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William III of Orange inspects the Waterline during the Franco-Dutch War
William III of Orange inspects the Waterline during the Franco-Dutch War
Aerial view of the fortified town of Naarden; with a good view of the star-shaped layout of the earth bastions, designed in the early gunpowder age to
Aerial view of the fortified town of Naarden; with a good view of the star-shaped layout of the earth bastions, designed in the early gunpowder age to place outward guns to force an enemy to keep distance and thus to protect the town proper against shelling
Concrete shelters at Fort Ruigenhoek
Concrete shelters at Fort Ruigenhoek
Inundation area near fort Ruigenhoek
Inundation area near fort Ruigenhoek
Left to right: The Battle of Solebay The murder of the De Witt brothers The Capture of Coevorden The Siege of Valenciennes
Left to right: The Battle of Solebay The murder of the De Witt brothers The Capture of Coevorden The Siege of Valenciennes
The planned 1672 French offensive; the alliance with Münster and Cologne allowed them to bypass the Spanish Netherlands, marching through Liege, and a
The planned 1672 French offensive; the alliance with Münster and Cologne allowed them to bypass the Spanish Netherlands, marching through Liege, and attack the Dutch from the relatively unguarded east.
Prince William of Orange, appointed Captain-General in February 1672; political conflict between his supporters and de Witt impacted Dutch preparation
Prince William of Orange, appointed Captain-General in February 1672; political conflict between his supporters and de Witt impacted Dutch preparations
Louvois, French Secretary of War, whose reforms were crucial to French success
Louvois, French Secretary of War, whose reforms were crucial to French success