge, Williams Ranch, and Harden Ranch. When annexed in 1963, Alisal was described as a large Mexican-American enclave, hispanic immigration peaked from the 1980s through the early 2000s. Mostly European-American neighborhoods in North Salinas, an expansion of the city built mostly in the 1950s and 60s
Salinas, California
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Main Street in downtown Salinas, 2006
Salinas, California
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Seal
Salinas, California
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First Mayors House circa 1868
Salinas, California
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Sargent House Historic Victorian Home on Central Avenue
17.
Mormon culture
–
The basic beliefs and traditions of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have a cultural impact that distinguishes church members, practices and activities. The culture is concentrated in the Mormon Corridor in the United States. In some aspects, Latter-day Saint culture is distinct from church doctrine, the majority of Mormons live outside the United States. Therefore, even though the differences are important, there are some common traits around Mormons worldwide. The church puts notable emphasis on the family, and the concept of a united family which lives and progresses forever is at the core of Latter-day Saint doctrine. Church members are encouraged to marry and have children, and as a result, All sexual activity outside of marriage is considered a serious sin. All homosexual activity is considered sinful and same-sex marriages are not performed or supported by the LDS Church, Latter-day Saint fathers who hold the priesthood typically name and bless their children shortly after birth to formally give the child a name and generate a church record for them. Latter-day Saints believe that one of the most important aspects of life on Earth is the opportunity for individuals to learn and they further believe that whatever learning they obtain in this life is retained in the next life. All participating members ages twelve years and older attend Sunday School classes, Seminary is an established religious education program for secondary school students, which is often scheduled before or after school hours. In some areas with large LDS populations, provisions are made by the school to students to attend Seminary off-campus during the school day. Attendance at seminary is voluntary, although it is considered when a person applies to a church-owned university, CES administers the seminary program and also an Institute of Religion program for tertiary education-age church members. The church sponsors a low-interest educational loan program known as the Perpetual Education Fund and this fund is designed to benefit young men and women from developing areas to receive student loans. Many of them have served a mission, returned to their home, as they finish their education and enter the work force, they pay back the funds, which are then loaned to other individuals. In Buena Vista, Virginia, a group of LDS businessmen bought out a failing college and it is not owned by the church, nor does it receive any funding from the church. SVU depends heavily upon donations from members and friends. The school enforces an honor code that is similar to that of the higher education units of CES, the LDS Church encourages and hosts social activities such as sports, dances and picnics. Local Young Men and Young Women organizations sponsor weekly activities, in general, the LDS Church distances itself from politics, although it encourages its members to be politically active. Opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment during the 1970s, support of the Defense of Marriage Act to define marriage in the United States as between one man and one woman
Mormon culture
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Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah
Mormon culture
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The church's
Family History Library in Salt Lake City
Mormon culture
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Welfare Square 's 178-foot-tall grain elevator in Salt Lake City
18.
Military base
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A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. In general, a military base provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, in most cases, a military base relies on some outside help in order to operate. Bases are usually extra-legal jurisdictions not subject to civil law and they can range from small outposts to military cities containing up to 100,000 people. Some military bases may belong to a different nation or state than the territory surrounding it, the name used generally refers to the type of military activity that takes place at the base. Alternatively, the term may refer solely to an establishment which is used only by an army to the exclusion of a used by either an air force or a navy. This is consistent with the different meanings of the word military, other examples of non- or semi-permanent military bases include a Forward Operating Base, a Logistics Base and a Fire Base. A military base may contain large concentrations of military supplies in order to support military logistics. Most military bases are restricted to the public and usually only authorized personnel may enter them, Military bases usually provide housing for military personnel, a post office and dining facilities. Bases used by the United States Air Force Reserve tend to be active USAF bases, however, there are a few Air Reserve Bases, such as Dobbins ARB, Georgia, and Grissom ARB, Indiana, both of which are former active-duty USAF bases. Support facilities on Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve installations tend to not be as extensive as active bases, i. e. they usually do not have on-base billeting, clinics, or commissaries. Petersburg area including training schools, commissioning institutes, the academy. An overseas military base is a base that is geographically located outside of the territory of the country whose armed forces are the principal occupants of the base. The overseas military base has, throughout its history of usage, been an issue of debate. In the 18th and 19th Centuries the Royal Engineers were largely responsible for erecting military bases in the British Isles, in 1792 the Chief Engineer was instructed to prepare the Barrack Construction estimates for Parliament and at the same time the Department of the Barrackmaster-General was established. In 1959 the Corps Work Services was transferred to the civilian War Department Works Organization and by 1965 the were formed to plan, British naval bases are traditionally named, commissioned, and administered as though they were naval ships. For this reason they are sometimes called stone frigates, lists of military installations Military installations of NATO Official Directory of US Military bases. Royal Engineers Museum Military Works New US Military Bases, Side Effects Or Causes Of War, by Zoltan Grossman US Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense Outposts of Empire - Booklet and map of the American military bases in the world. Transnational Institute, March 2007 MyMilitaryBase. com - Directory of Military Installations
Military base
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Vessels of the
French Navy at a base in
Réunion
Military base
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Fort Jefferson in
Florida in the
United States is an example of a military base although no particular size or layout is typical. Fort Jefferson is no longer in use and is currently part of the
Dry Tortugas National Park.
Military base
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some kinds of Military installations of Iran - 2002
Military base
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Civilian services offered to soldiers outside a military base
19.
Monterey, California
–
The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on the southern edge of Monterey Bay, in the Northern Portion of Californias Central Coast. It stands at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level, the 2010 census recorded a population of 27,810. Monterey was the capital of Alta California under both Spain and Mexico and it was the only port of entry for taxable goods in California. In 1846 the U. S. flag was raised over the Customs House, the city had Californias first theater, public building, public library, publicly funded school, printing press, and newspaper. The city and surrounding area have attracted artists since the late 19th century, until the 1950s, there was an abundant fishery. Among Montereys notable present-day attractions are the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fishermans Wharf, long before the arrival of Spanish explorers, the Rumsen Ohlone tribe, one of seven linguistically distinct Ohlone groups in California, inhabited the area now known as Monterey. They subsisted by hunting, fishing and gathering food on and around the biologically rich Monterey Peninsula, researchers have found a number of shell middens in the area and, based on the archaeological evidence, concluded the Ohlones primary marine food consisted at various times of mussels and abalone. A number of sites have been located along about 12 miles of rocky coast on the Monterey Peninsula from the current site of Fishermans Wharf in Monterey to Carmel. In 1602, Spanish maritime explorer Sebastian Vizcaino recorded the name Bahía de Monterrey, Vizcaino landed at the southern end of the bay and described a great port, suitable for use as an anchorage by southbound Manila galleons. Vizcaino also noted and named the Point of Pines, all other uses of the name Monterey derive from Vizcainos name for the bay. Variants of the name are recorded as Monte Rey and Montery. In 1769, the first European land exploration of Alta California, for some reason, the explorers failed to recognize the place when they came to it on October 1,1769. The party continued north as far as San Francisco Bay before turning back, on the return journey, they camped near one of Montereys lagoons on November 27, still not convinced they had found the place Vizcaino had described. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí noted in his diary, We halted in sight of the Point of Pines and camped near a lagoon which has rather muddy water. Portolá returned by land to Monterey the next year, having concluded that he must have been at Vizcainos Port of Monterey after all, the land party was met at Monterey by Junípero Serra who traveled by sea. Portolá erected the Presidio of Monterey to defend the port and, on June 3,1770, Portolá returned to Mexico, replaced in Monterey by Captain Pedro Fages, who had been third in command on the exploratory expeditions. Fages became the governor of Alta California, serving from 1770 to 1774. Serras missionary aims soon came into conflict with Fages and the soldiers, the existing wood and adobe building became the chapel for the Presidio
Monterey, California
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Fisherman's Wharf and downtown rooftops, seen from
Monterey Bay
Monterey, California
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Construction on the
Custom House began in 1814 under Spanish rule. This photo dates from 1936.
Monterey, California
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Birds along a rock sea wall near the Coast Guard Station, which borders the
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Monterey, California
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Monterey Wharf and Harbor area
20.
Bare: a pop opera
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Bare, also known as Bare, A Pop Opera and thereafter bare the musical, is a rock musical with a book by Jon Hartmere, Jr. and Damon Intrabartolo, lyrics by Hartmere and music by Intrabartolo. The story focuses on two gay high school students and their struggles at their private, Catholic boarding school, the musical debuted at the Hudson Theatre in Los Angeles, California, running from October 2000 to 25 February 2001. The New York production of Bare at the American Theatre of Actors off-Broadway, the Los Angeles and New York productions were both directed by Kristin Hanggi. Bare had also produced in the Philippines by the Ateneo de Manila University in 2009. The same group also hosted a revival run from 29 February to 10 March 2012 at Teatrino, Promenade, Greenhills Shopping Center, San Juan, Bare had its Winnipeg premiere at the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival in July 2012 staged by The Musical Theatre Company. The 2012 Off-Broadway production of bare previewed from November 19 through December 8, the musical was directed by Stafford Arima. Bare returned to Off-Broadway for a run in June 2013 at The York Theatre Company. This production is produced by Sponge Theatricals and Midtown Arts Common as a benefit for the LGBTQ youth homeless shelter and this was the first production of the show in New York City since Bare, the musical played at New World Stages in 2012. A new production of the version has been produced again in Los Angeles. On 20 June 2015, bare, A Pop Opera had its Welsh premiere in Cardiff, Wales, at the YMCA Cardiff Theatre by Penny Productions, directed by Jay Coleman with musical direction by Connor Fogel. This amateur production starred Glen Jordan as Peter, Scott Jenkins as Jason, Emily John as Ivy, Alice Urrutia as Nadia, Alex Reynolds as Sister Chantelle and Phil Paisey as the Priest. On the 18th of February 2016, bare, A Pop Opera made its Irish debut in County Cork, the show went on to receive five A. I. M. The production went on to win the awards for Best Chorus, the production also came second place in the Best Overall Show category. Bare opens at a Mass on the Feast of the Epiphany in St Cecilias Boarding School, Peter, an altar boy, is dozing off and having a nightmare in which he is outed and condemned by everyone. After Mass, Peter encounters Jason, St Cecilias resident golden boy who is also his roommate and secret lover, Peter asks Jason to audition for Romeo and Juliet, but Jason initially refuses. Alone, Peter reflects on his angst about his relationship with Jason, at Auditions, drama teacher Sister Chantelle is dismayed by the lack of adept actors until Jason shows up, to everyones shock. He and Matt, another boy, battle for the part of Romeo. In the end, Jason is cast as Romeo, Ivy as Juliet, Peter as Mercutio, Matt as Tybalt, Jason attempts to console his sister, who wanted to play Juliet
Bare: a pop opera
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Bare: A Pop Opera 2004 Off-Broadway Poster
Bare: a pop opera
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bare the musical 2012 Off-Broadway Cover Art
21.
UCLA
–
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
UCLA
–
The Los Angeles branch of
California State Normal School, 1881.
UCLA
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UCLA official seal
UCLA
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
UCLA
–
The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
22.
The Journey of Jared Price
–
The Journey of Jared Price is a gay-themed coming-of-age 2000 film written, produced and directed by Academy Award winner Dustin Lance Black. The Journey of Jared Price was Blacks first feature film, nineteen year old Jared arrives in Los Angeles from a small town in Georgia seeking a different life. Jared of course doesnt like this arrangement but its all he has at the moment, Jared finally lands a job as a sitter and caregiver to the blind Mrs. Haines. He is hired by her son Matthew, who is a movie executive, Jared meets Robert at the hostel. Robert is a gay teen who soon shows his attraction to Jared. Robert is very comfortable being gay, which leaves Jared feeling the opposite about his own sexual orientation, the film takes a further twist when Matthew asks Jared to move in with his mother, Mrs. Haines, so that he can also look after her at night. Because of the situation at the hostel with his prostitute room mate. Soon after Jared moving in, it doesnt take long before Matthew gets Jared drunk, should he continue his relationship with Matthew or should he leave, ultimately being either homeless and jobless again. Kate The Journey of Jared Price at the Internet Movie Database The Journey of Jared Price at AllMovie
The Journey of Jared Price
–
Theatrical release poster
23.
Nevada
–
Nevada is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, nearly three-quarters of Nevadas people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the states four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the Battle Born State, because it achieved statehood during the Civil War, as the Sage-brush State, for the plant of the same name. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe, about 86% of the states land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U. S. federal government, both civilian and military. Before European contact, Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, the first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada because of the snow covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31,1864, as the second of two added to the Union during the Civil War. Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws, in 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century, Nevada is the only U. S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in Clark County, Washoe County and Carson City. The tourism industry remains Nevadas largest employer, with mining continuing as a sector of the economy. The name Nevada comes from the Spanish nevada, meaning snow-covered, most Nevadans pronounce the second syllable of their state name using the vowel of trap. Many from outside the Western United States pronounce it with the vowel of father, although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation preferred by most Nevadans. State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson proposed a bill to recognize the alternate pronunciation of Nevada, though the bill was not supported by most legislators, the Nevadan pronunciation is the de facto official one, since it is the one used by the state legislature. Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province, and is broken up by many mountain ranges
Nevada
–
The quartzite of the Prospect Mountain Formation on top of Jeff Davis Peak in
Great Basin National Park
Nevada
–
Flag
Nevada
–
Mountains west of Las Vegas in the
Mojave Desert
Nevada
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Vegetation at Timber Creek in the
Schell Creek Range
24.
Burning Man
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Burning Man is an annual gathering that takes place at Black Rock City—a temporary city erected in the Black Rock Desert in Nevada. Burning Man 2016 was held between August 28 and September 5,2016, at Burning Man the community explores various forms of artistic self-expression, created in celebration for the pleasure of all participants. Participation is a key precept for the community – selfless giving of ones unique talents for the enjoyment of all is encouraged, the event takes its name from its culmination, the symbolic ritual burning of a large wooden effigy that traditionally occurs on the Saturday evening of the event. In 2010,51,515 people attended Burning Man, attendance in 2011 was capped at 50,000 participants and the event sold out on July 24, the attendance rose to 70,000 in 2015. Harvey has described his inspiration for burning these effigies as an act of radical self-expression. The event did have earlier roots, though, sculptor Mary Grauberger, a friend of Harveys girlfriend Janet Lohr, held solstice bonfire gatherings on Baker Beach for several years prior to 1986, some of which Harvey attended. When Grauberger stopped organizing it, Harvey picked up the torch so to speak and he and Jerry James built the first wooden effigy on the afternoon of June 21,1986, cobbled together using scrap wood, to be torched later that evening. In 1987, the effigy grew to almost 15 feet tall, Harvey has stated that he had not seen the 1973 cult film The Wicker Man until many years after and that it did not inspire the action. In 1990, an event was planned by Kevin Evans and John Law on the remote and largely unknown dry lake known as Black Rock Desert, about 110 miles north of Reno. Evans conceived it as a dadaist temporary autonomous zone with sculpture to be burned and he asked John Law, who also had experience on the dry lake and was a defining founder of Cacophony Society, to take on central organizing functions. In the Cacophony Societys newsletter, it was announced as Zone #4, meanwhile, the beach burn was interrupted by the park police for not having a permit. After striking a deal to raise the Man but not to burn it, event organizers disassembled the effigy, shortly thereafter, the legs and torso of the Man were chain-sawed and the pieces removed when the lot was unexpectedly leased as a parking lot. The effigy was reconstructed, led by Dan Miller, Harveys then-housemate of many years and he took the name Danger Ranger and created the Black Rock Rangers. Thus the seed of Black Rock City was germinated, as a fellowship, organized by Law and Mikel, based on Evans idea, along with Harvey and James symbolic man. Drawing on experience in the business and with light sculpture. In its first years, the community grew by word of mouth alone, the annual, several weeks-long event, was held over summer Solstice at various fertile hot springs surrounding the desert. Participants built art and participated in self-directed performances, some key organizers of Burning Man were also part of Desert Siteworks and William Binzen was a friend of Larry Harvey. Hence, the two events saw lots of cross-pollination of ideas and participants, the Desert Siteworks project ran for three years
Burning Man
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Burning "The Man", a large wooden
effigy
Burning Man
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Burning Man
Burning Man
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Wicker man on fire at the Archaeolink outdoor museum,
Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Burning Man
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The neon-tubed Man at the 1999 event
25.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
HBO
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The RCA Satcom domestic communication satellite launched on December 13, 1975, spurred the
cable television industry to unprecedented heights – with the assistance of HBO.
HBO
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Filmmaker
Alexandra Pelosi and former
New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey at the New York City premiere of Pelosi's HBO documentary about McGreevey,
Fall to Grace, in March 2013.
HBO
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Example of Festival's monthly guide provided to subscribers (January 1988).
26.
Polygamy
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Polygamy involves marriage with more than one spouse. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage, in contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like monogamy, the term polygamy is often used in a de facto sense, in sociobiology and zoology, researchers use polygamy in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. Polygamy is widely accepted among different societies worldwide, according to the Ethnographic Atlas, of 1,231 societies noted,588 had frequent polygyny,453 had occasional polygyny,186 were monogamous and 4 had polyandry. Polygamy is also common among animals, such as the common fruit-fly. Polygyny is the practice wherein a man has more than one wife at the same time, the vast majority of polygamous marriages are polygynous. Polygyny is legally accepted in many Muslim majority countries and some countries with a sizeable Muslim minority, in some of the sparsely populated regions where shifting cultivation takes place in Africa, women do much of the work. This favours polygamous marriages in which men sought to monopolize the production of women who are valued both as workers and as child bearers, goody however, observes that the correlation is imperfect and varied. Senior wives can benefit as well when their work load is lightened by the addition of junior wives to the family. Wives, especially wives, status in the community can be increased by the addition of other wives. For such reasons, senior wives sometimes work hard or contribute from their own resources to enable their husbands to accumulate the bride price for a second wife, Polygyny may also result from the practice of levirate marriage. In such cases, the deceased mans heir may inherit his assets and wife, or, more usually and this provides support for the widow and her children and maintains the tie between the husband and wives kin groups. The sororate is like the levirate, in that a widower must marry the sister of his dead wife, the wifes family, in other words, must provide a replacement for her thus maintaining the ties between them. Both levirate and sororate may result in a man having multiple wives and this is a form of de facto polygyny that is referred to as concubinage. In many polygynous marriages the husbands wives may live in separate households often at a great distance and they can thus be described as a series of linked nuclear families with a father in common. Polyandry is the practice wherein a woman has more than one husband at the same time, polyandry is much less popular than polygyny and is illegal in virtually every state in the world. It occurs only in remote communities, polyandry is believed to be more likely in societies with scarce environmental resources, as it is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival
Polygamy
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Prince Manga Bell and favorite wives
Polygamy
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A Mormon polygamist family in 1888.
Polygamy
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Azim Azimzade. "The old wife and the new one". 1935
27.
The Times of Harvey Milk
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The film was directed by Rob Epstein, produced by Richard Schmiechen, and narrated by Harvey Fierstein, with an original score by Mark Isham. In 2012, this film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, the Times of Harvey Milk documents the political career of Harvey Milk, who was San Franciscos first openly gay supervisor. Other politicians including San Francisco mayor George Moscone, and Moscones successor, the movie opens with a tearful Feinstein delivering her announcement to the media that Moscone and Milk had been assassinated by Dan White. Also featured in the film is schoolteacher Tom Ammiano, who would go on to be a member of the California State Assembly. The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1984, a digitally restored version of the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection in March 2011
The Times of Harvey Milk
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Film poster
28.
Cleve Jones
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Cleve Jones is an American AIDS and LGBT rights activist. He conceived the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt which has become, at 54 tons, Jones was born in West Lafayette, Indiana, and raised in Scottsdale, Arizona. His mother was a Quaker, a faith she held at least in part to benefit her son in the era of the draft for the Vietnam war and he did not reveal his sexual orientation to his parents until he was 18. His career as an activist began in San Francisco during the turbulent 1970s when, as a newcomer to the city, Jones worked as a student intern in Milk’s office while studying political science at San Francisco State University. Jones went to work in the office of State Assemblyman Art Agnos. In 1983, when AIDS was still a new and largely underestimated threat, Jones conceived the idea of the AIDS Memorial Quilt at a candlelight memorial for Harvey Milk in 1985 and in 1987 created the first quilt panel in honor of his friend Marvin Feldman. The AIDS Memorial Quilt has grown to become the world’s largest community arts project, Jones ran for a position on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in the November 3,1992 election. While in San Francisco, Jones took part in a documentary, Echoes of Yourself in the Mirror, about the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the film also looks at the impact HIV/AIDS is having in communities of color, and the young. Jones has been working with UNITE HERE, the hotel, restaurant and he is a driving force behind the Sleep With The Right People campaign, which aims to convince LGBT tourists to stay only in hotels that respect the rights of their workers. Another part of Joness work with UNITE HERE is making the movement more open to LGBT members. In the same interview, Jones also talked about the time when he became seriously ill and he described his present health as good. The interview was based on Joness book, When We Rise, My Life in the Movement, Jones is portrayed by actor Emile Hirsch in Milk, director Gus Van Sants 2008 biopic of Harvey Milk. Jones is prominently featured in And the Band Played On, Randy Shiltss best-selling 1987 work of non-fiction about the AIDS epidemic in the United States, Jones was also featured in the 1995 documentary film The Castro. Jones was one of the Official Grand Marshals of the 2009 NYC LGBT Pride March, produced by Heritage of Pride joining Dustin Lance Black, in August 2009, Jones was an official Grand Marshal of the Vancouver Pride Parade. Jones participated as an actor in the Los Angeles premiere of 8, Jones is portrayed by actors Austin P. McKenzie and Guy Pearce in the 2017 ABC television miniseries When We Rise, directed by Gus Van Sant. LGBT culture in San Francisco Jones, Cleve, when We Rise, My Life in the Movement, Hachette Books. ISBN9780316315432 Jones, Cleve, with Dawson, Jeff, stitching a Revolution, The Making of an Activist. The Mayor of Castro Street, The Life and Times of Harvey Milk, St. Martins Press
Cleve Jones
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Jones at the
81st Academy Awards
Cleve Jones
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Cleve Jones marching at the
National Equality March
29.
Anne Kronenberg
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Anne Kronenberg is an American political administrator and LGBT rights activist. As an openly lesbian political activist, Kronenberg was noted for her role in the gay rights movement. Kronenberg appeared in the 1984 documentary film The Times of Harvey Milk, Kronenberg was one of the grand marshals of the 2009 New York City LGBT Pride parade, joining the films writer Dustin Lance Black and AIDS activist Cleve Jones who also worked with Milk. Kronenberg was on a plane flying to Seattle when Milk was assassinated on November 27,1978, at the airport, her family told her Milk had been shot, and she immediately got on the next plane back to San Francisco. She said later that they did not know at the time that the murderer was Dan White and it was a scary, very sad, horrible day, she said. Kronenberg participated in the candlelight vigil honoring Milk and was the speaker at his memorial service at the San Francisco War Memorial Opera House. Kronenberg began chairing the San Francisco Board of Supervisors’ Single Room Occupancy Task Force at its inception in 1998 and she worked with the administration and planning of the San Francisco Department of Public Health for nearly 15 years, being elevated to the position of deputy director. Kronenberg has also worked at the local, state, and federal levels for such politicians as Senator Ted Kennedy, Kronenberg was Deputy Director for Administration and Planning of the San Francisco Department of Public Health. She is now Executive Director of the SF Department of Emergency Management, in her current role, she manages department-wide planning initiatives for San Francisco disaster preparedness. While Kronenberg identified as a lesbian in the 1970s, she has fallen in love with a man she met in Washington, D. C. in the 1980s. She currently lives in California with her husband, stepson, daughter, Kronenberg was one of the official grand marshals of the 2009 NYC LGBT Pride March, produced by Heritage of Pride joining Dustin Lance Black and Cleve Jones on June 28,2009. Kronenberg was portrayed in Milk by Canadian actress Alison Pill, Pill played the role of Kronenberg as she was during the campaign, leather-wearing, bike-riding, and helping to ease some of the social and political barriers between gay men and lesbians. Kronenbergs response to the film was very positive, at the premiere of Milk, she said in an interview. Milk highlights the struggles of the lesbian and gay movement and the inner workings of the man who changed the entire nature of the movement. Harvey is loving this — I have felt his presence through the production of Milk. I could almost see him walking down the red carpet at the premiere, bowing, throwing kisses, harveys life was theatre and Tuesdays premiere was the ultimate stage. Kronenberg served as an adviser for the film and made an appearance as a stenographer. LGBT culture in San Francisco Interview with Queerty
Anne Kronenberg
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Anne Kronenberg speaks at Harvey Milk Streetcar Dedication
